Timmy Ma

Period 6
9/21/15
Diffusion and Osmosis Lab
Part A

Table 1.1
Initial Solution Color Presence of Glucose
Contents Initial Final Initial Final

Bag 15% glucose dark

& 1% starch beige blue Present Present
orange/ orange/ Not
Beaker
H2O + IKI tan tan present Present

1. The substances entering the bag are Water, and IKI. The substances leaving the bag are Glucose,
and Water. Starch does not leave the bag for it is a very large, polysaccharide. You can tell starch
does not leave, because IKI is outside the bag and when starch reacts with IKI the color turns
blue/black. You can tell that IKI has entered the bag because it reacted with the starch inside the
bag and turned the inside of the bag into a blue/black solution. You can tell that glucose leaves
the bag because when the test strip was used outside the bag, it tested positive for glucose.
2. The results of the experiment showed us which substances diffused through the membrane and
which did not. Some were small substances and moved in and out of the bag quickly and easily.
The larger substances, like starch and glucose, were slow or didnt enter or leave the bag at all.
3. The mass of the dialysis bag could be recorded before and after being put into the
solution. But other than this, we modified this experiment using percentages.

4. Water molecules, IKI molecules, glucose molecules, membrane pores, starch molecules.
5. The IKI would have left the bag and changed the color of the solution in the beaker. The glucose
and IKI solution inside the bag would have a net direction of moving outside of the bag and into
the beaker. The water would still have a net direction of moving into the bag because water
always moves from a higher concentration to a lower concentration, and the starch would still
not be able to diffuse through the bag because the pore size of the membrane is too small.
Part B

Table 1.2: % Change in Mass of Dialysis Bags

Initial Percent
Contents in Mass Final Mass Change in Class
dialysis bag (g) Mass (g) Difference Mass Average
0.0 M distilled water 18.18 18.12 -0.06 -0.33% 0.95%
0.2 M sucrose 10.23 10.67 0.44 4.30% 3.52%
0.4 M sucrose 12.27 12.98 0.71 5.79% 8.02%
0.6 M sucrose 12.65 13.86 1.21 9.57% 10.71%
0.8 M sucrose 12.72 13.96 1.24 9.75% 12.17%
1.0 M sucrose 13.08 14.71 1.63 12.46% 15.50%
Percent Change in Mass of Dialysis Bag

Sucrose Concentration

1. They are directly proportional. The relationship between the change in mass and the molarities of
sucrose within the dialysis bags: the higher the concentration of sucrose in the bag, the higher the
change of mass in the bag will be.
2. If all the bags were placed into a 0.4 M sucrose solution instead of distilled water, there will be
no net movement when 0.4 M is in the dialysis bag. When the concentration is above 0.4, the bag
will lose water. When the concentration is below 0.4, the bag will gain water.

3. The percent change in mass was calculated instead of simply using the change in mass because
the initial mass of each bag was not exactly the same, not everyones mass could be compared as
easily. When converted to a percentage, the data is standardized and easy to compare.
 4. Percent Change of Mass = 18g 20g x 100
20g
Percent Change = -10%
5. The sucrose solution in the beaker would have been hypertonic to the distilled water in the bag.
Part 1C

Table 1.4: % Change in Mass of Potato Cores

Class
Percent Average %
Contents in Initial Final Mass Change in Change in
Beaker Mass (g) Mass(g) Difference Mass Mass
0.0 M distilled water 1.72 2.113 0.393 22.85% 16.65%
0.2 M sucrose 3.32 3.609 0.289 8.70% 8.15%
0.4 M sucrose 2.47 2.163 -0.307 -12.43% -12.67%
0.6 M sucrose 3.14 2.666 -0.474 -15.10% -18.55%
0.8 M sucrose 3.87 3.355 -0.515 -13.31% -26.19%
1.0 M sucrose 1.88 1.604 -0.276 -14.68% -16.43%

Graph 1.2: % Change in Mass of Potato Cores at Different Molarities of Sucrose

Percent Change in Mass of Potato Cores

Sucrose Concentration (M)

The concentration of sucrose in the potato is approximately 0.3 M based on the data.
Part 1D

The solute potential of this sucrose solution:

X = -(1)(0.3 mole/liter)(0.0831 liter bars /mole K)(295 K) = -7.35

Water potential:
=0+ s
=0+(-7.35)
= -7.35

1. The water potential of the cells will decrease, the osmotic potential will decrease, and the solute
will increase. This occurs because the cells have become dehydrated and lose water when in the
open air.
2. The cell is hypertonic to its environment because it has a lower water potential so it will gain
water. The cell has less water than the surrounding environment, water always moves from an
area of higher water potential to an area of lower water potential.

3. The pressure potential is zero.

4. The greatest water potential is in the dialysis bag.

5. Water will diffuse out of the bag because of the higher water potential inside the bag.

6. No question

7. A: Graph 1.3: % Change in Mass of Zucchini Cores in Sucrose Solutions of Different Molarities

%
Change in
Mass of
Zucchini
Cores

Sucrose Molarity (M)

 )

7B: The molar concentration of solutes within the zucchini cells: approximately 0.36 M

8. A. s = -iCRT
s = -(1)x(0.36)x(0.0831)x(295)
s = -8.83

B. Water potential:
=0+ s
=0 + (-8.83)
= -8.83

9. Adding more solute will increase the solute potential and decrease water potential by making it
more negative.

10. A. Distilled H20

B. Distilled H20

C. The red blood cells would pull in water because it has a lower water potential.

Part 1E
Describe what you see: The plasma membrane shriveled from the cell wall, causing plasmolysis.
1. Plasmolysis is the shrinking of the cytoplasm of a plant cell in response to diffusion of water out
or the cell and into a hypertonic solution surrounding the cell.

2. The environment became hypertonic to the cell and the water left the cell running with its
concentration gradient because of the salt. With all the water leaving the cell, it shrank, leaving
behind its cell wall.

3. The salt causes the plant cells to plasmolyze.