Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
be discharged from such Service or Labour, but This statement by the Supreme Court before the hearing began gave corporations inclusion Corporations are granted free speech U.S. v. Martin Linen Supply [1976] the case back to a California court where it
well as opinion.
Restricting political money is the same
shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom Dartmouth College v. Woodward [1819] Slaughterhouse Cases [1873] in the word person in the 14th Amendment to the Constitution and claim to equal protection Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon [1922] in the union certification process, usurping A corporation successfully uses the 5th Amendment was settled in Kaskys favor, finding that the as restricting political speech.
Lochner v. New York [1905] Armour Packing v. U.S. [1908] International Dairy Foods Ass.
Above the line
The Supreme Court said: ...the main purpose of the Corporations argued for the right to lie but
such Service or Labour may be due. [Art.3, Sec.2] under law. (The case was decided on other grounds.) workers right to freedom of association to protect itself against double jeopardy to avoid state laws requiring truth in advertising had
This decision turned a corporate charter from a government-
last three Amendments (13, 14, 15) was the freedom Lochner became shorthand for using the Corporations get 6th Amendment right to jury trial Corporations get 5th Amendment takings clause: Grosjean v. American Press Co. [1936] and greatly weakening the Labor Relations retrial in an anti-trust case. v. Amestoy [1996] been violated. The question of whether the
so far do not have it.
granted privilege into a contract that can not be altered by ...nor shall private property be taken for public use, without
Three words not found in the Constitution: of the African race, the security and perpetuation of Munn v. Illinois [1877] Constitution to invalidate government regulation in a criminal case. A corporate defendant was considered A newspaper corporation has a 1st Amendment liberty right to Act of 1935 Ross v. Bernhard [1970] Supreme Court overturns Vermont law requiring 1st Amendment gives a corporation the right
Slavery, Democracy, Corporation.
government. The word corporation does not appear in
that freedom and their protection from the oppression Minneapolis & St. Louis of the corporation. It embodies the doctrine of an accused for 6th Amendment purposes. just compensation. A regulation is deemed a takings. freedom of speech that would be applied to the states through Corporations get 7th Amendment right to Marshall v. Barlow [1978]
the Constitution, and this ruling gave the corporation
of the white men who had formerly held them in slavery.
Supreme Court ruled that the 14th
substantive due process. From 1905 until the The State of Pennsylvania passed a law saying it was the 14th Amendment. The Court ruled that the corporation was jury trial in a civil case. The Court implied
Virginia Board of Pharmacy v. This case gave corporations the 4th
the labeling of all products containing bovine growth to speak lies remains unsettled.
standing in the Constitution. It also made it difficult for
Corporations were not included in these protections.
Amendment cannot be used to Railroad v. Beckwith [1889] mid 1930s the Court invalidated approximately
illegal to dig under houses causing them to collapse.
The Supreme Court overturned this law. Entire towns free to sell advertising in newspapers without being taxed. This that the corporation has this right because a Virginia Consumer Council [1976] Amendment right to require OSHA
hormone. The right not to speak inheres in political
Revolutionary War the government to control corporations, so states began to Civil War Begins protect corporations from state law. and commercial speech alike and extends to
write controls into the charters they granted. The Supreme They did not actually rule
Supreme Court rules a corporation is a person 200 economic regulations, usually under the U.S.enters World War I were undermined for coal extraction and sank as a result.
Corporations have used the takings clause ever since
is the first 1st Amendment protection for corporations. U.S.enters World War II U.S.ground troops in shareholder in a derivative suit would have The Supreme Court protects commercial speech. to produce a warrant to check for statements of fact as well as statements of opinion. Afghan War Iraq War
for both due process and equal protection.
Begins [1776] Court had found the corporation in the Constitution. [1861] on personhood. due process clause of the 14th Amendment.
