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2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1605
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
When a GPS receiver is turned on, it downloads orbit shapes, bus stop location and bus schedules. Online
information of all the satellites. Once the information is processing matches vehicles to routes and performs the
downloaded, it is stored in the receivers memory for arrival time prediction. In order to make arrival time
future use. Even though the GPS receiver knows the predictions, these navigation-enabled systems requires
location of the satellites in space, it needs to know the additional information. This system produces high-
distance from each satellite where it is receiving a signal fidelity route maps, extracts transit stop locations, and
from. The distance is calculated, by the receiver. It is constructs transit schedules that consistently out-
calculated by multiplying the velocity of the transmitted perform the official schedules produced by the transit
signal and the time it takes the signal to reach the authority.
receiver. The GPS receivers clock is less accurate than
the atomic clock in the satellite. The distance 1) Drawbacks: The tracking method is a complex
measurement must be corrected to account for the process and it can accessed only by the transit authority.
receivers internal clock error of GPS
3.3 GPS-GSM Based Tracking
3.SURVEY
GPS-GSM based tracking system is to track the location
There are various methods for bus tracking, accident of bus with the help of google map. After installation the
detection and alerting, fuel monitoring. This section system will locate target with the help of a Web
describes each method. application which is a HTML based application in Google
map. The web application named as Tracking System. It
3.1 WiLocator represents the complete output of this system. In this
system two applications are developed and they are
WiLocator is to track and predict the arrival time of an linked to each other. The First application is used to get
urban buses based on the surrounding WiFi information. the initial position of the vehicle that is the starting point
WiFi Access Points (APs) are distributed densely along and as system will receive the different co-ordinates
the road segments of the urban bus routes. It provides which is the longitude and latitude position switching to
services to many transit agencies, third-party companies the next one will be done to get the distance travelled
that are commonly equipped each bus with a GPS- between the two positions. This application will run on
enabled in-vehicle device. The WiLocator is made of WAMP server. The system allows to track the target
three components: WiFi-enabled commodity off-the- anytime and anywhere in any weather conditions.
shelf smartphones, carried by the bus driver for crowd
sensing. The smartphone periodically scans the 1) Advantages: This system is user friendly and it
surrounding WiFi information, and reports it to the can be easily installed, easily accessed and can be used
server, a back-end server shifts the computation burden for various other purposes.
to the server, which includes real-time bus tracking, 2) Drawbacks: The user has to open two
arrival time prediction, traffic map generation and a user application to enter the starting point and the co-
interface such that the real-time bus track, schedule of ordinates.
the buses, traffic map, can be readily available for
intended bus riders. 3.4 Adaptive vehicle tracking
1) Drawbacks: The unstable Wifi signals and An adaptive vehicle tracking methodology is developed
complicated outdoor environment along the road for public transportation. This methodology is a two
segments are the challenges for tracking the buses. The pronged approach. The first one is User Request
WiLocator is installed in smart phone of the bus driver Processing and the other is Vehicle Information
and it should be carried by the driver Processing. In the User Request Processing, the user first
sends an SMS through their mobile to real time informer
3.2 EasyTracker number with the information about the area codes of
their source location and the final destination. The
EasyTracker is an automatic transit mapping. The transit message sent user is received through a mobile at the
agency must obtain smartphone, install an app and place server station. The system then processes the request
a phone in each transit vehicle. It can either be and sends the approximate location of the bus and when
permanently fit in the vehicle, or may be carried by the it may arrive. The steps involved in vehicle information
bus driver. A central location server collects location processing at first every bus is allotted a route and a
updates from all in-vehicle devices. The acknowledged unique mobile number is given to the bus the SIM card
records are set through batch processing and online
will do it. The route of the bus and its number is
processing. In the batch processing, a huge set of
registered. Then certain codes for the buses are allotted
recorded GPS traces are processed to produce route
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1606
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
to every station which is made known to the driver. Vibration Sensors, GPS and GSM modules to detect
Whenever the bus reaches route station, the driver just accidents. The GPS continuously takes input data from
needs to hold down the corresponding code key on the the satellite and stores the latitude, longitude values in
device in the bus. It automatically generates a message ATmega16 microcontroller's buffer. To track the vehicle,
containing the current location and reports back to the message has to be forwarded to GSM device, by which it
server where the server is updated. When the user sends gets activated. It also gets activated by detecting accident
a request, data from the server is sent to the user with the help of shock sensor connected to Raspberry Pi.
through a text message about the location and estimated It deactivates GPS with the help of relay .Once GSM gets
time of arrival. activated it takes the last received latitude and longitude
positions values from the buffer. The GSM sends a
1) Advantages: This is a real time system hence the message to a central emergency dispatch server which is
results will be accurate to an acceptable level. predefined in the program.
2) Drawbacks: The bus driver has to note down
each time the bus reaches the new location and to hold 1) Drawbacks: Central dispatch server is needed
on the key in the device. for processing the location details.
It is a mobile tracking system using open MTC platform. It monitors the level of the fuel in the vehicle. It uses reed
It monitors the vehicles position and in special cases the switch which works according to the principle of Hall
speed, cabin temperature and number of passenger can Effect for sensing the amount of fuel filled in the vehicle
also be monitored. The monitoring process is done using and amount of fuel consumed. Then this record is stored
position of vehicle from satellite through GPS device and in the system memory. The system is composed of
sends the received data to server through GSM modem. central control system, communication system, sensor
The vehicle data is managed using Machine-to-Machine system, power system and a microcontroller based fuel
(M2M) communication form. The Open Machine Type monitoring. The interfacing unit consists of two fuel level
Communication platform for aggregating and processing sensors. Fuel Sensors 1 and 2.Fuel sensor 1 is placed at
location data. Monitoring application is supported by
the inlet of fuel tank, as the disk of flow meter rotates,
seven main modules they are GSM and GPS modules,
SMS timer, a control system consisting of two sub due to the magnet present on the disk it will make and
modules namely data processing module and SMS break the reed switch. Pulses will be available as an
sending interface. On the server side there is M2M input to the microcontroller. By counting these pulses
platform to handle process of receiving information and and multiplying it by a flow factor will get exact amount
giving services to application and on the side of user. The of fuel filled. Fuel sensor 2 is placed at the outlet of fuel
system has a web application to show vehicle's position tank, as the disk of flow meter rotates, due to the magnet
that moves on Google maps which presents a real time present on the disk it will make and break the reed
movement of the tracked objects. A vehicle's position is switch. The square pulses are the input to the
detected by taking information from satellite data microcontroller. By counting these pulses and
received by GPS module. The data received by multiplying it by a flow factor we will get exact amount
monitoring system is processed by concerning timer and of fuel consumed.
further it is sent to OpenMTC using SMS media. This
sending process is periodically done and determined by 4.CONCLUSION
user. The information received by OpenMTC gateway
will be forwarded to the user application. The user Thus in this paper we have discussed the various
should be previously subscribed to it using the OpenMTC methods used for bus tracking, accident detection and
APIs. The data is processed and adapted with the help of fuel monitoring and their advantages and drawbacks are
Google map format then displayed in form of Google explained.
map.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3.6 Accident Alert
Accident alert system gives the live updates of accidental We would like to express our sincere thanks to the
vehicle with their location details with help of GPS. It institution for providing us the platform. Other than that
ensures the vehicle which has got accident to send we are grateful to all the previous researchers for their
publications which helped us a lot.
location details to web server located at emergency
ambulance centre. The system uses the Raspberry Pi,
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1607
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
REFERENCES
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1608