Air Filteration

FCB30602 Practical Work 1
Title: Air Filtration
Acknowledgement
The practical work 1 (FCB30602) subject is regarded as an academic research with scientific
approach within the area of specialization offered by Malaysia France Institute. We follow the
schedule that be given by our lecturer to do the practical work task. This subject very
important for student ACIR courses.
This subject supervise by Mr.Siroji as lecturer for this subject. We follow the sillibus for the
practical work 1. Our first task is to do the Air filtration at D005, we learn about the air
filter, airbone partical counter, take the data, and many more about the important of Air
Filtration. For this task it is very important and required to Indoor Air Quality for building and
we have to refer the class of filters. Is not just install the filters, we have to know about the
building for what and the function such as hospital or phermautical. Thats why we said and
this air filtration is important.
We have to learn more and in details about this task because for this task is just to introduce
the air filtration for us and as a students this is our responsibility to understand the task and
this subject. Thank you very much to our lecturer Mr.Siroji because guide the procedure of air
filtration and show us about the references. We also want to apoligize to Mr.Siraji if we do
something bad and mistake in class and somewhere, because the normal people not escape
from mistake. Thank you again for the knowlegde in air filtration.
1 Note: 1 Pascal (Pa) 1 N/m2 1 J/m3 1 kg/(ms2)

1.0 Introduction
1.1 Introduction of Air Filtration
The purpose of air filtration is to remove contaminants, dust, bacteria, pollen

from the air. Air filtration is important because of air quality of ventilation system.
Air filtration must have monthly service because to avoid clogged by contaminants.
Clean filter intercepts particles such as dust and fibers that build up on the blower
fan, the heating and cooling coils.
The air filter also will cause pressure drop, this presurre drop can be measured
by using Pitot tube and pressure gauge. This is because the air filter need to be
change when the screening efficiency air is drop, or the surface air filter is dirty.
Other than that, this air filter system can be test for the positive and negative pressure
air inside the duct. To measure these pressures, pressure gauge can be use as a device
to measure it.
1.2 Objective
i. To analyze standard of air filtration by ASHRAE. From this learning we have know
the standard which can be used for design.
ii. To identify the airborne particle counter and static pressure and measure, calculate
of the filters data. We will learn how to use the equipment and how to calculate the
static pressure, volume flow rate, filter and many more about the air filtration.
iii. To learning the type of filtration and performance. From this objective we will learn
and know about Hepa filter, primary filter and secondary filter. Beside that we will
learn the filter efficiency and pressure drop through the filter.
iv. To study that we use filter will reduce dust, bacteria, viruses and other are harmless
to human and provide fresh air to human. We will know the function of filter and the
suitable class for design.

1.3 Literature Review
Before the experiment, we have to know what is the air filtration and why air filtration
is important in the HVAC system. In this task, we learn how to calculate Total Pressure ,
Volume flowrate, Fan Power Input, and Filter Efficiency. By John D Spengler (indoor air
quality handbook)Air filtration system usually incorporate more than one type of filter.For the
system have a many type filter used. There basic are usually have three stages; the first being
the primary stage in which larger airborne particles,a secondary stage in which smaller
particles and the final stage high efficiency (HEPA) filters are used for fine particle capture.
According by Guide to the HVAC&R Second Edition by Robert Featherstone the air
flow in the air filtration are very important part to get a fresh air and return air to the
building.There are many type to measure in the air filtration and also many type of equipment
to use daily. Every measurement has to use correctly to take air every part in the air filtration
system.Pressure in a air filtration also very important.To get a total pressure the total pressure
in air filtration system is follow the equation formula. The main purpose of a HVAC system
invented is to help maintain a good indoor air quality (IAQ) through proper ventilation with
suitable filtration and provided thermal comfort. In addition, to atmospheric dust, airborne
particulates can include pollen, mold (fungal) spores, animal dander, insect proteins,
pesticides, lead and infectious bacteria and viruses.
By NIOSH (April 2003)The filter can remove or reduce a variety of contaminants

from a building airborne environment to reduce air all hanging upon the nature of the
contaminants. Airborne contaminants are gases, vapors or aerosols. that important to ensure
all dust, bacteria, viruses and other can reduce by filter. beside that, to remove a contaminant
depends upon the characteristics of the specific gas or vapor and other factors. If the filter
must be have more high conditions because aerosols small sized particles.

