Sample Computation:

DATA
d1 = 25mm or 0.025m h1 = 134mm or 0.134m
d2 = 18mm or 0.018m h2 = 24mm or 0.024m
dinside = 143.05mm or 0.14305m hwater = 40cm or 0.40m
time = 21.87sec Cd = 0.685

RESULTS

h = h1 - h2 v = (/4)(dinside)2(hwater)
h = 0.134m - 0.024m v = (/4)(0.14305m)2(0.40m)
h = 0.11m v = 6.4287x10-3m3

Qvm = (3.479)(d2)2((h / [1/(d2/d1)4])) Qvt = v / t

Qvm = (3.479)(0.018m)2((0.11m / Qvt = 6.4287x10-3m3 / 21.87s
[1/(0.018m/0.025m)4])) Qvt = 2.9395x10-4m3/s
Qvm = 2.9947x10-4m3/s

%diff = [(Qvt - Qvm) / Qvm] x 100%

%diff = [(2.9395x10-4m3/s - 2.9947x10-4m3/s) / 2.9947x10-4m3/s] x 100%
%diff = 1.84%
Photos of Setup:
Analysis and Interpretation of Data and Result:
Based on the result obtained, the value of height of water inside the volumetric tank of
each group is almost the same at the value of 0.11m. Maximum height of water inside
the volumetric tank leads to maximum volume, otherwise got the minimum values of
volume. In terms of time group 1 got the maximum elapsed of time which is also a
factor to have a maximum value of volume of water. And because there is a difference
in flow rate and the diameter of the volumetric tank used of different groups, there are
large volume with a minimum values of time.
Among the 8 groups that had performed the experiment of the group 6 got the
minimum value of percentage of difference which is 0.075 percent only. While the
group 7 got the biggest maximum value of percentage of difference which is 2.71
percent. And our group got a percent difference of 1.84 percent. The following error can
be explained due as a result of human error and measurement fluctuations. Some
possible sources of error in this experiment are the person timing the flow not starting
or stopping on time and the person placing the weight doing it too early or slightly late.

Conclusion:
In this experiment, the rate of discharge with the use of venture meter was determined. The
working of venturi meter is based on the principle of Bernoullis equation. Bernoullis Equation
states that in a steady, ideal flow of an incompressible fluid, the total energy at any point of
the fluid is constant. The total energy consists of pressure energy, kinetic energy and potential
energy or datum energy.
For measuring discharge we should apply Bernoullis Equation at point 1 and at point 2.
The following treatment is limited to incompressible fluids. Friction is neglected , the meter is
assumed to be horizontal and there is no pump. If v1 and v2 are the average velocities at point
1 and point 2 respectively and is the density of fluid. Furthermore the coefficient of discharge
values for the Venturi are larger, causing a greater increase in the pressure of the fluid passing
through it. In this experiment, we enlightened ourselves with a deeper understanding of the
Bernoullis equation along with the core principles of fluid mechanics and hydraulics.
Abstract:

This experiment has enlightened our understanding on determining the rate of discharge,
the actual and theoretical flow rates and the operation of venture meter.
All group members were present and actively partook of the experiment which was
conducted in the Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics Laboratory on 17th of July, 2017.
The laboratory exercise cant be conduct without the guidance of our instructor. He gave us
the instruction of what we will do for us to complete this laboratory exercise, the list of
equipment, and the procedures. In this lab exercise, we used the Venturi Meter which a device
used for measuring the rate of flow of a fluid flowing through a pipe. We also used the metric
scale, the graduated cylinder, the stopwatch, and the vernier caliper.
Before the discussion, our instructor is already setup the Venturi meter and it already
connected to a water source through a hose. He open the outlet and allow water to flow
through the Venturi meter until the flow become steady. The d1 and d2 are 25mm and 18mm
respectively.
After the lecture and after we get the apparatus. We started to do the laboratory exercise.
We collect some amount of water flowing from the Venturi meter into a graduated cylinder. By
the use of stopwatch, we record the time elapse during the collection. The water we collect is
more than a half of the graduated cylinder. While we are doing the exercise, we take some
pictures for our final report. And then we measure the h which is 0.11m. We get the inside
diameter of cylinder which have a length of 0.14305 m and the height of water in cylinder
which have a length of 0.4 m. And a time of 21.87 seconds. After the exercise, we return the
apparatus and started to compute for the Volume, the rate of discharge through a venturi
meter, the rate of discharge through a volumetric tank, and the Percent Difference.

We get 6.4287x10-3 m3/s for Volume, 2.9947x10-4 m3/s for rate of discharge through a
venturi meter, 2.935x10-3 m3/s, and our Percent Difference is 1.84%.
It can therefore be concluded that the experiment was not very successful.
Answers to Answer the following:

1.) sol.
Q = Cd(A2)(v2)
V2 = 2gh (A_1/(A_1^2- A_2^2 ))
V2 = (2(9.81m/s^2)(0.32m)) ((/4 (0.25)^2)/(/4 (0.25)^2- /4 (0.18)^2 ))
V2 = 2.48 m/s

Q = (0.70)(/4 (0.18)^2 )(2.48 m/s)

Q = 0.0442 m3/s

2.) It incur more headloss in vinturi meter which has smaller value of coefficient of discharge
which is the 0.65. According to Bernoullis energy equation, energy in must be equal to energy
out. Coefficient of discharge is the ratio of actual discharge over the theoretical discharge. If
the value of actual discharge is very much smaller compared to the theoretical discharge it
means that more headloss incur. Smaller value of actual discharge compared to theoretical
discharge will result to smaller coefficient of discharge.