[1917] to oppose and thwart environmental laws. Takings
compensation is the basis for NAFTA and WTO. [1941] Vietnam War [1963] that right. Advertizing is now free speech. safety violations. This prevents laws requiring GMOs to be labeled. [2001] [2003]
1772 1776 1789 1791 1803 1819 1840 1857 1861 1865 1868 1870 1873 1874 1877 1882 1886 1889 1893 1896 1905 1906 1908 1913 1917 1919 1920 1922 1933 1935 1936 1938 1939 1941 1947 1949 1954 1963 1964 1967 1970 1971 1973 1976 1977 1978 1986 1990 1996 1999 2001 2003 2010 2011
People gain or lose Rights and Powers
Somersetts Case Bill of Rights [1791] States begin to loosen 13th Amendment [1865] 15th Amendment [1870] Insurrection of 1877 Union Pacific Strike [1885] Plessy v. Ferguson [1896] 24th Amendment [1964] Roe v. Wade [1973] Pacific Gas & Electric v.
17th Amendment [1913] 19th Amendment [1920] Louis K. Liggett Co. v. Lee [1933] Hague v. C.I.O. [1939] Wheeling Steel Corp. v. Glander [1949] Patriot Act [2001] Wal-Mart v. Dukes [2011]
Below the line
[England 1772] The first 10 Amendments to the Slavery is abolished in the U.S. and any Black males get the right to vote. The right The Supreme Court ruled that state laws Poll taxes, which were used to keep The Supreme Court rules that state
Constitution were adopted to protect Property requirements enforcing segregation by race are constitutional The U.S. Senate is now elected by the people, Women finally get the vote after 75 years Justice Brandeis dissents: The prevalence of the The Court denies an incorporated labor Justice Douglas dissents. Regarding the ruling that corporations Blacks and others from voting in some statutes against abortion are vague and Public Utilities Commission Passed by Congress following Supreme Court rules that employees can
An English judge rules slavery for white males to obtain voting and
place subject to its jurisdiction. of citizens...to vote shall not be denied or American Federation of Labor founded [1886] if separate accommodations are equal. corporation in America has led men of this generation union 1st Amendment rights. Only the are giving rights as persons under the 14th Amendment, he said, states, were abolished. The right... infringe on a womans 9th and 14th Sept.11, the Act violates the civil only bring class action suits if there is proof
does not exist in England. We the People from excesses of
citizenship rights. [1820-1850]
This Amendment changed Article 4, abridged...on account of race, color, or
Black males effectively lost 14th Amendment
instead of appointed by state governments. of struggle. The right of citizens of the
to act, at times, as if the privilege of doing business in individual plaintiffs, not the labor union There was no history, logic or reason given to support that view to vote...shall not be denied...by reason Amendment rights (to privacy). Abortion
[1986] Dissent by Justices Rehnquist, liberties and privacy of individuals. a company has a policy of paying less to women
government. At this time, We the Section 2 of the Constitution. previous condition of servitude. United States to vote shall not be denied
A slave becomes free by stepping
People meant only white males who Haymarket Massacre [1886] rights and much access to the white world. or abridged by the United States or any corporate form were inherent in the citizen; and has led or the ACLU, could invoke 1st Amendment nor was the result so obvious that exposition was unnecessary. of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax. is legalized in the first trimester of pregnancy.
White, Stevens: To ascribe to such entities an Originally scheduled to expire, key or minorities. Statistics showing that a companys
on English soil. The colonists them to accept the evils attendant upon the free and protections. [A corporation] cannot be intellect ormind for freedom of conscience provisions were renewed in 2011. female workers earn far less and get fewer
wonder if slavery will soon be owned property and were over 21 Minor v. Happersett [1874] Plessy legalized Jim Crow laws. State on account of sex.
unrestricted use of the corporate mechanism as if these said to be deprived of freedom of speech purposes, is to confuse metaphor with reality. promotions than men will not suffice.
abolished in all English colonies. years old. The states decided how Women argued that under the 14th Amendment Great Southwest Strike [1886]
much property must be owned to equal protection clause, the U.S. Constitution
evils were the inescapable price of civilized life, and and of assembly, for the liberty guaranteed Brown v. Board of Educ. of Topeka [1954] Reed v. Reed [1971]
Runaway slaves attempt to flee to
qualify to vote or run for office. Dred Scott v. Sanford [1857] 14th Amendment [1868] established that their right to vote could not be
hence to be borne with resignation. Throughout the by the due process clause is the liberty of Public schools cannot be racially segregated. Often said to have Women get the 14th Amendment. There were
England to gain their freedom. greater part of our history a different view prevailed.
