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NOTE: PART 2 CONTAINS QUESTIONS FROM ENTROPY AND FREE ENERGY
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d) The mechanism of a reaction can be evolved from thermodynamics.
1) a only 2) a & b 3) a,b & c 4) a & d
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2) Choose the incorrect statement
1) Open systems can exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings.
capacity; are
1) a, b & c 2) b & e 3) c & e 4) None
6) Which of the following is not a state function?
1) Internal energy 2) Enthalpy 3) Work 4) Free energy
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8) In an adiabatic process,
1) dT = 0 2) dU = 0 3) q 0 4) All
Note: In an adiabatic process, there is no exchange of heat between system and surroundings. Hence dq = 0 and dU = w.
However there is change in temperature and internal energy during this process.
9) In which of the following processes, dT =0?
1) Adiabatic process 2) Isobaric process 3) Isothermal process 4) Isochoric process
10) In an isochoric process,
1) dT = 0 2) dP = 0 3) dV = 0 4) dH = 0
Note: in isochoric (dV=0) and isobaric (dP=0) processes, the pressure-volume work is always zero.
11) In a cyclic process,
1) dU = 0 2) dH = 0 3) dT = 0 4) All
12) If the systems A and B are in thermal equilibrium with system C, then system A is also in thermal
equilibrium with system B. In thermodynamics, this statement is known as
1) 1st law 2) 2nd law 3) 3rd law 4) zeroeth law
13) Thermos flask is an example of
1) Closed system 2) Open system 3) Isolated system 4) All
14) The correct statement about isothermal process is
1) dT = 0 2) dU = 0 3) q = -w 4) All
Thermodynamics Part-I: Prepared by V. Aditya vardhan adichemadi(at)gmail.com 2
15) The statement which is not true according to 1st law of thermodynamics is
1) Energy can neither be created nor destroyed although it can be changed from one form to an-
other.
2) The total energy of the universe is constant.
3) The change in the internal energy of a closed system is equal to the sum of heat lost or absorbed by
the system and work either done by the system or done on the system
4) The change in internal energy of a system is zero in all the processes
16) The work done during the free expansion of an ideal gas is equal to
1) Pext 2) dV 3) dU 4) zero
17) Which of the following is true about isothermal free expansion of a gas?
1) dU = 0 2) dT = 0 3) PextdV = 0 4) All
18) The work done during isothermal irreversible change will be given by
Vf Vf
1) -Pext(Vf-Vi) 2) 2.303nRT log 3) nRT log 4) zero
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Vi Vi
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Note: In the irreversible process, the work is done against constant external pressure which differs largely from the internal
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pressure.
19) The work done during an isothermal reversible change will be given by
given by nRT / V.
20) Two litres of an ideal gas at a pressure of 10 atm expands isothermally into vacuum until its total
volume becomes 100 litres.The amount of heat absorbed in the expansion is
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2) The work done in reversible expansion is equal to the work done in irreversible expansion.
3) The work done in reversible expansion is greater than the work done in irreversible expansion.
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4) All.
Note: But in case of compression, |wrev| < |wirrev|
22) Ten litres of an ideal gas at a pressure of 10 atm expands isothermally against a constant pressure of
1 atm. until its total volume becomes 100 litres.The work done in the expansion is
1) -90 L-atm 2) -10 L-atm 3) -23.03 L-atm 4) -230.3 L-atm
Hint: This is the case of irreversible expansion.
23) Ten litres of an ideal gas at a pressure of 10 atm expands reversibly under isothermal conditions until
its total volume becomes 100 litres.The work done in the expansion is
1) -90 L-atm 2) -10 L-atm 3) -230.3 L-atm 4) -100 L-atm
Note: The work done is maximum in case of reversible expansion. (negative sign only indicates the work is done by the
system)
24) The amount of heat absorbed, when 2.5 L of an ideal gas is compressed isothermally under constant
atmospheric pressure until the volume becomes 0.5 L is
1) 2 J 2) -202.65 J 3) +202.6 J 4) -2 J
Note: 1) During isothermal compression, heat is liberated by the system and hence negative with respect to it.
2) 1 L-atm = 101.325 J
25) 2 moles of an ideal gas at STP is expanded isothermally in infinitisimally small steps until the volume
is doubled. The amount of heat absorbed during this process is
Thermodynamics Part-I: Prepared by V. Aditya vardhan adichemadi(at)gmail.com 3
1) 1.37 kJ 2) 8.3 kJ 3) -1.37 kJ 4) None
26) 1 liter of an ideal gas, initially at a pressure of 10 atm, is allowed to expand at constant temperature
to 10 liters by reducing the external pressure to 1 atm in a single step. The work done during this
process is
1) 10 L-atm 2) -100 L-atm 3) -9 L-atm 4) 0 L-atm
27) The area of which of the following graph shows PV work done during reversible expansion of ideal
gas at constant temperature?
