I HC QUC GIA H NI

TRNG I HC CNG NGH

TRN HONG DIU

NGHIN CU XY DNG CNG C O KIM V

NH GI CHT LNG DCH V DI NG 4G (LTE)

LUN VN THC S CNG NGH K THUT IN T,

TRUYN THNG

H NI - 2016
 I HC QUC GIA H NI

TRNG I HC CNG NGH

TRN HONG DIU

NGHIN CU XY DNG CNG C O KIM V

NH GI CHT LNG DCH V DI NG 4G (LTE)

Ngnh: Cng ngh K thut in t, Truyn thng

Chuyn ngnh: K thut in t

M s: 60520203

LUN VN THC S CNG NGH K THUT IN T,

TRUYN THNG

NGI HNG DN KHOA HC: TS. NGUYN NAM HONG

H NI - 2016
 LI CM N

Ti xin gi li cm n su sc ti TS. Nguyn Nam Hong, Trng i hc Cng

ngh - i hc Quc gia H Ni, ngi thy dnh nhiu thi gian tn tnh ch bo,
hng dn, gip ti trong sut qu trnh tm hiu, nghin cu. Thy l ngi nh
hng v a ra nhiu gp qu bu trong qu trnh ti thc hin lun vn.

Ti xin chn thnh cm n cc thy, c khoa in t Vin thng Trng i hc

Cng ngh - HQGHN cung cp cho ti nhng kin thc v to cho ti nhng iu
kin thun li trong sut qu trnh ti hc tp ti trng.

Ti cng xin cm n gia nh, ngi thn, bn b v cc ng nghip ti Trung tm

Nghin cu Pht Trin Sn Phm - Vin KHKT Bu in lun ng vin v to mi
iu kin tt nht cho ti.

Ti xin chn thnh cm n!

 LI CAM OAN
Ti xin cam oan y l ti nghin cu ca ring ti, thc hin di s hng dn
ca TS. Nguyn Nam Hong. Cc ni dung nghin cu, kt qu trong lun vn ny l
trung thc v cha cng b di bt k hnh thc no trc y. Ti khng sao chp cc
ti liu hay cc cng trnh nghin cu ca ngi khc lm lun vn ny.

Nu pht hin c bt k s gian ln no ti xin hon ton chu trch nhim v

ni dung ca lun vn. Trng i hc Cng ngh - i hc Quc gia H Ni khng lin
quan n nhng vi phm tc quyn, bn quyn do ti gy ra trong qu trnh thc hin (nu
c).

H Ni, thng 10 nm 2016

H v tn

Trn Hong Diu

 MC LC
LI CM N ....................................................................................................................... 3

LI CAM OAN ................................................................................................................. 4

MC LC ............................................................................................................................ 5

DANH MC CC T VIT TT ...................................................................................... 9

DANH MC HNH V ..................................................................................................... 11

DANH MC BNG BIU ................................................................................................ 13

M U ............................................................................................................................ 14

CHNG I - NGHIN CU TNG QUAN V MNG 4G (LTE/LTE ADVANCED)

............................................................................................................................................ 15

1.1 Tng quan mng 4G LTE/LTE Advanced ............................................................... 15

1.1.1 Tng quan mng 4G LTE .................................................................................. 15

1.1.2 Tng quan mng 4G LTE - Advanced .............................................................. 18

1.2 Kin trc mng 4G LTE/ LTE Advanced ................................................................ 23

1.2.1 Mng truy nhp v tuyn E-UTRAN ................................................................ 23

2.2.2 Kin trc mng li LTE (EPC Evolved Packet Core) .................................... 29

1.2.2.1 Thc th qun l tnh di ng MME (Mobility Management Entity)............ 29

1.2.2.2 Cng phc v S GW (Serving gateway) ..................................................... 32

1.2.2.3 Cng mng d liu gi P GW (Packet Data Network gateway) ................. 35

1.2.2.4 PCRF (Policy and Charging Resource Function)........................................... 37

1.2.2.5 My ch thu bao thng tr HSS (Home Subscriber Server) ...................... 38

1.2.3 Cc vng dch v ............................................................................................... 39

 1.2.3.1 M hnh cung cp dch v thoi VoLTE ........................................................ 39

1.2.3.2 M hnh cung cp dch v thoi CSFB .......................................................... 43

1.2.4 Cc giao thc v giao din trong kin trc c bn ca h thng....................... 49

1.2.4.1 Cc giao thc trong lp NAS: ........................................................................ 50

1.2.4.2 Cc giao thc trong giao din v tuyn: ......................................................... 51

1.2.4.3 Cc giao thc trong giao din S1 gia E UTRAN v mng li EPC: ......... 56

1.2.4.4 Cc giao thc trong giao din S5/S8 trong mng li EPC: ............................ 57

1.2.4.5 Cc giao thc trong giao din X2: .................................................................. 58

2.2.5 Cc knh trong kin trc ca LTE ..................................................................... 59

1.2.5.1 Cc knh logic ................................................................................................ 60

1.2.5.2 Cc knh truyn ti ......................................................................................... 61

1.2.5.3 Cc knh vt l ............................................................................................... 64

1.3 Kt lun: ................................................................................................................... 66

CHNG II - NGHIN CU TIU CHUN V CC CNG C O KIM, NH

GI CHT LNG MNG & DCH V 4G (LTE / LTE ADVANCE) ....................... 68

2.1 Phng php o kim v nh gi cht lng mng v dch v 4G (LTE/ LTE
Advanced) ....................................................................................................................... 68

2.1.1 Cc yu t nh hng n cht lng mng v dch v 4G (LTE/LTE

Advanced) ................................................................................................................... 68

2.1.2 Phng php o kim nh gi cht lng mng v dch v 4G (LTE/LTE

Advanced) ................................................................................................................... 70

2.1.3 Mt s cng c o kim v nh gi cht lng mng v dch v 4G (LTE/

LTE Advanced) hin nay............................................................................................ 73
 2.2 La chn cc tham s cho vic o kim v nh gi cht mng v dch v 4G
(LTE/LTE Advanced)..................................................................................................... 78

2.2.1 Phn loi cc tham s KPI ................................................................................. 80

2.2.2 Cng sut tn hiu thu RSRP Reference Signal Received Power .................. 80

2.2.3 Cht lng tn hiu thu RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality .............. 81

2.2.4 T l tn hiu trn nhiu SNR Signal to Noise Ratio ..................................... 83

2.2.5 Ch s cht lng knh CQI Channel Quality Indicator ................................ 84

2.2.6 CELL ID v TAC .............................................................................................. 85

2.2.7 Tc ti xung trung bnh Download DS Download Speed ....................... 86

2.2.8 Tc ti ln trung bnh Upload US Upload Speed ...................................... 86

2.2.9 T l truyn ti gi b ri Packet loss ............................................................. 86

2.2.10 Thi gian tr truy nhp dch v trung bnh Latency..................................... 86

2.2.11 T l truy nhp dch v thnh cng Service Access Success Rate .............. 86

2.2.12 T l cuc gi c thit lp thnh cng CSSR Call Setup Success Rate ... 86

2.2.13 T l cuc gi b ri CDR Call Drop Rate ................................................... 87

2.2.14 Cht lng cuc gi MOS Mean Opinion Score ......................................... 87

2.3 Kt lun: ................................................................................................................... 87

CHNG III - NGHIN CU, THIT K V XY DNG B CNG C O KIM

V NH GI CHT LNG MNG & DCH V 4G. ............................................. 88

3.1 Mc tiu xy dng cng c o kim v nh gi cht lng mng v dch v 4G . 88

3.2 La chn yu cu k thut cho vic xy dng b cng c o kim cht lng mng
v dch v 4G LTE ......................................................................................................... 89

3.2.1 Yu cu phn cng ............................................................................................ 89

 3.2.2 Yu cu phn mm ............................................................................................ 90

3.3 Kin trc b cng c o kim cht lng mng v dch v 4G LTE....................... 93

3.3.1 Kin trc b cng c.......................................................................................... 93

3.3.2 Thit k chc nng ............................................................................................ 94

3.3.3 Thit k c s d liu ........................................................................................ 97

3.4 M t cng c o kim v nh gi cht lng mng v dch v 4G .................... 106

3.4.1 Gii thiu giao din cng c o kim cht lng dch v 4G......................... 107

3.4.2 Hng dn thit lp v o kim ...................................................................... 110

CHNG IV - TH NGHIM NH GI CNG C O KIM VI CC DCH V

TRN MNG DI NG 4G (LTE/LTE ADVANCED) TIVIT NAM..................... 117

4.1 B bi o, nh gi cht lng dch v 4G ............................................................ 117

4.1.1 Bi o t l thit lp thnh cng cuc gi chiu i MO CSSR ....................... 117

4.1.2 Bi o thi gian thit lp thnh cng cuc gi chiu i MO CSSR ................ 118

4.1.3 Bi o t l rt cuc gi DCR ......................................................................... 120

4.1.4 Bi o MOS ..................................................................................................... 121

4.1.5 Bi o Download v Upload trn 1 bng tn v bng tnkt hp ................... 122

4.1.6 Bi o Scan tham s mng .............................................................................. 122

4.2 Kt qu o kim, th nghim cng c o 4G ......................................................... 123

CHNG V - KT LUN & KHUYN NGH............................................................. 126

TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................................................ 128

 DANH MC CC T VIT TT

ACI Adjacent channel Interference Xuyn nhiu gia cc knh k cn

AMA Alphabet Matched Algorithm Thut ton phi hp ch ci
AWG Additive White Gaussian Noise Nhiu Gauss trng cng
BER Bit Error Radio T l li Bit
BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying Kha dch pha nh phn
CIR Channel Impulse Response p ng xung knh
CMA Constant Modulus Algorithm Thut ton Mudulus hng s
DFE Decision Feedback Equalizer Cn bng phn hi quyt nh
DFT Discrete Fourier Transform Bin i Fourier ri rc
DVB-T Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial Truyn hnh s mt t
FFT Fast Fourier Transform Bin i Fourier nhanh
HPA High Power Amplifier B khuch i cng sut cao
ICI Inter Carrier Interference Can nhiu gia cc sng mang
IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform Bin i ngc Fourier nhanh
ISI Inter Symbol Interference Can nhiu gia cc k hiu
IWLMS Iterative - Weighted Least mean Square Lp trung bnh bnh phng trng s
LMS Least Mean Square Trung bnh bnh phng b nht
MIMO Multiple Input - Multiple Output Nhiu u vo - nhiu u ra
MLP Multi Layer Perception o to a lp
MLSE Minimum Least Square Error Cc tiu sai s bnh phng b nht
Maximum Likelihood Sequence
MLSE Cn bng dy hp l cc i
Equalizer
MMSE Minimum Mean Square Error Trung bnh bnh phng ti thiu
M-PSK Multiple Phase Shift Keying iu ch pha a mc
Multi Quadrature Amplitude
M-QAM iu bin cu phng a mc
Modulation
MU Multi User Nhiu ngi dng
NBI Narrow Band Interference Can nhiu bng hp
NN Neural Network Mng nron
Orthogonal Frequency Division
OFDM Ghp knh phn theo tn s trc giao
Multiplexing
T s cng sut nh - cng sut trung
PAPR Peak to Average Power Ratio
bnh
PSD Power Spectrum Density Mt ph cng sut
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation iu ch cu phng
RBF Radial Basis Function Hm xuyn tm
RLS Recursive Least Square Hi quy bnh phng b nht
RMS Recursive Mean Square Hi quy trung bnh bnh phng
SBS Signal By Signal Tng k hiu
SFBC Space Frequency Binary Coder B m ha nh phn khng gian tn s
SISO Simple Input - Smimple Output Mt u vo - Mt u ra
SNR Signal Noise Ration T s tn hiu trn nhiu
B m ha nh phn khng gian thi
STBC Space Time Binary Coder
gian
UT User Terminal u cui ngi dng
ZF Zero Forcing Cng bc 0
LRLS Kernel Recursive Least Squares Bnh phng b nht hi quy Kernel
 DANH MC HNH V

Hnh 1 - 1: Kin trc c bn ca h thng LTE ................................................................. 23

Hnh 1 - 2: Cc kt ni ca ENodeB ti cc nt logic khc v cc chc nng chnh ....... 26

Hnh 1 - 3: Cc bc t cu hnh ca ENodeB.................................................................. 28

Hnh 1 - 4: Cc kt ni ca MME ti cc nt logic khc v cc chc nng chnh............ 32

Hnh 1 - 5: Cc kt ni ca S - GW ti cc nt logic khc v cc chc nng chnh ......... 34

Hnh 1 - 6: Cc kt ni ca P - GW ti cc nt logic khc v cc chc nng chnh ......... 36

Hnh 1 - 7: Cc kt ni ca PCRF ti cc nt logic khc v cc chc nng chnh ........... 38

Hnh 1 - 8: Cc giao thc trn mt phng iu khin trong h thng EPS ....................... 49

Hnh 2 - 9: Cc giao thc trong giao din v tuyn ca LTE ............................................ 51

Hnh 1 - 10: Ch UM trong phn lp RLC ................................................................... 54

Hnh 1 - 11: Ch AM trong phn lp RLC .................................................................... 55

Hnh 1 - 12: MAC Layer ..................................................................................................... 55

Hnh 1 - 13: Cc giao thc trn mt phng ngi s dng trong h thng EPS............... 58

Hnh 1 - 14: Cc giao thc trn mt phng iu khin v mt phng ngi s dng cho
giao din X2 ........................................................................................................................ 59

Hnh 1 - 15: nh x ca cc loi knh c s dng trong LTE ....................................... 60

Hnh 2 - 1: M hnh phng php o kim cht lng mng v dch v 4G LTE ............ 72

Hnh 2 - 2 : Mu Cellfile c s dng trong LTE ............................................................ 74

Hnh 2 - 3: B cng c o kim v nh gi cht lng dch v 4G LTE ......................... 77

Hnh 2 - 4 : Phn loi KPI trong mng LTE ...................................................................... 80

Hnh 3 - 2: Kin trc chung ca h qun tr c s d liu quan h RDBMS .................... 91

Hnh 3 - 3: M hnh kin trc b cng c o kim cht lng mng v dch v 4G LTE . 93

Hnh 3 - 4: M hnh phn r chc nng ............................................................................. 94

Hnh 3 - 5: Biu use case ............................................................................................... 95

Hnh 3 - 6: Biu logic cho use case thit lp bi o cho cc tham s o kim ............. 96

Hnh 3 - 7: Biu logic cho use case phn tch, nh gi cht lng mng v dch v
4G ....................................................................................................................................... 96

Hnh 4 - 1 : Call flow thc hin cuc gi chiu i ........................................................... 117

Hnh 4 - 2 : Kt qu o th nghim cc tham s RSRP, RSRQ, SNR, CellID ................. 124

 DANH MC BNG BIU
Bng 1: Khong gi tr ca RSRP trong 4G LTE ............................................................. 81

Bng 2: Khong gi tr ca RSRQtrong 4G LTE .............................................................. 83

Bng 3: Bng gi tr ca CQI ........................................................................................... 85

Bng 4 : Yu cu phn cng cho b cng c o 4G LTE ................................................. 89

Bng 5 : Cc bng d liu chnh .................................................................................... 104

 M U
Thng tin di ng hin ang l mt trong nhng ngnh cng nghip vin thng
pht trin nhanh nht theo nghin cu th n ht nm 2015 s lng thu bao t ti
con s 4.7 t thu bao i km vi l khong 7.6 t kt ni di ng trn ton cu, doanh
thu ca cc nh cung cp t hn 1.000 t v d kin s cn tip tc tng trng
mnh trong giai on t 2015-2020. Cng vi s pht trin ca s lng kt ni v thu
bao l s pht trin ca cc loi hnh dch v i hi tc cao, bng thng ln, yu cu
thi gian thc vi tr nh ngy cng tr nn ph bin v 3G khng cn p ng
c mt cch y cc tiu ch trn. Do vic pht trin mng v dch v vin thng
4G (LTE/ LTE Advanced) l v cng cn thit v l tt yu cho tt c cc nh cung cp
dch v hin nay.

Cng ngh v tuyn di ng th h k tip (4G) hin nay c trin khai mt

s cc quc gia trn th gii. Mi mt loi hnh cng ngh 4G c nhng u nhc im,
mc hon thin, chun ha khc nhau. Nhiu quc gia trn th gii la chn trin
khai cng ngh LTE tip cn th h di ng k tip (4G). Tuy nhin, theo nh khuyn
ngh t chc 3GPP v nhiu t chc uy tn trn th gii, LTE-Advanced l tiu chun s
ci thin, nng cao v thay th tiu chun LTE.

Cng vi s pht trin mnh m ca cc gii php cng ngh, hng lot cc yu
cu mi c t ra i vi cc vn khai thc v o kim, nh gi cht lng
dch v. Bi ton o kim gim st cht lng mng vin thng lun l mi quan tm
hng u v l mt trong nhng vn quan trng nht cn gii quyt ca cc nh khai
thc mng vin thng. Hng ti cng tc o kim cht lng mng v dch v trn nn
tng mng 4G (LTE/LTE_A) ti tp trung xy dng cng c o kim, nh gi cc
ch tiu cht lng mng v dch v nh cc tham s RSRP, RSRQ, SNR, CSSR, CDR,
MOS, Packet loss, Packet delay, Throughput (Up_load & Download).

Ngoi vic o kim cc tham s cht lng mng v dch v, cng c o cng h
tr tng hp cc thng tin mng li nh Cell ID, LAC, v h tr o kim Driving Test.
CHNG I - NGHIN CU TNG QUAN V MNG 4G
(LTE/LTE ADVANCED)

1.1 Tng quan mng 4G LTE/LTE Advanced

1.1.1 Tng quan mng 4G LTE

LTE l mt chun cho cng ngh truyn thng d liu khng dy v l mt s tin
ha ca cc chun GSM/UMTS. Mc tiu ca LTE l tng dung lng v tc d liu
ca cc mng d liu khng dy bng cch s dng cc k thut iu ch v DSP (x l
tn hiu s) mi c pht trin vo u th k 21 ny. Mt mc tiu cao hn l thit k
li v n gin ha kin trc mng thnh mt h thng da trn nn IP vi tr truyn
dn tng gim ng k so vi kin trc mng 3G. Giao din khng dy LTE khng tng
thch vi cc mng 2G v 3G, do n phi hot ng trn mt ph v tuyn ring bit.

c t k thut LTE ch ra tc ti xung nh t 300 Mbit/s, tc ti ln nh t 75

Mbit/s v QoS quy nh cho php tr truyn dn tng th nh hn 5 ms trong mng truy
nhp v tuyn. LTE c kh nng qun l cc thit b di ng chuyn ng nhanh v h tr
cc lung d liu qung b v a im. LTE h tr bng thng linh hot, t 1,25 MHz ti
20 MHz v h tr c song cng phn chia theo tn s (FDD) v song cng phn chia theo
thi gian (TDD). Kin trc mng da trn IP, c gi l mng li EPC v c thit k
thay thay th mng li GPRS, h tr chuyn giao lin tc cho c thoi v d liu ti
trm eNodeB vi cng ngh mng c hn nh GSM, UMTS v CDMA 2000, cc kin
trc n gin v chi ph vn hnh thp hn.

Phn ln tiu chun LTE hng n vic nng cp 3G UMTS cui cng c th
thc s tr thnh cng ngh truyn thng di ng 4G. Mt lng ln cng vic l nhm
mc ch n gin ha kin trc h thng, v n chuyn t mng UMTS s dng kt
hp chuyn mch knh + chuyn mch gi sang h thng kin trc phng ton IP. E-
UTRA l giao din v tuyn ca LTE. N c cc tnh nng chnh sau:
 Tc ti xung nh ln ti 299.6 Mbit/s v tc ti ln t 75.4 Mbit/s ph thuc
vo kiu thit b ngi dng (vi 4x4 anten s dng rng bng thng l 20 MHz).
5 kiu thit b u cui khc nhau c xc nh t mt kiu tp trung vo ging
ni ti kiu thit b u cui cao cp h tr cc tc d liu nh. Tt c cc thit b
u cui u c th x l bng thng rng 20 MHz.
Tr truyn dn d liu tng th thp (thi gian tr i-v di 5 ms cho cc gi IP nh
trong iu kin ti u), tr tng th cho chuyn giao thi gian thit lp kt ni nh hn
so vi cc cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn kiu c.
Ci thin h tr cho tnh di ng, thit b u cui di chuyn vi vn tc ln ti
350 km/h hoc 500 km/h vn c th c h tr ph thuc vo bng tn.
OFDMA c dng cho ng xung, SC-FDMA dng cho ng ln tit kim
cng sut.
H tr c hai h thng dng FDD v TDD cng nh FDD bn song cng vi cng
cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn.
H tr cho tt c cc bng tn hin ang c cc h thng IMT s dng ca ITU-R.
Tng tnh linh hot ph tn: rng ph tn 1,4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz,
15 MHz v 20 MHz c chun ha (W-CDMA yu cu rng bng thng l
5 MHz, dn ti mt s vn vi vic a vo s dng cng ngh mi ti cc quc
gia m bng thng 5 MHz thng c n nh cho nhiu mng, v thng xuyn
c s dng bi cc mng nh 2G GSM v cdmaOne).
Hiu sut s dng ph tn nh ng xung l 16.3 b/s (gi s s dng MIMO 4x4).
Hiu sut s dng ph tn ng ln l 4.32 b/s (gi s s dng SISO)
H tr kch thc t bo t bn knh hng chc m (femto v picocell) ln ti
cc macrocell bn knh 100 km. Trong di tn thp hn dng cho cc khu vc nng
thn, kch thc t bo ti u l 5 km, hiu qu hot ng hp l vn t c
30 km, v khi ln ti 100 km th hiu sut hot ng ca t bo vn c th chp nhn
c. Trong khu vc thnh ph v th, bng tn cao hn (nh 2,6 GHz chu u)
 c dng h tr bng thng di ng tc cao. Trong trng hp ny, kch thc
t bo c th ch cn 1 km hoc thm ch t hn.
H tr t nht 200 u cui d liu hot ng trong mi t bo c bng thng 5 MHz.
n gin ha kin trc: pha mng E-UTRAN ch gm cc eNode B
H tr hot ng vi cc chun c (v d nh GSM/EDGE, UMTS v CDMA2000).
Ngi dng c th bt u mt cuc gi hoc truyn d liu trong mt khu vc s
dng chun LTE, nu ti mt a im khng c mng LTE th ngi dng vn c th
tip tc hot ng nh cc mng GSM/GPRS hoc UMTS dng WCDMA hay thm
ch l mng ca 3GPP2 nh cdmaOne hoc CDMA2000).
Giao din v tuyn chuyn mch gi.
H tr cho MBSFN (Mng qung b n tn). Tnh nng ny c th cung cp cc dch
v nh Mobile TV dng c s h tng LTE, v l mt i th cnh tranh cho truyn
hnh da trn DVB-H.

