Literature review

Bhat et al., presented a study on Earthquake behaviour of buildings with & without shear
walls. They observed that the effects of lateral loads are attaining increasing importance &
almost every designer is faced with the problem of providing adequate strength & stability
against lateral loads. The study and comparison of the difference between the earthquake
behavior of buildings with and without shear wall using STAAD.pro. They study on four models
of the high-rise buildings without shear wall & different locations of shear walls. They analysed
that top displacement can be reduced by providing shear walls. Top displacement of model 2 is
3% less compared to model 1, model 3 is 18% less compared to model 1, and model 4 is 24%
less compared to model I in earthquake zone II.

Ainawala et al., (2014) presented a study on Design of multi-storeyed R.C.C. buildings with &
without shear walls. They observed that an earthquake load is applied to a building for G+12,
G+25,G+38 located in zone 2, zone 3 & zone 4 and zone 5 for different cases of shear wall
position. [Static analysis is performed for regular buildings up to 90 m height in zone 2 & zone 3.
Dynamic analysis should be performed for regular buildings in zone 4 & 5 above 40 m]. Shear
wall systems are one of the most commonly used lateral-load resisting systems in high-rise
buildings. Shear walls have very high in-plane stiffness and strength, which can be used to
simultaneously resist large horizontal loads and support gravity loads, making them quite
advantageous in many structural engineering applications. As per analysis, it is concluded that
displacement at different level in multi-storey building with shear wall is comparatively lesser as
compared to R.C.C. building without shear wall. It is concluded that building with shear wall is
constructed in lower cost as compared to structure without shear wall.

Hadihosseini et al., (2014) presented a study on Study the Effective of Shear Wall on Behavior
of Beam in Frame Structure. They observed that the performance of the framed buildings
depends on the structural system adopted for the structure the term structural system or structural
frame in structural engineering refers to load-resisting sub-system of a structure. The structural
system transfers loads through interconnected structural components or members. These
structural systems need to be chosen based on its height and loads and need to be carried out, etc.
The selection of appropriate structural systems for building must satisfy both strength and
stiffness requirements. The structural system must be adequate to resist lateral and gravity loads
that cause horizontal shear deformation and overturning deformation. Based on the analysis and
discussion ,shear wall are very much suitable for resisting earthquake induced lateral forces in
multistoried structural systems when compared to multistoried structural systems whit out shear
walls. They can be made to behave in a ductile manner by adopting proper detailing techniques.

Anshuman et al., (2011) presented a study on Solution of shear wall systems are one of the most
commonly used lateral-load resisting systems in high-rise building main focus is to determine the
solution for shear wall location in multi-storey building based on its both elastic & elasto-plastic
behaviours. Main focus is to determine the solution for shear wall location in multi-storey
building based on its both elastic and elasto-plastic behaviors. An earthquake load is calculated
and applied to a building of fifteen stories located in zone IV. They concluded that the in
inelastic analysis performance point was small and within the elastic limit.
Harne (2014) presented a study on Comparative study of strength of R.C. shear wall at different
location on multi-storied residential building. They found that shear wall systems are one of the
most common used lateral loads resisting system in high-rise buildings. Shear walls have very
high in plane stiffness and strength. Which can be used horizontal bads & support gravity load.
The lateral deflection of column for building with type-2 shear wall reduced to all models. It has
observed that among all the load combination, the load combination of 1.5DL+1.5EQX is found
to be more critical combination for all the models.

Ghosh et al., (2009) presented study on design of steel plate shear walls considering inelastic
drift demand. They found that seismic code provisions for these systems are still based on
elastic force based design methodologies. Considering the ever increasing demands of efficient
and reliable design procedures, a shift towards performance based seismic design (PBSD)
procedure is proposed procedure is tested on four story test building with different steel panel
aspect ratios for different target drifts under selected strong motion scenarios. The future
modifications required for this design procedure for different unstiffened steel plate shear wall
configurations are identified based on these test cases.
Subramani et al., presented study on dynamic analysis of flanged shear wall using STAAD
pro. The lessons taught from the aftermath of earthquake and the research works being carried
out in laboratories give better understanding about the performance of the structure and their
components. The damage in reinforced concrete structure was mainly attributed to the
inadequate detailing of reinforcement, lack of transverse steel and confinement of concrete in
structural elements. Because of these complexity in short and long term behaviour of the
constituents material, the ANSYS finite element program introduce a three dimensional element
solid65 which is capable of cracking and crushing and is then combined along with models of the
interaction between the two constituents to describe the behaviours of the composite reinforced
concrete material.
Gadling et al., (2016) presented study on review on analysis and design of rcc shear walls with
and without openings. The found that stiffness and strength of wall may decrease by the
reduction in the concrete area and the discontinuity of the reinforcement due to openings. To
know the responses of providing openings and the behaviours of shear wall without openings is
the aim of the given study. Hence, it is necessary to demonstrate work on analysis, design and
post effects of shear walls when seismic forces are applied. In this paper, a review is taken out
over the analysis and design of R.C.C shear walls with and without openings to study more detail
analytical results and conclusions.
Goud (2016) presented study on Analysis and Design of flat slab with and without shear wall of
multi-storied building frame. He found that conventional R.C.C structure i.e. flat slab, shear
wall, column for different heights are modelled and analysed for the different combinations of
static loadings with varying thickness of shear wall with varying height of multi-storeyed
building. The comparison is made between the conventional R.C.C flat slab structure of 10, 20
and 30 stories without shear wall. The comparison is made between the conventional R.C.C flat
slab structure of 10, 20 and 30 stories with varying thickness of shear wall in multi-storied
buildings have been provided at some particular locations. The analysis is carried out using
STAAD Pro 2007 software present work also provided a good source of information on various
parameters like lateral displacement, plate stresses and storey drift. They analysed that
Structure with shear wall along periphery is suitable for the effect of wind and earthquake load
on the performance of building.