According by Mueller environmental Designs lncthe smallest particle that human can
see by the eye less than 10 microns.The human can see 10 micron particle must perfect 20/20
vision in the darkened room to see particle with a high intensity and have light beam at a
narrow place.As a human, the particle cannot be see is less than 30 microns
particle.Thenormal environment the dust must have 0.01 grain per thousand cubic feet of the
concentrations.
The industry or city, the invironment of the dust must have 0.4 to 4.0 grains per
thousand cubic feet for the concentrations.For the very extremed not good for invironment is
300 grains per thousand cubic feet for the concentration.From the invironment,the ratio is
about 30000:1 for the concertration.The size of particle in dirty things and normally has use in
micron ,in metric unit.Have 25,400 micron in one inch.The eye can see the particles about 40
microns.
we use formula:
i) To find the total pressure:
TS = SP+VP
Where:
TS= Total Pressure (Pa)
SP=Static Pressure (Pa)
VP=Velocity Pressure (Pa)

ii) Volume Flow Rate formula
Q=AV
Where:
Q=Volume Flow Rate(m/s)
A=Area of duct (m)
V=Average velocity (m/s)
iii) Fan Power Input

W=Q*SP
Where:
W=Fan power input (kW)
Q=Air flow rate (m/s)
SP=Static pressure (Pa)
iv) Filter Efficiency

100% - ( 100%)


1.3.1 HEPA Filter
Each HEPA filter has a minimum efficiency of 99.97% on 0.3 micrometer sizes particles
when tested at rated capacity on a Q-107 Penetrometer. Each filter is challenged with an
approved nearly monodispersed oil aerosol of 0.3 micrometer size and by measuring the
upstream and downstream conceration of these particles with a light scattering photometer,
the penetration can be determined and the efficiency can be calculated.
Comparison of EU standards to ASHRAE 52.1, 52.2 (MERV) Ratings
Standard European Filter Classfication
Filter General Properties Class Effect Applications
In general: EU1 Protects against insects Window unit

Produced in and fibers. Heat exchangers
synthetic fibers Limited effect against Air heaters
Efficient for larger pollen Fiber filters in textile
particles > 4-5 mm (<70%) industry
Air speed <2.5 m/s Ineffective against smoke
Start pressure drop and blacking particles
approximately 50 Pa
Final pressure drop
Basic approximately 150
Filters Pa EU2 Effective against larger Heating and cooling
pollen (>85%) and larger units in electrical
atmospheric dust. Limited transformers garages
effect against dust and industrial halls
blacking particles. offices in industry.

EU3 Effective against larger Heating and cooling

pollen (>85%) and larger units in electrical
atmospheric dust. Limited transformers garages
effect against dust and industrial halls
blacking particles. offices in industry.
EU4 Limited effect against dust In addition to EU3

and blacking particles. kitchens and spray
paint work shops
Fine In general: EU5 Efffective against pollen Churches, sport halls,
Filters Produced in glass and finer atmospheric dust department stores,
fibers considerable effect against schools, hotels. Food
Efficient for smoke. No effect against stores
particles > 0.1 mm tobacco smoke
Air speed <2-3 m/s
Start pressure drop
approximately 50-
100 Pa
Final pressure drop
approximately 200 - EU6 As EU5 As EU5
250 Pa EU7 Effective against pollen As EU6 and food
and blacking dust. industry, laboratories,
theatres, hospital
rooms, data rooms.