Tiu chun LTE ch h tr chuyn mch gi vi mng ton IP ca n. Cc cuc gi

thoi trong GSM, UMTS v CDMA2000 l chuyn mch knh, do vi vic thng qua
LTE, cc nh khai thc mng s phi ti b tr li mng chuyn mch knh ca h. C 3
cch tip cn khc nhau hin nay ti b tr li mng chuyn mch knh cho cc nh
mng:

VoLTE (Voice Over LTE Thoi trn nn LTE): Hng ny da trn mng IMS.
CSFB (Circuit Switched Fallback D phng chuyn mch knh): Trong hng ny,
LTE ch cung cp dch v d liu, v khi c cuc gi thoi, Lte s tr li min CS
(chuyn mch knh). Khi s dng gii php ny, cc nh mng ch cn nng cp cc
MSC (trung tm chuyn mch di ng) thay v phi trin khai IMS, do c th cung
cp cc dch v mt cch nhanh chng. Tuy nhin, nhc im l tr thit lp cuc
gi di hn.
SVLTE (Simultaneous Thoi v LTE ng thi): Trong hng ny, in thoi lm
vic ng thi trong ch LTE v CS, vi ch LTE cung cp cc dch v d liu
 v ch CS cung cp dch v thoi. y l mt gii php hon ton da vo my di
ng, n khng c yu cu c bit v mng v khng yu cu phi trin khai IMS.
Nhc im ca gii php ny l in thoi c th t hn do tiu th cng sut nhiu
hn.

1.1.2 Tng quan mng 4G LTE - Advanced

Hin nay, ti nhiu nc trn th gii, khi phin bn u tin ca chun LTE ang
hon thnh th tm im ca s ch ang chuyn sang s tin ha tip theo ca cng
ngh ny, l LTE-Advanced. Mt trong nhng mc tiu ca qu trnh tin ha ny l
t ti v thm ch vt xa nhng yu cu ca IMT-Advanced ca ITU-R nhm ci
thin mt cch ng k v mt hiu nng so vi cc h thng hin ti bao gm c h
thng LTE phin bn u tin. Cc chuyn gia cng ngh cng nhn nh rng LTE cn
phi ci tin v LTE-Advanced s l chun thng tr trong tng lai gn. H cng coi
cng ngh ny mi tht s l 4G do p ng y cc tiu ch k thut m Lin minh
Vin thng Quc t (International Telecommunication Union) t ra cho h thng mng
khng dy th h th 4.Cc yu cu ch yu bao gm:

H tr rng bng tn ln n v bao gm 40 MHz.

Khuyn khch h tr cc rng bng tn rng hn (v d nh 100 MHz).
Hiu sut s dng ph tn nh ng xung ti thiu l 15 bit/Hz/s (gi s s
dng MIMO 4x4).
Hiu sut s dng ph tn nh ng ln ti thiu l 6.75 bit/Hz/s (gi s s dng
MIMO 4x4).
Tc thng lng l thuyt l 1.5 Gb/s.

LTE Advanced l bn nng cp ca LTE v hon ton c th p ng cc yu cu ny:

LTE-Advanced l phin bn nng cp ca LTE v 2 chun ny hon ton tng

thch vi nhau. Cc u cui s dng LTE-Advanced mi vn hot ng tt vi
 cc mng LTE thng thng v ngc li. iu ny c li cho c ngi dng v
nh mng.
V mt l thuyt, LTE-Advanced c tc ti xung t ti 3Gbps, tc ti ln
1,5Gbps. y l mt s vt tri tuyt i khi so snh vi thng s ti xung/ti
ln ca LTE thng l 300Mb/s v 75Mb/s. Khng ch c tc nhanh hn, LTE-
Advanced cng bao gm nhng giao thc truyn ti mi, h tr a an-ten cho
php s lng bit/s truyn ti qua tn ph mt m hn v kt qu l kt ni n
nh hn v chi ph d liu s r hn.
H tr rng bng tn ln n 100 MHz. Vi mt k thut mi c tn l tng
hp sng mang (Carrier Aggregation) LTE Advanced c th lm tng s lng
bng thng kh dng dnh cho thit b di ng bng cch ghp ni cc knh tn
s, hay cn gi l sng mang nm cc phn khc nhau nm ri rc trong ph v
tuyn. LTE thng thng c th cung cp d liu bng cch s dng cc block d
liu lin k ca tn s ln n 20MHz. Nhng khi ngy cng nhiu cc cng ty
cung cp dch v v cng vi n l s lng cc thit b tranh ginh tn s vin
thng ngy cng nhiu, nhng di rng ln ti 20Mhz nh vy ang ngy cng
khan him. Hu ht cc nh khai thc nh phi mua cc bit v mnh tn ph ri
rc, hnh thnh mt su tp phn mnh phc v cho hot ng ca mnh.
Phng thc cung cp dch v kt hp gii quyt vn ny. N cho php cc
nh khai thc kt hp cc knh ri rc, nh b, phn tn thnh "mt ng ng rt
ln". V d, c th kt hp hai knh c rng 10MHz cc tn s 800MHz v
1,8GHz ring bit thnh mt knh 20MHz ton duy nht, c bn tng gp i tc
d liu kh dng cho mi ngi dng. chnh l mt trong cc u im ca
cng ngh mi LTE-Advanced. Hin ti cng ngh ny cho php cc nh mng c
th kt hp ti 5 knh c rng 20Mhz thnh 1 knh c rng 100Mhz, nhanh
hn 5 ln so vi LTE thng thng.
Hiu sut s dng ph tn nh ng xung l 30 b/s (gi s s dng MIMO
8x8). Hiu sut s dng ph tn nh ng ln l 15 b/s (gi s s dng MIMO
4x4). MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) cho php cc trm thu pht v cc
 thit b di ng gi v nhn d liu bng nhiu ng-ten. LTE c h tr phn no
MIMO nhng ch cho chiu ti xung. Ngoi ra chun ny cn gii hn s lng
ng-ten mc ti a l bn b pht pha trm v bn b thu thit b di ng.
LTE-Advanced th cho php ti a tm cp thu pht chiu ti xung v bn cp
chiu ti ln. MIMO thc hin hai chc nng. mi trng khng dy nhiu
nhiunh ti ra cc cell hoc trong mt t ang di chuyncc b pht v
thu s phi hp vi nhau tp trung tn hiu v tuyn vo mt hng c th.
Chc nng beamforming gip cho tn hiu thu c mnh ln m khng cn phi
tng cng sut pht. Khi sng tn hiu mnh cn nhiu th yunh khi ngi
dng ng yn v gn trm phtMIMO c th c dng lm tng tc
d liu, hay tng s lng ngi dng, m khng phi dng thm ph tn s. K
thut ny c tn l ghp knh khng gian (spatial multiplexing), gip nhiu
lung d liu c truyn i cng lc, trn cng tn s sng mang. V d, mt
trm thu pht vi tm b pht c th truyn ng thi tm lung tn hiu ti mt
my in thoi c tm b thu. Do mi lung d liu ti mi b thu c hng,
cng , v thi gian hi khc nhau mt cht nn cc thut ton x l trong my
c th kt hp chng vi nhau v da vo nhng khc bit ny tm ra cc lung
d liu gc. Thng thng th ghp knh khng gian c th lm tng tc d
liu t l thun vi s cp ng-ten thu pht. Do vy, trong trng hp kh quan
nht, 8 cp thu pht c th tng tc d liu ln khong 8 ln.
Mt cng ngh quan trng khc ca LTE-Advanced l truyn ni tip (relaying),
c dng m rng vng ph sng ti nhng ni c tn hiu yu. Cc k s
thit k mng vn thng dng cng ngh ny m rng vng ph sng ca cc
trm thu pht ti ni xa xi hoc trong ng hm ca tu ha. Du vy th cc b
truyn ni tip thng thng, hay cn gi l b lp, li kh n gin. Chng nhn
tn hiu, khuych i, ri truyn i. LTE-Advanced h tr cc ch truyn ni
tip tin tin hn. Trc tin n s gii m tt c cc d liu thu c ri sau
ch chuyn i nhng d liu c ch n l cc thit b di ng m mi b truyn
ni tip ang phc v. Phng php ny gip gim can nhiu v tng s lng
 khch hng kt ni ti b truyn ni tip. LTE-Advanced cn cho php cc b
truyn ni tip dng cng ph tn s v cc giao thc ca trm thu pht lin lc
vi trm thu pht v vi cc thit b u cui. Li th ca vic ny l n cho php
cc my LTE kt ni ti b truyn ni tip nh th l mt trm thu pht thng
thng. B truyn ni tip s ch pht sng vo nhng thi im c th khi m
trm thu pht khng hot ng trnh gy nhiu cho trm thu pht.
Mt cng c quan trng khc ca LTE-Advanced th s gip gii quyt hin tng
nghn mng. c bit ti vi ci tn eICIC (enhanced inter-cell interference
coordination), n s c s dng trong h thng c gi l mng khng ng
nht (Heterogeneous Networks). Trong mng ny, cc trm thu pht cng sut
thp s to ra cc cell nh nm chng ln mng li cc cell ln do cc trm thu
pht thng thng to ra. Rt nhiu nh mng bt u s dng cc trm thu
pht nh vi nhiu mc kch c (cn c gi bng cc tn metro-, micro-, pico-,
hay femtocell) tng mc ti d liu trong cc vng th ng c. Nhng b
thu pht ny c kch thc nh gn, gi thnh r, khng cng knh, v lp t th
d dng hn. Do vy m gii phn tch cho rng chng c tng lai ti sng.
Nhng khi cc nh mng t ngy cng nhiu trm thu pht vo cng mt khu
vc, h s phi tm cch gim thiu can nhiu kh trnh khi gia chng. Giao
thc eICIC c xy dng da trn giao thc ICIC ca LTE vn gip gim can
nhiu gia hai cell ln. S dng ICIC, mt trm thu pht c th gim cng sut
pht nhng tn s v khong thi gian c th trong khi mt trm k bn s dng
nhng ti nguyn lin lc vi cc my ang ra vng ph sng ca n. Tuy
nhin phng php chia s ph ny ch c tc dng vi cc lung d liu. lin
lc c vi mt thit b di ng v gip n hiu c lung d liu th trm pht
phi truyn i cc tn hiu iu khin trong c cha cc thng tin v qun l
nh lch trnh hot ng, cc yu cu pht li, v cc ch dn gii m. Do thit
b di ng ch cc thng ip ny ti trn cc tn s v thi im c th, nn mt
trm pht khng th thoi mi cho cc trm bn cnh dng nhng ti nguyn
mi khi chng cn. LTE gii quyt vn ny bng cch pht cc tn hiu iu
 khin c th chu c lng can nhiu tng i cao. Tuy vy, s xut hin ca
cc cell nh li lm cho mi vic phc tp hn. V d khi mt s thit b di ng
mun thit lp kt ni ti mt cell nh ang nm trong mt cell ln, th cc tn
hiu iu khin t cell ln c th ln t nhng tn hiu ny t cell nh. Giao thc
eICIC x l tnh hung ny theo mt trong hai cch sau. Nu h thng mng c s
dng k thut cng gp sng mang ghp hai hay nhiu knh tn s th cell ln
v cell nh s ch vic s dng cc knh tch bit gi cc tn hiu iu khin.
Tuy vy c hai cell u s dng tt c cc knh truyn d liu nn khch hng
di ng vn hng li t vic gp bng thng. Hai cell ny chia s ph tn s,
bng cch phi hp vi nhau s dng cc tn s trong nhng thi im khc
nhau, tng t nh trong ICIC. i vi cc mng ch s dng mt knh tn s,
eICIC c mt gii php khc. N cho php cell ln dng vic truyn d liu v
gim cng sut pht tn hiu iu khin trong nhng khong thi gian di 1/1000
giy c quy nh trc, gi l cc khung cp thp (subframe). Mt cell nh
c th thu xp truyn c tn hiu iu khin v d liu trong nhng khong thi
gian ny. K thut ny cho php nhiu ngi dng kt ni ti cell nh v do vy
tng dung lng d liu.
Tnh nng chnh cui cng trong danh sch cc tnh nng ca LTE-Advanced s
gip ci thin hn na tn hiu v tng tc d liu ti vng bin ca cc cell,
ni m c th kh c c mt kt ni tt. K thut ny c tn gi l CoMP
(coordinated multipoint phi hp a im). V c bn, n cho php mt thit b
di ng cng mt lc trao i d liu vi nhiu trm thu pht. V d nh hai trm
thu pht lin k c th cng lc gi d liu ging nhau ti mt thit b do tng
kh nng nhn c tn hiu tt ca thit b . Tng t nh vy, mt thit b
cng c th cng mt lc ti d liu ln c hai trm thu pht, cc trm ny ng
vai tr nh mt mng ng-ten o s cng nhau x l tn hiu thu c loi b
li. Hoc thit b c th ti d liu ln qua cell nh gn bn, gip gim nng
lng pht trong khi vn nhn tn hiu ti xung tt t mt trm thu pht ln hn.
1.2 Kin trc mng 4G LTE/ LTE Advanced

Kin trc mng LTE c thit k vi mc tiu h tr hon ton chuyn mch gi
vi tnh di ng linh hot, cht lng dch v cao v tr ti thiu. Vi mt thit k
phng hn, n gin hn, ch vi 2 nt ch th l eNodeB v thc th qun l di ng
MME (Mobility Management Entity). Phn iu khin mng v tuyn RNC c loi b
v thay vo chc nng ca n s c thc hin trong cc eNodeB. Hnh 2 - 1 di
y m t kin trc v cc thnh phn ca mng LTE. Kin trc ca mng v c bn c
chia thnh cc phn chnh bao gm : mng truy nhp v tuyn E-UTRAN (Evolved
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network), mng li EPC (Evolved Packet Core), vng
dch v (Services Domain).

Hnh 1 - 1: Kin trc c bn ca h thng LTE

1.2.1 Mng truy nhp v tuyn E-UTRAN

Mc d UMTS, HSDPA v HSUPA cng cc phin bn pht trin ca chng c

th cung cp truyn ti d liu vi tc cao, s dng d liu khng dy. Tuy nhin do
nhu cu ca cc dch v v ni dung trn ng truyn i hi cc nh mng phi c tc
nhanh hn nhng li phi gim chi ph cho ngi s dng ti u cui. Do 3GPP
pht trin mt giao din v tuyn mi p ng cc nhu cu ny. E UTRAN (Evolved
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access) ra i v l phin bn nng cp ca giao din v
tuyn cho cc mng di ng.

Cc tnh nng ca E UTRAN:

- i vi h thng LTE tc ti xung ln nht c th t ti 300 Mbit/s (vi h thng

MIMO 4x4 anten), 150 Mbit/s (vi h thng MIMO 2x2 anten) vi rng bng tn 20
MHz. Cn i vi h thng LTE Advanced s dng MIMO 8x8 anten tc ti xung
ln nht c th t ti 3000 Mbit/s trn bng tn c rng 100 Mhz.

- i vi h thng LTE tc ti ln ln nht c th t ti 75 Mbit/s vi bng tn 20

MHz, cn vi LTE Advanced th c th ln ti 1500 Mbit/s vi bng tn 100 Mhz.

- Tr truyn ti d liu thp (khong 5ms cho cc gi IP nh trong iu kin ti u), thi
gian tr cho vic chuyn giao v thi gian thit lp kt ni cng thp hn.

- H tr cho cc thit b u cui di chuyn vi tc cao c th ln ti 350 500 km/h

ty thuc vo bng tn.

- H tr c FDD v TDD song cng, FDD bn song cng cho cng mt cng ngh truy
nhp v tuyn.

- H tr tt c cc bng tn ang c s dng cho cc h thng IMT theo ITU R.

- Bng thng linh hot: 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz u
c chun ha.

- Tng hiu qu s dng tn s c th ln ti 2-5 ln so vi trong 3GPP (HSPA) phin bn 6.

- H tr cc cell c bn knh t vi chc met (femto v pico cell) cho ti 100 km (marco cell).

- Kin trc n gin: v pha mt phng mng ca E UTRAN c to nn ch bng cc

eNodeB.
- H tr tng tc vi cc h thng khc (nh GSM/EDGE, UMTS, CDMA 2000,
WIMAX).

- E UTRAN l giao din v tuyn chuyn mch gi.

1.2.1.1 User Equipment (UE)

UE l thit b u cui m ngi s dng dng kt ni. Thng thng UE l cc

thit b cm tay nh in thoi thng minh hoc cc card d liu c s dng nh trong
2G v 3G. UE thng c mt module nhn dng thu bao gi l USIM (Universal
Subscriber Identity Module), y l mt module ring bit vi cc phn cn li ca UE
thng c gi l thit b u cui TE (Terminal Equipment). USIM thng c s
dng nhn dng v xc thc thu bao v dng cc kha bo mt cho vic bo v truyn
ti trong giao din v tuyn. Chc nng chnh ca UE l nn tng cho cc ng dng kt
ni, gip cho tn hiu kt ni vi mng c thit lp, duy tr v ngt khi ngi s dng
yu cu. iu ny bao gm cc chc nng qun l tnh di ng nh chuyn giao, thng
bo v tr ca thit b v nhng vic s c UE thc hin theo cc ch dn ca mng.
Chc nng quan trng nht c l l UE cung cp giao din ngi s dng cc ng dng
ti cho ngi s dng.

1.2.1.2 ENodeB

E UTRAN n gin c th hiu l mt mng cc ENodeB kt ni vi nhau, cc

ENodeB c phn b khp cc vng ph sng ca mjang.ENodeB l trm gc mi pht
trin t NodeB trong UTRAN ca UMTS v l nt mng duy nht trong mng truy nhp
v tuyn E - UTRAN. ENodeB va thc hin chc nng nh mt NodeB bnh thng
va thc hin chc nng iu khin nh RNC (Radio Network Controller), vic n gin
ha kin trc ny cho php gim thi gian tr trong cc hot ng ca giao din v
tuyn.ENodeB hot ng nh mt cu ni lp 2 gia UE v mng li EPC, ENodeB l
im kt thc ca tt c cc giao thc v tuyn v pha UE v chuyn tip d liu gia kt
ni v tuyn v cc kt ni IP tng ng v pha EPC. Trong vai tr ny cc ENodeB
thc hin vic nn/gii nn cc tiu IP, m ha/gii m cc d liu trn mt phng
ngi s dng.

Cc giao din kt ni ca ENodeB:

- ENodeB kt ni vi thit b ca ngi s dng thng qua giao din LTE Uu bng giao
thc OFDMA (theo hng xung) v giao thc SC FDMA (theo hng ln).

- ENodeB kt ni vi thc th qun l di ng MME thng qua giao thc S1 AP trn

giao din S1 MME (hay S1 C) cho cc lu lng ca mt phng iu khin.

- ENodeB kt ni vi Serving Gateway (S - GW) thng qua giao thc GTP U trn giao
din S1 U cho cc lu lng ca mt phng ngi s dng.

C 2 giao din S1 MME v S1 U c gi chung l giao din S1 l giao din kt ni

t ENodeB ti mng li EPC.

- ENodeB s dng giao thc X2 AP trn giao din X2 kt ni vi cc ENodeB khc.

Hnh 1 - 2: Cc kt ni ca ENodeB ti cc nt logic khc v cc chc nng chnh

ENodeB cng thc hin nhiu cc chc nng trn mt phng iu khin:

- Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn RRM (Radio Resource Management): iu khin vic

s dng ti nguyn trn cc giao din v tuynnh phn b ti nguyn da trn yu cu,
cu hnh v lp lch lu lng theo cc yu cu QoS, lin tc gim st vic s dng ti
nguyn trn giao din v tuyn.

- Qun l tnh di ng MM (Mobility Management): o c v phn tch mc tn

hiu trn cc kt ni vi UE, qun l cc UE trong vng ph sng ca ENodeB, kt ni
ti cc ENodeB khc trao i cc thng tin chuyn giao gia ENodeB v MME, la
chn MME khi c yu cu t mt UE, cung cp d liu mt phng ngi s dng ti cc
cng dch v S GW. Cc ENodeB c th phc v ng thi nhiu UE trong vng ph
sng ca n nhng mi UE ch c kt ni ti mt ENodeB trong cng mt thi im.
Mt ENodeB c th kt ni ti nhiu MME v S GW nhm mc ch phn ti v d
phng, tuy nhin mi UE ch c phc v bi mt MME v S GW ti mt thi im
v ENodeB phi chu trch nhim v vic nh tuyn cng nh phi duy tr vic theo di
cc lin kt ny.

Hnh 1 - 2 cho chng ta thy cc kt ni ca ENodeB ti cc nt logic khc cng

vi cc chc nng chnh ca ENodeB trn cc giao din ny. Trong tt c cc kt ni ca
ENodeB c th c dng mt nhiu hoc nhiu nhiu. Mt ENodeB c th phc v
nhiu UE trong vng ph sng ca n, tuy nhin mi UE ch kt ni ti mt ENodeB
trong mt thi im. Vic cc ENodeB kt ni ti cc ENodeB hng xm trao i
thng tin chuyn giao l rt cn thit khi n phi thc hin chuyn giao. Cc MME v S
GW l mt tp hp cc nt c gp li phc v mt tp hp cc ENodeB ring bit.
Mt ENodeB c th kt ni ti nhiu nhiu MME v S GW tuy nhin mi UE ch c
phc v bi mt MME v S GW ti mt thi im, v ENodeB s theo di cc lin kt
ny. Cc lin kt ny s khng bao gi thay i vi mt ENodeB ring l, bi v MME v
S GW ch thay i lin kt khi c s chuyn giao lin ENodeB.
1.2.1.3 T cu hnh trn cc giao din S1 MME v X2

Trong 3GPP phin bn 8 chp thun nh ngha cho vic h tr t cu hnh trn
cc giao din S1 MME v X2. V c bn qu trnh thc hin vic t cu hnh c trnh
by trong hnh 1 - 3. Khi mt ENodeB c bt ln (v c tn ti sn mt kt ni IP), n
s kt ni n O&M (Operation and Maintenance) (da trn cc a ch IP c bit)
nhn c cc tham s trong cc iu khon i vi mi thnh phn ca mng m n
kt ni ti, cng nh cc tham s khi to ban u ca nh cung cp dch v chng hn
nh bng tn hot ng v cc loi tham s bao gm cho cc knh qung b.

Hnh 1 - 3: Cc bc t cu hnh ca ENodeB

Vic t cu hnh ny d kin bao gm c vic thit lp kt ni S1 MME bng
cch u tin s thit lp lin kt SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) vi t
nht mt MME, v mt khi c kt ni n s tip tc trao i cc thng tin trn lp
ng dng to ra cc hot ng trn giao din S1 MME. Sau khi lin kt ti MME
tn ti, th sau cc lin kt ti S GW cn c thit lp cho vic truyn d liu trn
mt phng ngi s dng.
 kch hot cc chc nng nh iu khin tnh di ng v nhiu cc cell ln cn,
vic cu hnh giao din X2 cng cn tun theo cc bc tng t nh giao din S1
MME. C mt s khc bit y l ban u ENodeB s thit lp kt ni X2 cho
nhng ENodeB c ch nh t O&M v sau khi thch ng c vi cc iu kin
mi trng th s tin hnh ti u ha min kt ni X2 da trn nhu cu thc t ca vic
chuyn giao. Cc thng s c trao i trn giao din X2 gm c:

- nh danh ton cu ca ENodeB.

- Thng tin v cc tham s c th nh Physical Cell ID (PCI), tn s ng ln/ng

xung c s dng, bng thng c s dng.

