15 July 2012

HISTORY & SIGNIFICANCE OF STREET LIGHTING

email: solarstore2008@gmail.com

1. The earliest lamps were used by Greek and Roman civilizations, where light primarily
served the purpose of security, both to protect the wanderer from tripping over
something on the path as well as keeping the potential robbers at bay. At that time oil
lamps were used predominantly as they provided a long-lasting and moderate flame. The
Romans had a word 'laternarius', which was a term for a slave responsible for lighting up
the oil lamps in front of their villas. Herodotus (484-425 BC) documented the use of
asbestos for lamp wicks in the early Greek Civilization.
2. Before incandescent lamps, candle lighting was employed in cities. The earliest lamps
required that a lamplighter tour the town at dusk, lighting each of the lamps, but later
designs employed ignition devices that would automatically strike the flame when the gas
supply was activated. The earliest of such street lamps were built in the Arab Empire,
especially in Crdoba, Spain (around 1000 AD) which also had the first facilities and waste
containers for litter collection. At a time when you could walk through Cordoba's streets
for ten miles in one direction at night and always have the light of lamps to guide your
way, the rest of Europe had not even have established cities in the sense that we know them
today. Seven hundred years after the streets of Cordoba were lit, street lighting would still
be an innovation in London and Paris.
3. An organized effort at street lighting existed in Antioch (in present day Turkey) as early as
the fourth century A.D. But no further effort was made to do so by a municipality until the
Middle Ages. Colonial times and the Industrial Revolution brought forth rapid expansion of
the technology needed.
4. The oldest system of street lighting in the world was established in Venice, Italy during
the 12th century. The Doge declared the lighting of the streets necessary due to the
rash of robberies and murders which were easily carried out in the dark and twisting
alleyways of the city.
5. In 1417, the Lord Mayor of London ordered all citizens to hang a lantern from their
buildings at the owner's cost. It was an unpopular decree, but nonetheless continued
on for three centuries.
6. The city of Boston is credited with being the first American city to light its streets, utilizing
one lantern for the purpose in 1719, according to the book "Early American Architecture."
Benjamin Franklin led an initiative to light Philadelphia thoroughfares around 1757,
while the largest municipal installation to date--310 lights that burned whale oil--
occurred in Boston in 1773. Gas streetlights made their presence known in Europe in the
first decade of the 19th century, with Baltimore the first American city to deploy gas
illumination in 1816.

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 7. The first electric street lighting employed arc lamps, initially the 'Electric candle',
'Jablotchkoff candle' or 'Yablochkov candle' developed by the Russian Pavel
Yablochkov in 1875.
8. When William Grylls Adams and his student, Richard Evans Day, in 1876 discovered
that an electrical current could be started in selenium solely by exposing it to light,
they felt confident that they had discovered something completely new. Werner von
Siemens, a contemporary whose reputation in the field of electricity ranked him alongside
Thomas Edison, called the discovery "scientifically of the most far-reaching importance.
9. A one-watt cell cost almost $300 per watt in 1956 while a commercial power plant cost
50 cents a watt to build at that time. In early 1970s when Dr. Elliot Berman, with financial
help from Exxon Corporation, designed a significantly less costly solar cell by using a
poorer grade of silicon and packaging the cells with cheaper materials. Bringing the price
down from $100 a watt to $20 per watt, solar cells could now compete in situations where
people needed electricity distant from power lines. In 2012, one watt solar cell costs less
than $2.
10. Photovoltaic-powered LED luminaires are gaining wider acceptance. Preliminary field tests
show that some LED luminaires are energy-efficient and perform well in testing
environments. In 2007, the Civil Twilight Collective created a variant of the
conventional LED streetlight, namely the Lunar-resonant streetlight. These lights
increase or decrease the intensity of the streetlight according to the lunar light. This
streetlight design thus reduces energy consumption as well as light pollution.
Major advantages of street lighting includes: prevention of accidents and increase in safety.
Studies have shown that darkness results in a large number of crashes and fatalities, especially
those involving pedestrians; pedestrian fatalities are 3 to 6.75 times more likely in the dark
than in daylight. Street lighting has been found to reduce pedestrian crashes by
approximately 50%. Furthermore, lighted intersections and highway interchanges tend to have
fewer crashes than unlighted intersections and interchanges. Towns, cities, and villages use the
unique locations provided by light poles to hang decorative or commemorative banners. Many
communities in the U.S. use light poles as a tool for fund raising via light pole banner sponsorship
programs first designed by a U.S. based light pole banner manufacturer.
The Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute reports the accepted figures on the reduction of vehicle
crashes place street lighting as reducing crashes by around 30 percent. The Safe Routes Info
website explains street lighting is also responsible for increasing the personal safety of people
walking along a roadway. Not only does lighting improve safety from vehicles, but it can increase
the security of buildings such as schools and commercial buildings. According to the ICLEI
website, street lighting is often seen as a deterrent to crime by increasing surveillance. Research in
the U.S. and the U.K. reports street lighting is a more effective deterrent than security
cameras in reducing crime in city centers.