EU8 Very effective against Operating Theatres,

particles and blacking. production rooms for
Very effective against fine optics and
microbes. Effective electronics. Hospital
against tobacco smoke examination rooms.
EU9 As EU8 As EU 8
2.0 System Criteria
2.1 Measurements Criteria
The air filtration systems particle counters data should be in exact

measurement in order to calculate the exact pressure drop, wind speed and particle
counters, then we can evaluate the systems data with the standard air filtration.
Figure 1.1 Air filtration system side view

The figures 1.1 shows an air filtration system with the length of 0.755m, height of
0.455m and the total area is 0.3435 m2. Its basic operation is by using a fan static pressure
and fan blade change of momentum to blow air through the air duct and through all three air
filters (HEPA filter, panel filter and secondary filter.)
This had installed in their respective filter housing. This system is located in room
D005 in block D of Malaysia France Institute and has a centrifugal fan which has a capacity
of 1000 cfm and 3.0 in. W.G static pressure. The fan speed is 2757 rpm and diameter of
200mm. This fan comes with a fan belt guard and the suction part of the fan is connected to
the air duct using canvas to minimize noise and vibration.
The duct is fabricated from Galvanized Iron Sheet metal of Gauge 24 fabricated and
constructed to the standards of SMACNA. At the suction side of the fan, there is one panel
filter (size: 24(W) x 12(H) x 4(D)) followed by a secondary panel filter (size: 24(W) x
12(H) x 4(D)). The panel filter is a washable type, meanwhile at the discharge side of the
fan, at the top section of the duct, there is a HEPA filter (size: 24(W) x 12(H) x 12(D)),
made of ultra-fine glass fiber media and complete with double rolled edges of aluminum,
epoxy resin polyurethane sealant and interlocked type gasket.
There are three pressure gauges, one of them is to measure the pressure drop across the
panel filter, the other is to measure the pressure drop across the secondary filter and HEPA
filter respectively. There are also five stainless steel ports into which the particle counter can
be inserted to obtain the reading of the particle counts before and after each filter.

2.2 Air Filter Criteria
Different application using different air filter and should have the capacity to
trap and hold contaminants. It also should be able to eliminate airborne particle
which negatively impacting humans health.
Figure 1.2 HEPA Filter

2.3.3 HEPA Filter
i. HEPA is High efficiency particulate absorbing or High effiency particulate

arrestance.
ii. These types of air filter can theoretically remove at least 99.97% of dust, pollen,
mold, bacteria and any airborne particle with size of 0.3 micrometers at 85Lpm
(liters per minute).
iii. Designed to target much smaller pollutants and particles.
iv. Using in food industry, cosmetics, hospitals, laboratories and other.
High efficiency particulate air(HEPA) filters are defined as having an initial efficiency
of 95-99.999%. The filters are made of pleated glass fibre paper, and the media air
velocity can be very low 0.02 m/s(depending on construction). HEPA filters are highly
efficient at collecting bacteria, radioactive dust and smoke. Typical applications are in
clean rooms, medical and other.
Figure 1.3 Primary Filters

2.3.4 Primary Filter
i. The media shall be of cotton / polyester blend, laminated to back layer of
expanded metal made of aluminized mild steel that does not trust.
ii. Features:
1) Collect 5 micron and larger particles.
2) Large airflow.

3) Low resistance.
4) Large dust holding capacity.
These are flat panel filters made with fibres. This type of filter is available in a
permanent or throw away style. They are characterised by low pressure drop/ low cost,
reasonable arrestance, but low efficiency. The most common media are glass fibres,
metallic wools.
Figure 1.4 Secondary Filters

2.3.5 Secondary Filter
i. The media shall be of 100% polypropylene fibers.
ii. The nature of the high loft, multi-layered microfiber media result in low initial
air resistance.
iii. The designed mixture of fibres with gradually different diameter ensures high
dust holding capacity.
iv. Capable to high humidity air.
v. Able to catch dust up to 620 gram/m2.
Extended surface filters are of the dry, replaceable medium type. The filter media is
made of cellulose, asbestos, glass fibre, wool, felt or synthetic material. The air passages
through the medium are smaller than those of the viscous impingement type filter and,
therefore, lower air velocities to avoid excessive resistances are necessary.