- Cc MME kt ni ti. (MME Pool)

2.2.2 Kin trc mng li LTE (EPC Evolved Packet Core)

Mt trong nhng thay i ln nht trong kin trc mng LTE l trong khu vc
mng li ch s dng mt phng thc chuyn mch duy nht l chuyn mch gi.
Kin trc ca mng li EPC hng ti l mt kin trc n gin, mt kin trc all IP
cng vi vic phn chia lu lng theo cc mt phng iu khin v mt phng ngi s
dng, h tr tc cao hn v tr nh hn nhng li gim c chi ph.

Cc thnh phn ca mng li EPC bao gm:

1.2.2.1 Thc th qun l tnh di ng MME (Mobility Management Entity)

Thc th qun l tnh di ng MME l thnh phn iu khin chnh trong mng li
EPC. Thng thng MME l cc my chc t ti mt v tr an ton ca nh cung
cp. MME ch hot ng trn mt phng iu khin v khng tham gia vo vic truyn d
liu trn mt phng ngi s dng.Nh chng ta thy trong kin trc ca LTE rng
khng c cc giao din kt ni trc tip t MME ti UE tuy nhin MME c mt kt ni
logic trc tip ti UE trn mt phng iu khin, kt ni ny c s dng nh mt knh
iu khin chnh gia UE v mng. Cc chc nng chnh ca MME bao gm:
Xc thc v bo mt:Khi mt UE ng k vo mng ln u tin, MME s thc hin
vic khi to vic xc thc theo cc bc sau: u tin MME s tm kim nh danh
thng tr ca UE t cc mng khc hoc t chnh UE, sau yu cu t my ch qun
l thu bao thng tr trong mng ch ca UE cc vector xc thc c cha cc cp tham
s xc thc c dng yu cu p ng; gi cc yu cu ti UE v so snh p ng nhn
c t UE vi mt p ng nhn c t mng ch. Chc nng ny l cn thit m
bo rng UE ng l thit b m MME ang cn xc thc. MME c th lp li vic xc
thc khi cn hoc theo cc chu k. MME s tnh ton to ra cc kha m ha v kha
bo v ton vn t cc kha chnh nhn c trong cc vector xc thc ca mng ch, v
n s iu khin cc thit lp lin quan trong mng truy nhp v tuyn E UTRAN cho
cc mt phng iu khin v mt phng ngi s dng mt cch ring bit. bo v s
ring t ca UE, MME s cung cp cho mi UE mt nh danh tm thi Globally Unique
Temporary Identity (GUTI), iu ny gip cho vic gi cc nh danh thng tr ca UE
International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) trn giao din v tuyn c ti thiu
ha. Cc nh danh GUTI c th c cp li theo nh k ngn chn vic theo di UE
khng c xc thc.

Qun l tnh di ng: MME theo di v tr ca tt c cc UE trong khu vc dch v ca

n. Khi mt UE ln u tin ng k vo mng, MME to mt mc cho UE v tn hiu v
bo hiu v tr ti my ch HSS trong mng ch ca UE. MME yu cu cc ti nguyn
thch hp cho vic thit lp ti ENodeB cng nh ti S GW m n chn cho UE.
MME iu khin vic thit lp v gii phng ti nguyn da trn s thay i trng thi
hot ng ca UE. MME cng tham gia vo vic iu khin tn hiu cho vic chuyn giao
thng tin trng thi hot ng ca UE gia cc ENodeB, S GW hoc cc MME khc.
MME cng c lin quan ti mi s thay i ca ENodeB, bi v n khng c cc RNC
ring bit giu i cc s kin thay i ny. Mt UE nhn ri s bo co v tr ca n
hoc l theo nh k hoc l khi n di chuyn vo mt vng theo di (Tracking Area)
khc. Nu d liu c nhn t cc mng ngoi ca mt UE rnh ri, th MME s c
thng bo v yu cu cc ENodeB trong vng theo di lu tr li cc thng tin trong
mc ca UE.

Qun l h s thu bao v dch v kt ni:Ti thi im mt UE ng k vo mng,

MME c trch nhim ly h s thu bao t mng ch v lu tr thng tin ny trong sut
thi gian phc v UE. H s ny s xc nh cc kt ni PDN (Packet Data Network) s
c cp cho UE kt ni vo mng. MME s t ng thit lp sng mangmc nh
c th cung cp cho UE cc kt ni IP c bn. iu ny bao gm bo hiu trn mt phng
iu khin vi ENodeB v S GW. Ti bt k thi im no sau ny, MME cn phi
tham gia vo vic thit lp cc sng mang dnh ring cho cc dch v iu s c hiu
qu trong vic x l nhanh hn. MME c th nhn cc yu cu thit lp sng mang dnh
ring hoc l t S GW nu nh yu cu c xut pht t vng dch v ca cc nh
cung cp dch v hoc trc tip t UE nu nh UE yu cu mt kt ni cho mt dch v
m khng bit c cung cp bi vng dch v ca nh cung cp dch v no, v khng
th khi to c t .

V nguyn tc MME c th kt ni ti bt k MME no trong h thng tuy nhin

ch kt ni ti mt nh cung cp dch v duy nht. Cc kt ni gia cc MME c s
dng khi mt UE di chuyn qu xa so vi MME c v ng k trong mt MME mi,
MME mi sau s nhn c nh danh thng tr IMSI t MME c. Cc kt ni lin
MME vi cc MME hng xm c s dng trong vic chuyn giao.

Cc kt ni ti mt s my ch HSS cng cn c h tr. Cc HSS thng c

phn b ti mi mng ch ca ngi s dng, v vic nh tuyn ti n c th c tm
thy da trn IMSI. Mi MME s c cu hnh iu khin mt tp hp S GW v
ENodeB. Tuy nhin cc S GW v ENodeB c th kt ni ti nhiu MME khc nhau.
Cc MME c th phc v nhiu UE ti cng mt thi im nhng mi UE ch c th kt
ni ti mt MME ti cng mt thi im.
 Hnh 1 - 4: Cc kt ni ca MME ti cc nt logic khc v cc chc nng chnh
1.2.2.2 Cng phc v S GW (Serving gateway)

Trong kin trc c bn ca h thng, ti mc high level chc nng ca S GW

l qun l cc ng hm v vic chuyn mch trn mt phng ngi s dng. S GW l
mt trong nhng thnh phn trong c s h tng mng c khai thcti mt v tr trung
tm trong mng ca cc nh cung cp dch v.

S GW lin kt vi cng mng d liu gi P GW qua giao din S5/S8. Nu giao

din S5/S8 da trn giao thc GTP (GPRS Tunnelling Protocol) th S GW s c cc
ng hm GTP trn tt c cc giao din thuc mt phng ngi s dng ca n. Vic
nh x gia cc lung dch v IP v cc ng hm GTP c thc hin ti P GW v S
GW khng cn thit phi kt ni ti PCRF. Nu giao din S5/S8 s dng giao thc
PMIP (Proxy Mobile Internet Protocol) th S GW s thc hin vic nh x cc lung
dch v IP trong giao din S5/S8 v cc ng hm GTP trn giao din S1 U, v s kt
ni ti PCRF nhn cc thng tin nh x.

S GW c mt vai tr rt nh trong cc chc nng iu khin, n ch p ng cho

cc ti nguyn ca chnh n v phn b chng theo yu cu t MME, P GW hoc PCRF
hoc cc hot ng cn thit cho vic thit lp, sa cha hoc hy b cc sng mang cho
UE. Nu nh nhn c yu cu t P GW hoc PCRF th S GW s truyn lnh ti
MME n iu khin ng hm ti ENodeB. Tng t nh vy khi MME khi to cc
yu cu, th S GW s bo hiu hoc cho P GW hoc PCRF ph thuc vo giao din
S5/S8 da trn giao thc GTP hay PMIP. Nu giao din S5/S8 da trn giao thc PMIP,
th d liu trong giao din s l cc lung IP t trong mt ng hm GRE (Generic
Routing Encapsulation) cho mi UE; cn nu giao din S5/S8 da trn giao thc GTP th
mi sng mang s c mt ng hm GTP ca chnh n.

MME c th ra lnh cho S GW chuyn cc ng hm t mt ENodeB ny sang

mt ENodeB khc. MME cng c th yu cu S GW cung cp cc ng hm cho vic
chuyn tip d liu, khi m cn chuyn tip d liu t ENodeB ngun n mt ENodeB
ch trong lc UE ang thc hin chuyn giao v tuyn. Trong cc kch bn tnh di ng
c th bao gm vic thay i t mt S GW ny sang mt ci khc, MME s iu khin
vic thay i ny sao cho ph hp, bng cch xa b cc ng hm cho S GW c v
thit lp cc ng hm cho S GW mi.

i vi tt c cc lung d liu i ti mt UE ang trng thi kt ni, S GW

s chuyn tip d liu gia ENodeB v P GW. Tuy nhin nu UE trng thi rnh ri,
cc ngun ti nguyn trn ENodeB c gii phng v ng truyn d liu s kt
thc ti S GW. Nu S GW nhn c cc gi d liu t P GW trn bt k ng
hm no, n s cho cc gi vo b m v yu cu MME khi to paging cho cc UE,
iu ny chnh l nguyn nhn gip cho UE kt ni li v sau cc ng hm cng
c kt ni li v cc gi tin trong b m s c gi i. S GW s theo di d liu
trong cc ng hm v c th thu thp cc d liu cho vic tnh cc ca ngi s dng.
S GW cng gm chc nng cho vic ngn chn hp php, iu ny c ngha l c th
cung cp d liu theo di ca ngi s dng cho chnh quyn kim tra.
 Hnh 1 - 5: Cc kt ni ca S - GW ti cc nt logic khc v cc chc nng chnh
Hnh 1 - 5 cho ta thy cch S GW kt ni ti cc nt logic khc, v cc chc
nng chnh trn cc giao din ny. Tt c cc giao din u c cu hnh theo dng mt
nhiu khi quan st trn mt S GW. Mt S GW c th phc v mt khu vc a l c
th vi mt s hn ch cc ENodeB, v tng t s c mt s hn ch cc MME iu
khin khu vc ny. S GW c th kt ni ti bt k P GW no trong ton b mng, bi
v P GW khng thay i trong sut qu trnh di ng, trong khi S GW c th c
nh v li khi UE di chuyn. i vi cc kt ni lin quan n mt UE, S GW s lun
bo hiu vi ch mt MME, v t cc im trn mt phng ngi s dng ti mt
ENodeB ti mt thi im. Nu nh UE cho php kt ni ti nhiu mng d liu gi PDN
(Packet Data Network) thng qua cc P GW khc nhau, th S GW cn kt ni n
chng mt cch ring bit. Nu giao din S5/S8 da trn giao thc PMIP, S GW s kt
ni ti mt PCRS cho mi P GW ring bit m UE s dng.

Hnh 1 - 5 cng cho chng ta thy trng hp chuyn tip d liu gin tip khi d
liu trn mt phng ngi s dng c chuyn tip gia cc ENodeB thng qua cc S
GW. Cc giao din c s dng gia cc S GW khng c tn c th tuy nhin n c
nh dng gn ging nh giao din S1 U, n gip S GW c th kt ni trc tip vi
mt ENodeB. iu ny trong trng hp chuyn tip d liu gin tip s thc hin trn
ch mt S GW, cc ENodeB c th kt ni ti cng mt S GW.

1.2.2.3 Cng mng d liu gi P GW (Packet Data Network gateway)

P GW l cc b nh tuyn bin gia EPS v cc mng chuyn mch gi khc.

Thng thng P GW hot ng nh mt nt IP (IP point)c gn vi UE, n thc hin
cc chc nng chn v lc lu lng i qua theo yu cu ca dch v. Tng t nh S
GW, cc P GW cng c khai thcti mt v tr trung tm trong mng ca cc nh
cung cp dch v.

Chc nng ca P GW l phn b cc a ch IP ti cho UE, v UE s dng a

ch IP kt ni vi cc IP host trong cc mng ngoi. Mt mng PDN bn ngoi m
UE kt ni n cng c th phn b a ch ang c s dng bi UE, v P GW s to
cc ng hm cho tt c cc lu lng n mng . Cc a ch IP lun lun c phn
b khi UE yu cu mt kt ni PDN, hoc c thc hin nu c mt UE kt ni ti
mng, v c th c phn b khi c mt kt ni PDN mi iu ny l cn thit. P GW
thc hin vic phn b a ch IP s yu cu cc chc nng DHCP (Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol), hoc truy vn n mt my ch DHCP bn ngoi v gi cc a
ch n UE. Ch IPv4, ch IPv6 hoc c hai loi a ch s c phn b nu cn, UE c
th bo hiu n mun nhn c loi a ch no trong bo hiu Attachsignalling, hoc
trong trng hp UE mun cu hnh a ch sau khi link layer c kt ni.

P GW bao gm c PCEF (Policy and Charging Enforcement Function), iu ny

c ngha l P GW thc hin cc chc nng chn v lc lu lng theo cc chnh sch
c thit lp cho UE v cc dch v theo yu cu, P GW s thu thp v bo co cc
thng tin lin quan ti vic tnh cc.

Lu lng trn mt phng ngi s dng gia P GW v cc mng ngoi s c

nh dng theo cc gi tin IP v i theo cc lung dch v IP khc nhau. Nu giao din
S5/S8 vi S GW da trn giao thc GTP, P GW thc hin vic nh x gia cc lung
d liu IP vi cc ng hm GTP bng cc sng mang. P GW thit lp cc sng mang
da trn cc yu cu nhn c thng qua PCRF hoc ti t S GW, hoc cc thng tin
chuyn tip ti t MME. Trong trng hp cui, P GW cn phi tng tc vi PCRF
nhn c thng tin iu khin chnh sch ph hp nu nh thng tin khng c cu
hnh trong P GW. Nu giao din S5/S8 da trn giao thc PMIP, P GW s nh x tt
c cc lung dch v IP t cc mng ngoi ti mt UE vo trong mt ng hm GRE, v
tt c cc thng tin iu khin s ch c trao i vi PCRF. P GW cng c cc chc
nng cho vic gim st cc lung d liu cho mc ch tnh cc v cc chc nng cho
vic ngn chn hp php. Khi mt UE di chuyn t mt S GW ny sang mt S GW
khc, cc sng mang s chuyn mch trong P GW. P GW s nhn c cc ch th
chuyn mch t S GW mi.

Hnh 1 - 6: Cc kt ni ca P - GW ti cc nt logic khc v cc chc nng chnh

Hnh 1 - 6 cho chng ta thy cc kt ni ca P GW ti cc nt logic khc trong
mng v chc nng chnh ca P GW trn tng giao din. Mi P GW c th kt ni ti
mt hoc nhiu PCRF, S GW, v mng ngoi. i vi mt UE lin kt vi P GW,
th ch c duy nht S GW, nhng c th kt ni ti nhiu mng ngoi v tng ng vi
nhiu PCRF cn c h tr, cn nu kt ni ti nhiu mng PDN th c h tr thng
qua mt P GW.

1.2.2.4 PCRF (Policy and Charging Resource Function)

PCRF l mt thnh phn ca mng p ng cho chc nng iu khin chnh

sch v tnh cc. N s a ra cc quyt nh cho vic x l cc dch v nh th no
theo QoS, v cung cp cc thng tin ti cc PCEF c t trong P GW, v p dng cho
c cc BBERF c t trong S GW nhm mc ch thit lp cc sng mang v chnh
sch tng ng. PCRF l mt my ch thng c t cng vi cc thnh phn khc ca
mng li tp trung ti mt v tr ca nh cung cp dch v.

Cc thng tin m PCRF cung cp cho PCEF c gi l cc lut iu khin chnh

sch v tnh cc PCC (Policy and Charging Control). PCRF s gi cc lut PCC bt c
khi no c mt sng mang mi c thit lp. iu ny i vi vic thit lp sng mang
l cn thit, v d nh khi UE khi to vic kt ni ti mng v mt sng mang s c
thit lp, v ngay sau mt hoc nhiu sng mang dnh ring s c thit lp. PCRF
c th cung cp cc lut PCC da trn yu cu t P GW v t S GW trong trng hp
giao din S5/S8 da trn giao thc PMIP, hoc da trn yu cu t cc AF (Application
Function) nm trong cc vng dch v (Service Domain). Trong kch bn ny UE s nhn
bo hiu trc tip t Service Domain v AF s y thng tin QoS ca dch v ti PCRF
to ra cc lut PCC sau s y cc lut ny ti P GW, v cc thng tin nh x
sng mang ti S GW. Sau cc sng mang EPC s c thit lp da trn cc thng
tin . Cc kt ni gia PCRF v cc nt khc ch ra trong hnh 1 - 7. Mi PCRF c
th c lin kt vi mt hoc nhiu AF, P GW, v S GW. Tuy nhin ch c mt
PCRF c kt ni vi mi kt ni PDN ca mt UE ring l.
 Hnh 1 - 7: Cc kt ni ca PCRF ti cc nt logic khc v cc chc nng chnh
1.2.2.5 My ch thu bao thng tr HSS (Home Subscriber Server)

My ch thu bao thng tr HSS l ni lu tr d liu thu bao ca tt c cc

thu bao c nh. N cng ghi li v tr ca ngi s dng i vi cc nt iu khin
mng m ngi s dng kt ni ti, chng hn nh MME. HSS l mt my ch c s
d liu c khai thc ti mt v tr trung tm trong mng ca nh cung cp dch v.

HSS lu tr bn sao gc ca thng tin v thu bao, trong c cha thng tin v cc dch
v ang c p dng cho ngi s dng, bao gm cc thng tin v vic cho php cc kt
ni ti mng PDN, v vic roaming n cc mng khc c c cho php hay khng.
h tr tnh di ng gia cc mng truy nhp non 3GPP, HSS cng lu tr c nh danh
ca cc P GW m chng s dng. Cc kha vnh vin c s dng tnh ton cc
vector xc thc, sau c gi n mt mng khc dng xc thc ngi s dng v
to ra cc kha tip theo cho vic m ha v bo mt ton vn, cc kha ny c lu tr
ti trung tm xc thc AuC (Authentication Center) ni thng l mt phn nm trong
HSS. Trong tt c cc bo hiu lin quan ti cc chc nng ny, HSS s tng tc vi
MME. HSS cn kt ni ti mi MME trong ton b mng, ni m cc UE c php di
chuyn. i vi mi UE, HSS s ghi li v tr ca MME ang phc v UE ti mt thi
im, v ngay sau khi mt MME mi thng bo l n ang phc v UE, HSS s xa v tr
ca MME trc v lu v tr ca MME mi.
1.2.3 Cc vng dch v

Cc vng dch v c th bao gm cc h thng trong c mt vi nt logic. Cc

vng dch v c phn loi theo cc loi dch v c th c cung cp cng vi mt m
t ngn v c s h tng cn phi cung cp cho chng:

- Cc dch v ca nh cung cp da trn IMS (IP Multimedia System): Cc nh cung cp

dch v c th cung cp cc dch v thng qua h thng IMS bng cch s dng giao thc
SIP (Session Initiation Protocol).

- Cc dch v ca nh cung cp khng da trn IMS: Cc dch v ny khng c nh

ngha trong cc tiu chun. Mt cch n gin cc nh cung cp c th t mt my ch
trong mng ca h v UE kt ni ti my ch thng qua mt vi giao thc c cho
php m c h tr bi cc ng dng ca UE.

- Cc dch v khc khng c cung cp bi cc nh cung cp mng di ng v d nh

cc dch v c cung cp qua Internet: Cc kin trc ny khng c cp n trong
cc tiu chun ca 3GPP, v n ph thuc vo yu cu ca dch v. Cu hnh in hnh s
l UE kt ni ti mt my ch trong mng Internet.

1.2.3.1 M hnh cung cp dch v thoi VoLTE

Voice over LTE hay VoLTE c nh ngha nh mt tiu chun cho vic cung
cp cc dch v trn mng chuyn mch knh ch yu l cc dch v thoi v SMS c
th cung cp trn mng ch c chuyn mch gi ca LTE, bng cch tn dng cc mng
li ca h thng IMS (IP Multimedia Sub-System). Khi cc mng di ng c trin khai
trn cng ngh LTE, VoLTE l rt ph hp trong vic gip cho cc nh cung cp dch v
c th m bo lin kt gia mng LTE ca h vi cc thit b ca ngi s dng ang
lin kt ti mng, cng nh cung cp cc dch v ng nh mong i ca ngi s dng
trong cc dch v thoi thng thng, thoi multimedia v SMS. Cng vi cc chnh sch
iu khin (Policy Control), IMS s cung cp cc cht lng dch v cn thit ph hp
cho cc dch v thoi s dng cng ngh LTE, qua cung cp cc tri nghim m ngi
dng mong mun vi cc dch v thoi. Hn na, VoLTE c thit k sao cho tng
thch y gip ngi s dng cm nhn c ging ht nh khi dch v thoi c
trin khai trn cc thit b chuyn mch knh, v do ngi s dng s khng cm nhn
c l mnh ang s dng cuc gi trn nn chuyn mch knh hay cuc gi VoLTE
(bao gm vic di chuyn khi vng ph sng ca mng LTE). 3GPP phin bn 8 l phin
bn u tin h tr LTE, v l c s cho VoLTE, tuy nhin khng phi tt c cc tnh
nng bt buc trong 3GPP phin bn 8 u c yu cu tng thch vi VoLTE. Ngc
li mt s tnh nng cn thit ph hp vi VoLTE c da trn mt s chc nng c
nh ngha trong 3GPP phin bn 9 hoc cc phin bn cao hn.

Kin trc logic ca VoLTE c da trn cc kin trc v nguyn tc m 3GPP

nh ngha cho VoLTE UE, LTE, Evolved Packet Core Network (EPC), v IMS Core
Network bao gm cc thnh phn sau :

- VoLTE UE : l thit b c chc nng truy nhp vo mng v tuyn ca LTE v

mng li EPC qua cho php thit b c th kt ni ti cc dch v VoLTE . Trn
thit b ny s c mt mt ng dng VoLTE IMS iu ny l cn thit khi truy
nhp vo cc dch v VoLTE.
- Mng truy nhp v tuyn : mng truy nhp v tuyn E UTRAN (Evolved
Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network).
- Mng li : mng li EPC (Evolved Packet Core)
- Mng li IMS : IMS Core Network trong kin trc VoLTE cung cp cc lp dch
v gip cho vic cung cp cc dch v thoi thng thng, thoi a phng tin.
 Hnh 1- 8: Kin trc logic ca VoLTE
- Ngoi cc giao din c th hin trn hnh v cn c giao din Gm (gia UE v P
- CSCF) v giao din (gia UE v TAS) cng c trong kin trc ca VoLTE
nhng khng c th hin y.
- Hnh v th hin chi tit cc nt logic trong kin trc VoLTE, tuy nhin trn
thc t c th kt hp mt s nt chc nng vo trong mt nt vt l duy nht khi
trin khai (v d nh SGW v PGW). Khi iu ny c thc hin, cc giao din
lin quan gia cc nt logic ny (v d S5) s tr thnh giao din bn trong v
mng s khng bit n giao din ny.

Cc nt chc nng trong kin trc VoLTE c nh ngha bi 3GPP:

- Cc thnh phn trong mng LTE :

+ User Equipment : UE.

+ Evolved Universal Terrestrial Access Network (E UTRAN) : eNodeB.

