TERMS OFREFERENCE (ToR)

WATER ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY

AND
AQUATIC LIFE STATUS
OF
BAGMATI RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES

October2016
1. Introduction
Asian Development Bank has provided assistance to Government of Nepal for implementing Bagmati River Basin
Improvement Project (BRBIP). Water and Energy Commission Secretariat(WECS) has contracted Japan Water
Agency (JWA) andYachiyoEngineering Co. Ltd (YEC) in association with Total Management Services (TMS)
(hereafter referred to as the Client) to provide consulting service for Conception and Installation of Bagmati River
Basin DecisionSupport System, Flood Forecasting and Early Warning System,Water Quality Monitoring System and
Preparation of BagmatiRiver Basin Integrated Master Plan. There is a need to conduct Water Environmental
Survey and prepare the Aquatic Life Statusof Bagmati River and its tributaries.ThisTermsofReference(ToR)is
foraconsultingfirm (hereafter referred to as the Consultant)toprepareWater Environmental Survey and Aquatic
Life Statusof Bagmati River and its tributariesasasupportingactivityfor Water Quality Monitoring System.

2. Rationale
The Bagmati River is an important river of Nepal. It originates in Shivapuri hills north of Kathmandu valley and
drains down south to Nepal. The river is about 200 km in length and drains an area of about 3500 km2 in Nepal.
The rapid increase of population has made the Bagmati River and its tributaries excessively polluted. In spite of its
preciousness, the haphazard urbanization and rapid growth of population in Kathmandu city from 1980s results in
dumping solid waste in the rivers, direct discharge of industrial effluents and domestic sewage, and the rivers are
highly polluted. The middle reaches of the Bagmati River is not densely populated area. In the lower reaches of the
BagmatiRiver irrigation water demand is high, so irrigation water resources development is also a focal issue in a
lower reachminimizing water quality pollution.

DHM was conducting water quality monitoring, but due to premise renovation works, monitoring is being suspended.
In Kathmandu valley the HPCDIBC has started monitoring water quality in the upper Bagmati river and its tributaries
and taking sample also of the influent and effluent from Guheswori waste water treatment plant. The water sample
taken by the DHM and HPCIDBC so far is inadequate to understand effluent quality from different sources which is
needed for water quality modeling to be used in DSS. There is need to collect up to date available information about
water quality in the Bagmati River Basin and to substantiate the available water quality data, collect fresh in-situ
water sample to analyze few parameters along with discharge measurement of effluents of various sources like
domestic, industrial and non-point sources. To meet this requirement this Water Environmental Survey and Aquatic
Life Statusof Bagmati River and its tributaries is proposed to be carried out covering the entire Bagmati River Basin.

3. Objective
The main objective of this survey isto collect and analyze distribution of pollutant load and aquatic life of Bagmati
River Basin from collecting information as well as by carrying out field survey. The result of survey shall be inputto
Decision Support System (DSS) to manage water quality monitoring system.

4. Scope ofWork
The overall scope of work is to carry out Water Environmental Survey and to prepare the Aquatic Life Status
covering the entire Bagmati River Basin. Scope of work covers following activities:
-Collect and analyze information and data to evaluate pollutant load that is discharged into Bagmati River Basin
and analyze samples taken as Water Environmental Survey.
- Collect and analyze information and data to evaluate the status of aquatic life of Bagmati River Basin alongwith
observation of aquatic life at sampling points as Aquatic Life Status.
Survey area covers the entire Bagmati River. The basin will be divided into several reaches. Survey result shall be
compiled by 3 reaches (upper, middle and lower) of Bagmati River Basin.
 Terms of Reference of Environmental Survey and Aquatic Life Status of Bagmati River and its tributaries