(New Jersey white women who met Supreme Court decides that slaves are property Black males are now Citizens of the U.S.A.
denied by the state. The Supreme Court rejected Pullman and Great Northern Strike [1894] natural, not artificial persons. overturned Plessy. The Supreme Court recognized that earlier cases where it was assumed that women First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti [1977] Occupy Wall Street [2011]
property and residency requirements and Congress cannot deprive citizens of their ...nor shall any State deprive any person of
this stating that the 14th Amendment was only
Slavery is the Legal Fiction separate was not equal. had equal protection. This was the case in which Battle for Seattle
property. Slaves are not citizens of any state life , liberty, or property without due process Dissent by Justices White, Brennan, Marshall: ...the special status of
Shays Rebellion [1786]
could vote when the Constitution was
and have no rights a court must respect. of law; nor deny to any person within its
intended to apply to black males. Social Change in 1886 that a Person is Property. National Labor Relations Act of 1935 Conn. General Life Ins. v. Johnson [1938]
the 14th was ruled to apply to women. corporations has placed them in a position to control vast amounts of WTO protest [1999]
ratified, but the state revoked that
right in 1807.) This decision is the functional opposite of jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Susan B. Anthony went to the polls and cast
*Campaign for the 8 hour work day. Of the 14th Amendment cases The National Labor Relations Board required employer Civil Rights Act [1964] economic power which may, if not regulated, dominate not only our
*Knights of Labor membership 1,000,000 Justice Black dissents: I do not believe the word person in the This act ended voting discrimination and literacy testing economy but the very heart of our democracy, the electoral process...
Somersetts Case. It was this second use of the word person that
a vote in 1872, justifying her right to vote on
the 14th Amendment. The case never went with 60,000 Black and even more women members. brought before the Supreme Court Corporate Personhood neutrality when it came to the self-organization of workers. 14th Amendment includes corporations. 26th Amendment [1971] The state need not allow its own creation to consume it.
corporate lawyers argued should be applied to corporations. to the Supreme Court, but she was found It was a violation of the Act if an employer interfered in as a qualification for voting, established the Commission
guilty in a lower court. *Farmers Alliance has 100,000 members between 1890 and 1910, is the Legal Fiction that on Equal Employment Opportunity, and ended
Voting age changed from 21 to 18 years of age. Rehnquist also dissented: The blessings of perpetual life and limited This Timeline was compiled by Jan Edwards with much help from:
*Populists draw up founding document The Cleburne Demands any way with a union drive. Passed to recognize that if 18-year-olds could Move to Amend
19 dealt with African Americans, discrimination in public facilities. liability...so beneficial in the economic sphere, pose special dangers Doug Hammerstrom, Bill Meyers, Molly Morgan, Mary Zepernick,
*Eugene Debs builds the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen Property is a Person. be drafted into military service, they should be in the political sphere. is a coalition of citizens working towards Virginia Rasmussen, Kaitlin Sopoci-Belknap, Thomas Linzey, Jane
*Das Kapital by Karl Marx published in English 288 dealt with corporations. allowed to vote. passage of a Constitutional Amendment Anne Morris, and Richard Grossman. Thanks to Carl Mayer for his
*Looking Backwards by Edward Bellamy [1887] to end Corporate Personhood. article Personalizing the Impersonal. Early supporters of this work include:
1,000,000 + copies sold, 100 + groups formed More about this timeline at The Alliance for Democracy, The Program on Corporations Law and Democracy,
www.MoveToAmend.org and The Womens International League for Peace & Freedom.