24/08/2016 OceanEngineering15512028:Artikel11PipaBawahLaut

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OceanEngineering15512028
Minggu,07Februari2016 TentangBlog
DefzaHuristu
Artikel11PipaBawahLaut 15512028

SUBSEATIEINMETHODS KL4220PipaBawahLaut

Dosen:Prof.Ir.RickyLukmanTawekal,
MSE,PhD/EkoCharniusIlman,ST,MT
Unlikeonshoretieins,itisdifficulttomakesubseatieinsintermsofmaterialhandling,pipecutting,welding,
etc. Subsea tiein is typically made by diverassisted flange connectors for shallow water pipelines and
http://www.ocean.itb.ac.id/
diverlessremotelyoperatedvehicle(ROV)connectorsfordeepwaterpipelines.
Therearethreetypesofconnectorsavailable:flange,clamp(Grayloktype),andcolletconnectors.Clampor
colletconnectorismorefavorableovertheflangeconnectorduetoROVoperability,offshoreconnectiontime, TentangPenulis
andavailabletieintoolsfromcontractors.Flangeconnectorisindustryproventechnologyandcanbeeasily
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procuredfromvendorsshelf.However,duetolengthysubseaconnectiontime,unfriendlyROVoperation,and
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limited availability of connection tools/systems, the flange connector is not recommended for deepwater
application. Lihatprofillengkapku
Clamp connector is compact and widely used for deepwater tieins. A single bolt with hinge system clamp
connector is preferable for the diverless ROV connection. The seal ring between two hubs provides very
securemechanicalsealingastheinternalpressureisenergized.
Colletconnectorismoreexpensiveandcomplicatedthananyotherconnectors.Hydraulicpressureisusedto
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close the fingers of collets and set the drive ring which locks the collets. There are two types of collet
connectorsintegralandnonintegral. 2016(30)
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Anintegralcolletconnectorhasaselfcontainedactuatorandismuchlargerandmoreexpensive
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thananonintegralcolletconnector.
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Anonintegralcolletconnectorrequiresanexternal,reusableactuatorthatisdeployedand
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retrievedbyarunningtool.Nonintegralcolletconnectorismorecompactthanintegralcollet BawahLaut
connectorandeconomicalwhenmorethanthreecolletconnectorsarerequired(ifonlyone
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runningtoolisrequired). BawahLaut
Figures1and2showeachconnectorcomponentsandcolletconnectorassemblysequence,respectively. Artikel27Pipa
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Figure1.ConnectorTypes Artikel12Pipa
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Figure2.ColletConnectorAssemblySequence

Table1showseachconnectortypesadvantages,disadvantages,andavailablevendors.

Table1ProsandConsofEachConnector

Generally, three diverless subsea pipeline connection methods have been used in the offshore industry.
Thesemethodsare:
PullinConnection
VerticalorHorizontalJumperConnection
StabandHingeover(S&HO)Connection
The pullin connection is a costeffective method for both 1st end and 2nd end connections. However, this
method is known to take more offshore time than jumper connection due to subsea pullin operation. Both
verticalandhorizontaljumperconnectionshavebeenwidelyusedfor2ndendconnection.Theverticaljumper
connection is more attractive than the horizontal jumper connection because of easy installation and
competitive hardware tool cost. However, the abrupt vertical elevation difference by the vertical bends may
cause a hydrate formation (slug). The disadvantages of the horizontal jumper are difficulty in adjusting
misalignment and possible residual tension on the pipe due to horizontal stroking. The stab and hingeover
connectionisidealfor1stendconnectionbecauseofeasyandsimpleinstallationwithoutanyotherpipelay
initiationsupport.Thematerialandfabricationcostmaybehigherbutitsoffshoreinstallationtimeislessthan
thejumperconnection.

Figures3through6illustrateeachtieinmethod.

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Figure3.PullinConnectionMethod(byAkerKvaener)

Figure4VerticalJumperConnectionMethod(byFMC(top)andAkerKvaner(bottom))

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Figure5HorizontalJumperConnectionMethod

Figure6StabandHingeoverConnectionMethod(byOSI)

Table2summarizestheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeachtieinsystem.

Table2ProsandConsofEachConnectionMethod

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24/08/2016 OceanEngineering15512028:Artikel11PipaBawahLaut

Tomakedeepwaterconnections,severaltoolsandsystemsarerequiredinadditiontoconnectors.Followings
aretypicaltieintoolsrequiredfordeepwaterdiverlesstieins:
ROV
ROVrunningtool,sealreplacementtool,actuator,etc.
Pullinskidwithwinch(forpullinconnection)
Alignmentfunnel&sleeve(forjumperconnection)
ROVcontrolpanel(forColletconnector)
Stabpinunit&receptaclebase(forstab&hingeover)
Manyconnectormanufacturersandinstallationcontractorsoffertheirconnectiontoolsandsystems.Thetiein
systemsavailableforpullinconnectioninclude:
DMaC(DiverlessMaintainedCluster)bySubseaOffshore
UTIS(UniversalTieinSystem)andROVCON(ROVConnection)byFMC
DFCS(DiverlessFlowlineConnectionSystem)bySonsub
McPAC(McEvoyPullinAndConnection)byCameron
ICARUSbyABB
RTS(RemoteTieinSystem)andBBRTS(BigBrotherRTS)byAkerKvaener
FlexconnectIIbyTechnip,andmanyothers
Allsystemsabovecanmakeconnectionsusingeitherclamporcolletconnectors,except
McPACandICARUSwhichonlycanuseclampconnectors.

Figure7showsthepullinconnectionsystemsofferedbyindustry.

Figure7PullinConnectionSystems

ThereexistmanytieinsystemsavailableforjumperconnectionandS&HOconnectionaslistedbelow.

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BRUTUSbySonsubforhorizontaljumperconnection
VCS(VerticalConnectionSystem)andGHO(GuideandHingeover)systembyAkerKvaener
STABCON(StabandConnect)connectionsystembyFMCforhorizontaljumperconnection
S&HOsystembyOSI,andmanyothers

Source:
Lee,Jaeyoung.2007.IntroductiontoOffshorePipelineandRisers.

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