Figure-1 LocationMap of Bagmati River System

Main Tasks
5.1 Survey method
a) Conduct reconnaissance survey to know what amount of secondary data and information are available and then
determine the primary data and information that needs to be surveyed for Water Environmental Survey.However for
the Status of Aquatic Life,recent data and information based on secondary sources shall be used, and observations
shall be made during water sampling of rivers/tributaries.
b) Collect and analyze the existing dataand informationavailable as secondary sourcesfromthe CentralGovernment,
local governments, public institutes, universities and the other organizations. Inconnection with this, the data and
information of HPCIDBC (High Powered Committee for Integrated Development of Bagmati Civilization) shall be
collected.
c) Plan Water Environmental Survey and generate primary data and information. Three types of pollutant load shall
be considered and methods namely water sampling andanalysis, discharge measurement and note of observations
made on the state of aquatic life for as shown in Table-1.
Table-1. Content of Survey
Type of pollutant load (see Figure-2) Method of Survey (for all 3 types of
pollutant loads)
1) Domestic pollutant load River water sampling and analysis
2) Industrial pollutant load Discharge measurement
3) Non-point pollutant load Observation of aquatic life

d)Record GPS coordinates of the water sampling points and take discharge measurements.
e) Estimate the pollutant load using the secondary data and information collected and primary data and information
surveyed from point sources and non-point sourcesas shown inTable-2.

(2)
 Table-2.Estimate of Pollutant Load

Type of pollutant load (see Figure-2) Method of analysis

1) Domestic pollutant load Using the secondary data and information collected and
2) Industrial pollutant load primary data and information surveyed from point sources
3) Non-point pollutant load and non-point sources
4) Commercial pollutant load
Using the secondary data and information collected
5) Livestock pollutant load
f) Entire result of the survey will becompiled byreaches of the Bagmati River Basin.

5.2 Items to be analyzed

Image of survey is shown in Figure-2. Survey consists of two part, i) Water Environmental Survey and ii)Aquatic Life
Status Survey.

Point sources Non-point sources Water Environmental Survey

Rice filed
Domestic Industrial Commercial Livestock
Cultivated and pasture land
pollutant load pollutant pollutant load pollutant
City
load load Woodland and forest land

Bagmati Basin
Pollutant load: SS, COD, BOD, TN and TP

Aquatic life

Aquatic Life Status Survey

Figure-2 Image of Survey

Water Environmental Survey

The current population data of the 3 reaches( upper, middle and lower) shallbe taken from the secondary sources
(e.g. the census reports of the Central Bureau of Statistics) taking municipalities and Village Development
Committees (VDCs) as the basic administrative units of the reaches. In addition to this, the population of the
reaches as per the target year of the Project shall be made (e.g. considering the national annual population growth
rate, urbanization rate).
Further, theConsultant shall conduct survey to generate primary data and information as required, besides
collecting secondary data and information.The consultant shall analyze the data and information for estimating the
domestic pollutant load, industrial pollutant load and non-point source pollutant load as below:
 Terms of Reference of Environmental Survey and Aquatic Life Status of Bagmati River and its tributaries

(1) Domestic pollutant load

Domestic pollutant load of SS (suspended solid), COD (chemical oxygen demand), BOD (biochemical oxygen
demand), T-N (Total nitrogen) and T-P (Total phosphorous) shall be estimated for the reaches.The Consultant shall
take sample and analyze the domestic pollutant load from the settlement areas. The discharge measurement shall
be made of effluents from the domestic sources using current meter or flume or other appropriate method. Domestic
pollutant load shall be surveyed as in the Table-3.
Table 3- Area and the survey activity for domestic pollutant load

SN Area for survey Survey activity Remarks

Water sampling and analysis Discharge measurement
1 Settlement around Water sampling (2 times: before Discharge measurement It is assumed
Sundarijal Bus Park 8am and between 1pm to 3 pm). shall be done 2 times that discharge
using appropriate measurement
method during water for all the survey
sampling. area shall be
taken using
bucket method.
However,
depending on
the case the
method may
change.
Settlement of Sunga, Water sampling (2 times: before 8 Discharge measurement
2
am and between 1pm to 3 pm). shall be done 2 times
Sano Thimi
using appropriate
method during water
sampling.
of Water sampling (2 times: before 8 Discharge measurement
3 Settlement
am and between 1pm to 3 pm). shall be done 2 times
Bhaisepati
using appropriate
method during water
sampling.
Water sampling (2 times: before 8 Discharge measurement
4 Settlement of Kiritipur
am and between 1pm to 3 pm). shall be done 2 times
using appropriate
method during water
sampling.
Water sampling (2 times: before 8 Discharge measurement
5 Settlement of
am and between 1pm to 3 pm). shall be done 2 times
Baniyatar
using appropriate
method during water
sampling.