+ Evolved Packet Core (EPC) : MME (Mobitily Management Entity), SGW (Serving
Gateway), PGW (Packet Data Network Gateway), HSS (Home Subscriber), PCRF
(Policy Charging and Rules Function).

- Cc thnh phn trong h thng IMS bao gm cc thnh phn sau :

+ Proxy Call Session Control Function : P CSCF l im khi u cho cc phin bo

hiu ti IMS kch hot VoLTE t pha UE. P CSCF s hot ng nh mt SIP
proxy chuyn tip cc bn tin SIP gia UE v mng li IMS.

+ Interrogating Call Session Control Function : I CSCF l im lin lc gia mng

ca nh cung cp dch v vi tt c cc kt ni bit t mt ngi s dng ti mng.
Trong vic ng k IMS, I CSCF s hi HSS xc nh S CSCF ph hp cho
vic nh tuyn cc yu cu ng k.

+ Serving Call Session Control Function : S CSCF cung cp cc phin thit lp, cc
phin iu khin v cc chc nng nh tuyn. S CSCF s to ra cc bn ghi cho
mc ch thanh ton cho tt c cc phin m n iu khin.

+ Telephony Application Server : TAS l mt ng dng trn my ch IMS bao gm

mt tp hp ti thiu cc dch v thoi multi media bt buc c nh ngha theo
3GPP.

+ Media Resource Function : MRF c chc nng qun l ngun ti nguyn media ni
chung, c s dng bi cc my ch ng dng IMS v cc I/S CSCF.

+ Interconnection Border Control Function/ Transition Gateway : IBCF/TrGW chu

trch nhim vi cc mt phng iu khin/ mt phng media ti cc im lin kt ti
cc mng PMN khc.

+ IMS Application Level Gateway/IMS Access Gateway : IMS ALG/ IMS AGW
khng phi l mt chc nng c lp n c t trong P CSCF. IMS ALG/ IMS
 AGW chu trch nhim vi cc mt phng iu khin/ mt phng media ti cc im
truy cp vo h thng IMS.

+ Media Gateway Control Function / IMS Media Gateway : MGCF/ IMS MGW
chu trch nhim vi cc mt phng iu khin/ mt phng media ti cc im kt ni
mng LTE ti cc mng chuyn mch knh.

+ Breakout Gateway Control Function : BGCF chu trch nhim cho vic xc nh nt
k tip trong vic nh tuyn cc bn tin IMS. Vic xc nh ny c da trn cc
thng tin nhn c trong cc bn tin SIP/SDP hoc cc d liu cu hnh nh tuyn.

- Mt s nt chc nng khc nh :

+ ENUM : l nt chc nng cho php dch s di dng E.164 sang dng SIP URI s
dng cho DNS nh tuyn cho cc bn tin trong cc phin ca IMS. Mt ENUM
Server c th c truy cp t mt mng PMN khc hoc t mt IPX.

+ IPX : lm chc nng nh mt IP Packet Exchange nhm cung cp kh nng kt ni

lin mng gia cc PMN.

+ Diameter Agent : l mt thnh phn ca mng dng iu khin bo hiu

Diameter, cho php cc kt ni hot ng mt cch lin tc v iu khin cc thng
tin gia cc thnh phn trong mng LTE hoc IMS v trn ng bin gia cc mng.

+ Security Gateway : SEG c s dng khi to hoc kt thc cc kt ni gia

eNodeB v mng li EPC mt cch an ton.

1.2.3.2 M hnh cung cp dch v thoi CSFB

Mng di ng LTE c bit n l mt mng ton IP, cng ngh truyn ti d

liu c s dng trong LTE u ch l chuyn mch gi, do c rt nhiu thch thc
trong vic thit lp cc p ng cho cc cht lng dch v k vng cho vic chuyn
mch knh trong mt s dch v nh thoi v SMS cho cc thit b di ng khi n c
phc v trong mng LTE. Trn thc t c hai cch thc hin gii quyt cc vn
phn chia trong mng LTE gia chuyn mch gi cho dch v d liu v chuyn mch
knh cho cc dch v thoi : cc gii php dng hai sng v tuyn (dual radio) v cc gii
php dng mt sng v tuyn (single radio). Cc gii php dng hai sng v tuyn (c
h tr bi chipset), mt sng v tuyn c dng cho chuyn mch gi d liu LTE v
mt sng v tuyn c dng cho chuyn mch knh thoi v data fallback ti cc im
khng c sng LTE. Cc gii php dng mt sng radio duy nht c s dng x l
c 2 loi lu lng thoi v d liu, v s s dng cc bn tin bo hiu trong mng xc
nh xem khi no c s chuyn i gia mng chuyn mch gi v mng chuyn mch
knh hoc ngc li.

Vi circuit switched fall back, khi mt thit b ngi s dng ang hot ng
trong mng LTE (kt ni d liu) th c mt cuc gi n. Thit b s phn hi vi mt
bn tin yu cu dch v c bit ti mng, v sau mng s gi cc bn tin bo hiu
cho thit b s chuyn xung mng 2G/3G (fall back) chp nhn cuc gi n. Tng
t cho cc cuc gi i, bn tin yu cu dch v tng t c s dng thng bo thit
b chuyn xung mng 2G/3G thc hin cc cuc gi i. CSFB l mt gii php c
s dng trong cc gii php dng mt sng v tuyn. CSFB gii quyt cc yu cu ca
giai on u tin trong vic pht trin ca cc dch v thoi di ng, v n bt u c
thng mi ha t nm 2011. CSFB l gii php cho cc mng thc t hin nay l
mng bao gm rt nhiu mng nh 2G, 3G, 4G v trong sut qu trnh chuyn i
sang cc mng ton 4G LTE trong cc giai on tip theo cho vic pht trin dch v
thoi.

Hnh 1- 9: Kin trc mng trong gii php CSFB

- i vi mng LTE : MME (Mobility management Entity) s phc v cho cc truy cp
dch v ca ngi s dng.
- i vi mng 2G/3G : SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) s phc v ngi s dng
vi cc dch v d liu v MSC Server (Mobile Switching Center Server) s phc
v ngi s dng cho cc dch v thoi. MSC Server s c kt ni ti mng in
thoi ca cc nh cung cp dch v.
- h tr cho vic bo hiu CS Fallback v truyn ti SMS cho cc thit b LTE,
MME cn c kt ni vi MSC Center thng qua giao din SGs. CSFB s c
trin khai bng cch s dng giao din ny.
- Giao din SGs cho php ngi s dng c th c ng k trn c PS v CS
trong sut qu trnh ngi s dng truy nhp vo mng LTE. Vi mt kt ni d
liu ang hot ng trong mng LTE, nu nh c mt cuc gi n c khi to
th CS s kch hot mt bn tin thng qua mng truy nhp ca LTE ti thit b ca
ngi s dng.

Hnh 1- 10: Tin trnh Incoming Call trong gii php CSFB
- Bn tin ny s khi to qu trnh CSFB, ging nh vic thit b ca ngi s dng
s gi mt bn tin dch v m rng ti mng chuyn t mng LTE sang mng
2G/3G.
 Hnh 1- 11: Tin trnh chuyn cuc gi trong gii php CSFB
- Trong sut qu trnh chuyn mng, cc th tc trong vic thit lp cc cuc gi
trong mng 2G/3G s c tun theo thit lp cc cuc gi trong mng CS.
- Vic khi to cc cuc gi i cng tun theo mt qu trnh chuyn i tng t t
mng LTE (PS) sang mng 2G/3G ngoi tr bc kch hot bn tin l khng cn
thit. Trong mng 3G, cc phin d liu PS c th c s dng ng thi cho c
dch v thoi v d liu. Cn trong mng 2G, cc phin d liu PS s c dng
li cho ti khi cuc gi chm dt v thit b kt ni li mng LTE, tr khi mng 2G
h tr hai ch truyn ti (Dual transfer mode DTM), n s thc hin ng thi
c thoi v d liu.
- Sau khi cuc gi kt thc, thit b s kt ni li mng LTE c th trong idle mode
hoc connected mode.

Hnh 1- 12: Tin trnh chuyn v LTE trong gii php CSFB
 - Khi mt thit b ca ngi s dng nhn c mt bn tin t mng LTE vi mt
cuc gi n hoc khi ngi s dng khi to mt cuc gi, thit b s chuyn
mng t LTE xung 2G/3G. Trong qu trnh ny mng 2G/3G s thu thp v thit
lp cc cuc gi bng cch c th s dng mt trong hai th tc : chuyn giao
(handover) hoc chuyn hng (redirection). Trong th tc chuyn giao cc cell
mc tiu c chun b trc v cc thit b c th truy nhp vo cell mt cch
trc tip trong ch connected mode. Vic o kim cng tn hiu c th
c yu cu trn LTE trong qu trnh ny, trc khi c thc hin chuyn giao.
Trong th tc chuyn hng ch c tn s mc tiu c ch ra cho cc thit b.
Thit b c th chp nhn v chn bt k cell no trong tn s c ch nh
hoc c th th cc tn s khc trong trng hp khng c cell no c tm thy
trong tn s c ch nh. Nu mt cell c tm thy, cc thit b s khi to cc
th tc thit lp cuc gi mt cch bnh thng. Vic thc hin o cng tn
hiu l khng cn thit trc khi chuyn hng. Kt qu l s dng th tc chuyn
hng c th i hi t thi gian hn xc nh cc cell tt nht so vi s dng
th tc chuyn giao.

Thi gian thit lp cuc gi

V c bn vi vic b xung cc bc chun b cho vic chuyn cuc gi t mng

LTE xung mng 2G/3G s tn thm mt khong thi gian cho vic thit lp cuc gi.
Thi gian thit lp cuc gi l khc nhau trong vic CSFB s dng th tc chuyn giao
hay chuyn hng chuyn cuc gi t mng LTE xung mng 2G/3G. Hnh di y
so snh thi gian thit lp cuc gi gia vic s dng CSFB chuyn cuc gi t LTE
xung 2G/3G so vi thi gian thit lp cuc gi trn mng 2G/3G.

Thi gian thit lp cuc gi i khi s dng CSFB chuyn cuc gi t LTE xung
2G/3G
Hnh 1- 13: Thi gian thit lp cuc gi nkhi s dng CSFB chuyn cuc gi t LTE
xung 3G
1.2.4 Cc giao thc v giao din trong kin trc c bn ca h thng

Hnh 1 - 14 ch ra cc giao thc trn mt phng iu khin c lin quan ti mt kt

ni ca UE n mt mng chuyn mch gi PDN. Cc giao din t mt MME ring l
c chia ra lm 2 phn, hnh pha trn cho chng ta thy cc giao thc v pha E
UTRAN v UE cn hnh di cho chng ta thy cc giao thc v pha cc gateway. Cc
giao thc trong nn mu trng c pht trin bi 3GPP, v cc giao thc trong nn mu
xm th c pht trin bi IETF, cc giao thc ny l cc giao thc i din cho cc
cng ngh internet c dng cho vic truyn ti trong cc h thng chuyn mch gi
pht trin EPS (Evolved Packet System). 3GPP ch nh ngha cch thc c th m cc
giao thc ny c s dng.

Hnh 1 - 14: Cc giao thc trn mt phng iu khin trong h thng EPS
Lp trn cng trong mt phng iu khin l giao thc Non Access Stratum
(NAS), c chia lm hai giao thc ring bit v c truyn ti bng cc bo hiu trc
tip gia UE v MME. ENodeB khng nhn thy c ni dung trong cc giao thc lp
NAS, v ENodeB khng tham gia vo cc ni dung ny ngoi vic truyn ti cc tin nhn,
v cung cp mt s ch dn trn lp truyn ti cng vi cc tin nhn trong mt s trng
hp.

1.2.4.1 Cc giao thc trong lp NAS:

- Giao thc qun l tnh di ng trong EPS EMM (EPS Mobility Management): Giao
thc EMM c trch nhim x l tnh di ng ca UE trong h thng. N bao gm cc
chc nng kt ni v ri khi mng, thc hin cp nht v tr, iu ny c gi l TAU
(Tracking Area Updating) v n hot ng trong trng thi rnh ri. Ch rng cc
chuyn giao trong trng thi kt ni c x l bi cc cc giao thc lp thp hn,
nhng lp EMM vn c cc chc nng ti kch hot UE khi trng thi rnh ri. Cc
trng hp m UE khi to c gi l yu cu dch v, trong khi Paging i din cho
cc trng hp do mng khi to. Vic xc thc v bo v nh danh ca UE, v d nh
phn b cc nh danh tm thi GUTI ti UE l mt phn nhim v ca EMM, cng nh
vic iu khin cc chc nng bo mt trong lp NAS bao gm vic m ha v bo v
ton vn.

- Giao thc qun l phin trong EPS ESM (EPS Session Management): Giao thc ny
c th c s dng x l vic qun l cc sng mang gia UE m MME, v n cn
c s dng thm cho cc quy trnh qun l cc sng mang trong mng truy nhp v
tuyn E UTRAN. Lu rng vi mc ch khng s dng quy trnh ESM th cc ng
cnh cho cc sng mang phi sn sng trong cc quy trnh ca mng v U TRAN, v c
th chy ngay lp tc.
1.2.4.2 Cc giao thc trong giao din v tuyn:

Hnh 1 - 15: Cc giao thc trong giao din v tuyn ca LTE

Radio Resource Control - RRC: Lp RRC

Giao thc ny dng iu khin vic s dng ti nguyn v tuyn. N qun l

cc kt ni bo hiu v d liu ca UE, v bao gm c cc chc nng cho vic chuyn
giao.Cc chc nng c cung cp bi lp giao thc RRC:

- Chc nng qung b cc thng tin h thng.

- Paging.

- Chc nng thit lp, duy tr v gii phng cc kt ni RRC gia UE v E UTRAN.

- Chc nng qun l bo mt bao gm qun l cc kha.

- Chc nng thit lp, cu hnh, duy tr v gii phng cc sng mang v tuyn theo dng
im im.

- Chc nng iu khin vic bo co o kim cho UE.

- Chc nng qun l vic chuyn giao.

- Chc nng iu khin chn v chn li cell cho UE.

- Chc nng qun l cc ng cnh truyn ti gia cc ENodeB.

- Chc nng cho NAS truyn ti bn tin trc tip gia UE v mng.

- Chc nng qun l nng lc truyn ti ca cc UE.

- Chc nng x l cc li giao thc chung.

- Chc nng h tr t cu hnh v t ti u.

Packet Data Convergence Protocol - PDCP:

Giao thc PDCP c t ti phn lp gia 2 phn lp RLC v trong mt phng

ngi s dng v giao thc ny cng c s dng hu ht cc bn tin ca RRC. S khc
bit quan trng nht so vi WCDMA l tt c d liu ca ngi s dng u i qua
phn lp PDCP, bi v vic m ha hin nay nm trong phn lp ny v n nm trong
ENodeB. Trong nhng kin trc LTE u PDCP c bit n nh mt pha ca giao
din S1 (trong mng li) tuy nhin v sau ny n c t trong ENodeB cng vi tt c
cc giao din v tuyn khc. Cc chc nng chnh ca PDCP bao gm:

- Nn tiu v gii nn tng ng cho cc gi tin IP. Vic ny da trn giao thc Robust
Header Compression (ROHC) c quy nh trong IETF v mt phn trong phn lp
PDCP ca WCDMA. Vic nn tiu l quan trng trong hn cho vic yu cu cc gi
tin IP nh, c bit trong cc kt ni ti dch v VoIP.

- M ha v gii m, truyn d liu trn c mt phng ngi s dng v mt phng iu

khin. Trong WCDMA chc nng ny c t trong cc phn lp MAC v RLC.

- Xc minh v bo v ton vn bo m rng cc thng tin iu khin n t cc ngun

chnh xc trn mt phng iu khin.

Radio Link Control - RLC: Lp RLC

Cc chc nng c bn ca RLC bao gm:

- Truyn ti cc PDU nhn c t cc phn lp cao hn v d nh t RRC v PDCP.

- Sau (ty thuc vo ch RLC c s dng), tin hnh sa li vi phng thc
ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request), phn mnh/ghp ni, truyn ti khng tun t v vic
pht hin trng lp c th c chp nhn trong giao thc.

- Giao thc s x l cc li pht hin c v phc hi chng t cc nguyn nhn gy ra

trng thi li ca giao thc v d nh cc li v bo hiu.

Giao thc RLC c th chia lm 3 ch khc nhau:

- Transparent Mode (TM). Trong ch ny, RLC ch truyn v nhn cc PDU trn mt
knh logic v khng gn thm bt c tiu no cho cc PDU nn n s khng theo di
cc PDU nhn c . Ch TM ch hot ng tng thch vi cc dch v m khng
s dng vic truyn li lp vt l hoc dch v khng nhy cm vi cc yu cu truyn
ti. Nh vy cc knh logic nh BCCH, CCCH, PCCH c th c hot ng trong ch
TM. Trong WCDMA

- Unacknowledged Mode (UM). Ch ny hot ng cung cp nhiu chc nng bao

gm vic truyn ti khng tun t cc d liu tun t nhn c t hot ng HARQ ti
cc phn lp thp hn. D liu trong ch UM (UMD) c phn mnh v ghp ni sao
cho ph hp vi kch thc ca cc SDU RLC v cc tiu UMD s c thm vo.
Cc tiu RLC UM bao gm cc s th t d dng hn cho vic truyn ti khng
tun t (cng nh pht hin trng lp). Ngoi cc knh DCCH v DTCH, ch UM
RLC cng c ln k hoch s dng cho cc knh multicast (MCCH/MTCH) d kin
s c hon thnh sau phin bn 8.
 Hnh 1 -16: Ch UM trong phn lp RLC
- Acknowledged Mode (AM). Ch AM ngoi cc chc nng nh trong ch UM,
cn c chc nng truyn li nu cc PDU b mt l kt qu ca cc hot ng ca cc
phn lp thp hn. Cc d liu trong ch AM (AMD) c th c ti phn on
ph hp vi ngun ti nguyn lp vt l c sn cho vic truyn li nh c ch ra trong
hnh 1 - 17. Cc tiu by gi cha cc thng tin v gi tin cui cng nhn c mt
cch chnh xc pha bn nhn cng vi s th t nh trong ch UM.
 Hnh 1 -17: Ch AM trong phn lp RLC
Medium Access Control - MAC: Lp MAC

Lp MAC l lp dng nh x t cc knh logic n cc knh truyn ti. Cc chc nng

ca lp MAC bao gm:

Hnh 1 -18: MAC Layer

-Lp MAC c nhim v ghp/ tch cc RLC PDU (Payload Data Units) t mt hoc
nhiu sng mang v tuyn vo trong cc khi truyn ti TB (Transport Block) thc
hin truyn ti lp vt l trn cc knh truyn ti; ngoi ra cn m thm (Padding) nu
mt PDU khng c in y d liu.

- Bo co vic o lng lu lng qua cung cp cho phn lp RRC cc thng tin mang
tnh kinh nghim v mt lu lng.

- Sa li thng qua phng thc HARQ, iu khin vic x l truyn li trn hng ln
v hng xung ca lp vt l trong ENodeB, cng vi cc chc nng lp lch.

- X l u tin gia cc knh logic ca mt UE v gia cc UE bng vic lp lch t

ng, do vic lp lch trong ENodeB c coi nh l mt chc nng trong phn lp
MAC tng t nh trong HSPA.

- La chn nh dng truyn ti (nh mt phn chc nng chn cc lin kt thch ng
trong vic lp lch ca ENodeB).

Physical Layer - PHY: Lp vt l

y chnh l Layer 1 trong giao din v tuyn LTE Uu. Lp vt l trong LTE v
pha hng xung s dng k thut OFDM v hng ln l k thut SC OFDM. Lp
vt l truyn ti tt c cc thng tin t cc knh truyn ti ca lp MAC trn giao din v
tuyn. Lp vt l quan tm ti vic tm cc lin kt thch ng, iu khin cng sut, tm
kim cell (cho vic khi to ng b v chuyn giao), v mt s vic o lng cho lp
RRC (bn trong h thng LTE v gia cc h thng).

1.2.4.3 Cc giao thc trong giao din S1 gia E UTRAN v mng li EPC:

- S1 Application Protocol (S1 AP): Giao thc S1 AP chu trch nhim x l cc kt ni

ca UE trn c 2 mt phng ngi s dng v mt phng iu khin gia E UTRAN v
mng li EPC, bao gm tham gia vo vic chuyn giao khi m EPC c lin quan ti.

- SCTP/IP cho vic truyn ti bo hiu: C hai giao thc SCTP (Stream Control
Tranmission Protocol) v IP (Ineternet Protocol) u l cc tiu chun truyn ti IP thch
hp vi cc bn tin bo hiu. SCTP cung cp cc chc nng truyn ti mt cch tun t
v tin cy. IP c th chy c trn mt lot cc cng ngh ca lin kt d liu v lp vt
l (L1 v L2), c th c ty chn da theo kh nng.

1.2.4.4 Cc giao thc trong giao din S5/S8 trong mng li EPC:

Cc giao thc trn c s dng khi giao din S5/S8 da trn GTP:

- GPFS Tunnelling Protocol, Control Panel (GTP C): Giao thc ny qun l cc kt ni
trn mt phng ngi s dng trong mng li EPC. iu ny bao gm c bo hiu cho
QoS v cc tham s khc. Nu GTP c s dng trn giao din S5/S8 th n s qun l
cc ng hm GTP U. GTP C cng thc hin cc chc nng qun l tnh di ng
bn trong mng li EPC.

- Truyn ti UDP/IP: UDP/IP c s dng nh mt tiu chun v c bn cho vic truyn

ti IP. UDP c s dng thay th cho TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) bi v cc
lp cao hn cung cp vic truyn ti tin cy vi cc chc nng sa li v truyn li.
Cc gi tin IP trong mng li EPC c th c truyn ti trn cc cng ngh ca L1 v
L2.

Cc giao thc trn c s dng khi giao din S5/S8 da trn PMIP:

- Proxy Mobile IP (PMIP): PMIP l mt giao thc khc c th s dng trn giao din
S5/S8. N quan tm n vic qun l tnh di ng nhng khng bao gm cc chc nng
qun l sng mang. Tt c lu lng trn kt ni ca UE ti mt mng d liu gi c th
s c x l.

- IP: PMIP chy trc tip trn IP v n s s dng nh mt tiu chun truyn ti IP.

Hnh 1 - 19 minh ha cho cu trc giao thc trn mt phng ngi s dng trong kch bn
UE kt ni ti P GW.
 Hnh 1 -19: Cc giao thc trn mt phng ngi s dng trong h thng EPS
Cu trc giao thc l kh ging vi trn mt phng iu khin. iu ny nhn
mnh rng ton b h thng c thit k chung cho vic truyn ti d liu, c bo hiu
trn mt phng iu khin hay d liu trn mt phng ngi s dng u l gi d liu
cui cng, ch c khi lng l khc nhau. Hu ht cc giao thc c gii thiu
pha trn, ngoi ra cn c hai giao thc c la chn ph hp vi giao din S5/S8:

- GPRS Tunnelling Protocol, User Plane (GTP-U): GTP U c s dng khi giao din
S5/S8 da trn GTP. GTP U nh dng cc ng hm GTP U c s dng cc gi
tin IP ca ngi s dng ti mt sng mang ca th thng. Giao thc ny c s dng
trong giao din S1 U, v c s dng trong S5/S8 nu mt phng iu khin s dng
GTP C.

- Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE): GRE c s dng khi giao din S5/S8 da trn
PMIP. GRE nh dng mt IP trong ng hm IP cho vic truyn ti tt c d liu trong
mt kt ni t UE ti mt mng PDN c th. GRE chy trc tip trn IP v UDP khng
c s dng.

1.2.4.5 Cc giao thc trong giao din X2:

Hnh 1 - 20 minh ha cho cu trc giao thc ca giao din X2, tng t nh giao
din S1. Ch c giao thc Application Protocol trn mt phng iu khin l c s khc
bit. Giao din X2 c s dng cho vic qun l tnh di ng gia cc ENodeB, v
X2AP bao gm cc chc nng chun b cho vic chuyn giao v duy tr cc mi lin kt
vi cc ENodeB hng xm. Mt phng ngi s dng trn giao din X2 c s dng
chuyn tip d liu trong trng thi qu sut qu trnh chuyn giao, khi m giao din
v tuyn ngt kt ni v pha ENodeB ngun v vn cha kt ni c vi ENodeB
mc tiu.

Hnh 1 -20: Cc giao thc trn mt phng iu khin v mt phng ngi s dng cho
giao din X2
2.2.5 Cc knh trong kin trc ca LTE

Cc lung thng tin gia cc giao thc khc nhau c bit n trong LTE nh l
cc knh truyn hoc cc lung tn hiu. LTE s dng mt s cc knh khc nhau nh:
knh logic, knh truyn ti v knh vt l. Cc knh ny c phn bit bi loi thng tin
m chng truyn ti v cch thc m cc thng tin c x l. Hnh 1 - 15 cho ta thy
nh x gia cc loi knh trong kin trc LTE.
 Hnh 1 -21: nh x ca cc loi knh c s dng trong LTE
1.2.5.1 Cc knh logic

Knh logic nh ngha loi thng tinc truyn ti trong giao din v tuyn nh
cc knh lu lng, knh iu khin, knh qung b h thngCc knh ny nh ngha
cc dch v truyn ti d liu c a ra trong lp MAC. Cc bn tin bo hiu v d liu
c truyn ti trn cc knh logic gia cc giao thc RLC v MAC.

Cc knh logic c th chia lm 2 loi: knh iu khin v knh lu lng. Trong knh
iu khin c th chia lm knh chung v knh dnh ring. Mt knh chung c ngha l
dng chung cho tt c cc ngi s dng trong mt cell (m hnh im a im) trong
khi cc knh dnh ring c ngha l cc knh ch c th c s dng bi mt
ngi s dng (m hnh im im). Cc knh lu lng truyn ti d liu trong mt
phng ngi s dng trong khi cc knh iu khin truyn ti cc bn tin bo hiu
trong mt phng iu khin. Cc knh iu khin bao gm: BCCH, PCCH, CCCH,
DCCH v MCCH; cc knh lu lng bao gm: DTCH v MTCH.

Cc knh logic c nh ngha trong hng ln ca LTE bao gm:

- Knh iu khin chung (Common Control Channel CCCH) truyn ti thng tin iu
khin gia UE v mng; n c s dng khi khng c kt ni RRC gia UE v mng.
- Knh iu khin dnh ring (Dedicated Control Channel DCCH) l knh im im
phc v cho cc thng tin iu khin dnh ring gia UE v mng.

- Knh lu lng dnh ring (Dedicated Traffic Channel DTCH) l knh truyn ti tt
c d liu ca ngi s dng cho cc kt ni im im.

Theo hng ln tt c cc knh logic c nh x ti knh truyn ti UL SCH, khng

c knh logic no c nh x ti knh truyn ti RACH v vy n s khng mang bt k
thng tin no v lp MAC.

Tng t vi cc knh theo hng xung bao gm:

- CCCH, DCCH, DTCH c chc nng tng t ging nh cc knh tng ng theo
hng ln, ch cn truyn ti cc thng tin iu khin hoc d liu ngi s dng theo
hng xung. Cc knh ny c nh x ti knh DL SCH trong cc knh truyn ti.

- Knh iu khin Multicast v knh lu lng Multicast (Multicast Control Channel

MCCH, Multicast Traffic Channel - MTCH) khng c trong phin bn 8 nhng c k
vng s l mt phn ca LTE trong phin bn 9 (hoc cc phin bn sau). Cc knh ny
s c nh x ti cc knh truyn ti MCH.

- Knh iu khin qung b (Broadcast Control Channel BCCH) truyn ti thng tin
qung b, v d nh cc thng tin cn thit truy nhp vo h thng. Knh ny s c
nh x ti knh truyn ti BCH nu s dng MIB (Master Information Block) hoc s
c nh x ti knh truyn ti DL SCH nu s dng SIBs (System Information
Blocks).

- Knh iu khin Paging (Paging Control Channel PCCH) truyn ti thng tin Paging,
knh ny s gip mng bt chc nng nh du cc thit b ang khng trng thi kt
ni. Knh ny c nh x ti knh truyn ti PCH (Paging Channel).

1.2.5.2 Cc knh truyn ti

Cc knh truyn ti nh ngha bng cch no m cc loi d liu c trng c

truyn ti trong lp vt l, bao gm vic m ha knh, iu ch, v nh x ti anten.D
liu v cc bn tin bo hiu c truyn trn cc knh truyn ti gia lp MAC v lp vt
l. Mi knh truyn ti c c trng bi vic x l lp vt l c lin quan c p
dng cho vic s dng cc knh vt l tng ng truyn cc knh truyn ti c yu
cu. Lp vt l cn cung cp ti nguyn mt cch linh hot cho c s thay i v tc
d liu v phn chia ti nguyn gia cc ngi dng khc nhau. Trong phn ny, chng ta
s hiu thm v cc knh truyn ti c nh x ti cc knh vt l tng ng.

- Knh qung b (Broadcast Channel BCH) l mt knh qung b v theo hng xung
c s dng qung b cc tham s cn thit ca h thng cho php cc thit b c
th truy cp vo h thng.

- Knh chia s ng xung DL SCH (Downlink Shared Channel) truyn ti cc d liu

ca ngi s dng cho cc kt ni im im theo hng xung. Tt c cc thng tin
(d liu ngi s dng hoc thng tin iu khin ca lp cao hn) c mong i ch c
mt ngi s dng hoc mt UE c truyn ti trn knh DL SCH, gi s nh UE
trng thi RRC_CONNECTED. Trong LTE, chc nng chnh ca BCH l thng bo
cho thit b v thng tin lp lch ca h thng; thng tin iu khin cho nhiu thit b c
truyn ti trn DL SCH. Trong trng hp d liu trn knh DL SCH c d nh
cho ch mt UE ring l, th ngay sau vic p ng cc lin kt linh ng v truyn li
trn lp vt l c th c s dng.

- Knh Paging (Paging Channel PCH) c s dng truyn ti cc thng tin paging
cho cc thit b theo hng xung chuyn cc thit b t trng thi RRC_IDLE sang
trng thi RRC_CONNECTED.

- Knh Multicast (Multicast Channel MCH) c s dng truyn ti ni dung dch

v multicast ti UE theo hng xung.

Theo hng xung knh BCH s c nh x ti knh vt l PBCH (Physical

Broadcast Channel) tuy nhin nh trnh by trn trong phn nh x gia knh logic
v knh truyn ti th c mt phn cc tham s qung b s nh x vo knh DL - SCH,
knh DL SCH v PCH c nh x ti knh vt l PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared
Channel), cn knh MCH c nh x ti knh vt l PMCH (Physical Multicast
Channel) nh trong hnh 1-21.

- Knh chia s ng ln UL SCH (Uplink Shared Channel) truyn ti cc d liu ngi

s dng nh l thit b khi to thng tin iu khin theo hng ln trong trng thi
RRC_CONNECTED. Tng t nh DL SCH vic p ng lin kt linh ng v truyn
li c th c s dng.

- Knh truy nhp ngu nhin (Random Access Channel RACH) c s dng trong
hng ln p ng cc bn tin paging hoc khi to vic chuyn n trng thi
RRC_CONNECTED khi UE c nhu cu truyn ti d liu. Khng c d liu ca lp cao
hn hoc d liu ca ngi s dng c truyn trong knh ny tuy nhin n c th c
s dng kch hot vic truyn ti knh UL SCH v d nh trong trng hp thit lp
cc kt ni cn phi xc thc.

Theo hng ln knh UL SCH c truyn ti bng knh vt l PUSCH (Physical

Uplink Shared Channel). Tng t knh RACH cng c truyn ti bng knh vt l
PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel) nh trong hnh 1-15.

D liu trn mi knh truyn ti c sp xp vo trong cc khi truyn ti, v c

cc khong thi gian truyn ti cho mi khi c gi l TTI (Transmission Time
Interval) l 1 ms trong LTE. TTI l khong thi gian nh nht cho vic thit lp cc lin
kt thch ng v quyt nh lp lch. Nu khng c ghp knh khng gian, th c nhiu
nht mt khi truyn ti c truyn ti UE trong mi TTI, cn nu c ghp knh khng
gian th c 2 khi c truyn trong mi TTI n mt UE.

Bn cnh cc knh truyn ti, c mt s loi thng tin iu khin c nh ngha

trong lp MAC, iu ny l rt quan trng i vi mt s th tc trong lp vt l. Cc
thng tin iu khin c nh ngha bao gm:

- Thng tin iu khin hng xung (Downlink Control Information DCI): N bao gm
cc thng tin c lin quan vic lp k hoch, qu trnh m ha, iu ch, cc cu lnh TPC
(Transmit Power Control) cho c hng ln v hng xung. Cc thng tin ny c gi
i trn knh vt l PDCCH.

- Control Format Indicator CFI: Thng tin ny ch ra c bao nhiu k t c min DCI
s dng trong cc khung con. Cc gi tr ca CFI c th l 1,2 hoc 3 v n c truyn
i trn knh vt l PCFICH.

- HARQ Indicator HI: Thng tin ny truyn i cc bn tin ACK HARQ trong phn hi
ti vic truyn ti trn hng ln, v c truyn trn knh vt l PHICH. HI = 1 cho cc
bn tin ACK, cn HI = 0 l cho bn tin non ACK.

- Thng tin iu khin hng ln (Uplink Control Information UCI): Thng tin ny a
ra cc thng tin o lng cho vic truyn ti trn hng xung, lp lch theo yu cu ca
hng ln, v cc bn tin ACK HARQ trong vic truyn ti hng xung. UCI c th
c truyn trn knh vt l PUCCH hoc PUSCH.

1.2.5.3 Cc knh vt l

Mi knh vt l tng ng vi mt tp hp cc hng mc ti nguyn trong mng

li tn s truyn ti cc thng tin t cc lp cao hn. Cc thnh phn c bn to nn
mt knh vt l l cc hng mc ti nguyn v cc khi ti nguyn. Mt hng mc ti
nguyn l mt sng mang con ring l trn mt k t OFDM, v c th truyn ti mt
(hoc hai vi phn tp khng gian) cc k t c iu ch. Mt khi ti nguyn l
mt tp hp cc hng mc ti nguyn v trong min tn s n i din cho mt n v ti
nguyn nh nhp c th c phn b. Knh vt l c th c chia lm 2 loi:

Cc knh vt l dnh cho truyn d liu:

- Knh vt l dnh cho qung b (Physical Broadcast Channel PBCH): Knh ny l

knh qung b dnh ring theo hng ng xung trong LTE, n c dng truyn
ti cc thng tin v cc tham s quan trng ca h thng nh bng thng ca h thng, s
frame trong h thng, v cng c th l s anten truyn ti c s dng bi ENodeB.
- Knh vt l dnh cho vic chia s theo hng xung (Physical Downlink Shared
Channel PDSCH): Knh ny l knh d liu chnh c trch nhim truyn ti d liu
theo hng xung. Knh ny truyn ti d liu ngi s dng v bo hiu trong phn lp
trn. Knh ny c th c chia s bi nhiu ngi s dng v n cng c chia s bi
nhiu knh logic, knh truyn ti khc nhau nh c cp n phn trn.

- Knh vt l dnh cho Multicast (Physical Multicast Channel PMCH): Knh ny c

dng truyn ti gi tin multicast ti nhiu UE thay v ti mt UE ring l. Cu trc ca
n gn ging nh knh PDSCH.

- Knh vt l dnh cho vic chia s theo hng ln (Physical Uplink Shared Channel
PUSCH): Knh ny c s dng n truyn ti d liu ca ngi s dng v cc bo
hiu ca phn lp trn theo hng ln.

- Knh vt l dnh cho vic truy nhp ngu nhin (Physical Random Access Channel
PRACH): Knh ny c s dng truyn ti mt bn tin chovic khi to truy nhp ngu
nhin ca mt UE gi i truy nhp vo mng trong ch khng ng b v c s
dng cho php UE ng b thi gian vi ENodeB.

Cc knh vt l dnh cho vic iu khin:

- Physical Control Format Indicator Channel PCFICH: Knh ny c s dng thng

bo cho UE v s k t OFDM c s dng trong knh PDCCH.

- Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel PHICH: Knh ny truyn ti cc bn tin

HARQ ACK/NAK c kt hp vi vic truyn d liu theo ng ln.

- Knh vt l iu khin hng xung (Physical Downlink Control Channel PDCCH):

Knh ny truyn ti cc thng tin v nh dng truyn ti v cp pht ti nguyn c lin
h vi cc knh truyn ti DL SCH v PCH, v cc thng tin HARQ c lin quan ti
knh DL SCH. Knh ny cng thng bo cho UE v cc thng tin ni trn.

- Knh vt l iu khin hng ln (Physical Uplink Control Channel PUCCH): Knh

ny truyn ti cc thng tin iu khin theo hng ln bao gm ch s cht lng knh
CQI (Channel Quality Indicators), cc bn tin ACK/NAK v vic phn hi HARQ theo
hng ln.

Ngoi cc knh vt l, cn c mt s tn hiu khc c truyn trong c hng ln

v hng xung ca lp vt l nhng khng truyn ti thng tin t cc phn lp cao hn.
Cc tn hiu vt l ny c th chia thnh:

- Tn hiu chun: Cc tn hiu ny c nh ngha trn c hng ln v hng xung

gip cho vic c lng knh truyn, kt hp thc hin gii iu ch v o c cht
lng knh gip cho vic lp lch cho cc ngi s dng.

C 3 loi tn hiu chun trn hng xung:

+ Cc tn hiu chun cho cell c th, c kt hp vi truyn ti trn knh non MBSFN.

+ Cc tn hiu chun MBSFN kt hp vi truyn ti trn knh MBSFN (Multicast-

broadcast single-frequency network).

+ Cc tn hiu chun cho ngi s dng c th.

V pha hng ln c 2 loi:

+ Cc tn hiu chun gii iu ch, kt hp vi vic truyn ti trn knh PUSCH hoc
PUCCH.

+ Cc tn hiu chun cho vic thm d, h tr cho vic lp lch cho cc knh ph thuc
trn hng ln.

- Tn hiu ng b: Tn hiu ny c chia thnh mt tn hiu chnh v mt tn hiu d

phng cho vic ng b, v n ch c s dng cho hng xung kch hot vic nhn
cc k t thi gian v tn s chnh xc ca tn hiu hng xung.

1.3 Kt lun:

Chng I ca ti m t tng quan v mng 4G LTE v LTE Advanced cng nh

cc kin trc ca mng 4G (LTE/LTE Advanced) nh: Kin trc mng truy nhp v
tuyn E-UTRAN, kin trc mng li EPC cng cc thnh phn ca h thng mng 4G.
Trong chng I cng cp n cc dch v cng nh cc giao thc c s dng
trong mng di ng 4G nh:

- Giao thc trong lp NAS

- Cc giao thc trong giao din v tuyn
- Cc giao thc s dng trn cc giao din S1/S5/S8/X2
- Cc kin trc knh s dng trogn mng 4G.
CHNG II - NGHIN CU TIU CHUN V CC CNG C
O KIM, NH GI CHT LNG MNG &
DCH V 4G (LTE / LTE ADVANCE)

2.1 Phng php o kim v nh gi cht lng mng v dch v 4G (LTE/ LTE
Advanced)

2.1.1 Cc yu t nh hng n cht lng mng v dch v 4G (LTE/LTE Advanced)

Thut ng cht lng dch v QoS (Quality of Service) hin nay c s dng
trong cc tiu chun quc t v cht lng dch v vin thng bao gm c cht lng dch
v thng tin di ng trong c 4G. Theo khuyn ngh E800 MCE T th cht lng
dch v QoS chnh l tng hp nhng tham s, kin nh gi th hin s hi lng,
khng hi lng ca khch hang i vi mt dch v vin thng. V c bn, khi nim QoS
ch yu tp trung vo m t cc ch tiu mang tnh k thut m h tng mng hay cc dch
v cn phi t c cht lng dch v c m bo. QoS trong mng vin thng
ni chung v mng 4G LTE ni ring c nh ngha c th qua cc tham s k thut c
bn bao gm:

- Bng thng (Bandwith).

- tr (Delay).
- Bin ng tr (Jitter).
- Mt gi (Packet loss).
- sn sng.
- Bo mt.

Tuy pht trin chm hn so vi th gii nhng mng 4G cng bt u c

trin khai ti Vit Nam. u nm 2016, Chnh ph ban hnh Chng trnh pht trin
bng rng quc gia n nm 2020. Chng trnh c mc tiu xy dng v pht trin c s
h tng vin thng hin i, an ton, dung lng ln v c tc cao, vng ph dch v
a dng rng khp c nc m trong c h tng bng rng di ng 4G. Mng 4G LTE
s ng vai tr xc tc cho nhng t tng trng bng vic lm nn tng cho cc dch v
di ng mi nhm p ng nhu cu ca ngi s dng nh: thanh ton in t, game
mobile, gii tr trc tuyn, quay pht cc video theo chun 4K Bn cnh vic pht trin
c s h tng cho mng 4G LTE, c mt vn m cc nh cung cp dch v cng rt
quan tm l lm sao m bo cht lng dch v. Cht lng mng v dch v 4G
LTE c th chu nh hng bi s kt hp ca nhiu yu t c khch quan ln ch quan
bao gm:

2.1.1.1 Cc yu t khch quan:

+ Cu trc a hnh: Cu trc a hnh ti Vit Nam l kh phc tp, bao gm cc

khu vc i ni cao, khu vc ng bng, nhiu sng sui, ao h Ti cc thnh ph ln
c cc khu vc ng dn c bn trong ni thnh tuy nhin vn c nhng vng ngoi thnh
t dn c, quy hoch xy dng thiu ng b, thng nht. c im a hnh ny to ra
kh nhiu vng lm khng c ph sng, cht lng dch v khng tt, mc d theo
thit k l khu vc c ph sng.

+ Suy hao v tuyn do thi tit: Do thi tit Vit Nam nm khu vc cn nhit
i gi ma. iu cho thy lng ma v my m Vit Nam kh ln, nht l vo
ma ng min bc v ma ma min nam. c bit l khu vc min bc c i ni
cao, my m v ma ko di. iu ny nh hng rt ln ti cht lng dch v, c bit
l qu trnh truy nhp v tuyn cng nh phm vi ph sng.

2.1.1.2 Cc yu t ch quan:

+ Thit k v trin khai mng 4G: Cc nh mng ti Vit Nam mi bt u bt

tay vo vic th nghim trin khai 4G LTE ti mt s tnh thnh ph, ban u cc kt qu
thu c t c kt qu kh tt, cht lng dch v tng i n nh. Tuy nhin, khi
mt nh cung cp dch v trin khai trn din rng, cng vi vic trin khai ca cc nh
cung cp khc th vic gp cc vn v cht lng dch v l khng th trnh khi nh:
trong thc t vic t cc trm pht sng c th khng ng vi cc ta trn thit k,
sau khi t cc trm th a hnh ca khu vc b thay i gy nh hng n cht lng
dch v, thiu vng ph sng do s lng trm cha .

+ Nhiu knh ln cn: Cht lng dch v b nh hng bi nhiu knh ln cn

trong cc mng ca cc nh cung cp dch v khc nhau, trong mng ca mt nh cung
cp dch v. Trong mi trng c nhiu mng v tuyn 4G LTE, cn c cc mng v
tuyn 2G, 3G hot ng vi cc tn s gn nhau, cc tn hiu c th gy nhiu ln nhau
lm nh hng ti cht lng dch v, vng ph cng nh dung lng ca mi h thng
l khng th trnh khi.

+ Chuyn giao trong h thng v lin h thng: Vic chuyn giao cuc gi gia
cc cell trong cng mt h thng hoc gia cc h thng 4G LTE, gia h thng 4G vi
cc h thng di ng 2G,3G khc c th gy ra rt cuc gi ca ngi s dng, gy ra tr
nh hng ti cht lng dch v.

+ Thit b ca ngi s dng: Thit b ca ngi s dng c th cha tng

thch hoc cha p ng c yu cu s dng trong mt h thng 4G LTE. Do c th
gy ra vic ti d liu c th b chm, tr gy ra nh hng ti cht lng dch v.

2.1.2 Phng php o kim nh gi cht lng mng v dch v 4G (LTE/LTE

Advanced)

Tt c cc nh khai thc mng thng tin di ng u cn thit o kim v gim st cc

ch tiu KPI CLM/CLDV thng xuyn v nh k m bo, duy tr v ci thin dch
v mng cung cp n khch hng.

C 2 phng thc o kim c s dng kim tra v gim st cc ch tiu:

Drive test

Thu thp s liu thng k t OMC

Drivetest

Phng php o ny bao gm mt phng tin di chuyn c trang b thit b o kim

tra giao din v tuyn ca mng di ng, cho php thu thp v ghi li thng tin v dch v
cung cp bi mng di ng trn mt khu vc a l. Bng phng thc o kim ny, nh
khai thc c th a ra nhng thay i ph hp i vi mang li cung cp tt hn
vng ph sng v dch v n khch hng.

Drive test c th c phn thnh mt s loi vi cc mc ch khc nhau:

Mc ch so snh gia cc mng (Benchmarking)

Ti u v khc phc s c.

Gim st cht lng dch v.

Thng k OMC

Thu thp s liu thng k t h thng OMC tnh ton cc tham sKPI

u im:

Kt qu ca phng thc o ny bao gm tt c nhng kch bn c th xy ra khi

ngi dng s dng dch v

C th gim st trn tt c giao din mng

C th x l kp thi cc tnh hung ca mng.

Nhc im:

Rt kh so snh c thng k CLM/CLDV gia 2 khu vc s dng thit b ca

cc hng (vendor) khc nhau.

D liu thng k t h thng OMC kh ln v phc tp, do cn nhiu thi gian

thu thp v x l.