In order to obtain a large surface area relative to the cross sectional area, the medium
is usually pleated in accordion-form or formed in pockets. Secondary filter can be of the
extended media bag or pocket type.
Partical Size
The size of contaminants and particles are usually described in microns, a metric unit.
There are 25,400 microns in one inch. The eye can see particles to about 40microns.
The size of some contaminants and particles are indicated in the table.
particle Particle size (micron)

One inch 25400
Dot(.) 615
Eye of needle 1230
Glass wool 1000
Spanish moss pollen 150-750
Beach sand 100-10000
mist 70-350
fertilizer 10-1000
Cayenne papper 15-1000
Textile fibers 10-1000
Fibreglass insulation 1-1000
Grain dusts 5-1000
Human hair 40-300
Human hair 60-600
Dust mites 100-300
Saw dusts 30-600
Ground limestone 10-1000
Textile dust 6-20
Iron dust 4-20
Spider web 2-3
Smoke from synthetic 1-50

materials
Lead dust 2
Face powder 0.1-30
asbestos 0.7-90
Calcium zinc dust 0.7-20
Auto and car emission 1-150
clay 0.1-50
humidifier 0.9-3
Copier toner 0.5-15
antrax 1-5
Smoke from natural 0.01-0.1
materials
Oil smoke 0.03-1
viruses 0.005-0.3
Typical atmospheric 0.001-30
dust
sugar 0.0008-0.005
Carbon dioxide 0.00065
oxygen 0.0005

3.0 List of Equipment
i. Measuring Tape
Figure 1.5
ii. Pitot Tube
Figure 1.6

iii. Differential Pressure
Figure 1.7
iv. Particle Counter
Figure 1.8

3.1 Major System Components
3.1.1 Filters
As we mention, there are three types of filter that use in this system, which HEPA filter,
secondary filter and primary filter. The drawing or schematic of system show the location of
filter inside the duct. When we turn on the system, the air flow will go to through the HEPA
filter then the panel filters and the last is secondary filter. The each filter have a different
efficiencies because of the pressure drop of air.
3.1.2 Fan
This fan very important for this system because it will supply the air through to the whole
duct in the system
3.1.3 Ball Valve

This ball can be opened and closed manually.
4.0 Operating system
Before we turned on the system, there are a few things that we need to be make sure of:
(i) All the test ports for the particle counts are capped off using the rubber caps
provided to ensure there are no leakage.
(ii) The pressure gauges are calibrated to zero point, this is to achieved by using a test
Pen or screw driver to turn the screw calibrates the needle of the pressure gauge.
(iii) Both ball valves at the back and front of the test rig are opened.
(iv) All access doors on the test rig are tightly shut.

Manual start-up
1) Press the green button on the control panel to start the fan.
2) After the fan has started for about half a minute, take the readings on the pressure
gauges.
3) Open the cap covering the test port, making sure that all other ports that are not tested
at the time are capped off.
4) Take the reading of the particle counter.
5) Shutting down can just pressing the red button on the control panel.
6) Make sure that all test ports are capped off and the ball valves are closed after using
the test rig.
4.1 Measuring Tools and Method of Handling Tools

i. Particle counter
Is a portable instrument that measures, counts, and reports airborne particulates. This particle
counter was inserted in test port tubes which were provided for each of the filters then it
detects the particle airborne.
Selecting Custom Settings

Use the keys to change the settings as required for the sample being collected. To choose a
setting, select from the options that appear at the bottom of the Main Screen when the Mode
key is pressed, then use the Start/Stop and Mode keys to scroll through options or save
selections.

For this project, we selected the following parameters:
Sample volume units : CF (cubic feet)

Totalize mode
Time for sample : 1 minutes
Standard operating procedure
1) Plug in the particle counter to the power supply
2) Turn on the particle counter.
3) Choose a setting parameters on a particle counter.( as above )
4) Insert a clearing particle device and turn start.
Figure 4.1 particle counter and clearing device
5) Dismantle a clearing particle device.
6) Insert the particle counter nozzle into test ports.

Figure 4.2 measured at test ports
7) Do step 4-7 before measured at different ports.
Pitot tube.
In order to get accuracy parameter n easier to measured, we use analog gauge that exists at the
air filtration
system to replace the fluid gauge.
Standard operating procedure
1. Recognize the inlet total pressure and inlet static pressure at pitot tube.
Figure 4.3 total pressure inlet Figure 4.4 total pressure inlet
2. Recognize the +ve and -ve pressure hole at air filtration system.

