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Control valve
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A control valve is a valve used to control uid ow by varying the size of the ow passage as directed by a
signal from a controller.[1] This enables the direct control of ow rate and the consequen!al control of
process quan!!es such as pressure, temperature, and liquid level.
Contents
1 Opera!on
2 Control ac!on
3 Valve posi!oners
4 Types of control valve bodies
4.1 List of common types of control valve
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Opera on
The opening or closing of automa!c control valves is usually done
by electrical, hydraulic or pneuma!c actuators. Normally with a
modula!ng valve, which can be set to any posi!on between fully
open and fully closed, valve posi!oners are used to ensure the
valve a5ains the desired degree of opening.
An automa!c control valve consists of three main parts in which each part exist in several types and
designs:
Valve actuator - which moves the valve's modula!ng element, such as ball or bu5ery.
Valve posi!oner - Which ensures the valve has reached the desired degree of opening. This
overcomes the problems of fric!on and wear.
Valve body - in which the modula!ng element, a plug, globe, ball or bu5ery, is contained.
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Control valve - Wikipedia h5ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_valve
Control ac on
Taking the example of an air-operated valve, there are two control
ac!ons possible:
Air or control signal failure to close" - On failure of Showing the evolu!on of analogue
compressed air to the actuator, the valve closes under spring control loop signalling from the
pressure or by backup power. pneuma!c era to the electronic era.
Air or control signal failure to open" - On failure of
compressed air to actuator, the valve opens under spring
pressure or by backup power.
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Control valve - Wikipedia h5ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_valve
The most common and versa!le types of control valves are sliding-stem globe, V-notch ball, bu5ery and
angle types. Their popularity derives from rugged construc!on and the many op!ons available that make
them suitable for a variety of process applica!ons.[2] Control valve bodies may be categorized as below:[3]
Sliding Stem
Angle seat piston valve
Globe valve
Rotary
Bu5ery valve
Ball valve
Other
pinch valve
Diaphragm Valve
See also
Control engineering Instrumenta!on engineering
Control system Pneuma!c ow control
Distributed control system PID controller
Fieldbus Founda!on Process control
Flow control valve PROFIBUS
HART Protocol SCADA supervisory control system
Instrumenta!on
References
1. Instrument Society of America Standard S561.1, 1976. as reproduced in the "Fisher control valve
handbook" fourth edi!on 1977.
2. Hagen, S. (2003) "Control valve technology" Plant Services (h5p://www.plantservices.com/ar!cles
/2003/124.html)
3. Fisher Controls Interna!onal (h5p://www.documenta!on.emersonprocess.com/groups/public
/documents/book/cvh99.pdf) Emerson Process Management website.
External links
Control valve tutorials (h5p://www.spiraxsarco.com/resources/steam-engineering-tutorials/control-
hardware-el-pn-actua!on.asp) Tutorials covering the sizing, capacity and characteris!cs of control
valves. Actuators, posi!oners, controllers and sensors are also discussed - Spirax Sarco
Control Valve Handbook (4th Edi!on) (h5p://www.documenta!on.emersonprocess.com/groups
/public/documents/book/cvh99.pdf) A 297-page online book.
Process Instrumenta!on (Lecture 8): Control valves (h5p://www.unisanet.unisa.edu.au/Informa!on
/100048info/IL8.doc) Ar!cle from a University of South Australia website.
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Control valve - Wikipedia h5ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_valve
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