temperature cause dimensional changes in a body: An increase in temperature results in expansion, whereas a temperature decrease produces contraction. This deformation is isotropic (the same in every direction) and proportional to the temperature change. Thermal Stress If thermal deformation is permitted to occur freely (by using expansion joints or roller supports, for example), no internal forces will be induced in the bodythere will be strain, but no stress. In cases where the deformation of a body is restricted, either totally or partially, internal forces will develop that oppose the thermal expansion or contraction. The stresses caused by these internal forces are known as thermal stresses. Problem 1 The bronze bar 3 m long with a cross- sectional area of 350 sq. mm is placed between two rigid walls. At a temperature of -20 C, there is a gap = 2.2 mm, as shown in the figure. Find the temperature at which the compressive stress in the bar will be 30 MPa. Use = 18.0E-6/ C and E = 80 GPa. Problem 1 The bronze bar 3 m long with a cross- sectional area of 350 sq. mm is placed between two rigid walls. At a temperature of -20 C, there is a gap = 2.2 mm, as shown in the figure. Find the temperature at which the compressive stress in the bar will be 30 MPa. Use = 18.0E-6/ C and E = 80 GPa. Problem 1 Problem 2 Calculate the increase in stress in each segment of the compound bar if the temperature is increased by 80 F. Assume that the supports are unyielding and use the following data: Problem 2 Problem 3 The rigid, horizontal slab is attached to two identical copper rods. There is a gap = 0.18 mm between the middle bar, which is made of aluminum, and the slab. Neglecting the mass of the slab, calculate the stress in each rod when the temperature in the assembly is increased by 85 C. Use the following data: Problem 3 Problem 4
The composite bar is firmly attached to
unyielding supports. The bar is stress-free at 60 F. Use = 6.5E-6/ F for steel and = 12.8E10-6/ F for aluminum. At what temperature will the aluminum and steel segments have stresses of equal magnitude after the 50kip force is applied? Problem 4 Problem 5 The rigid bar of negligible weight is supported as shown in the figure. If W = 80 kN, compute the temperature change of the assembly that will cause a tensile stress of 50 MPa in the steel rod. Use the following data: Problem 5