International Conference on Microelectronics, Communication and Renewable Energy (ICMiCR-2013)

Transient Stability Analysis of Wind Integrated Power Systems with Storage

Using Central Area Controller
Anju G Pillai1, Thomas P C2, Sreerenjini K3, Sarin Baby4, Tibin Joseph5 and Sasidharan Sreedharan6

1,2,3
PG Scholar, Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, INDIA
4
Asst. Professor, Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, INDIA
5
Asst. Professor, Saintgits College of Engineering, INDIA
6
Professor, Vidya Academy of Science & Technology, INDIA

software (developed in about 2004-2005) employing the

AbstractIt is widely accepted that transient stability is an
important aspect in designing and upgrading electric power
system. This paper covers the modeling and the transient stability
analysis of the wind integrated IEEE 14 test bus system. This
paper investigates the enhancement of transient stability using
central area controller in a wind integrated power system with
storage. Wind energy is gaining the most interest among a variety
of renewable energy resources and this requires energy storage
because it is necessary to get a smooth output from a wind
turbine. A battery energy storage system is connected to the
system which enhances the voltage levels in weak buses. The
combined action of battery storage and area controller enhances
the transient stability of the entire system. The analysis is done
with power system analysis toolbox (PSAT), a powerful toolbox
in MATLAB for power system analysis. The evaluation is
illustrated by conducting two case studies, modified IEEE-14 bus
system and central travancore grid. It was observed that addition
of area controller improves the system stability and thereby the
power system performance.
KeywordsPower system modeling, Wind integrated model,
Power system stability, Transient stability, Area controller.
1. INTRODUCTION
excellent matrix-oriented computation techniques of
MATLAB. Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) is an
open source Matlab and GNU/Octave-based software package
for analysis and design of small to medium size electric power
systems. PSAT includes power flow, continuation power flow,
optimal power flow, small-signal stability analysis, and time-
domain simulation, as well as several static and dynamic
models, including nonconventional loads, synchronous and
asynchronous machines, regulators, and FACTS. PSAT is also
provided with a complete set of user-friendly graphical
interfaces and a Simulink-based editor of one-line network
diagrams [7].
The aim of the investigation is to analyze the behaviour of
the synchronous machine in particular the angular position of
the rotor with respect to time after the fault occurs in the
system. Section 2 describes the stability of power systems.
The case study of wind integrated IEEE-14 bus system and the
results from the case study are presented in section 3 and
section 4 respectively. Section 5 concludes the paper.
The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of
central area controller on the transient stability analysis of a
wind incorporated IEEE 14 bus system with storage.

Power-system stability is a term applied to alternating-

current electric power systems, denoting a condition in which
the various synchronous machines of the system remain in
synchronism, or "in step," with each other. Conversely,
instability denotes a condition involving loss of synchronism,
or falling "out of step." Occurrence of a fault in a power
system causes transients. To stabilize the system load flow
analysis is done. Actually in practice the fault generally occurs
in the load side. As we controlling load side which will lead to
complex problem in order to avoid that we are controlling the
generator side.
The Central Travancore grid considered in this paper is a
large network which extends over four districts Alapuzha,
Pathanamthitta, Idukki and Kottayam in Kerala. Major
generating stations are Idukki and Sabarigiri Hydro Power
Plants, Kayamkulam Thermal Power Plant, Brahmapuram
Diesel Power Plant and Ramakkelmedu wind farm. Among Figure1. IEEE 14 bus system
the different voltage levels in the transmission and distribution
grid system the highest is 220 kV which is stepped down to
110 kV in the substations.
The simulations are performed using Power System
Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) which is a comparatively newer
978-1-4673-5149-2/13/$31.00 2013 IEEE
 International Conference on Microelectronics, Communication and Renewable Energy (ICMiCR-2013)
2. TRANSIENT STABILITY OF POWER SYSTEMS
Among the large disturbances which could affect the
transient stability of the system, short circuits and possibly
subsequent tripping of the faulted transmission line are the
most common. Instability which may a rises from these severe
disturbances is often characterized by a constantly increasing
angular separation without any periodicity. This kind of
behavior is often referred to as first swing instability. As it is
the case in small signal stability non oscillatory unstable
behavior was largely eliminated by the widespread use of fast
acting regulators [14].
2.1 Modeling of power system components
Modified IEEE 14-bus system with wind integration and
central area controller has been used in this paper for the
analysis. Later case study is conducted by modeling Central
Travancore grid and incorporating central area controller.
IEEE 14-bus system has been modeled and the power flow
results are verified with the standard values.
2.2 Secondary Voltage Control
A Secondary Voltage Control is included in PSAT by
means of a Central Area Controller (CAC) which controls the
voltage at a pilot bus, and Cluster Controllers (CC), which
compare the CAC signal with the reactive power generated by
synchronous machines and/or SVCs and modify the reference
voltages of AVRs and SVCs. Fig.2 represents the secondary
voltage control scheme.
Figure2. Secondary voltage control scheme
3. WIND INTEGRATED POWER SYSTEM WITH
STORAGE
There has been a growing interest in renewable green
energy resources because of its advantages like cleanliness,
cheapness etc. Among these renewable resources, wind energy
has grown rapidly as an important electricity source. Wind
turbines used with fixed speed induction generators provide a
cost effective solution for wind power generation. The battery
storage was used for suppressing the variations in wind farm
output to stabilize the short fluctuations of output[9].The bulk
energy storage is for managing wind power fluctuation which
provide increase requirement for reserve, enhance the wind
power absorption, achieve fuel cost savings [10].
The area controller and battery energy storage for fixed
speed wind generator to improve the power quality and
stability for power system[11]-[12].The increase in the
penetration of wind generation into the power system will
increase further due to the use of variable speed wind
generation to accommodate the maximum power in the power
system. Thus it promotes wind generating system through
battery energy storage in todays scenario. The battery storage
provides a rapid response for either charging or discharging
the battery thus it acts as a constant voltage source in the
power system. The battery storage is effective when wind
speed output fluctuations are high particularly at speed just
below the normal operating speed. Hence output smoothing is
strongly depending on battery storage capability. The system
is efficient and economical to strengthen the power system.
4. TEST SYSTEM
Bus 13
Bus 14
Bus 10
Bus 12
Bus 09
Bus 11
Bus 07
Bus 06
Bus 08
Bus 04
Bus 05
Bus 01
Bus 02
Bus1
Bus 03
Figure3. Modified IEEE 14 bus test system
Modified IEEE14-bus system used is as shown in figure 3.
 International Conference on Microelectronics, Communication and Renewable Energy (ICMiCR-2013)