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28) 25 L of an ideal gas is compressed isothermally under constant atmospheric pressure until the vol-
ume becomes 5 L. The change in internal energy is
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1) 20 J 2) -2026.5 J 3) +2026 J 4) 0 J
29) There is a balloon of given volume, V1, containing a gas at temperature, T1. When the balloon is
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placed in a colder room at temperature, T2, the balloon’s temperature starts to drop. What are the
signs of the system’s q, w, and E for this process?
1) +q, +w, +E 2) -q, -w, -E 3) -q, -w, +E 4) -q, +w, -E
30) 11.2 L of a hydrogen gas at 273 K temperature and 1 atm of pressure in a sealed rigid container is
heated to double its temperature. The change in internal energy dU will be equal to
1) +w 2) +q 3) -w 4) -q
Note: As the process is isochoric, the change in internal energy is only due to exchange of heat
qv dU =
31) An ideal gas at 10 atm pressure and occupying 0.1 L is expanded to 1.1 L by supplying 101.325 J
of heat against constant atmospheric pressure irreversibly. The change in the temperature of the gas
during this process is
1) 10 K 2) 1.1 K 3) 1K 4) No change
Hint: dU = q+w = 101.325 J + (-101.325 J) = 0
32) A gas is allowed to expand at constant temperature from a volume of 1.0 L to 10.1 L against an
external pressure of 0.50 atm. If the gas absorbs 250 J of heat from the surroundings, what are the
values of q, w, and E respectively?
1) 250 J, -461 J & -211 J 2) -250 J, -461 J & -711 J
3) 250 J, -461 J & -711 J 4) 250 J, -4.55 J & 245 J
Thermodynamics Part-I: Prepared by V. Aditya vardhan adichemadi(at)gmail.com 4
33) In a process, 800 J of heat is absorbed by a system and 350 J of work is done by the system. The
change in internal energy for the process is
1) 350 J 2) 450 J 3) -450 J 4) -350 J
34) When is dHsys= dEsys?
1) When qv= qp.
2) In reactions involving only liquids and solids.
3) In reactions running under a vacuum (P=0).
4) All
35) Which of the following reactions could do work of expansion on the surroundings?
1) 2CO(g) + O2(g)
2CO2(g)
2) Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s)
Al2O3(s) + 2Fe(s)
3) CH4(g) + 2O2(g)
CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
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4) 2N2O(g) 2N2(g) + O2(g)
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36) Suppose a gas in a piston is expanded at constant pressure and the temperature goes down. Which
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of the following correctly describes the signs for the work, the heat for the system and the energy
change of the system?
1) Work is positive, q is negative, and dU is negative.
a) q > 0
b) w > 0
c) q + w > 0
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d) q > 0 such that |q| > |w| (where |q| and |w| are absolute values)
The correct options are
1) a,b,c & d 2) b &d 3) a & d 4) c & d
38) When 2.0 mol O2(g) is heated at a constant pressure of 4.25 atm, its temperature increases from
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260 K to 285 K. Given that the isobaric molar heat capacity of O2 is 29.4 J.K-1 mol-1, the change in
the internal energy during the process will be
1) 1054 J.K-1 mol-1 2) 416 J.K-1 mol-1 3) 1470 J.K-1 mol-1 4) 1887 J.K-1 mol-1
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water at 1bar and 100°C is 41kJ mol-1. The internal energy change, when 1 mol of water is vaporised
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at 1 bar pressure and 100°C will be
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1) 37.9 kJ mol–1 2) 41 kJ mol–1 3) 47.9 kJ mol–1 4) 18.3 kJ mol–1
Reaction: H2(liquid)
H2(gas)
8) The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1.00 g of aluminium by 1oC is called its
1) Enthalpy 2) Heat capacity 3) Specific heat 4) Molar heat
9) The molar heat capacity for NaCl is 50.50 J mol-1 K-1. What is the specific heat?
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1) 0.8640 J g-1 K-1 2) 50.5 J g-1 K-1 3) 8.640 J g-1 K-1 4) 4.184 J g-1 K-1
10) The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 60.0 g of aluminium from 15oC to 55oC is.
