/ WELCOME TO AP BIOLOGY 2010-2011

• Ms. Katherine Moser is your AP Biology instructor, and can be reached by email over the summer al:

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kmoser(al.pausd.org. Note: Ms. Moser will be out ofthe country from June 11-June 28.

• AP Biology is not for the faint-of-heart: lt is a college-Ievel course that allows you to gain up to 10 college
credits ifyou earn good grades and a score of3 or higher on the national AP Biology examination he Id next May.
Your instructors have designed a rigorous course ofstudy that will allow you to accomplish this goal.

• Good News! Overthe past five years, 60% - 80% of Gunn's students have earned top scores of S on the AP
exam, and 99.9% have scored 3, 4 or S. Bad News' You can expect a college-Ievel workload to go along with
all this glory.

• Successful AP Biology students typically spend between 5-8 hours doing homework and lab work each
week. Please carefully consider whether you can devote sueh time and energy to the course, as your success will
depend upon it There are also serious consequences ifyou misca\culate. Poor grades ( C or below) in AP
courses may Iimit your choices of colleges. lfthings don't work out and you decide to drop the course, you
cannot transfer to another science class and willlose this chance to meet your lab science college entrance
requirements. lfyou are in doubt about this, come see Ms. Moser or Ms. Merchant immediately.

• The abbreviated course syllabus below should give you an accurate idea ofthe course workload. You can
expect homework each night, an exam at the end of each unit, and severallab reports each semester.

Topie Class Days Reading and Lab Assignments

Diversity and Evolution 13 Chapters 1, 3, 22-26, 2 lab reports

Animal Behavior 6 Chapters 1, 51; I lab report

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Biochemistry and Cells 9 Chapters 2, 3, 4, 6, 7,11; 1 lab report

Cell Energetics 11 Chapters 8 & 9; 4 lab reports I

Genetics 12 Chapters 12-1 S; 3 lab reports

Molecular Genetics 9 Chapters 5,16-19,46,47

Botany 12 Chapters 29,30,35,37-39; 3 lab reports

Biotechnology 10 Chapter 20; 3 lab reports

Animal Physiology 22 Chapters 40-45, 48-49; 3 lab reports

Ecology 7 Chapters SO, 52-SS; 1 lab report

• Can't wait to get started? Welllucky for you, there is a summer assignmeent, equivalent to about 12 average
homework assignments, and the details are attached. The assignment is due on the first day ofschool next year.
lfyou get stuck and can't figure out how to tackle this work, just email Ms. Moser for assistance
(kmoser ausd.or.
 AP BIOLOGY
SUMMER OF PHYLOGENY
One ofthe most useful and most frustrating topics in AP Biology is the study of diversity and phylogeny. lt is useful,
because a knowledge ofthe way in which different organisms solve the common problems of life is a tremendous aid in
placing other information in a living context. It is frustrating, because there are so many facts to leam and we can spend
so little time on it during the school year. So ... we are going to get a head start over the summer! You will also get to
practice a key skill in AP Biology - the ability to read through a great deal of information, pick out the critical and
important facts and ideas, then focus the majority ofyour leaming on those items! In other words, "don't get lost in the
details". Here's What You Need to Do!!

Step 1: Make a voeabulary list/ehart, and learo the voeabulary l'elated to key features ofliving things. These features
allow you to differentiate between groups ofliving organisms, and the vocabulary is listed on the next page. The
relevant chapters in your textbook are listed for you.

Step 2: Learo the dornains, eukaryotie supergroups, kingdorns and na mes of important phyla that make up the
diverse range ofliving organisms on earth. The enclosed chart showing the relationship between these groupings
will be helpful. Make an individual ehart for eaeh kingdorn, phyla or class listed in bold-faeed type below
(40 eha rts total).
Dornain Arehaebaeter Make a chart for the dornain, not specific phyla

Dornain Eubaeteria Make a chart for the domain, not specific phyla

Domain Eukarya Study: Euglenozoa, Trichornonads

Supergroup Excavata

Domain Eukarya Study these groups: Ciliates (eiliophora), Dinoflagellates,

Supergroup Chromalveolata Diatorns, Brown algae (phaeophyta)

Dornain Eukarya - Make a chalt fol' the supergroup, not specific phyla
Supergroup Rhizaria

Domain Eukarya: Study these 2 phyla in Kingdom Fungi: Basidornyeota,

Supergroup Unikonta Aseornyeota

Study these two protist groups: Entarnoebas and Gyrnnarnoebas

Dornain Eukarya: Study 10 phyla and t Oclasses:

Supel'group Unikonta Porifera, Cnidaria (aka Coelenterata), Platyhelrninthes,
Kingdom Animalia Nernatoda, Mollusea, Rotifera, Annelida, Arthropoda (in
general, and classes lnseeta, Crustaeea, Araehnida),
•
Eehinoderrnata, Chordata (in general, and subphylum vertebrata
and its classes agnatha, ehondriehthyes, osteiehthyes, arnphibia,
reptilia, aves and rnarnrnalia)

Domain Eukarya Study: Red algae (Rhodophytes), Chlorophytes, Charophytes

Supergroup Archaeplastida

Domain Eukarya Study these 4 plant divisions (plant phyla are called divisions):
Supergroup Archaeplastida Bryophyta, Pterophyta, Coniferophyta (part of
Kingdom Plantae Gyrnnosperrnae), Anthophyta

NOTE: The Kingdom P)'otista has been divided! You get to leam the new taxonomy!