(4)
Method of pollutant load estimation

Domestic pollutant load shall be estimated from population and unit domestic pollutant load (g/cap./day).
(2) Industrial pollutant load
Industrial pollutant load of SS, COD, BOD, T-N and T-P shall be estimated by reaches. The Consultant shall survey
the industrial pollution load from the industries. It is considered that most of the industrial pollution load shall
constitute pollution from food and beverage industries, garment and dying industries, leather industries, metal and
steel industries, paper and pulp industries, etc. The discharge measurement shall be made of the effluents from the
industrial sources. Industrial pollutant load shall be surveyed as in the Table-4.

Table 4- Area and the survey activity for industrial pollutant load

SN Area for Survey activity Remarks

survey
Water sampling and Discharge measurement
analysis
1 Jorpatiarea Water sampling (2 times: Discharge measurement It is assumed that discharge
between 11 am to 12 pm shall be done 2 times measurement for all the survey
and 3pm to 5pm). The using bucket method or area shall be taken using mainly
effluents are expected from flume during water flume method. However,
the nearby garment and sampling. depending on the case the
dying industries. method may change.
2 Bhaktapur Water sampling (2 times: Discharge measurement
Industrial between 11 am to 12 pm shall be done 2 times
Area and 3pm to 5pm). using flume during water
sampling.

3 Patan Water sampling (2 times: Discharge measurement

Industrial between 11 am to 12 pm shall be done 2 times
Area and 3pm to 5pm). using flume during water
sampling.

4 Balaju Water sampling (2 times: Discharge measurement

Industrial between 11 am to 12 pm shall be done 2 times
Area and 3pm to 5pm). using flume during water
sampling.

5 Garuda Water sampling (2 times: Discharge measurement

Sugar Mill between 11 am to 12 pm shall be done 2 times
and 3pm to 5pm). using flume or current
Garuda,
meter during water
Rautahat
sampling.
 Terms of Reference of Environmental Survey and Aquatic Life Status of Bagmati River and its tributaries

Method of pollutant load estimation

The Consultant shall estimate industrial effluent from industrial water, which shall be estimated from amount of
product shipment by each industry. For example, unit of pollutant load shall be finally estimated like g/day/products
shipment of US$10,000
(3) Non-point source pollutant load
Non-point pollutant load of SS, COD, BOD, T-N and T-P (kg/ha/km2), which will be finally discharged into rivers,
shall be estimated by reaches. The Consultant shall survey the non-point source pollutant load from the
streams/tributaries of the Bagmati River receiving run-offs from wood and forest land, rice field, cultivated and
pasture land, city area (residential, commercial, streets and roads, etc.) areas. The discharge measurement shall be
made of the non-point sources. Non-point source pollutant load shall be surveyed as in the Table-5.
Table 5- Area and the survey activity for non-point source pollutant load
SN Area for survey Survey activity Remarks
Water sampling and Discharge measurement
analysis
1 Bagmati Water sampling (2 Using data from station set by Water constitutes
BridgeSundarijal times: between 9am to BRBIP DSS Consultant. percolation and run-off
11am and between 2pm from forest and vegetated
to 4pm). area.
Water sampling (2
2 Gokarneshwor Discharge measurement shall be Water constitutes
times: between 9am to
done 2 times using flume or percolation and run-off
11am and between 2pm
current meter as per the situation from agriculture field and
to 4pm).
during water sampling. vegetated area.
Water sampling (2
3 Khokana Discharge measurement shall be Water constitutes
times: between 9am to
done 2 times using flume or percolation from the
11am and between 2pm
current meter during water agricultural fields.
to 4pm).
sampling.
Water sampling (2
4 Sisneri Using data from station set by It shall be assumed that the
times: between 9am to
BRBIP DSS Consultant. water constitutes
11am and between 2pm
percolation from the
to 4pm).
agricultural fields and
forest areas.
Water sampling (2
5 Areas around Discharge measurement shall be It shall be assumed that the
times: between 9am to
Karmaiya done 2 times using flume or water constitutes
11am and between 2pm
current meter during water percolation from the
to 4pm).
sampling. agricultural fields.
Water sampling (2
6 Bhorleni Using data from DHM station.
times: between 9am to
11am and between 2pm
to 4pm).
Water sampling (2
7 Pandherodovan Using data from DHM station.
times: between 9am to
11am and between 2pm
to 4pm).