Figure 4.5 gauge port and hole
3. Recognize the port at gauge either its +ve or -ve .
4. Connect the tube at the +ve port gauge and either inlet total pressure or inlet static
pressure at pitot tube depend on the demands.
5. inserts the Pitot tube into the -ve pressure hole to measured static and total pressure value.
Figure 4.6 insert the pitot tube

6. Make sure the nozzle of the pitot tube in opposite direction of air flow and located at the
center of the ducting.
7. Read the pressure value at the gauge.
8. Do the step 4 to all measured point.
Additional work.
Before this, the air filtration system doesnt have a main board in order to give electric supply
to the motor.
So, our groups have to add it to operate this system.
Tools that used:
Electric drill
Screw driver
Wire
Procedure
1) Recognize the main board ideal position.
2) Drill the hole.
3) Turn off the main supply board.
4) Located the main board.

Figure 4.7 locate the mainboard
5) Connect the all wire between main board and supply wire.
Figure 4.8 mainboard

6) Test runs the circuit to make sure the circuit in good condition.
7) Connect the wire to the motor from main board.
Figure 4.9 motor
7) Test runs the motor.

5.0 Data Collection and Calculation
Before Filter After Filter

HEPA HEPA
Pv = Pt Ps Pv = Pt Ps
= 1.00 0.37 = 0.75 0.15
= 0.63 = 0.6
Panel Panel
= 0.18 0.14 = 0.16 0.1
= 0.04 = 0.06
Secondary Secondary
= 0.06 0.01 = 0.18 0.16
= 0.05 = 0.02
Velocity pressure reading (PV)
Upstream Filter Downstream Filter

Filter (Inches Of (Pascal) (Inches Of (Pascal)
Water) Water)
HEPA 0.63 156.769 0.6 149.3
PANEL 0.04 9.96 0.06 14.93
SECONDARY 0.05 12.442 0.02 4.98

Velocity
For standard formula calculating velocity from velocity pressure :
V = 1.291 pv (m/s)
where
V = air velocity ( m / s )
pv = velocity pressure ( Pa.)
Before Filter After Filter

HEPA HEPA
V = 1.291 pv V = 1.291 pv
= 1.291 156.769 =1.291 149.3
= 16.16 m/s = 15.77 m/s
Penal Penal
V = 1.291 pv V = 1.291 pv
= 1.291 9.96 =1.291 14.93
=4.07m/s = 4.988 m/s
Secondary Secondary
V = 1.291 pv V = 1.291 pv
= 1.291 12.442 =1.291 4.98
= 4.55 m/s = 2.88 m/s
Velocity
Upstream Filter Downstream Filter

Filter m/s m/s
HEPA 16.16 15.77
PANEL 4.07 4.988
SECONDARY 4.55 2.88

5.1 Calculation Air filter efficiency
By using this formula, we can calculate the efficiency of each filter:
upstreamparticle
100% 100%
totalpartcle
1. Filter efficiency is the ratio of particles trapped by a filter over the total number of
particles found in the air upstream of the filter.
2. A count of the downstream particles is often used to determine the number of particles
trapped by the filter.
3. Filter efficiency can either be based on specific particle size ranges or based on the
total number of particles of all sizes.
4. There are numerous testing procedures utilized for determining filter efficiency.
Particles Trapped / Particles Upstream = Filter Efficiency
(Particles Upstream - Particles Downstream) / Particles Upstream = Filter Efficiency

5.2 Data
Both Closed Valve
Secondary Filter HEPA filter

Test 1 Panel Filter
Before After Before After
0.3 m 6369 6878 6468 34968 6948
0.5 m 1048 333 475 2113 2107

Test 2 Panel Filter
0.3 m 6419 6893 6489 34868 6908
0.5 m 1098 343 478 2152 2118
Both Open Valve

Test 1 Panel Filter
0.3 m 19454 43009 260048 45409 40208
0.5 m 237 450 18010 1896 1034

Test 2 Panel Filter
0.3 m 19473 43148 260010 45522 40183
0.5 m 243 461 18030 1908 1019