Step 3: Read about the struetuFes and funetions ofthe key representative kingdom, phyla and classes.
Appropriate chapters in your textbook are listed on the next page.
Step 4: Make and com plete a chart (1 page per boldfaced kingdom, phylnm or class) showing key features
about the organisms. Be efficient: Make up blank chart formats for each kingdom/phyalclass, then fill in
the information as you read. Each chart should contain at least three graphic elements, and these MUST
be labeled or annotated, showing the distinctive features/structures ofthat particular group of organisms.
You MAY NOT download pre-Iabeled pictures - alllabeling and annotations must be done by you. Tot,
is 40 kingdom. phyla or classes (mammalia is completed for you, so only 39 to gol) SKIM the textbool
to identifY key information. You do not need to know everything! Simply capture the important
information in your chart, then learn that information. Try to Iimit your work to less than one ho
per chart, but make sure you do a thorough jobo
. ,
'VOCABULARY: Make a vocabulary chart with definitions and examples for aH ita/icized words listed below.

Key features for all groups:

* Domain
*Nutrition (autotroph , heterotroph, parasite)
*Sing/e-eelled or l11u/ticellu/ar form
*Habitat (aquatie, terrestria/, arborea/)
*Adult genetic fonn (hap/oid vs, dip/oid)
*At least 3 examples (specific named organisms)
*Sketches to illustrate key features
(at least three sketches per phylum,
computer graphics OK but must be hand-labeled)
*Kingdom and Supergroup (if applicable)
*Mobility (none,jlagella, eilia, limbs, wings)
*Range of size (!'meters lO meters)
*Reproduction (asexual, sexual)
*For multi-cellular (differentiated 01' undifferentiated)
'.
*Evidence of endosymbionls or seeondary endosymbionts
*Cell type (prokaryotie 01' eukaryotie)
*Additional useful information

Additional features for animals only:

*Body symmetry, adult and embryo
(radial, bilateral, none) 'Segmentation ofbody (repeating units or distinct sections)
*Body cavities (head, thorax, abdomen, limbs) *Fertilization (interna/ VS. externa!)
*Reproduction (type 01 eggs, live birth) *Tissues (organs, tissues, organ systems)
*Type of skeleton or support (endo, exa, hydro) *Metabolism (homeotherm, poikilotherm, eetatherm)
. *Other distinguishing features *Cephalization (some orall)
*Body cavity (none, aeoe/omate, pseudocoe/omate
or.coe/omate (deuterostome al' protos/ome)
*Number of embryonie tissue layers (Iwo ar three)

Additional features for plants only:

*Sporophyle ar gametophyle dominance 'Presence ofvaseu/ar tissue (stems , xylem, ph/oem)
• Seeds or spores for reproduction *Presence·of jlawers

When is the packet of Charts Due?

• It is due the first day of dass in the 2009-20 \ O school year, and is worth 20 points!
• Your packet should include: Vocabulary list and charts for each ofihe targeted kingdom, phyla and classes. The
targeted groups are listed in bold-faced chali on the prior page.
• To receive full credit, you must have the packet ready on the due date.
• To receive full credit, eaeh chart should foHow all the guidelines and contain a reasonable amount of detail
sueh as that presented in the Mammalia example.

Where do 1 find the Information? Information on diversity can be found in any high school or college biology textboo
(or on the internet). You do not need to use the recommended class textbook. The specific chapters in our textbook,
Biology by Campbell and Reece, 8'h edition, are listed below,

Ch. l (pgs, 1-160nly) Ch,25 Ch. 26

Ch,27 Ch, 28 (chart on pg. 578) Ch. 29
Ch,30 Ch,3\ Ch. 32
Ch,33 Ch,34
New/Revised Phylogenetic Chart
Key Dornains, Supergroups, Kingdorns and Phyla

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 SAMPLE FOR ANIMALIA, PHYLUM CHORDATA (sub-phylum vertebrata), CLASS MAMMALIA

Feature Information andExamples

Nutrition & metabolism Exclusively heterotrophic, al! are homeothermic.

Cel!s & tissues Eukaryotic cel!s. Al! mammals are multicel!uJar with highly differentiated
tissues, organ and organ systems. Al! have internal bony skeleton. Embryos
• •
have three tissue layers .
Body symmetry Adults and embryos both have bilateral symmetry
Out Deuterostome coelom
Body cavities Three body cavities (head, thorax and abdomen)
Limbs 4 limbs, 2 on each side.
Segmentation No repeating body segments. Distinct body sections (head, torso, limbs).

Range of size Size ranges from a few cm (mi ce) to several meters in height or length
(elephant, whale)

Habitat Found in terrestrial, arboreal, fresh-water and salt-water habitats.

Fertilization & Reproduction Reproduce exclusively via sexual reproduction, with c1early defined
males/females. Fertilization is interna!. Females give birth to live young
(except monotremes) and make milk to feed their young.

Adult genetic fonn Adults, young and embryos are diploid. Egg and sperm gametes are haploid.

Mobility Mammals can fly, walk, crawl, swim, and use appendages for these purposes

Other features Al! have hair at sorne developmental stage. Most have a fuI! range of senses
(sight, touch, smell, taste, hearing) but sorne are missing one or another sense
(moles lack sight, dogs lack color vision). Al! have mammary glands and
feed milk to young.

Examples: hwnans, dogs, cats, horses, pigs, rodents (rabbits, rats), cattle, whales,
dolphins, seals.

appendages adapted for