Zend Framework

Zend Framework (ZF) is an open source, object-oriented web application framework implemented in
PHP 5 and licensed under the New BSD License.

History
Zend Framework was conceived in early 2005 while many new frameworks, such as Ruby on
Rails and the Spring Framework, were gaining popularity in the web development community.
ZF was publicly announced at the first Zend Conference in October 2005.

On July 1, 2007, Zend Framework 1.0 was released.

Philosophy
ZF is a use-at-will framework. There is no single development paradigm or pattern that all Zend
Framework users must follow, although ZF does provide components for the MVC, Table Data
Gateway, and Row Data Gateway design patterns. Zend Framework provides individual
components for many other common requirements in web application development.

Zend Framework also seeks to promote web development best practices in the PHP community;
conventions are not as commonly used in ZF as in many other frameworks, rather suggestions
are put forth by setting reasonable defaults that can be overridden for each ZF application’s
specific requirements.

Licensing
Zend Framework is licensed under the Open Source Initiative (OSI)-approved New BSD
License, and all code contributors must sign a Contributor License Agreement (CLA) based on
the Apache Software Foundation’s CLA. The licensing and contribution policies were
established to prevent intellectual property issues for commercial ZF users, according to Zend's
Andi Gutmans.

Sponsor and partners

Zend Technologies, co-founded by PHP core contributors Andi Gutmans and Zeev Suraski, is
the corporate sponsor of Zend Framework. Technology partners include IBM, Google,
Microsoft, Adobe Systems, and StrikeIron.

Requirements
Zend Framework requires PHP 5.2.4 or later since version 1.7.0. Previous versions required PHP
5.1.4 or later, although the ZF Programmer's Reference Guide strongly recommended PHP 5.2.3
or later for security and performance improvements included in these versions of PHP. PHPUnit
3.0 or later is required to run the unit tests shipped with Zend Framework. Many components
also require PHP extensions.

Features
Zend Framework features include:

 All components are fully object-oriented PHP 5 and are E_STRICT compliant
 Use-at-will architecture with loosely coupled components and minimal interdependencies
 Extensible MVC implementation supporting layouts and PHP-based templates by default
 Support for multiple database systems and vendors, including MySQL, Oracle, IBM
DB2, Microsoft SQL Server, PostgreSQL, SQLite, and Informix Dynamic Server
 Email composition and delivery, retrieval via mbox, Maildir, POP3 and IMAP4
 Flexible caching sub-system with support for many types of backends, such as memory
or a file system.

Building and running Zend Framework applications

Zend Technologies provide a PHP stack, Zend Server (or Zend Server Community Edition),
which is optimized for running Zend Framework applications. Zend Server includes Zend
Framework in its OS-native, integrated installers, along with PHP and all required extensions.
Zend Server provides improved performance for Zend Framework applications through opcode
acceleration and several caching capabilities, and comes with application monitoring and
diagnostics out-of-the-box.

Zend Server is not required to run Zend Framework applications and the Zend Framework can be
downloaded and installed independently of Zend Server.

For developers who prefer an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for coding and
debugging, Zend Studio, tightly integrated with Zend Framework, provides an MVC view, MVC
code generation, code formatter, code assist, and more.

Zend Studio is not free software, whereas the Zend Framework and Zend Server (community
edition) are free.

Zend Server may not be compatible with common debugging tools such as Xdebug which is
bundled with free PHP IDEs such as Netbeans. For this reason, developers who want to use a
completely free PHP stack, including an IDE, should consider other alternatives as well as Zend
Server.

Code, documentation, and test standards

Code contributions to Zend Framework are subject to rigorous code, documentation, and test
standards. All code must meet ZF’s coding standards and unit tests must reach 80% code
coverage before the corresponding code may be moved to the release branch.

Simple Cloud API

On September 22, 2009, Zend Technologies announced that it would be working with
technology partners including Microsoft, IBM, Rackspace, Nirvanix, and GoGrid along with the
Zend Framework community to develop a common API to cloud application services called the
Simple Cloud API. This project is part of Zend Framework and will be hosted on the Zend
Framework website, but a separate site called simplecloud.org has been launched to discuss and
download the most current versions of the API.

The Simple Cloud API will be included in production releases of Zend Framework after the API
has been finalized and the adapters to popular cloud services have reached production quality.