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Inductors
Magnetic core
Faradays law
Faradays law was introduced in Chapter 7 and repeated
here because of its importance to inductors.
Lenzs law
Lenzs law was also introduced in Chapter 7 and is an
extension of Faradays law, defining the direction of the
induced voltage:
Lenzs law
A basic circuit to demonstrate Lenzs law is shown.
Initially, the SW is open and there is a small
current in the circuit through L and R1.
L
SW
+
VS R1 R2
+
Lenzs law
L
SW
+
+
VS R1 R2
+
Initially, the meter
reads same current
as before the switch
was closed.
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition 2010 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle
Floyd/Buchla River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter 11
1
Lenzs law
+
VS R1 R2
+
Later, the meter
reads a higher
current because of
the load change.
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition 2010 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle
Floyd/Buchla River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter 11
1
Types of inductors
There are a variety of inductors, depending on the
amount of inductance required and the application.
Some, with fine wires, are encapsulated and may
appear like a resistor.
N 2 A
L
l
150 t 2.5 104 Wb/At-m 7.85 105 m2
2
0.02 m
22 mH
Series inductors
When inductors are connected in series, the total
inductance is the sum of the individual inductors.
The general equation for inductors in series is
LT L1 L2 L3 ...Ln
If a 1.5 mH inductor is
L
1 L
2
connected in series with
an 680 H inductor, the 1
.
5 m
H 6
80
H
total inductance is 2.18 mH
Parallel inductors
When inductors are connected in parallel, the total
inductance is smaller than the smallest one. The
general equation for inductors in parallel is
1
LT
1 1 1 1
...
L1 L2 L3 LT
Parallel inductors
L1 L2
1.5mH 680H
0 t
Current after switch closure
Inductive reactance
Inductive reactance
When inductors are in series, the total reactance is the sum of the
individual reactances. That is,
X L(tot ) X L1 X L2 X L3 X Ln
Inductive reactance
When inductors are in parallel, the total reactance is the reciprocal of
the sum of the reciprocals of the individual reactances. That is,
1
X L(tot )
1 1 1 1
X L1 X L2 X L3 X Ln
If the three 220 H inductors from the last example are placed
in parallel with the 455 kHz ac source, what is the total
reactance?
The reactance of each inductor is 629 W
1 1
X L(tot ) 210 W
1 1 1 1 1 1
+ +
X L1 X L2 X L3 629 W 629 W 629 W
Power in an inductor
True Power: Ideally, inductors do not dissipate power.
However, a small amount of power is dissipated in
winding resistance given by the equation:
Ptrue = (Irms)2RW
Reactive Power: Reactive power is a measure of the rate
at which the inductor stores and returns energy. One form
of the reactive power equation is:
Pr=VrmsIrms
The unit for reactive power is the VAR.
Q of a coil
The quality factor (Q) of a coil is given by the ratio of
reactive power to true power.
I2XL
Q 2
I RW
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
d. 3.70 s
Answers:
1. d 6. a
2. b 7. b
3. d 8. a
4. c 9. c
5. d 10. a