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 VIDEO LINKS
This page has the video links to some of the products on offer from SOLAR STORE, Lucknow,
India.
1) SOLAR STREET LAMP WITH MOTION SENSOR -
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VAwYf171828
It shows what the actual solar street lamp looks like and has a brief description.
2) SOLAR STREET LAMP
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KBTxsLN6F1Q
A basic model of a street lamp for night lighting has been presented above.
3) SELF CLEANING SOLAR PANEL
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvESilah48I
Video shows basic prototype of a self cleaning solar panel to keep panels free from dust.
4) SOLAR PANEL TRACKER
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=POnX30EyJqQ
Video describes the dual axis solar panel trackers on offer to enhance energy production.
5) Experiment comparing LED lamps Versus Fluorescent lamps
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzqGgCaqsLU
Video compares light and power output performance of LED and fluorescent lamps.
6) BATTERY OPERATED AIR COOLER
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yz6pPHyId9g
Video describes a low cost, solar powered air cooling machine for human beings.
7) BATTERY OPERATED WATER PUMP
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m-Qo35y4GPQ
Battery operated pump for domestic and agricultural application demo.

8) NATIONAL TELEVISION TV INTERVIEW

In July 2009, Mr. Yogi Tripathi presented his village movie unit chain business plan on
CNBC TV18 in the programme Enterprise Inc. The 30 minute video explains the
significance of the concept. The TV interview can be seen here
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7Zu15OMKQA&feature=channel - Part 1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U996xT_S8YY&feature=channel - Part 2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DeiRJMxhAXs&feature=channel - Part 3

SHOP: http://stores.ebay.in/cineprojectors
email : solarstore2008@gmail.com , yogitripathi@gmail.com

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 Date: 24 February 2012

SOLAR STORE PRODUCT LIST

S.No Picture Description Cost
Solar Torch Radio & Mobile Charger
1. AM/ FM Radio, Hand Charging facility Rs 2,499.00
Solar Mobile / AA battery charger
2. Mobile Charger, FM radio, LED light Rs 2,499.00
AA NiMh battery life 1000 cycles
3. Solar Cooker with electric back up Rs 5,999.00
Cooks for 4-6 people in 2-3 hours
4. Single Person Air Cooler 25W panel + Rs 9,999.00
battery +Controller + Cooler + Stand
Solar Water Heater with electric back up
5. - 100 liters 4 people - 20 year life Rs 14,999.00

Solar Street Lamp with motion sensor

6. Glow on low power normally & switch to Rs 19,999.00
high power mode on sensing motion
300W Solar System can charge big 12V,
7. 150 Ah inverter battery in 1 day Rs 49,999.00

Solar Assisted Air Conditioner - use 30% Rs 64,999.00

8. less electricity in both winter & summer ( 1 Ton Split)

9. Cargo Cart 400 kgs, 80 kms on battery Rs 1.2 lakhs

10. Electric AutoRickshaw 5 seater, 100 kms Rs 3.5 lakhs

11. 15 Seater electric mini bus 100 kms Rs 25 lakhs

running cost Rs 2 / km Long Life
12. Solar Mobile Home with office, kitchen,
toilet & bedroom. 800 kms on fuel cells. Rs 2 crocre

Contact: RK Electronics, 303 Sadar Bazaar, Lucknow Cantt 226002

P: 0522-2961432, M: 933-510-5401; email solarstore2008@gmail.com

BE KIND TO MOTHER EARTH - A LITTLE

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 Date: 20 December 2011

This cooler has been designed to cool human beings in hot and dry climates. It has
an amazingly low power consumption at around 18W which allows it to be powered
with batteries charged using solar panels or using an AC DC adapter. Other room
air coolers available in the market use around 10 times more power at 180W -
230W. Air conditioners use 100 times more power at around 2000W. Other air
coolers cost Rs 5 every 4 hours while this cooler costs Rs 5 every 50 hours of
operation (assuming 1 KWh costs Rs 5).