V mt nguyn tc chung cc phng php o kim nh gi cht lng mng v

dch v vin thng ni chung v mng 4G ni ring u da trn vic m phng cc cuc
gi, thit lp cc kt ni n dch v tin hnh o kim cht lng mng v dch v.
Cc phng php ny s c thc hin theo cc bc nh sau:

- La chn cc tham s KPI trong mng 4G o kim cht lng dch v, to cc kch
bn o kim trong cc trng hp khc nhau:
+ Theo khu vc: khu ng dn c,
c vng th v nng thn, trong nh hay ngoi tri.
tr
+ Theo tnh di ng: tii cc im c nh, khi ang di chuyn, tii cc khu vvc chuyn giao.
- Cu hnh v thc hinn cc php o cho cc tham s KPI trong mng
m 4G:
ng cc php o cc tham s cht lng mng v tuyn nh: RSRP, RSRQ...
+ Thc hin m phng
+ Thc hin m phng cuc gi o kim cho cc tham s lin quan n cht lng
ng cc cu
dch v thoi nh: t l cuc i, cht
cu gi thnh cng, t l cuc gi b ri, ch lng cuc gi...
ng kkt ni dch v o kim
+ Thc hin m phng s lin quan n cht
m cho cc tham s
: tc
lng dch v data nh: t download, tc upload, tr, t l gi b
b ri
- Lu tr kt qu caa cc php o; thc hin phn tch, nh
nh gi cc kt
k qu cho tng
tham s KPI trong mi kch bn o kim.
- a ra cc bo co thng
ng k, m kch bn o, ch
k kt lun v cht lng dch v trong mi
ra cc vn cn tn ti.

Hnh 2 - 1:: M hnh phng php o kim cht lng mng

ng v dch v 4G LTE
2.1.3 Mt s cng c o kim v nh gi cht lng mng v dch v 4G (LTE/ LTE
Advanced) hin nay

Hin nay c mt s hng my o c cc nh cung cp dch v s dng thit b

o kim cht lng dch v 4G LTE da trn phng php o kim nh gi nh
cp n trong phn 3.1.2:

Phn mm phc v Drivetest

Thit b o c sdng cho phng thc o Drivetestbaogmmts hng sau:

Ascom TEMS Investigation

Anite Nemo Outdoor

Swissqual

Accuver XCAL Series

TEMS Investigation v Nemo l 2 cng c o ph bin nht c s dng cho phng

thc Drive test.

Trang thit b phc v Drivetest

Cc cng c chun b drive test:

Laptop

GSP

Phn mm TEMS

Dongle (TEMS licence)

in thoi (H tr TEMS)

Cp kt ni

Inverter

Phng tin di chuyn (Oto, xe my)

D liu nh cellfile, bn
 Cellfile: trong LTE gm mt s trng sau: cell, site, tn s, PCI, TAC, MCC,
MNC, CI, Long, Lat, ANT_Direction

Hnh 2 - 2 : Mu Cellfile c s dng trong LTE

Gii thiu mt s thit b UE phc v cho qu trnh o kim LTE:
- Samsung Galaxy Note 4 SM-N910F
Bng tn h tr:
LTE 2100 (Band 1), 1900 (B2), 1800 (B3), AWS 700/2100 (B4), 850
(B5), 2600(B7), 900 (B8), 700 (B17), 800 (B20)
WCDMA 850 (Band V), 900 (VIII), 1900 (II), 2100 (I)
GSM 850, 900, 1800, 1900
Bng thng h tr:
LTE Category 6 (300/50 Mbit/s)
HSDPA Category 24 (42 Mbit/s), HSUPA Category 6 (5.8 Mbit/s)
GPRS/EDGE Class 12
- Samsung S6 SM-G920F
Bng tn h tr:
LTEband 1(2100), 2(1900), 3(1800), 4(1700/2100), 5(850), 7(2600),
8(900), 12(700), 17(700), 18(800), 19(800), 20(800), 26(850).
 UMTS: HSPA+ 850 (Band V), 900
(Band VIII), 1700 (Band IV), 1900
(Band II), 2100 (Band I) MHz
GSM: GPRS/EDGE 850, 900, 1800,
1900 MHz
Bng thng h tr:LTE Cat6 300/50 Mbps
- Samsung S5 SM-G900T
Bng tn h tr:
LTE band 1(2100), 2(1900), 3(1800),
4(1700/2100), 5(850), 7(2600),
8(900),17(700)
WCDMA 850 (Band V), 900 (VIII),
1900 (II), 2100 (I)
GSM 850, 900, 1800, 1900
Bng thng h tr: LTE Cat4 150/50 Mbps

- Sony Xperia Z2 D6503 model

Bng tn h tr:
LTE (Bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 13, 17, 20).
UMTS: HSPA+ 850 (Band V), 900 (Band VIII), 1700 (Band IV), 1900
(Band II), 2100 (Band I) MHz
GSM: GPRS/EDGE 850, 900, 1800, 1900 MHz
Bng thng h tr: LTE Cat 4 (150/50Mbps)
- Samsung Galaxy S4 GT-I9505
Bng tn h tr:
LTE 800 (Band 20), 850 (B5), 900 (B8), 1800 (B3), 2100 (B1), 2600 (B7)
WCDMA 850 (Band V), 900 (VIII), 1900 (II), 2100 (I)
GSM 850, 900, 1800, 1900
Bng thng h tr:
 LTE Category 3 (100/50 Mbit/s)
HSDPA Category 24 (42 Mbit/s), HSUPA Category 6 (5.8 Mbit/s)
GPRS/EDGE Class 12
- Sony Xperia V LT25i
Bng tn h tr:
LTE band 1(2100), 3(1800), 5(850), 7(2600), 20(800).
UMTS: HSPA+ 850 (Band V), 900 (Band VIII), 2100 (Band I) MHz
GSM: GPRS/EDGE 850, 900, 1800, 1900 MHz
Bng thng h tr: LTE Cat 3 (100/50Mbps)
- Samsung Galaxy S4 GT-I9506
Bng tn h tr:
LTE 800/850/900/1800/2100/2600 (Band 20,5,3, 8,1,7)
WCDMA 850 (Band V), 900 (VIII), 1900 (II), 2100 (I)
GSM 850, 900, 1800, 1900
Bng thng h tr:
LTE Cat. 4 (150/37.5 Mbps)
HSDPA Cat. 24 (42 Mbps), HSUPA Cat. 6 (5.8 Mbps)
GPRS/EDGE Class 12
- Samsung Galaxy Note 3 N9005
Bng tn h tr:
LTE band 1(2100), 3(1800), 5(850), 7(2600), 8(900), 20(800)
WCDMA 850 (Band V), 900 (VIII), 1900 (II), 2100 (I)
GSM 850, 900, 1800, 1900
Bng thng h tr:
LTE Cat 4 (150/50Mbps)
HSPA 42.2/5.76 Mbps
 - TEMS Investigation: TEMS Investigation l mt cng c kim tra, pht hin
cc bn tin trn giao din v tuyn theo thi gian thc. Cng c ny c s dng nh
mt gii php o kim t u cui ti u cui nhm phc v cho vic ti u, v x l
li ca cht lng dch v trong giao din v tuyn v pha thu bao trong cc kch bn
th nghim khc nhau nh: khi di chuyn, khi trong cc ta nh Cng c ny cung cp
cc tnh nng m cho cc cng ngh, chc nng v cc thit b mi v lun c cp nht
pht trin p ng nhu cu pht trin. TEMS Investigation h tr hu ht cc cng
ngh nh LTE A, LTE, GSM, WCDMA, HSPA, HSPA+, CDMA, Wimax

- Nemo Analyze: Nemo Analyze l mt cng c phn tch c hiu qu cao v c

kh nng m rng cho vic o nh gi cht lng mng, t ng x l li, thit lp cc
bo co thng k da trn cc d liu o kim. i vi vic o nh gi mng, cng c
ny nh ngha trc cc mu bo co gip cho vic so snh cc tham s KPI (Key
Performance Indicator) theo tiu chun ca cc nh cung cp dch v, ca cc cng ngh
khc nhau v hin th cc kt qu trong mt bo co. Nemo Analyze h tr tt cc cc
cng ngh mng ln bao gm CDMA2000, HSPA+, LTE, LTE A.

Hnh 2 - 3: B cng c o kim v nh gi cht lng dch v 4G LTE

 Nh trn hnh 2 3 chng ta c th thy c mt b cng c o kim v nh gi
cht lng dch v 4G LTE v phn cng c bn gm cc thit b:

- My in thoi v USB 4G: thc hin m phng cc cuc gi thoi, video, v cc

dch v d liu khc

- GPS: thc hin cp nht ta , v tr ca cc im o gip cho vic to bn

vng ph trong cc bo co.

- My tnh: Ci t phn mm lu tr d liu, tnh ton kt qu, to bo co, phn

tch v nh gi cht lng dch v.

- My qut tn s (Scanner): thc hin vic qut cc tn s mt cch nhanh, chnh

xc trong cc mng v tuyn trn nhiu bng tn cng nh cc cng ngh khc nhau.

2.2 La chn cc tham s cho vic o kim v nh gi cht mng v dch v 4G

(LTE/LTE Advanced)

Xut pht t nhu cu thc t, kt hp vic tm hiu cc cng c o kim hin nay
ang c s dng vi vic nghin cu cc tiu chun c lin quan ti vic o kim cht
lng mng v dch v 4G ti Vit Nam cng nh trn th gii nh:

- QCVN 36:2015/BTTT Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng dch v in thoi
trn mng vin thng di ng mt t.

- QCVN 81:2014/BTTT Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng dch v truy nhp
Internet trn mng vin thng di ng mt t.

- ETSI TS 136.214 version 13.2.0 Release 13 (2016 - 08) LTE; Evolved Universal
Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical layer Measurements.

- ETSI TS 136.314 version 13.1.0 Release 13 (2016 - 04) LTE; Evolved Universal
Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Layer 2 Measurements.

- ETSI TS 136.133 version 13.3.0 Release 13 (2016 - 05) LTE; Evolved Universal
Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Requirements for support of radio resource
management.
- ETSI TS 136.213 version 13.0.0 Release 13 (2016 - 05) LTE; Evolved Universal
Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical layer procedures.

Nhm ch tr ti la chn ra mt b tham s c bn cho vic o kim v

nh gi cht lng mng v dch v 4G LTE v pha ngi s dng bao gm:

- Cc tham s KPI v cht lng ca mng v tuyn 4G.

- Cc tham s KPI v cht lng dch v thoi trn mng 4G.

- Cc tham s KPI v cht lng dch v d liu trn mng 4G.

Khi nim Key Performance Indicator (KPI): KPIs l thut ng chung c s dng
bi cc t nhchc nh gimc thnh cng ca t chc hoc ca mt kha cnh hot
ng c th m t chc cam kt. i vi cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng, cc ch
tiu KPI l cc ch tiu cht lng dch v (QoS) v cc ch tiu cht lng mng (NP).

KPI trong mng LTE bao gm: Cht lng vng ph, kh nng truy nhp, kh nng
duy tr, kh nng di ng, KPI dch v, Kh nng s dng, kh nng sn sng v lu
lng (Coverage, Accessibility, Retainability, Mobility, Service Integrity, Utilization,
Availability v Traffic).

KPI vng ph bao gm cc tham s nh gi cht lng vng ph, v d nh:

RSRP, RSRQ, SINR
2.2.1 Phn loi cc tham s KPI

Hnh 2 - 4 : Phn loi KPI trong mng LTE

Tng quan c hai phng thc c s dng thu thp cc tham s KPI:

- Thng k: Hu ht cc KPI c xc nh tng i bng phng thc ny, v d

nh RRC Success Rate, HO Success Rate,

- Drivetest/ Stationary test: Mt s cc KPI c xc nh bng phng thc ny nh

Attach Latency, Handover Latency,

2.2.2 Cng sut tn hiu thu RSRP Reference Signal Received Power

RSRP l mt trong cc tham s c bn trong vic o kim trn lp vt l ca UE.

RSRP s cung cp cho cc UE cc thng tin cn thit v cng tn hiu ca cc cell t
vic mt ng truyn c th c tnh ton v s dng trong cc thut ton iu
chnh v thit lp cng sut ti u cho vic hot ng trong mng. RSRP c th c s
dng trong c trong 2 trng thi IDLE v CONNECTED ca UE.

RSRP c tnh ton theo cng thc:

RSRP (dBm) = RSSI (dBm) - 10*log(12*N)

Vi:
 - RSRP l cng sut nhn c ca 1 Resource Element - RE (theo nh
ngha ca 3GPP): c tnh bng trung bnh ca cc mc cng sut thu
c trn tt c cc tn hiu chun trong ton b bng tn o kim.
- RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator Mc tn hiu thu) l tham s
cung cp thng tin v tng cng sut thu c (trn ton b cc tn hiu)
bao gm c nhiu. RSSI c o kim trn ton b bng thng.
- N: s RB (Resource Block) khi RSSI c o kim, v tham s ny ph
thuc vo bng thng.

Trong :

RSSI = wideband power = noise + serving cell power + interference power

RSRP trong 4G LTE l mttham s c s dng cho vic o kim vng ph

trong mng 4G LTE. Theo ETSI TS 136.133 khong gi tr ca RSRP c nh ngha
trong khong t -140 dBm cho ti -44 dBm.

Reported value Measured quantity value Unit

RSRP_00 RSRP < -140 dBm

RSRP_01 -140 RSRP < -139 dBm

RSRP_02 -139 RSRP < -138 dBm

RSRP_95 -46 RSRP < -45 dBm

RSRP_96 -45 RSRP < -44 dBm

RSRP_97 -44 RSRP dBm

Bng 1: Khong gi tr ca RSRP trong 4G LTE

2.2.3 Cht lng tn hiu thu RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality

RSRQ cung cp cho UE cc thng tin cn thit v cht lng tn hiu ca cc cell,
vic o kim tham s RSRQ tr nn c bit quan trng pha bin ca cc cell, khi cn
quyt nh c thc hin vic chuyn giao ti mt cell khc. RSRQ ch c s dng trong
trng thi CONNECTED ca UE.

RSRQ c tnh ton theo cng thc:

Vi:

- N: l s Physical Resource Blocks (PRB) khi RSSI c o kim, thng thng n bng
vi bng thng h thng.

- RSRP, RSSI l tng t nh trong phn 2.2.1.

RSRQ trong 4G LTE l mt tham s c s dng cho vic o kim cht lng
mng trong mng 4G LTE.Theo ETSI TS 136.133 khong gi tr ca RSRQ c nh
ngha trong khong t -34 dB cho ti 2.5 dB.

Reported value Measured quantity value Unit

RSRQ_-30 RSRQ< -34 dB

RSRQ_-29 -34 RSRQ < -33.5 dB

RSRQ_-02 -20.5 RSRQ < -20 dB

RSRQ_-01 -20 RSRQ < -19.5 dB

RSRQ_00 RSRQ < -19.5 dB

RSRQ_01 -19.5 RSRQ < -19 dB

RSRQ_02 -19 RSRQ < -18.5 dB

RSRQ_32 -4 RSRQ < -3.5 dB

RSRQ_33 -3.5 RSRQ < -3 dB

 RSRQ_34 -3 RSRQ dB

RSRQ_35 -3 RSRQ< -2.5 dB

RSRQ_36 -2.5 RSRQ< -2 dB

RSRQ_45 2 RSRQ< 2.5 dB

RSRQ_46 2.5 RSRQ dB

Bng 2: Khong gi tr ca RSRQ trong 4G LTE
2.2.4 T l tn hiu trn nhiu SNR Signal to Noise Ratio

V mt l thuyt ring tham s cng sut tn hiu khng th i din cho cht
lng tn hiu n khng th gip d on c bao nhiu li c th xy ra trn ng
truyn. Mc d cng sut tn hiu c th rt ln nhng i cng vi cng sut nhiu cng
ln tng ng th cha chc cht lng tn hiu c truyn i l tt, ngc li cng
sut tn hiu thp nhng cng sut nhiu li thp hn rt nhiu th kt qu l cht lng
tn hiu c th rt tt. Do SNR c s dng nh mt tham s o kim nh gi cht
lng tn hiu.

SNR c tnh ton theo cng thc:

SNR = S/N

Vi:

- S: l cng sut ca cc tn hiu c s dng o kim (cc thng tin c

ngha, cc tn hiu mong mun). Cc tn hiu chun v cc knh vt l chia
s ng xung l lin quan ch yu.
- N: l tng cng sut nhiu nn (cc tn hiu khng mong mun), n lin
quan ti vic o kim bng thng v cc h s nhiu thu c.

V mt gi tr SNR c th c c gi tr m v dng khi tnh theo dB. Gi tr SNR

m c ngha l cng sut tn hiu l thp hn so vi cng sut nhiu.
2.2.5 Ch s cht lng knh CQI Channel Quality Indicator

CQI l mt tham s o kim quan trng ca LTE, n l tham s i din cho cht
lng kt ni ca cc knh v tuyn, c tc ng ng k n hiu sut ca h thng.
Thng thng, mt gi tr CQI cao ch ra mt knh c cht lng cao v ngc li, cc
gi tr CQI ny c s dng bi cc eNode-B cho vic lp lch ng xung v p ng
lin kt, y l mt tnh nng quan trng ca LTE. UE c th s dng mt trong hai
phng php gi gi tr CQI ti eNode-B theo ng ln:

- nh k thng qua cc knh PUCCH hoc PUSCH.

- Khng nh k thng qua knh PUSCH trong trng hp, eNode-B trc tip yu cu UE
gi mt bo co v tham s CQI.

Trong LTE, CQI l mt gi tr nguyn 4 bit c tnh ton da trn tham s SINR
ti pha UE, c 15 gi tr CQI khc nhau t 1 n 15 v c nh x gia CQI v cc
phng thc iu ch, kch thc khi truyn ti nh c trong ETSI TS 136.213. Gi
tr 0 ch ra rng UE khng nhn c bt k tn hiu LTE no c th c s dng v
knh ang khng hot ng

CQI Index Modulation Code rate x 1024 Efficiency

0 Out of range
1 QPSK 78 0.1523
2 QPSK 120 0.2344
3 QPSK 193 0.3770
4 QPSK 308 0.6016
5 QPSK 449 0.8770
6 QPSK 602 1.1758
7 16QAM 378 1.4766
8 16QAM 490 1.9141
9 16QAM 616 2.4063
10 64QAM 466 2.7305
11 64QAM 567 3.3223
 12 64QAM 666 3.9023
13 64QAM 772 4.5234
14 64QAM 873 5.1152
15 64QAM 948 5.5547

CQI Index Modulation Code rate x 1024 Efficiency

0 Out of range
1 QPSK 78 0.1523
2 QPSK 193 0.3770
3 QPSK 449 0.8770
4 16QAM 378 1.4766
5 16QAM 490 1.9141
6 16QAM 616 2.4063
7 64QAM 466 2.7305
8 64QAM 567 3.3223
9 64QAM 666 3.9023
10 64QAM 772 4.5234
11 64QAM 873 5.1152
12 256QAM 711 5.5547
13 256QAM 797 6.2266
14 256QAM 885 6.9141
15 256QAM 948 7.4063

Bng 3: Bng gi tr ca CQI

2.2.6 CELL ID v TAC

CELL ID l tham s nh danh duy nht cho mi cell trong mng 4G LTE. Mc
ch c th tm v nh v mt UE trong vng phc v ca eNodeB.

TAC (Tracking Area Code): Trong mng di ng 4G LTE th TAC c gn vi

mt nhm eNodeB nht nh. Mc ch c th d dng tm v nh v mt UE. MME
s xc nh v tr ca ton b cc UE trong vng phc v ca n. Khi cc UE ln u tin
ng k vo mt mng th MME s to ra mt thc th cha cc thng tin ny trong
HSS. MME s bit ton b cc thng tin khi thay i eNodeB cng nh v tr ca cc UE
qua cc bn tin nh k.

2.2.7 Tc ti xung trung bnh Download DS Download Speed

Tc ti xung trung bnh l t s gia tng dung lng cc tp d liu ti xung

trn tng s thi gian ti xung.

2.2.8 Tc ti ln trung bnh Upload US Upload Speed

Tc ti ln trung bnh l t s gia tng dung lng cc tp d liu ti ln trn

tng s thi gian ti ln.

2.2.9 T l truyn ti gi b ri Packet loss

T l truyn ti gi b ri l t l (%) gia s ln truyn ti gi b ri trn tng s

ln truyn ti gi.

2.2.10 Thi gian tr truy nhp dch v trung bnh Latency

Thi gian tr truy nhp dch v trung bnh l trung bnh cng ca cc khong thi
gian tr truy nhp dch v.

2.2.11 T l truy nhp dch v thnh cng Service Access Success Rate

T l truy nhp dch v thnh cng l t l (%) gia s ln truy nhp dch v thnh
cng trn tng s ln truy nhp dch v.

2.2.12 T l cuc gi c thit lp thnh cng CSSR Call Setup Success Rate

T l cuc gi c thit lp thnh cng CSSR l t l (%) gia s cuc gi c

thit lp thnh cng trn tng s cuc gi c thc hin.
2.2.13 T l cuc gi b ri CDR Call Drop Rate

T l cuc gi b ri l t l (%) gia s cuc gi b ri trn tng s cuc gi c

thit lp thnh cng.

2.2.14 Cht lng cuc gi MOS Mean Opinion Score

Cht lng cuc gi l ch s tch hp ca cht lng truyn ting ni (vi voice
call), cht lng truyn ting ni v hnh nh (vi video call) c xc nh bng cch
tnh im trung bnh vi thang im MOS t 1-5.

2.3 Kt lun:

Chng II ca ti trnh by v phn tch cc phng php, cng c o kim,

nh gi cht lng mng v dch v 4G; Phn tch cc yu t nh hng n cht lng
mng v dch v.

Ngoi ra, trong phn ny cng cp, phn tch v la chn cc tham s, tiu ch,
cc b KPI phc v cho vic o kim v nh gi cht lng mng, dch v 4G nh
RSRP, RSRQ, SNR, CSSR, DCR, MOS ....
CHNG III - NGHIN CU, THIT K V XY DNG B
CNG C O KIM V NH GI CHT
LNG MNG & DCH V 4G.

3.1 Mc tiu xy dng cng c o kim v nh gi cht lng mng v dch v 4G

Trong nhng nm ti y, Vit Nam mng 4G LTE s c nhng bc pht trin

mnh m, nhiu doanh nghip vin thng trong nc sn sng trin khai v a mng
4G LTE vo thc t cng vi nhiu loi hnh dch v v cng a dng v i hi cht
lng dch v rt cao. m bo cht lng dch v, chim lnh th phn, cnh tranh
bn vng, cc doanh nghip s khng ngng m rng h tng v pht trin mng li.
Mt vn v cng ng quan tm trong qu trnh m rng l lm sao m bo c cht
lng mng v dch v 4G LTE. Nhm p ng nhu cu thc t v vic o kim cht
lng mng v dch v 4G LTE trong tng lai gn, ti nghin cu v xy dng
B cng c o kim v nh gi cht lng mng v dch v 4G LTE da theo cc
tham s c la chn t cc tiu chun trn th gii v Vit Nam:

- Cc tham s o kim cht lng mng 4G: RSRP, RSRQ, CQI, CELL ID, TAC.

- Cc tham s o kim cht lng dch v thoi trn mng 4G: CSSR, CDR, MOS, CELL
ID, TAC.

- Cc tham s o kim cht lng dch v d liu trn mng 4G: download speed, upload
speed, packet loss, delay, service accesss success rate.

Ngoi vic p ng cc tnh nng o kim cht lng mng v dch v 4G ni

chung, b cng c cn c cc tnh nng khc nh:

- B cng c h tr thng k v phn tch d liu o kim a dng: di dng text, th,
bn to cc bo co theo mu nh sn hoc c th ty bin theo yu cu ca ngi
s dng di dng xml, csv, pdf.