Kulkarni et al., (2013) presented study on Comparative study of Reinforced Concrete shear wall
analysis in multi-storeyed building with openings by nonlinear methods. They found that the
reinforced concrete shear wall building is high in plane stiffness and strength which can be used
to simultaneously resist large horizontal loads and support gravity load. All procedure
incorporate performance based concepts paying more attention to damage control. Analysis is
carried out by using standard package sap 2000. The comparison of these models for different
parameters like displacement, storey drift and base shear has been presented by R.C. shear wall
building with and without opening. They analysed that the distribution of the story drift ratio
over the frame height becomes non uniform as frame height increases for both the methods.
Storey drift ratios for different damage states of class of buildings designed as per IS1893-2002.

Chowdary et al., (2014) presented a study on A Comparative study on R.C.C structure with and
without shear wall. They found that the effectiveness of R.C.C shear wall building is studied
with help of four different models. Model one is bare frame system and remaining three types are
different shear wall buildings. An earthquake load is applied to 8 storey buildings in different
zones. The performance of building is evaluated in terms of lateral displacement of each
storey.th analysis done by using structural finite element analysis sap 2000 software.
Aim
This main aim of this project, is to study & comparison of difference between behaviour of
buildings with and without shear wall using STAAD Pro.

Abstract
Shear wall systems are one of the most commonly used to resist lateral forces like wind
load, seismic loads etc. Shear walls have very high stiffness and strength which provides stability
to structure. The scope of the present work is to study seismic responses of different storey
buildings with and without shear wall, considering different seismic zones.
An earthquake load will be applied to a building for G+15, G+25, G+45 located in zone
II, zone III, zone IV and zone V for different cases of shear wall position. An analysis will be
performed using STAAD Pro software. Various parameters such as lateral displacement, story
drift and also cost comparison will be studied.

Objectives:
The main objective is to check and design seismic response of building using STAAD
Pro.
To make the building against seismic effect.
To analyse lateral displacement, storey drift, time history analysis and cost of the
building for different cases of shear wall in different zones.
Introduction

The race towards new heights and architecture has not been without challenges. When the
building increases in height, the stiffness of the structure becomes more important. Reinforced
Concrete Buildings are adequate for resisting both the vertical and horizontal load. Tall
structures have continued to climb higher and higher facing strange loading effects and very high
loading values due to dominating lateral loads.
Shear wall is always advisable to incorporate them in buildings built in region likely to
experienced earthquake of large intensity or high winds. The design of these walls for seismic
forces requires special consideration as they should be safe under repeated loads. The design
adopted in the Indian Code IS 1893(Part 1) :2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of
Structure to ensure that structure possess at least a minimum strength to withstands minor
earthquake occurring frequently; resist moderate earthquakes without significant structural
damages though some non-structural damages may occur; and aims that structure withstand
major earthquake without collapse.
Shear wall and bracing system are the most efficient system as they gains more plane stiffness,
reduces lateral displacements and dissipate energy during strong motions. Damages due to
earthquake can be prevented by adding such structural elements like shear wall and bracing
systems. The design criteria for tall buildings are strength, serviceability, stability and human
comfort. Thus the effects of lateral loads like wind loads, earthquake forces are attaining
increasing importance and almost every designer is faced with the problem of providing
adequate strength and stability against lateral loads.
Methodology
It needs to adopt the exact process to analyze a certain structural frame considering its
corresponding characteristics related to earthquake as seismic analysis was very complicated
portion in the field in structural engineering.
1. Static Analysis
2. Dynamic analysis
i. Response Spectrum Method
ii. Time History Method
iii. Pushover Analysis
1. Static Analysis:
It is known as equivalent static force method. In this method, the base shear is calculated
from the weight of building. Earthquake forces are calculated in normalized way in this
method. Live loads and dead loads are considered according to the norms and distributed
along in each storey.

2. Dynamic Analysis:
Dynamic analysis shall be performed to obtain the design seismic force, and its
distribution in different levels along the height of the building, and in the various lateral
load resisting element.

Regular Buildings:
Those greater than 40m in height in zones IV and V, those greater than 90m in
height in zone II and III.
Irregular Building:
All framed buildings higher than 12m in zones IV and V, and those greater than
40m in height in zones II and III.

i. Response Spectrum method:

The word spectrum in engineering conveys the idea that the response of
buildings having a broad range of periods is summarized in a single graph.
This method shall be performed using the design spectrum specified in
code or by a site-specific design spectrum for a structure prepared at a
project site. The values of damping for building may be taken as 2 and 5
percent of the critical, for the purposes of dynamic of steel and reinforce
concrete buildings, respectively. For most buildings, inelastic response can
be expected to occur during a major earthquake, implying that an inelastic
analysis is more proper for design. However, in spite of the availability of
 nonlinear inelastic programs, they are not used in typical design practice
because:
1- Their proper use requires knowledge of their inner workings and
theories. Design criteria, and
2- Result produced are difficult to interpret and apply to traditional design
criteria, and
3- The necessary computations are expensive.
ii. Time History Analysis:
The usage of this method shall be on an appropriate ground motion and
shall be performed using accepted principles of dynamics. In this method,
the mathematical model of the building is subjected to accelerations from
earthquake records that represent the expected earthquake at the base of
the structure.