It could be used in the middle of a desert or in areas with no or poor electricity

supply wherever there is some sunlight. It could even be used in cities to save
energy. It is perhaps the cheapest, independent and most environment friendly
cooling solution. Why cool the entire room when cooling is just needed for just 1
human being? Since this is powered using batteries there are no chances of
electric shock. If you already have an inverter battery system this cooler can easily
be powered for a very long time by simply hooking it to the 12V battery and without
using the inverter. The other coolers are supposed to be room coolers while this is
supposed to be a person cooler.

This sale includes -

1) 9 inch air cooler - powder coated sheet metal body - 62 cms x 44 cms x 44 cms
2) Cooler stand
3) AC adaptor to power from normal 110-220V AC supply
4) 25W Solar Panel
5) 12V 5A charge controller
6) 12V 7Ah battery

Cost: Rs 10,000 (with Rs 4,000 more the same system could be used for lighting
4W LED / CFL lamp, mobile charging any mobile & playing radio AM / FM / SW).

Finance available at 0% for 6 EMIs using ICICI / HDFC credit cards.

P: +91-522-2961432, +91-933-591-8221, email: solarstore2008@gmail.com

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 Date: 24 February 2012

2 KW SOLAR POWERED HOME & CAR

This system has been designed to meet the basic electricity requirements of an
average city home & energy needs of car for some 30 kms using solar energy. It
would allow clean energy for the home and clean air on the roads.
System components
1. 2000 W of solar panels : Convert sunlight into electricity Rs 2 lakhs
2. 2 KW MPPT Grid Tie Solar Inverter Simultaneous power from sun, battery
& grid Rs 75,000. Allows min. battery usage.
3. Lead Acid battery bank 12V, 100 Ah x 4 Rs 25,000.
4. Installation, Wiring, Battery Equalizers & Desulphators Rs 25,000.
5. Electric Car 4 seater, 4.8 KW DC Motor, battery bank 9.6Kwh, Range 100
Kms (trailer can extend range to 300 kms) Rs 3 lakhs.
You can also convert an old car into a battery powered car.
Total Cost: Rs 6.25 lakhs.
Finance
1. Home loan available at 8% pa.
2. Govt. subsidy of Rs 1.5 lakhs possible. Net cost Rs 4.75 lakhs.
3. Saves petrol worth Rs 4,200 (@ Rs 70 / liter; Rs 2/km) every month.
4. Electricity bill of Rs 1,200.00 reduces to almost 0.
5. Depreciation benefit in Income tax returns worth Rs 10,000.
6. Sell carbon credits to the other industries worth Rs 5,000 per year.
7. Can export surplus electricity back to the grid earning an income.
8. Car battery can serve as generator / inverter during power failure.
Environmental benefits
1. Equivalent to planting 290 trees over a 35 year life.
2. Reduces release of 4000 Kgs of carbon dioxide per year.
3. Saves 10,000 liters of water every year at a thermal power plant.
CONTACT: RK Electronics, 303 Sadar Bazaar Lucknow Cant 226002
P: 0522-2961432, M: 933-510-5401, email: solarstore2008@gmail.com
BE KIND TO MOTHER EARTH ---- A LITTLE
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 Date: 20 December 2011

SOLAR FUEL CELL CARAVAN

This is a caravan, a moving home, especially designed for 3 people. Its space includes
toilet, kitchen and bedroom. All air conditioned & movable. The home can go for 800 kms
on 1 charge using ethanol fuel cells, batteries and solar panels without burning oil or gas.
Cost of travel of 800 kms using ethanol will just be around $300 (assuming 1 liter of
ethanol costs US $ 0.5). Especially designed 3 phase chargers can then charge 90% of
the battery energy in 15 minutes. Can travel at speeds up to 70 km / hour. Could be used
by old couples who would like to retire & go on long drives. Could also be used for road
shows, advertisements or as moving office. This platform could be also be used for long
distance trucks / buses though load carrying capacity is limited to 1000 kgs. This is the
ultimate in terms of what clean energy technology has to offer.
SPECIFICATIONS -

1. Battery bank - 54 Kwh LiFePO4 - The lightest and the most advance battery
technology available today....gives 3000 charge discharge cycles, is environment
friendly and does not explode or catch fire when crushed
2. AC Motor - 3 Phase, 48V AC Induction motor, 20 KW
3. Fuel cells 5 KW x 4 use ethanol to generate electricity
4. Solar Panels - 1500 W
5. Weight - 2000 kgs

P: 0522-2961432, 933-591-8221, email: solarstore2008@gmail.com

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Newspaper article in Hindustan Times, Lucknow, India about SOLAR
STORE on 19 January 2012