Left Open Valve

Test 1 Panel Filter
0.3 m 17557 21497 27880 45458 24382
0.5 m 199 251 476 1799 1142
Right Open Valve

Test 1 Panel Filter
0.3 m 17543 21308 27874 45465 24354
0.5 m 212 254 482 1843 1144

Both Closed Valve ( 0.3 m )
Test 1 Test 2
Panel Filter Panel Filter
6369 6419
= 100 % - ( 61631 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 61577 x 100 )
= 89.66% = 89.57%
Secondary Filter ( Before ) Secondary Filter ( Before )

6878 6893
= 100 % - ( 61631 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 61577 x 100 )
= 88.84% = 88.8%
Secondary Filter ( After )
6468 Secondary Filter ( After )
= 100 % - ( 61631 x 100 )
6489
= 89.50% = 100 % - ( 61577 x 100 )
= 89.46%
Hepa Filter ( Before )
34968 Hepa Filter ( Before )
= 100 % - ( 61631 x 100 )
34868
= 43.26% = 100 % - ( 61577 x 100 )
= 43.38%
Hepa Filter ( After )
6948 Hepa Filter ( After )
= 100 % - ( 61631 x 100 )
6908
= 88.72% = 100 % - ( 61577 x 100 )
= 88.78%

Both Closed Valve ( 0.5 m )
Test 1 Test 2
1048 1098
= 100 % - ( 6076 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 6189 x 100 )
= 82.74% = 82.25%

333 343
= 100 % - ( 6076 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 6189 x 100 )
= 94.49% = 94.43%
Secondary Filter ( After ) Secondary Filter ( After )

475 478
= 100 % - ( 6076 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 6189 x 100 )
= 92.16% = 92.25%
Hepa Filter ( Before ) Hepa Filter ( Before )

2113 2152
= 100 % - ( 6076 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 6189 x 100 )
= 65.24% = 65.25%
Hepa Filter ( After ) Hepa Filter ( After )

2107 2118
= 100 % - ( 6076 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 6189 x 100 )
= 65.34% = 65.8%

Both Open Valve ( 0.3 m )
Test 1 Test 2

19454 19473
= 100 % - ( 408308 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 408336 x 100 )
= 95.23% = 95.23%

43108 43148
= 100 % - ( 408308 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 408336 x 100 )
= 98.94% = 86.43%

260048 260010
= 100 % - ( 408308 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 408336 x 100 )
= 36.31% = 36.32%

45499 45522
= 100 % - ( 408308 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 408336 x 100 )
= 88.85% = 88.85%

9952 40183
= 100 % - ( 408308 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 408336 x 100 )
= 97.56% = 90.16%

Both Open Valve ( 0.5 m )
Test 1 Test 2
237 243
= 100 % - ( 21625 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 21661 x 100 )
= 98.89% = 98.86%

450 461
= 100 % - ( 21625 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 21661 x 100 )
= 97.91% = 97.86%

18010 18030
= 100 % - ( 21625 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 21661 x 100 )
= 16.74% = 16.79%

1896 1908
= 100 % - ( 21625 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 21661 x 100 )
= 91.22% = 91.19%

1032 1019
= 100 % - ( 21625 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 21661 x 100 )
= 95.22% = 95.28%

Left Valve Open
0.3 m 0.5 m
17557 199
= 100 % - ( 136774 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 3867 x 100 )
= 87.16% = 94.82%

21497 251
= 100 % - ( 136774 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 3867 x 100 )
= 84.28% = 93.47%

27880 476
= 100 % - ( 136774 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 3867 x 100 )
= 79.61% = 87.67%
Hepa Filter ( Before ) Hepa Filter ( Before)

45458 1799
= 100 % - ( 136774 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 3867 x 100 )
= 66.76% = 53.55%

24382 1142
= 100 % - ( 136774 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 3867 x 100 )
= 82.17% = 70.49%

Right Valve Open
0.3 m 0.5 m
17543 212
= 100 % - ( 136544 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 3935 x 100 )
= 87.15% = 94.57%

21308 254
= 100 % - ( 136544 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 3935 x 100 )
= 84.39% = 93.51%