(6)
Method of pollutant load estimation
Non-point source pollutant load shall be analyzed using unit pollutant load (kg/day/km2) and area (km2) of each
reaches.
The following commercial pollutant load and livestock pollutant load shall be estimated using the collected and
analyzed data and information of the secondary sources.

(4) Commercial pollutant load

Commercial pollutant load of SS, COD, BOD, T-N and T-P shall be estimated by reaches.

Method of pollutant load estimation

Commercial pollutant load shall be calculated with indirect method using employment rates of commercial industry
by reaches under the assumption that unit pollutant load (g/cap./day) of commercial load is almost the same as unit
domestic pollutant load (g/cap./day).
(5) Livestock pollutant load
Livestock pollutant load of SS, COD, BOD, T-N and T-P shall be estimated by reaches.

Method of pollutant load estimation

The livestock pollutant load shall be estimated from secondary information using unit pollutant load (g/cap./day) of
each domestic animal and number of each domestic animal by reaches. Type of domestic animals is pigs, chickens,
cattle, goats and the others.

5.3Aquatic Life Status

Level of water pollution has strong relationship with type of aquatic life. Water quality can be analyzed by type of
aquatic life. Considering the fact above, the Consultant shall collect data and information to identify type of aquatic
life of Bagmati River. The Consultant shall investigate the following types of aquatic life and take note of them along
with the GPS coordinates where ever samples are taken:

i) Bottom organisms
ii) Fishes
iii) Attached algae

Based on the result of survey, the Consultant shall select indicator for aquatic life,as given below that has strong
relationship with water environment and pollution.
i) settles the same place without movement
ii) is easily distinguished by site observation
iii) is distributed depending on condition of water pollution without effect of water temperature and elevation
iv) is distributed with high habitat density

5. Outputs
The Consultant shall submit Reports in English comprising following information, in proper forms approved by the
Client.
The Reports shall consist of the main report and the data book. The main Report shall contain Methodology
 Terms of Reference of Environmental Survey and Aquatic Life Status of Bagmati River and its tributaries

adopted, collected data and information, its analysis and results including items below;
a) Method of Survey
b) List of organizations that were surveyed by the Consultant with date
c) Actual survey schedule
d) Survey results with format
e) Collected Documents and Reports with its list
f) Report of digital format in DVD-ROM
The report shall comprise following information.
i) Water Environmental Survey
a) Population distribution map
b) Point- source pollutant load estimation and the GPS coordinates of the study sites
c) Non-point source pollutant load estimation and the GPS coordinates of the study sites
ii) Aquatic Life Status
a) Bottom organisms with notes of observation and the GPS coordinates
b) Fish with notes of observation and the GPS coordinates
c) Attached algae with notes of observation and the GPS coordinates
d) List of aquatic life indicators

6. WorkSchedule and Deliverables

Work period of this Contract shall be of 2.5 month from December2016to mid of February 2017. The Consultant
shall follow the Work Schedule as shown below:

Table-6 Work Schedule

(8)
 Deliverables

The assignment shall be completed within the stipulated time of two and half working months with three
stages of deliveries as hereunder:

SN Deliveries Schedule Contents

- Detailed work plan and
Inception Report (2 sets methodology
1 2 weeks after the contract
hard copy) - Data availability
- Field survey plan
- Description of the survey work
2 Draft Report (2 sets) 2 months after the contract describing methodology, analysis
of data, results and discussion.
Within two and half months
Final Report
after the contract - Description of the survey work
(4 sets hard copy, 1 set soft
3 incorporating comments and describing methodology, analysis
copy, one set raw and
suggestions from the client in of data, results and discussion.
processed digital data )
the submitted Draft Report

7. Payment Methods/modalities

- 15% payment after the submission and approval of inception report

- 50% payment after submission and approval of draft report.
- 35% payment after the submission and approval of final report.

8. Manpower Requirement

The consultant is expected to engage following professionals to carry out the proposed tasks.

SN Particular of Manpower Qualification Duration (man days)

Master in related field with 5 years 75
1 Environmental Expert
experience.
Master in Hydrologywith 5 years 32
2 Hydrologist
experience.
Certificate level with experience in 52
3 Sub Engineer
related field.
4 Supporting Staff 15