Evolution of Pakistan's Foreign Policy (1947 2012)

1. 1. Main Themes ofPakistan Foreign Policy1. National Security2. Economic Interest3. Islamic
Solidarity4. Peaceful Co-existence5. Non Alignment6. Bilateralism7. United Nations

2. 2. Evolution from 1947-CurrentFirst phase 1947-53:Exploration andFriendship withAll 1953-

62:Alignment withthe WestSecond phase 1962-71:Transition 1972-79:Bilateralism
andNonalignment 1980-90:Afghanistan andPartnership withthe UnitedStatesThird Phase
1990-2001: PostCold War Eraand PakistansDilemmas 2001 Onwards:CounterTerrorism

3. 3. First Phase1. 1947-53: Exploration and Friendship with All2. 1953-62: Alignment with the
West

4. 4. 1947 1953: Exploration andFriendship with all Foundations of the Foreign Policy Relations
with India Relations with Afghanistan Relations with U.S.A and U.S.S.R Relations with Muslim
Countries

5. 5. 1953-62: Alignment with the West Alignment with the West Mutual Defence Assistance
Agreement SEATO The Baghdad Pact / CENTO Defence and Economic Assistance from the
U.S. Cost of Alignment with the West Relations with China

6. 6. Second Phase1. 1962-71: Transition2. 1972-79: Bilateralism and Nonalignment3. 1980-90:

Afghanistan and Partnership withthe United States

7. 7. 1962- 1971 Transition Rethinking about the Alignment Policy Improving Relations with the
Soviet Union Improving Relations with China Diminishing Ties with the U.S. Pluralistic
Perspective Relations with India Crisis in East Pakistan and International Response

8. 8. 1972- 1979 Bilateralism andNonalignment Pakistan withdrew from commonwealth and

SEATO Became a member of NON-allied summit in 1979 East Pakistan break up as a separate
state India signed a peace agreement with Pakistan due to thisbreak up Pakistan ties their
relationship with China . Zulficar Ali Bhutto visited to Russia to strengthen theirrelationship.
Bhutto also visited United states with intentionto strengthen the relationship between two
countries. Due to Pakistans nuclear project and Burning down USembassy in 1979 their
relationship was put to the lowest point

9. 9. 1980-1990 Afghanistan andPartnership with the United States Pakistan supported

Afganistan in Soviet invasion Pakistan hosted Afgan refugees during this war However due to
soviet invasion USA supported Pakistan with military andfinance. ISI of Pakistan and CIA of USA
worked together in this period. China also assisted Pakistan during Afgan war with regard to
financial andsecurity matters Organization of Islamic conference supported Pakistan with
finance forhosting refugees of afgan war During Afgan war Indo Pakistan relationship existed
with negative andpositive manner Putting ending to the Afgan war Pakistan , Russia , USA and
Afganistansigned Geneva accord which was a result of United nation interference

10. 10. Third Phase1. 1990-2001: Post Cold War Era and PakistansDilemmas2. 2001 Onwards:
Counter Terrorism
11. 11. 1990-2001: Post Cold War Era andPakistans Dilemmas Another Drift in Pak-US Relations
Continuation of the Afghanistan Problem Insurgency in Kashmir Going Nuclear

12. 12. 2001 Onwards: Counter Terrorism September 11 and Fight Against Terrorism Increased
U.S. Support Pakistans Relations with China and Russia Muslim World and Pakistan Drone
strikes and covert warfare , national espionage

13. 13. Concluding RemarksPakistan Foreign Minister Hina Rabbani Khar speaks out on U.S. relations
on CNN ,2013(00:02.15 mins)