Bus-2 is PV bus and 3, 6 and 8 are synchronous compensator

buses. Loads were modeled as constant power loads (PQ 3.5
load). A wind farm is integrated at bus 3 and storage system in Syn 1
bus 4.The system performance is assessed in terms of rotor 3
Syn 2
angle deviation of the system and speed signals. Time domain
2.5 Syn 3
analysis has been considered. Other factors considered are
Syn 4
voltage settings of PV buses and synchronous compensators. 2
Syn 5
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 1.5

1
The results are analyzed by conducting two case studies.
The first step is to analyze the effect of a three phase fault in 0.5
line 1-2 on rotor angle deviation of the system and the second
is the implementation of central area controller and analysis on 0
the same. The proposed concept has been tested on wind
-0.5
incorporated IEEE14-bus system as shown in figure 3. Bus-2
is PV bus and 3, 6 and 8 are synchronous compensator buses. -1
Loads were modeled as constant power loads (PQ load) and
were solved by using Newton Raphson Power flow Routine. -1.5
0 5 10 15 20
The time domain simulations were done in PSAT/MATLAB time (s)
[7] integrated environment.
Figure 6. Rotor angle deviations of the test system with controller
Three phase fault is applied in 0.6 sec and critical clearing
time is obtained as 1.2 sec. Time domain simulations on the
test system are done and the rotor angle deviations obtained
are shown below. 1.06
Syn 1
1.05 Syn 2
1.5
Syn 3
1.04
1 Syn 4
1.03 Syn 5
0.5
1.02
0
1.01
-0.5
Syn 1 1
-1
Syn 2
0.99
-1.5 Syn 3
Syn 4
0.98
-2
Syn 5
0.97
-2.5 0 5 10 15 20
time (s)
-3
0 5 10 15 20 Figure 7. Speed deviations of the test system with controller
time (s)

From the simulation results shown in figure 6 and figure

Figure 5. Rotor angle deviations of the test system without controller
7, it is clear that rotor angle deviation settles and stability of
the system is regained by the incorporation of central area
From figure 5 it can be seen that because of the effect of controller in wind integrated IEEE 14-bus test system.
three phase fault, rotor angles are much deviated and the
system remains in unstable state.
 International Conference on Microelectronics, Communication and Renewable Energy (ICMiCR-2013)
5.1 Real System
2

1.5
Ayarkunnam MRF
Chingavanam Thrikodithanam Mallapally Chengannur

Pala
1

0.5
Chengalam
Brahmapuram Pallom 1

0
Punnapra

Pallom
-0.5 Syn 1
Syn 2
Bus1 -1
Syn 3
Syn 4
Sabarigiri

-1.5
Kayamkulam Syn 5
Idukki -2

-2.5
0 5 10 15 20
time (s)

Figure 9. Rotor angle deviations of real system with controller

Figure 8. Central Travancore Grid of Kerala system with wind energy and
storage
1.1
Syn 1

The real system was modeled with the entire hydro, thermal 1.08 Syn 2
diesel and the wind farms. The figure 8 shows the modeled Syn 3
real system. The real system is modeled and simulated for the
1.06
small signal stability analysis and voltage stability analysis
with the help of PSAT. The model consists of fifteen buses
loads and generators are connected to these buses. The Pallom 1.04
substation consists of a 40 MVAR compensator. The power
flow results give all the bus voltages for different loads. The 1.02
battery storage is added to the weakest bus in the system. The
weakest bus is found from the power flow analysis done by
1
increasing the loads in each bus. By the addition of the battery
storage in the grid the voltage instability in the bus could be
avoided and the overall performance of the system could be 0.98
increased further. Time domain simulations are done and rotor
angle deviations and speed variations are noted. 0.96
0 5 10 15 20
time (s)

Figure 10. Speed deviations of real system with controller

Considering Central Travancore grid in Kerala, a wind

integrated power system; action of central area controller on
the transient stability was proved. Results of simulations of the
test system are shown in figure 9 and figure 10. System
performance of the entire grid could be enhanced by the
implementation of area controller.
 International Conference on Microelectronics, Communication and Renewable Energy (ICMiCR-2013)
6. CONCLUSION

In this paper, a new concept has been proposed for the

transient stability analysis of power systems. Central Area
controller has been used to acquire the transient stability of the
test system considered. The results are verified on wind
integrated IEEE 14-bus system and Central Travancore Kerala
grid.

7. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr Federico Milano,
for his excellent simulation software PSAT.

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