- B cng c s dng nhiu k thut v cc thut ton o kim tin tin nht hin nay trn
th gii cho kt qu o kim vi chnh xc cao.
- B cng c c pht trin v xy dng bi i ng chuyn gia, k s ngi Vit nn
rt thn thin, d dng trin khai, m rng v hot ng v cng n nh tuy nhin gi
thnh ca sn phm li thp hn rt nhiu so vi cc cng c o khc ang c s dng
hin nay nh TEMS, NEMO. Qua s tit kim c nhn lc v chi ph cho vic o
kim cht lng mng v dch v 4G LTE.

3.2 La chn yu cu k thut cho vic xy dng b cng c o kim cht lng
mng v dch v 4G LTE

3.2.1 Yu cu phn cng

Thng qua vic tm hiu cc chng loi thit b khc nhau hin nay ang c mt
trn th trng, nhm nghin cu la chn ra mt s thit b c cho l ph hp vi
vic o kim cht lng mng v dch v mng 4G LTE.

Thit b Cu hnh

Laptop Intel Core i5, RAM 4GB, HDD 500GB

in thoi Samsung J5 Chip Qualcomm Snapdragon 410 4 nhn

64 bit, 1.2 GHz
RAM 2GB
B nh trong 16GB
H iu hnh Android 6.0
H tr kt ni 4G LTE Cat4

USB 4G USB 4G Huawei, Sierra Wireless

GPS

Bng 4 : Yu cu phn cng cho b cng c o 4G LTE

3.2.2 Yu cu phn mm

3.2.2.1 H iu hnh Android

B cng c o kim cht lng mng v dch v 4G LTE c pht trin trn nn
tng phn cng l Samsung J5 vi h iu hnh Android 6.0 tng thch vi nhiu cng
ngh v tuyn nh: GPRS, UMTS, HSxPA, LTE H iu hnh Android cung cp cho
chng ta kh nng pht trin cc ng dng bng cch s dng cc Telephony API, cc
giao din g li, v cc mi trng thun li cho vic kim tra kh nng tng thch vi
cc loi thit b Android khc nhau. Tt c cc phn mm c s dng l m ngun m
v u c cp php, do chng ta khng phi chu thm bt c chi ph no cho vic
pht trin sn phm.

Cc ng dng cho Android c pht trin bng ngn ng Java s dng b pht
trin phn mm Android (SDK). SDK bao gm mt b y cc cng c dng pht
trin, gm c cng c g li, th vin phn mm, b gi lp in thoi da trn QEMU,
ti liu hng dn, m ngun mu, v hng dn tng bc. Mi trng pht trin tch
hp (IDE) c h tr chnh thc l Eclipse s dng phn b sung Android Development
Tools (ADT). Cc cng c pht trin khc cng c sn, gm c B pht trin gc dnh
cho cc ng dng hoc phn m rng vit bng C hoc C++, Google App Inventor, mt
mi trng ha cho nhng nh lp trnh mi bt u, v nhiu nn tng ng dng web
di ng a nn tng phong ph.

Android c mt ht nhn da trn nhn Linux phin bn 2.6, k t Android 4.0 Ice
Cream Sandwich tr v sau, l phin bn 3.x, vi middleware, th vin v API vit bng
C, cn phn mm ng dng chy trn mt nn tng ng dng gm cc th vin tng
thch vi Java da trn Apache Harmony. Android s dng my o Dalvik vi mt trnh
bin dch ng chy 'm dex' (Dalvik Executable) ca Dalvik, thng c bin dch
sang Java bytecode. Nn tng phn cng chnh ca Android l kin trc ARM. Ngi ta
cng h tr x86 thng qua d n Android x86, v Google TV cng s dng mt phin
bn x86 c bit ca Android.Nhn Linux dng cho Android c Google thc hin
nhiu thay i v kin trc so vi nhn Linux gc. Cc ng dng Android chy trong mt
mt khu vc ring r vi h thng v khng c tip cn n phn cn li ca ti nguyn
h thng, tr khi n c ngi dng trao quyn truy cp mt cch cng khai khi ci t.
Sau khi xem xt cc quyn ny, ngi dng c th chn ng hoc t chi chng, ng
dng ch c ci t khi ngi dng ng .

2.2.2.2 C s d liu

C s d liu database l mt ng dng dng lu tr tp hp cc d liu, to,

truy cp, qun l, tm kim v sao lu cc d liu m n lu tr. Trong thc t c th c
nhiu cch khc c s dng lu tr d liu, tuy nhin vic c v ghi d liu bng
cc cch ny khng th d dng v nhanh chng nh vic lu tr d liu trong c s d
liu. Hin nay cc h thng ni chung c mt lng c s d liu v cng ln, vi s
lng bn ghi c yu cu c ghi lin tc i hi s chnh xc tuyt i nhng cng
phi p ng yu cu v mt thi gian. Chnh v l do , cc h thng qun tr c s d
liu quan h (RDBMS Relational Database Management System) ra i, RDBMS l
mt h qun tr c s d liu da trn m hnh quan h c pht minh bi E. F. Codd.
Tt c cc h qun tr c s d liu c s dng rng ri hin nay nh Microsoft SQL
Server, MySQL, SQlite, Oracle u c pht trin da trn m hnh RDBMS.

Hnh 3 - 1: Kin trc chung ca h qun tr c s d liu quan h RDBMS

 Nh ta thy c rt nhiu h qun tr c s d liu hin nay ang c cc nh
pht trin phn mm s dng nh Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL, tuy nhin
tng thch vi nn tng phn cng v h iu hnh Android trong b cng c o kim
cht lng mng v dch v 4G LTE nhm nghin cu la chn MySQL l h qun tr c
s d liu bi v:

- MySQL c th tng thch vi nhiu loi ngn ng lp trnh khc nhau nh Java, ASP,
.NET, PHP, Python trong khi chy MySQL li khng i hi qu nhiu ti nguyn nh
CPU, RAM ca my tnh. Ngoi ra MySQL cn h tr chy tt trn nhiu h iu hnh
khc nhau nh: Linux, Windows, Mac OS

- MySQL l mt h qun tr c s d liu m ngun m ph bin nht trn th gii vi c

ch x l nhanh v n nh ca n, s ng tin cy cao v d s dng. Cng ng h tr
cho vic s dng MySQL l rt ln, chng ta rt d tm kim cc cu tr li cho cc
vng mc gp phi trong qu trnh s dng MySQL.

- MySQL a ra tnh nng bo mt c bit chc chn d liu s c bo mt tuyt i.

Trong vic xc nhn truy cp c s d liu, MySQL cung cp cc k thut mnh m chc
chn ch c ngi s dng c xc nhn mi c th truy nhp c vo server c s
d liu, vi kh nng ny chn ngi dng ngay t mc my khch l iu c th lm
c. SSH v SSL cng c h tr chc chn cc kt ni c an ton v bo mt.
Mt i tng framework c quyn c a ra m ngi s dng ch c th nhn thy
d liu, cc hm m ha v gii m d liu mnh chc chn rng d liu s c bo mt.

- Cc cng c backup v recovery c s d liu c cung cp bi MySQL v cc hng

phn mm th 3 cho php backup logic v vt l hon thin cng nh recovery ton b
hoc ti mt thi im no .

- MySQL hot ng theo m hnh client/server, cc client c th kt ni ti server thc

hin truy vn, cp nhp d liu bng cc cng c c sn trong MySQL hoc bng mt
phn mm ca mt bn th 3. Nhiu cng c ca cc hng phn mm th 3 cng c sn
trong MySQL iu khin cc tc v t thit k d liu v, n vic qun tr c s d
liu hon thin, thc hin kim tra, backup v recovery c s d liu khi cn thit.

3.3 Kin trc b cng c o kim cht lng mng v dch v 4G LTE

3.3.1 Kin trc b cng c

Hnh 3 - 2: M hnh kin trc b cng c o kim cht lng mng v dch v 4G LTE
V c bn b cng c c thit k mt cch n gin nht, rt tin li cho ngi s dng
bao gm cc module chc nng c m t nh trong hnh 4.1 bao gm:

- Module giao din ngi s dng: cho php ngi s dng thit lp cc bi o, mu o cho cc
tham s nh gi cht lng mng v dch v 4G LTE.

- Module o kim cc tham s cht lng mng 4G: cho php thc hin o kim v thu thp cc
s liu c lin quan ti cht lng mng 4G.

- Module o kim cc tham s cht lng dch v thoi trn mng 4G: cho php thc hin o
kim v thu thp cc s liu c lin quan ti cht lng dch v thoi trn mng 4G.

- Module o kim cc tham s cht lng dch v d liu trn mng 4G: cho php thc hin o
kim v thu thp cc s liu c lin quan ti cht lng dch v d liu trn mng 4G.
- Module c s d liu: cho php lu tr cc d liu ca ton b cc tham s o kim cht lng
mng v dch v 4G.

- Module thng k v phn tch: lm nhim v thng k v phn tch cc d liu o kim thu
thp c trong c s d liu.

- Module to bo co: thng qua cc s liu phn tch v thng k trn cho php ngi s
dng to cc bo co nh gi cht lng mng v dch v 4G theo cc mu c sn hoc cc mu
bo co ty bin.

3.3.2 Thit k chc nng

3.3.2.1 Yu cu chc nng

Hnh 3 - 3: M hnh phn r chc nng

3.3.2.2 Biu use case

B cng c o kim cht lng mng v dch v 4G LTE bao gm cc use case
chnh sau:

- Use case thit lp bi o cho cc tham s o kim:

+ o kim tham s cht lng mng 4G.

+ o kim tham s cht lng dch v thoi trn mng 4G.

+ o kim tham s cht lng dch v d liu trn mng 4G.

- Use case phn tch nh gi cht lng mng v dch v 4G:

+ Phn tch, thng k cc s liu o kim.

+ To cc bo co, nh gi cht lng mng v dch v 4G.

Hnh 3 - 4: Biu use case

3.3.2.3 Biu logic

Hnh 3 - 5: Biu logic cho use case thit lp bi o cho cc tham s o kim

Hnh 3 - 6: Biu logic cho use case phn tch, nh gi cht lng mng v dch v
4G
3.3.3 Thit k c s d liu

3.3.3.1 Tng quan v thit k c s d liu

Thit k l mt bc kh quan trng trong qu trnh xy dng mt c s d liu.

Trong h thng qun l d liu, cc cng vic ch yu c thc hin khng ch l thu
thp d liu, lu tr d liu, v khi phc cc d liu m quan trng hn c l chuyn i
cc d liu thnh thng tin. C ngi cho rng phn tch v thit k c s d liu l
mt lnh vc phc tp v rt kh hon thin, bi bn cnh s am hiu v cu trc, h
thng thng tin, hon thnh c mt c s d liu nhng nh thit k c s d liu
cn phi c t duy, kh nng phn tch v nhn nhn vn tt, thm vo kinh nghim
lm vic thc tin l mt vn khng km phn quan trngTuy nhin, c nhiu ngi
li cho rng vic phn tch v thit k c s d liu cng khng c g kh khn, c th
dng nhng phn mm h tr thit k c s d liu tr gip cho vic to lp cc bng,
cc trng, cc ch mc, cc mi quan h v ch trong mt khong thi gian rt ngn,
mt c s d liu c hon thnh. Tuy nhin im then cht ca vic thit k c s
d liu khng phi nm . Ngi thit k c s d liu s thy thi gian mnh to lp
cc bng, cc mi quan hl qu ngn so vi qu trnh tm cch pht trin v duy tr c
s d liu va c thit k ln mt mc cao hn, y hn; xut pht t nhng yu
cu ca vic phn tch chc nng, hay t cc yu cu v cu hnh ca h thng. thit
k mt c s d liu v c bn bao gm cc bc:

- Xc nh vn cn gii quyt (hoc nh ngha cc i tng).

- Nghin cu cc h thng c s d liu sn c.
- Thit k cc cu trc d liu.
- Xy dng cc quan h.
- M t cc lut v rng buc.
- To lp cc bn c t d liu.
- Thc hin thit k c s d liu.
 a. Xc nh vn cn gii quyt (hoc nh ngha cc i tng)

y l bc u tin v cng l bc quan trng nht bt u vi mt qu trnh

lm vic mang tnh tru tng cao. Xc nh vn mt cch y , c th s gip cho
cc i tng m nh thit k quan tm trong c s d liu ca mnh tr nn r rng hn.
Tm quan trng ca vic xc nh vn cn gii quyt c th hin trn hai yu cu:

- C s d liu s c s dng nh th no?

- Nhng thng tin g cn c lu tr trong c s d liu?

Bc ny l bc thc hin quan trng u tin. Bi ngun d liu trong tng lai
s c truyn ti vo c s d liu m nh thit k ang tin hnh phn tch lun mang
nhng c tnh t nhin vn c ca n. iu ny cng ng ngha vi suy ngh: thng tin
khng phi l ngun gc ca d liu. Thng tin ch l ci m t hnh thc cng nh bn
cht ca i tng hay nhng vn cn gii quyt. y, c th xut hin mt s kh
khn i vi nhiu ngi thit k c s d liu. l nhng kh khn xut pht t yu
cu m t thng tin ca cc i tng s c mt trong c s d liu. i tng trong thc
t thng mang nhng nt c th, c th thay i theo thi gian, theo tng a im, v
suy ngh ch quan ca ngi s dng. Vn s c n gin hn khi chng ta phn
bit hai hng thit k c s d liu: Hng th nht: c s d liu s c thit k mt
cch n l phc v cho mt i tng t thay i. Hng th hai: c s d liu c
thit k theo hng tng qut ha, xut pht t cc yu cu ca nhiu i tng khc
nhau.

Mt s mu thun trong tng thit k s ny sinh v i chi vi nhau t hai

vn ny. Theo hng th nht, mc y , chnh xc khi m t cc i tng s d
dng hn nhng yu cu cho vic pht trin tng thit k s b b buc. Hng th hai
s c li cho qu trnh pht trin h thng, nhng s kh khn hn cho cc nh thit k,
cng nh yu cu v tnh chnh xc, y ca d liu. La chn hng thit k no l
iu rt quan trng, bi khi la chn c hng thit k, th ngi thit k c s d
liu s xc nh c phm vi cng nh ni dung ca ca cc i tng v nhng vn
cn gii quyt. Trong trng hp, bn ang thc hin mt gii php tin hc mang tnh
tng qut cao hay ang sn xut mt phm mm ng gi c th p dng c nhiu ni,
d nhin, hng thit k th hai l la chn tt nht ca bn. Trng hp, bn ch thc
hin mt gii php tin hc trong khun kh mt cng ty, hay doanh nghip no , s ty
vo tng iu kin c th khc, v d: yu cu pht trin h thng, tnh n nh trong cc
hot ng ca doanh nghip, vn t vn, trin khai, gi tr hp ng bn c th
la chn mt hng thit k c s d liu thch hp nht cho mnh.

b. Nghin cu cc h thng c s d liu sn c

Trong hu ht cc trng hp thit k, chng ta thng bt gp nhng thng tin,

chi tit c th hin mt cch tng i chnh xc trong mt s h thng d liu
c t trc. Nhng h thng d liu ny s cung cp cho cc nh thit k rt nhiu thng
tin cn thit, di bt k hnh thc m t no. y chnh l mt trong nhng im khi
u thch hp nht ca qu trnh thit k mt c s d liu. Ngi thit k s d dng hn
trong vic m t nhng c tnh cn thit ca rt nhiu i tng cn c xy dng
trong c s d liu. Tnh thc t ca cc h thng d liu c sn ny khng nhng s gip
cho ngi thit k nm bt c thng tin ca i tng m cn gip cho h thy c
nhng mi quan h gia chng. y l mt cn c rt hu ch phc v cho qu trnh m
t cc rng buc sau ny.

Trong qu trnh nghin cu nhng h thng d liu c sn ny, ngi thit k cn

c cc bc chn lc thng tin tht hp l. Bi thng tin cha ng trong cha chc
hon ton chnh xc, c th thiu hoc d tha. y l mt trng hp thng gp
trong thc t, c bit l khi nghin cu nhng h thng d liu nhng n v m tnh
t chc cng nh kh nng qun l cha cao. Nghin cu cc h thng d liu sn c l
mt iu ht sc cn thit trong bt c trng hp thit k c s d liu no. i vi
trng hp thit k c s d liu n l phc v cho i tng t thay i th ngi thit
k s hn ch c vic b st thng tin v mt thi gian hn khi tm cch thm bt
cc trng lu tr d liu. Ngc li, trong trng hp thit k theo hng tng qut,
ngi thit k s tch ly c nhiu kin thc thc t hn, t c ci nhn tng th hn
v thun li hn trong qu trnh qui np thng tin phc v cho hng i tng qut ca
mnh.

c. Thit k cc cu trc d liu

Mt c s d liu l mt tp hp ca cc bng d liu (Tables) v cc mi quan h

(Relations). Trong mi bng d liu u c cc trng d liu (Fields, Columns), y
chnh l ni lu tr cc chi tit ca d liu. V vy, bc tip theo ca qu trnh thit k l
xc nh v m t cu trc ca cc trng d liu ny. D nhin, bn cha phi t tn cho
cc bng d liu cng nh suy ngh la chn tn trng d liu sao cho hp l nht.
Vic t tn, bn s thc hin rt d dng trong bc thc hin thit k sau ny, khi bn
c sn nhng bn m t chi tit v cc bng, cc trng d liu c trnh by r
rng.

y c th l cng on mang n nhiu ch li i vi bn, bi lc ny nhng

hnh nh ca cc i tng thc t s c bn m t li theo suy ngh ca mnh. Nhng
vn cn c gii quyt m bn xc nh t bc u tin s dn dn hin ra r rng
hn. Bn s thy c c th nhng i tng m mnh nh ngha, t m bit c
ci no cha thc s hp l, ci no cn phi iu chnh li Trong nhiu trng hp, t
bc xc nh i tng n bc thit k cu trc d liu, ngi thit k c th d dng
thc hin cng vic ca mnh, bi cc chi tit thc t gn nh thng nht vi nhng cu
trc d liu ang c phn tch. Trong mt s trng hp khc, s xut hin mt s trc
trc cn phi x l y. V d: nhiu t chc c th s dng nhng thut ng tng t
nhau m t nhng d liu tng i khc nhau, hoc thng tin ca mt i tng c
lu tr lp i lp li nhiu ln, nhiu ni Cng c th, bn s gp kh khn trong vic
nh ngha trng d liu no s lm kha chnh (Primary key), hay trng d liu no s
c tham chiu t d liu c m t trong mt i tng khc (Foreign key)

Sau khi cc bng d liu c xc nh v cc trng d liu c sp xp vo

mi bng, chng ta s quan tm n vic m t nhng c tnh ring cho mi trng d
liu . Mt trng d liu tt phi l mt trng m thng tin c cha ng trong
khng th chia nh thm c na. y chnh l mt yu cu c bn trong qu trnh
chun ha d liu. Tm hiu k cc dng chun ha d liu v p dng vo vic thit k
cc trng d liu l mt vn khng th b qua khi bn thit k bt c c s d liu
no. y cng l lc thch hp bt u ngh n vic xc nh kiu d liu cho tng
trng. Nhng thng tin gip cho vic xc nh cc kiu d liu (Datatype), c th chng
ta bit c phn nhiu t khi bt tay vo bc xc nh i tng nghin cu. Tuy
nhin, vn cn mt s vn cn gii quyt. Ch yu l vic m t li nhng kiu d liu
ang c th hin trong thc t vo h thng kiu d liu m chng ta ang nh ngha
ca c s d liu. V nh: nhn dng kiu d liu ca cc trng v kim tra tnh chnh
xc ca n bng tp hp cc d liu mu. y l cng vic rt d dng nhng s gip bn
gim c rt nhiu thi gian trong sut qu trnh chnh sa v pht trin m hnh m
mnh ang thit k.

Thng th chng ta t c thi quen tp hp nhng chi tit tng t nhau thnh mt
hnh thc m t mang tnh tng qut. Trong khi xc nh cc kiu d liu, nu bn c
cch nhn hi ngc vi thi quen trn, c th bn s lm cho vn cn gii quyt tr
nn n gin hn. Mt c s d liu c th c hng trm, hng ngn trng d liu, mi
trng nht nh phi c m t theo mt kiu d liu no . Trong s , li c th, c
nhng trng d liu c lu tr theo cng mt kiu d liu. Vn dng khi nim nh
ngha min d liu (Domain), chng ta s khng mt nhiu thi gian m t kiu d liu
cho cc trng.

d. Xy dng cc mi quan h

Mt c s d liu khng th thiu i cc mi quan h, nhng thnh phn ch yu

m chng ta thng dng lin kt thng tin gia cc i tng c trong c s d liu.
Cc quan h m chng ta m t trong c s d liu s c nhim v ni kt thng tin mt
cch chnh xc v y nhng mi quan h gia cc i tng. Khi tin hnh m t cc
mi quan h, bn th nhn li nhng cu trc d liu m mnh to lp. Nhng hnh nh
v cu trc ca cc i tng s l mt yu t u vo kh quan trng c th gip chng
ta m t c cc quan h mt cch chnh xc, y . Cn kim tra li vic to lp cc
trng d liu ng vai tr l kha chnh trong tng bng d liu. Xc nh kha chnh
mt cch hp l s gip cho bn m t cc mi quan h r rng hn cng nh s gip cho
d liu c lu tr sau ny mang tnh chun ha cao. giai on ny, c th bn s thy
r hn tm quan trng ca vic m t cu trc d liu, v nh xc nh trng d liu lm
kha chnh. Bi khi to lp cc mi quan h, c nhng i tng m thng tin lu tr ca
n phi da vo s lin kt thng tin ca mt s i tng khc, mi c to thnh.

Cc mi quan h c m t trong c s d liu, c phn tng t nh nhng mi

quan h trong nhng hot ng i thng ca con ngi vy. Quan st nhng mi quan
h thc t , chng ta c th thun li hn rt nhiu trong khi thit k. Rt nhiu nhng
quan h m bn tng nhn thy trong thc t, s c yu cu m t v ln lt xut
hin trong c s d liu. Tuy nhin, hnh thc, tnh cht ca cc mi quan h l g?
iu ny, bn khng th b qua c. C nhng quan h bt buc phi c, c nhng quan
h khng bt buc, c nhng quan h mang tnh duy nht, c nhng quan h a chiu

e. M t cc lut v rng buc

H thng c s d liu, thc ra, chnh l ni lu tr cc thng tin v mt vn ,

c t chc hp l thnh mt c s cho cc cng vic nh: truy tm thng tin, rt ra
cc kt lun v a ra cc quyt nh Thc t cc hot ng ny thng nm trong gii
hn ca cc lut (rules) v mt lot rng buc quan h (constraints). Nu khng c cc
lut, cng nh cc rng buc trong mt i tng hay gia cc i tng, c s d liu
vn c th to lp c, nhng l mt c s d liu km cht lng. Cc lut v cc
rng buc quan h xut hin hai phn:

- ngay bn trong ca tng i tng (quan h bn trong).

- Din ra khi c s lin kt gia cc i tng (quan h bn ngoi).

