Rizka Mulyawan 27998258 Assignment 5

1. a.

= 121 , 221 , 321 , . . , 2021

For A;
1
= 20 2 20
=1 83.2 and = 201 =1(
)

2
= 9.96 (83.2, 9.96), (0, 1)

j x p Z1-p j x p Z1-p
1 78 0.0476 -1.67 11 83 0.5238 0.06
2 79 0.0952 -1.31 12 84 0.5714 0.18
3 79 0.1429 -1.07 13 85 0.6190 0.30
4 80 0.1905 -0.88 14 85 0.6667 0.43
5 80 0.2381 -0.71 15 85 0.7143 0.57
6 81 0.2857 -0.57 16 86 0.7619 0.71
7 81 0.3333 -0.43 17 87 0.8095 0.88
8 82 0.3810 -0.30 18 87 0.8571 1.07
9 82 0.4286 -0.18 19 88 0.9048 1.31
10 83 0.4762 -0.06 20 89 0.9524 1.67

q-q Plot

q-q plot A
2.00

1.50

1.00

0.50

0.00
77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91
-0.50

-1.00

-1.50

-2.00
Rizka Mulyawan 27998258 Assignment 5

For B;
1
= 20 2 20
=1 = 79.7 and = 201 =1(
)

2
= 9.11 (79.7, 9.11), (0, 1)

j x p Z1-p j x p Z1-p
1 75 0.0476 -1.67 11 80 0.5238 0.06
2 76 0.0952 -1.31 12 80 0.5714 0.18
3 76 0.1429 -1.07 13 80 0.6190 0.30
4 77 0.1905 -0.88 14 81 0.6667 0.43
5 77 0.2381 -0.71 15 81 0.7143 0.57
6 78 0.2857 -0.57 16 82 0.7619 0.71
7 78 0.3333 -0.43 17 83 0.8095 0.88
8 78 0.3810 -0.30 18 84 0.8571 1.07
9 78 0.4286 -0.18 19 85 0.9048 1.31
10 79 0.4762 -0.06 20 86 0.9524 1.67

q-q Plot

q-q plot B
2.00

1.50

1.00

0.50

0.00
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88
-0.50

-1.00

-1.50

-2.00

It is reasonable to assume that the two samples come from normal population.

b. = 0.05
0 : 2 = 2 , 1 : 2 2
1/2, 1,1 = 1/0.025,19,19 = 0.469, /2, 1,1 = 0.025,19,19 = 2.13
2 2
= / = 9.96/9.11 = 1.0933 < 2.13 = 0.025,19,19 and 1.0933 > 0.469 = 1/0.025,19,19
The variances between alloy A and alloy B cannot be claimed to be different at 95% level
of confidence.

c. = 0.01; unknown variance, equal

0 : = , 1 : >
2
( 1) 2
+ ( 1) (101)9.96 + (101)9.11
2 = = = 9.535; = 3.088
+ 2 10 + 102
( )( )
= , if = , = 0
1 + 1
Rizka Mulyawan 27998258 Assignment 5

(83.2 79.7 )
= = 2.534
3.088110 + 110
, + 2 = 0.01,18 = 2.552 > 2.534
There is no enough evidence to show that alloy B is stronger than alloy A.

2.

a.

Water Vapor Pressure

800
700
Pressure (mm Hg)

600
500
400
300
200
100
0
273 283 293 303 313 323 333 343 353 363 373
Temperature (K)

b.
y = ln P, = 4.349
x = 1/T, = 0.00312
0 +
= 1
1
11 11 11
=1 11 (=1 )(=1 )

1 = =
1
11 2 11
=1 11 (=1 )
2
1
0.144068 (0.034388)(47.83821)
1 =
= 11
1 = -4130.984
0.0001086 (0.00118)
11
0 =
1 = 4.349 - (-4130.984) 0.00312 = 17.238
= . .

Rizka Mulyawan 27998258 Assignment 5

Clausius - Clapeyron Model

7

4
ln P

0
0.0026 0.0028 0.003 0.0032 0.0034 0.0036 0.0038
1/T

3.

a.

Sample Reinforcing Bar

30

25
Strength (MPa)

20

15

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Carbonation Depth (mm)
 Rizka Mulyawan 27998258 Assignment 5

b.
y = strength, = 15.872
x = depth, = 36.61
0 +
= 1
1
18 18 11
=1 18 (=1 )(=1 )
1 =
=
1 2
18 2 18
=1 18 (=1 )

1
9073.95 (659)(285.7)
1 =
= 18
1 = - 0.2863
28967.5 (434281)
18
0 =
1 = 15.872 - (- 0.2863) 36.61 = 26.353
= . .

Sample Reinforcing Bar

30

25
Strength (MPa) y

20

15

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Carbonation Depth (mm) x

18
=1
2
c. 2 = = = 10.82931
2 2
=

x 8 15 16.5 20 20 27.5 30 30 35
24.0626 22.0585 21.6291 20.627 20.627 18.4798 17.764 17.764 16.3325
e -1.2626 4.1415 2.07095 -2.527 0.873 0.12025 66.6509 21.4925 8.5996

x 38 40 45 50 50 55 55 59 65
15.4736 14.901 13.4695 12.038 12.038 1.6065 10.6065 9.4613 7.7435
e 4.0264 -2.501 -0.2695 -0.638 -1.738 3.4935 -0.9065 2.5387 -0.9435

= / 2 ;
x 8 15 16.5 20 20 27.5 30 30 35
-0.38368 1.258512 0.629317 -0.7679 0.265286 0.0365541 -2.48086 1.408779 -0.89112
 Rizka Mulyawan 27998258 Assignment 5

x 38 40 45 50 50 55 55 59 65
1.223535 -0.76 -0.0819 -0.19387 -0.52814 1.061599 -0.27547 0.771456 -0.28671

For ds values out of the interval in between -2 and 2 are outliers; x = 30, y = 9.6 is
outlier.
The data without outlier; x =
8 15 16.5 20 20 27.5 30 35 38
40 45 50 50 55 55 59 65

= 16.24118
1
17
=1 17 (17 11
=1 )(=1 )
1 =
=
1
17 2 17
=1 17 (=1 )
2

1
8785.95 (629)(276.1)

1 = = 17 = 0.29821
1
28067.5 (395641)
17
0 =
1 = 16.24118 ( 0.29821)35.25 = 26.7531
= . .

d.

Sample Reinforcing Bar

30

25
Strength (MPa) y

20

15

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Carbonation Depth (mm) x

e. x = 60 mm
= . . () = .

Rizka Mulyawan 27998258 Assignment 5

4.

a. n = 4, D3 = 0, D4 = 2.282
= 0.44 (average of the ranges)
= 4 = 2.282 0.44 = 1.00408
= = 0.44
= 3 = 0

R chart
1.2

0.8

0.6
r

0.4

0.2

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Sample number

b. n = 4, A2 = 0.729
= 0.44 (average of the ranges)
= 19.3875 (average of the means)
Rizka Mulyawan 27998258 Assignment 5

= + 2 = 19.3875 + 0.729 0.44 = 19.70826

= = 19.3875
= 2 = 19.3875 0.729 0.44 = 19.06674

Xbar Chart
20.5

20

19.5
Averages

19

18.5

18

17.5

17
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Samples