27874 482
= 100 % - ( 136544 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 3935 x 100 )
= 79.59% = 52.37%

45465 1843
= 100 % - ( 136544 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 3935 x 100 )
= 66.7% = 53.23%

24354 1144
= 100 % - ( 136544 x 100 ) = 100 % - ( 3935 x 100 )
= 82.16% = 70.93%

6.0 Conclusion
As a conclusion of our project, after we do all the task and assessment of air filtration,
we could know and study about the filter function to reduce the quantity of the particle
using three types of filter. Which filter had their function, HEPA, secondary and primary
filter. The data that we collect and measure at the system where the system in D005, the
data we take the different situation while the ball valve open and close, both open and
both closed condition at the right and left unit.
Then after we get the data, we calculate using and follow the formula the air filtration
efficiency using the suitable equation. Each of the system specification is being recorded
in order to know the capacity of unit. There for we details the way how to operate and run
system with the procedure, how to operate the airborne particle counter unit.
We can brief the procedure to setting the unit in order use to collect the data and also
how to run the system follow the procedure. For the last we gain the knowledge in indoor
air quality and filters function for the air clean and comfortable for occupants during their
time in building or room. The filters very helpful to reduce the particle from entry the
room that we need the air clean supply.

9.0 References
Book Of Airconditioning Engineering Fouth Edition-W.P.Jones

Book Of Guide To The HVAC&R Certification And Tests-Robert Featherstone and
Jesse Riojas
HEVAC association-info@feta.co.uk
BSRIA-The Building Services Research And Information Association
NIOSH-Department Of Health And Human Services
http://www.muellerenvironmental.com/documents/200-055.pdft4r5t6y
www.camfilfarr.com
http://www.gnttype .org/techarea/turbo/airfilter.html
www.airguard.com
//F:JDS Air-Tech High Efficiency Air Filtration System.htm
ASHRAE Testing for HVAC Air Filtration A Rview of Standards 52.1 1992 & 52.2
1999
Purolator Air Filtration For Healthcare
Flanders/ FFI Foremost in Air Filtration

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FCB30602 Practical Work 1

Title: Air Filtration

1 Note: 1 Pascal (Pa) 1 N/m2 1 J/m3 1 kg/(ms2)

1.1 Introduction of Air Filtration

The purpose of air filtration is to remove contaminants, dust, bacteria, pollen

2 Note: 1 Pascal (Pa) 1 N/m2 1 J/m3 1 kg/(ms2)

1.3 Literature Review

By NIOSH (April 2003)The filter can remove or reduce a variety of contaminants

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i) To find the total pressure:

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ii) Volume Flow Rate formula

iii) Fan Power Input

iv) Filter Efficiency

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1.3.1 HEPA Filter

In general: EU1 Protects against insects Window unit

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EU3 Effective against larger Heating and cooling

EU4 Limited effect against dust In addition to EU3

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EU8 Very effective against Operating Theatres,

2.0 System Criteria

2.1 Measurements Criteria

The air filtration systems particle counters data should be in exact

Figure 1.1 Air filtration system side view

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2.2 Air Filter Criteria

Figure 1.2 HEPA Filter

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2.3.3 HEPA Filter

i. HEPA is High efficiency particulate absorbing or High effiency particulate

Figure 1.3 Primary Filters

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Figure 1.4 Secondary Filters

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particle Particle size (micron)

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3.0 List of Equipment

ii. Pitot Tube

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iii. Differential Pressure

iv. Particle Counter

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3.1 Major System Components

3.1.3 Ball Valve

4.0 Operating system

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4.1 Measuring Tools and Method of Handling Tools

Selecting Custom Settings

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For this project, we selected the following parameters:

Sample volume units : CF (cubic feet)

Standard operating procedure

1) Plug in the particle counter to the power supply

2) Turn on the particle counter.

3) Choose a setting parameters on a particle counter.( as above )

4) Insert a clearing particle device and turn start.

Figure 4.1 particle counter and clearing device

5) Dismantle a clearing particle device.

6) Insert the particle counter nozzle into test ports.

19 Note: 1 Pascal (Pa) 1 N/m2 1 J/m3 1 kg/(ms2)