Cc lut v cc rng buc quan h l hai yu t khng th thiu c trong cu trc

ca mt c s d liu, tnh an ton, chnh xc v hp l ca c s d liu c quan tm
trc ht qua cc lut v cc rng buc quan h. , nhng kim tra mang tnh cht bt
buc cng nh khng bt buc, s m t cho qu trnh thit k cc i tng. Mt v d
c th: Nu trong mt i tng no c lu tr 2 thng tin: gi tr ln nht v gi tr
nh nht ca mt thuc tnh no th nht thit gi tr nh nht phi lun b hn hoc
bng gi tr ln nht, chnh l mt lut. Cc lut v rng buc s lm cho d liu c
r rng hn v vy thng tin s tt hn khi s dng d liu . Cc lut v rng buc s
gii hn nh dng cc d liu hoc cch thc m d liu t bng ny c th c lin
qua (tham chiu) t bng khc. Mt s rng buc c xc nh da trn tnh t nhin
vn c ca d liu. Hnh thc rng buc ny c thc hin mt cch bnh thng
m bo tnh chnh xc v ng n ca d liu. C th nhng gi tr ca d liu thng
c kim tra li da trn mt danh sch hoc s la chn nhng gi tr khc vi cc rng
buc c xc nh. Kiu rng buc ny thng c d dng thc hin v thay i
hn.

f. To lp cc bn c t d liu

Vic to lp cc bn c t d liu l mt bc ht sc cn thit th hin r nt

hn hnh nh v nhng c im ca d liu trong qu trnh thit k c s d liu. Cc
bn c t d liu l nhng mu d liu mang tnh thc t, c trnh by c th trn
giy, my tnh Trong qu trnh to lp cc bn c t d liu th mt k thut kh quan
trng nng hiu qu trnh by d liu ln rt nhiu l k thut View. View l nhng
s la chn d liu m chng ta c kh nng ly c t c s d liu. N cng c th l
mt tp con c rt ra mt cch n gin t d liu c trong cc bng hoc cng c th
l mt s la chon d liu phc tp hn bng cch lin kt cc bng li vi nhau di mt
s iu kin no . D nhin, lc ny, chng ta cha hon thnh vic thit k mt c s
d liu th cc k thut to View thng qua cc cu lnh truy vn kh m thc hin
c. y, View c th hin bng cc bn c t d liu trong c thm s trnh
by, lin kt thng tin gia cc i tng (bng).

g. Thc hin thit k c s d liu

Bn c th bt u dng mt t giy kh ln v ln cc i tng v quan h

gia cc i tng. Khi c y thng tin v cc i tng, cc cu trc d liu, cc
quan h v rng buc th vic thit k c s d liu ch l cng vic kh n gin v mang
tnh cht t chc. Tuy nhin, mt c s d liu mun thnh hnh v c th mang vo ng
dng trong thc t th khng th thiu c bc ny. Khi thc hin thit k c s d liu
cn m bo cc yu cu:

- T chc, sp xp cc i tng v quan h ng vi cc yu cu v rng buc.

- Cc i tng ca c s d liu phn tch, chn lc cn c th hin y .

- Hnh nh ca cc i tng, quan h phi c th hin ph hp, b tr hp l.

- Din gii, ghi ch nhng im quan trng bn thit k c r rng hn.

thc hin tt nhng yu cu , chng ta nn s dng cc phn mm h tr cho

vic phn tch v thit k c s d liu. Cc phn mm ny, bn cnh l mt cng c gip
cho chng ta v, minh ha cc i tng, thuc tnh, quan h cn l nhng tin ch gip
chng ta trnh by bn thit k ca mnh mt cch r rng, hp l hn. ng thi cng
gip cho vic kim tra li thit k, v tr gip cho chng ta cch chnh sa cc li
nhanh hn.

3.3.3.2 Thit k bng d liu

Bng 5 : Cc bng d liu chnh

Tn trng Kiu d liu Kch thc trng M t

Bng 4G_Data

id int 11 Primary key (not null)

test_name varchar 255 Tn bi test

download varchar 255 Gi tr tham s download

upload varchar 255 Gi tr tham s upload

packet loss varchar 255 Gi tr tham s packet loss

delay varchar 255 Gi tr tham s delay

 http_code varchar 255 Gi tr tham s t l truy nhp
dch v thnh cng

last_update varchar 255 Thi gian cp nht

download_profile varchar 255 Thng tin cu hnh tc

download

upload_profile varchar 255 Thng tin cu hnh tc

upload

Bng 4G_Network

id int 11 Primary key (not null)

test_name varchar 255 Tn bi test

RSRP varchar 255 Gi tr tham s RSRP

RSRQ varchar 255 Gi tr tham s RSRQ

SNR varchar 255 Gi tr tham s SNR

CQI varchar 255 Gi tr tham s CQI

CELL ID varchar 255 Gi tr tham s CELL ID

TAC varchar 255 Gi tr tham s TAC

last_update varchar 255 Thi gian cp nht

Bng 4G_Call

id int 11 Primary key (not null)

test_name varchar 255 Tn bi test

CSSR varchar 255 Gi tr tham s CSSR

CDR varchar 255 Gi tr tham s CDR

MOS varchar 255 Gi tr tham s MOS

CELL ID varchar 255 Gi tr tham s CELL ID

 TAC varchar 255 Gi tr tham s TAC

last_update varchar 255 Thi gian cp nht

3.4 M t cng c o kim v nh gi cht lng mng v dch v 4G

Cng c o kim, nh gi cht lng mng v dch v 4G (LTE/LTE Advanced)

c xy dng hng ti vic phc v cng tc o kim v nh gi cht lng dch v
thoi v Data trn mng 4G ca Cc Vin thng cng nh cc nh cung cp dch v nh
MobiFone, VinaPhone, Viettel, Vietnammobile. Cng c o kim c xy dng v pht
trin. C th h thng o kim cht lng mng v dch v 4G (LTE/LTE Advanced) c
th o v nh gi cc ch tiu sau:
o kim cc thng s v cht lng mng:
o RSRP
o RSRQ
o SNR
o Cell ID
o LAC
o TAC
o PCI
o kim cc ch tiu cht lng dch v thoi:
o T l cuc gi c thit lp thnh cng;
o T l cuc gi b ri
o Cht lng thoi (MOS);
o kim cc ch tiu cht lng dch v Internet (Data)
o T l truy nhp thnh cng dch v
o Thi gian tr truy nhp dch v trung bnh
o T l truyn ti d liu b ri
o Tc ti d liu trung bnh (ng ln v ng xung)
o Tr gi
o Mt gi
3.4.1 Gii thiu giao din cng c o kim cht lng dch v 4G

1 Khi menu ca phn mm

2 Khi thit lp cc thng s v thc hin test.

3 Khi hin th thng tin kt qu.

4 Khi gim st tin trnh test v ghi li.

B cng c mc nh thc hin o kim cc tham s mng, km theo cht lng thoi
cuc gi nu c yu cu.
3.4.1.1 Khi menu ca phn mm

Menu File

Export CSSR result Xut kt qu ca bi o CSSR dng *.csv.

Export MOSresult Xut kt qu ca bi o MOS dng *csv.
Close ng ng dng.
Meunu Result

CSSR Result M bng thng k kt qu o kim MOS

MOS Result M bng thng k kt qu o kim CSSR
3.4.2 Hng dn thit lp v o kim

3.4.2.1 Thit lp chung

2 3

1 Qut cc thit b kt ni n.

2 Khai bo serial v s ch gi tng ng.

3 Khai bo serial v s b gi tng ng.

 4 Chn ch test.

5
Khai bo tn bi test, tng s cuc gi test, khong cc gia 2 cuc gi lin
tip.
6 Sau khi khai bo xong th vo Config xc nhn cu hnh.

3.4.2.2 o kim ch tiu cht lng thoi (MOS)

Thit lp

Bc 1.

2 3

1 Qut cc thit b kt ni n.

2 Khai bo serial v s ch gi tng ng.

 3 Khai bo serial v s b gi tng ng.

4 Chn ch test MOS

5
Khai bo tn bi test, tng s cuc gi test, khong cc gia 2 cuc gi lin
tip.
6 Sau khi khai bo xong th vo Config xc nhn cu hnh.

Thc hin o

2
5

1 n nt Start thc hin test vi thng s cu hnh bc trn.

2
n bo trng thi cuc gi ( trng, xm : Idle, vng : ang thit lp cuc gi,
xanh : cuc gi ang din ra ).
 3 Hin th th t cuc gi trn tng s cuc gi cn test.

4 Hin th thng tin kt qu ca cc cuc gi thc hin.

5
Hin th log cc cuc gi din ra ( gi t thit b no, thi gian no, c kt
ni c khng, v kt thc cha.)
Xem v xut kt qu

Ngi s dng c th xut kt qu ra file excel bng cch s dng menu File ->Export
MOS Result.

Ngi dng cng c th xem nhanh kt qu v lc khong thi gian mong mun theo
tng line bng cch s dng menu Result ->MOS Result.

3.4.2.3 o kim ch tiu t l cuc gi thit lp thnh cng (CSSR)

Thit lp

Bc 1.

2 3

6
 1 Qut cc thit b kt ni n.

2 Khai bo serial v s ch gi tng ng.

3 Khai bo serial v s b gi tng ng.

4 Chn ch test CSSR

5
Khai bo tn bi test, tng s cuc gi test, khong cc gia 2 cuc gi lin
tip.
6 Sau khi khai bo xong th vo Config xc nhn cu hnh.

Thc hin o

4
 1 n nt Start thc hin test vi thng s cu hnh bc trn.

2
n bo trng thi cuc gi ( trng, xm : Idle, vng : ang thit lp cuc gi,
xanh : cuc gi ang din ra ).
3 Hin th th t cuc gi trn tng s cuc gi cn test.

4 Hin th thng tin kt qu ca cc cuc gi thc hin.

5
Hin th log cc cuc gi din ra ( gi t thit b no, thi gian no, c kt
ni c khng, v kt thc cha.)

Xem v xut kt qu

Ngi s dng c th xut kt qu ra file excel bng cch s dng menu File ->Export
CSSR Result.

Ngi dng cng c th xem nhanh kt qu v lc khong thi gian mong mun theo
tng line bng cch s dng menu Result ->CSSR Result.
3.4.2.4 o kim ch tiu tham s mng 4G

Thit lp

Bc 1.

2 3

1 Qut cc thit b kt ni n.
2 Khai bo serial v s ch gi tng ng.
3 Khai bo serial v s b gi tng ng.
4 Chn ch test CSSR hoc MOS
5 Khai bo tn bi test, tng s cuc gi test = 0.
6 Sau khi khai bo xong th vo Config xc nhn cu hnh.
CHNG IV - TH NGHIM NH GI CNG C O KIM
VI CC DCH V TRN MNG DI NG 4G
(LTE/LTE ADVANCED) TIVIT NAM

4.1 B bi o, nh gi cht lng dch v 4G

4.1.1 Bi o t l thit lp thnh cng cuc gi chiu i MO CSSR

im o, cng thc

a. Call flow
Call flow thc hin cuc gi chiu i (MO):

Hnh 4 - 1 : Call flow thc hin cuc gi chiu i

b. Cng thc: MO CSSR= (B/A)*100%.
Trong :
+ A l tng s ln thc hin gi in, im o A nh hnh v trn, xc nh bi
thi im thc hin lnh gi ti in thoi nh trn hnh v.
 + B l tng s ln thit lp thnh cng cuc gi, im o B nh hnh v trn,
xc nh bi im nhn c ch th thng knh lu lng trn hnh v.

Thit lp bi o

iu kin:
+ Thu bao ch gi lthu baoang hot ng bnh thng thuc 1 trong 3 nh
mng cn kim tra ti Vit Nam, cn ti khon s dng cho cuc gi >60s.
+ Thu bao b gi l 1 s di ng khcca nh mng ti nc ngoi thuc 1
trong 5 quc gia cn kim tra, khng b chn chiu nhn, nhn cuc gi bnh
thng.
Th tc:
+ Thu bao ch gi bm thc hin cuc gi cho thu bao b gi.
+ Khong cch gia 2 cuc gi 10s.
+ Thc hin ghi log v thng tin CLIP/CLIR cuc gi
+ Thc hin 1500 cuc.

4.1.2 Bi o thi gian thit lp thnh cng cuc gi chiu i MO CSSR

im o, cng thc

a. Call flow

Call flow thc hin cuc gi chiu i (MO):

 A

b. Cng thc: thi gian thit lp cuc gi = time(B) time(A).

Trong :
+ A l tng s ln thc hin gi in, im o A nh hnh v trn, xc nh bi
thi im thc hin lnh gi ti in thoi nh trn hnh v.
+ B l tng s ln thit lp thnh cng cuc gi, im o B nh hnh v trn,
xc nh bi im nhn c ch th thng knh lu lng trn hnh v.

Thit lp bi o

iu kin:
+ Thu bao ch gi l thu bao ang hot ng bnh thng thuc 1 trong 3 nh
mng cn kim tra ti Vit Nam, cn ti khon s dng cho cuc gi >60s.
+ Thu bao b gi l 1 thu bao di ng khc ca nh mng ti nc ngoi
thuc 1 trong 5 quc gia cn kim tra, nhn cuc gi bnh thng.
Th tc:
+ Thu bao ch gi bm thc hin cuc gi cho thu bao b gi.
+ Khong cch gia 2 cuc gi 10s.
 + Thc hin ghi log v thng tin CLIP/CLIR cuc gi
+ Thc hin 1500 cuc.

4.1.3 Bi o t l rt cuc gi DCR

+ S mu m phng l 1500 cuc, cuc gi c di 60s, khong cch gia 2 cuc

gi cng 1 ch gi khng nh hn 10s.

im o, cng thc

Cng thc: DCR = (B/A)*100%.

Trong :

+ A l tng s ln thc hin thnh cng cuc gi, xc nh bi vic thit lp

c knh lu lng, m thu bao ch gi nhn c t mng.

+ B l tng s cuc gi b drop, xc nh bi bn tin Disconnect m thu bao

nhn c t mng hoc do chnh thu bao gi cho mng. Trong , thi gian
t im nhn bn tin Alerting thi im nhn bn tin Disconnect nh
hn gi tr thi gian cuc gi c ci t.

Thit lp bi o

iu kin:

+ Thu bao ch gi l thu bao ang hot ng bnh thng thuc 1 trong 3
nh mng cn kim tra ti Vit Nam, cn ti khon s dng cho cuc gi >60s.
Thu bao ch gi nm s b gi nm trong vng sng tt v n nh m bo
cuc gi khng b rt do nguyn nhn pha u xa.

+ Thu bao ti khon thc hin cuc gi vi thi gian c ci t (60s).

+Thu bao b gi l 1 thu bao di ng khc ca nh mng ti nc ngoi

thuc 1 trong 5 quc gia cn kim tra, nhn cuc gi bnh thng.

Th tc:
+ Thu bao ch gi thit lp cuc gi, cuc gi c duy tr 60s.
 + Khong cch gia 2 cuc gi 10s.
+ Thc hin 1500 ln, thu bao ch gi thc hin li cuc gi sau khi drop
hoc timeout.

4.1.4 Bi o MOS

+ S mu m phng l 1500 cuc, khong cch gia 2 cuc gi cng 1 ch gi

khng nh hn 10s.

im o, cng thc

Cng thc: DCR =

Trong :

+ A l tng s ln thc hin thnh cng cuc gi.

+ B l tng gi tr im MOS ca cc mu o.

Thit lp bi o

iu kin:

+ Thu bao ch gi l thu bao ang hot ng bnh thng thuc 1 trong 3
nh mng cn kim tra ti Vit Nam.Thu bao ch gi nm s b gi nm trong
vng sng tt v n nh m bo cuc gi khng b rt do nguyn nhn pha
u xa.

+ Thu bao ch gi ti khon thc hin cuc gi vi thi gian c ci

t (khong 15s).

+Thu bao b gi l 1 s di ng khc ca nh mng ti nc ngoi thuc 1

trong 5 quc gia cn kim tra, khng b chn chiu nhn, nhn cuc gi bnh
thng.
Th tc:

+ Thu bao ch gi thit lp cuc gi, pht v ghi m thanh.

 + Khong cch gia 2 cuc gi 10s.
+ Thu bao b gi thu li m thanh v so snh vi m thanh gc c pht
i phn tch im MOS.
+ Thc hin ghi log v thng tin CLIP/CLIR cuc gi
+ Thc hin 1500 ln.

4.1.5 Bi o Download v Upload trn 1 bng tn v bng tnkt hp

01 UE lock vo LTE DL/UL phin FTP trn 1 bng tn.

01 UE lock vo LTE DL/UL phin FTP trn bng tn kt hp.

01 UE qut tn 4G

S lng mu>=1000

Cc tham s KPI c th o kim nh gi:

Lu lng: Thng lng trung bnh DL/UL.

4.1.6 Bi o Scan tham s mng

02 UE kha ch LTE thc hin cuc gi di 30s, thi gian gia 2 cuc gi
10s

01 UE ch Idle mode lock vo 4G.

S lng cuc gi >=1000

Cc tham s KPI c th o kim nh gi:

Vng ph sng: RSRP, RSRQ, SINR

Kh nng truy nhp: t l thit lp cuc gi thnh cng.
4.2 Kt qu o kim, th nghim cng c o 4G

Ngi s dng c th kim tra kt qu trn web:

- Tham s SNR

- Tham s RSRP:
- Tham s RSRQ:

- Tham s CellID:

Hnh 4 - 2 : Kt qu o th nghim cc tham s RSRP, RSRQ, SNR, CellID

- o kim ch tiu CSSR

- o kim ch tiu Tc ti d liu

 CHNG V - KT LUN & KHUYN NGH
Vi s pht trin ca cng ngh truy nhp mng di ng 4G (LTE/LTE Advanced).
Vic xy dng c cng c o kim cht lng mng v dch v 4G rt thit thc. Mc
tiu ca cng c o kim nhm thc hin o kim v nh gi cc thng s cht lng
mng v dch v 4G. Cung cp mt cng c qun l, cnh bo v phn tch cc vn
trong mng.

Nhm p ng nhu cu cn thit v tnh kh dng ca mng v yu cu o kim cht

lng dch v mng 4G, cc k thut lu lng IP trn mng 4G tr nn rt quan
trng, do vic o kim theo hng k thut lu lng l cn thit. H thng phn mm
xem xt n cc yu t sau y:

1) o kim, nh gi cc tham s cht lng mng v tuyn 4G (LTE / LTE

Advanced) nh: RSRP, RSRQ, SNR, PCI, CellID.

2) o kim, ahs gi cht lng dch v thoi trn mng di ng 4G vi cc

ch tiu: T l CSSR, DCR, MOS.

3) o kim cht lng dch v Internet trn mng 4G: Cng c o kim p
ng c cc yu cu c bn v o kim cht lng dch v Internet thng
qua cc tham s: Tc ti d liu trung bnh, Tc ti d liu b ri,
Packet delay, Packet loss, cng nh nh gi c bn mt s dch v mng
nh Web loading

4) Kh nng m rng h thng o kim c kh nng m rng ph hp vi

tc v kch thc ca mng.

5) Qun l tp trung: H thng c thit k v thc thi theo m hnh Client

Server gip cho nh qun tr c th qun l cht lng mng ti nhiu im
trn mng ca mnh. H thng cho php qun l, gim st tp trung.

6) m bo o kim chnh xc v tin cy.

7) o kim tch cc khng b nh hng bi cc ISP.

8) Vic tng hp, phn tch mt lng d liu ln c thc hin bi h

thng, gip gim thiu thi gian phn tch cho ngi qun tr.
 9) D bo lu lng da trn kt qu o kim v mu - bng cch lu gi
nhng thng k v c tnh mng t kt qu o kim trc , cc ti
nguyn c th c sp xp li, mng c th c cu hnh li theo lu
lng d bo, do c th ci thin hiu nng v QoS ca mng.

Hng nghin cu v pht trin m rng tip theo ca h thng phn mm o kim
gm:
1) Nghin cu o kim cht lng dch v ang c cung cp trn mng.

2) Nng cp cc k thut o v th tc o cht lng dch v, mng 4G nhm

p ng linh hot theo nhu cu o kim thc t trn mng.

3) Phn tch su hn cc bn tin iu khin nhm xc nh r nguyn nhn ca

cc s kin, phc v cng tc ti u v nng cao cht lng mng
 TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] LTE L11 KPI Analysis - ERICSSON

[2] LTE L11 Throughput Troubleshooting Techniques - ERICSSON

[3] TEMS Discovery Training ASCOM

[4] eRAN 7.0 KPI Reference HUAWEI

[5] Carrier Aggregation: Fundamentals and Deployments Keysight Technology

[6] Dimensioning of LTE Network Helsinki University of Technology

[7] LTE RF Optimization Guide v1.0 HUAWEI

[8] LTE Signaling, Troubleshooting and Optimization, First Edition - Ralf Kreher and
Karsten Gaenger.

[9]LTE Transmission Modes andBeamforming (Whitepaper) Rohde&Schwarz

[10] Validating LTE-A UEs: The IncreasingImportance of Data Throughput Performance

Keysight Technology

[11] LTE-Advanced CarrierAggregation Optimization Nokia Network

[12] 3GPP Technical Specification 24.301, Non-Access-Stratum (NAS) protocol for

Evolved Packet System (EPS); Stage 3 (Release 8), www.3gpp.org.

[13] 3GPP Technical Specification 33.401, System Architecture Evolution (SAE):

Security Architecture (Release 8) , www.3gpp.org.

[14] 3GPP Technical Specification 23.402, Architecture enhancements for non-3GPP

accesses (Release 8), www.3gpp.org.

[15] 3GPP Technical Specification 29.060, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS);
GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP) across the Gn and Gp interface (Release 8),
www.3gpp.org.
[16] 3GPP Technical Specification 23.203, Policy and charging control architecture
(Release 8), www.3gpp.org.

[17] 3GPP Technical Specification 36.300, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
(E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN);
Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8), www.3gpp.org.

[18] Request for Comments 4960, The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), Network
Working Group, Stream Control Transmission Protocol, http://www.ietf.org.

[19] S. Sesia, I. Toufik, M. Baker (eds), LTE The UMTS Long Term Evolution: From
Theory toPractice, Wiley, 2009

[20] S. Sesia. I. Toufik, M. Baker, LTE The UMTS Long Term Evolution: A Pocket
Dictionary of Acronyms, Wiley, 2009, www.wiley.com/go/sesia_theumts.

[21] 3GPP, Continuous connectivity for packet data users, 3GPP TR25.903 V7.0.0,
March 2007.

[22] 3GPP, Technical Specifi cation 24.008 Mobile radio interface Layer 3 specifi
cation; Core network protocols, V.8.3.0.

[23] 3GPP, Further discussion on delay enhancements in Rel7, 3GPP R2-061189,

August 2006.

[24] 3GPP, 64QAM for HSDPA, 3GPP R1-063335, November 2006.

[25] 3GPP, Technical Specifi cations 25.104 Base Station (BS) radio transmission and
reception (FDD), V.8.3.0.

[26] 3GPP, Technical Report 25.820 3G Home NodeB Study Item Technical Report,
V.8.1.1.

[27] LTE for UMTS: OFDMA and SC-FDMA Based Radio Access Edited by Harri
Holma and Antti Toskala 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-470-99401-6