(Molar heat capacity of Al is 24 J mol–1K–1)
1) 2.133 J 2) 1.066 J 3) 2.133 kJ 4) 2.4 kJ
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11) The heat capacity of methyl alcohol (MW = 32.05 g/mol) is 80.3 J mol-1 K-1. The quantity of heat
that will be evolved when the temperature of 2610 g of methyl alcohol falls from 22oC to 2oC
1) 1.5 x 102 kJ 2) 1.3 x 102 kJ 3) 1.7 x 102 kJ 4) 7 kJ
12) The amount of heat absorbed by one mole of an ideal gas in an isochoric process to raise the
temperature from 1.1oC to 11.1oC is 120 kJ/mol. The Cv and Cp values of the gas in kJ mol-1K-1 will
be
1) 12 kJ & 3.7 kJ 2) 10 kJ & 12 kJ 3) 12 kJ & 20.3 kJ 4) 20.3 kJ & 12 kJ
Cp
H
T p
qp
T
C p C v nR
13) The difference in Cp and Cv values for liquids and solids will be equal to
1) R 2) nR 3) 2R 4) 0
14) Choose the incorrect statement
Thermodynamics Part-I: Prepared by V. Aditya vardhan adichemadi(at)gmail.com 6
1) The molar heat capacities of the metallic elements are almost identical. This is the basis of the Law
of Dulong and Petit, which served as an important tool for estimating the atomic weights of some
elements.
2) The intermolecular hydrogen bonding in water and alcohols results in anomalously high heat
capacities for these liquids; the same is true for ice, compared to other solids.
3) The heat capacity values for graphite and diamond are very high as the solids that are more
“ordered” tend to have larger heat capacities.
4) None.
Note: The molar heat capacities of metals are almost equal to 3R.
15) The molar heat capacity values of noble gases at contant volume are almost equal to
3R 5R 7R
1) 2) 3) 4) R
2 2 2
Note: In case of noble gases (which are mono-atomic) only three translational degrees of freedom are possible and each of
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1 3R 5
these contribute R to heat capacity and hence the Cv = . The Cp value will be given by Cv + R = R
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2 2 2
16) The theoretical molar heat capacities of diatomic molecules at constant volume and at fairly high
temperatures is almost equal to
7R
(contribution of 1R/2 from each) and 1 vibrational degree of freedom ( contribution of R). Hence Cv = (at high temp.)
2
5R
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But at low temperatures (eg., room temperature), the vibrational degree of freedom can be neglected and hence Cv =
2
In the same way, for poly-atomic molecules, the contributions are as follows
1 1 1 3
From three translational degrees of freedom -- R R R R
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2 2 2 2
1 1 1 3
From three rotational degrees of freedom -- R R R R
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2 2 2 2
From 3N-6 vibrational modes -- (3N-6)R (where N = number of atoms in poly-atomic molecule)
17) Calculate the enthalpy change on freezing of 1.0 mol of water at10.0oC to ice at –10.0oC. Given
fusH = 6.03 kJ mol–1 at 0°C; Cp [H2O(l)] = 75.3 J mol–1 K–1 ; Cp [H2O(s)] = 36.8 J mol–1 K–1
1) 7.151 kJ 2) -6.03 kJ 3) 3.63 kJ 4) -7.151 kJ
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18) If 1000 calories are added to 20 g of ice at -10 C, the final temperature will be
(Specific heat of ice = 0.48 cal/g-K and Heat of fusion of ice = 80 cal/g.)
1) 380 K 2) 0 K 3) 273 K 4) 283.2 K
Note: As the heat supplied is not sufficient to melt the ice completely, finally there will be a mixture of ice and water at 0oC
19) A coffee-cup calorimeter is calibrated by adding 1840 J of heat to the water in the calorimeter and
measuring a 1.72oC rise in temperature. When some NH4Cl(s) is added to the same water in the
calorimeter, the temperature falls by 1.04oC. The enthalpy change due to the dissolving of NH4Cl(s)
is
1) -1112 J 2) +1250 J 3) +3040 J 4) +1112 J
20) Which of the following statements is true?
1) q = dH at constant P; q = dE at constant T
2) q = dH at constant T; q = dE at constant V
3) q = dH at constant V; q = dE at constant P
4) q = dH at constant P; q = dE at constant V
Thermodynamics Part-I: Prepared by V. Aditya vardhan adichemadi(at)gmail.com 7
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21) An ice cube at 0 C weighing 9.0 g is dropped into an insulated vessel containing 72 g of water at
50oC. What is the final temperature of water after the ice has melted and a constant temperature has
been reached? The latent heat of fusion of ice is 6.01 kJ/mol and the molar heat capacity of H2O is
75.4 J mol-1K-1.
1) 36oC 2) 40oC 3) 44oC 4) 32oC
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22) What is U o when one mole of liquid water vaporises at 100 C if the heat of vaporisation vap H o
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of water at 100 C is 40.66 kJ.mol ?
1) 40.66 kJ.mol-1 2) 24.66 kJ.mol-1 3) 36.73 kJ.mol-1 4) -40.66 kJ.mol-1
23) The value of Helium gas is equal to
1) 1.67 cal 2) 1.4 cal 3) 6 cal 4) 10 cal
Cp 5
Note: 1.67 cal
Cv 3
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3R
For mono atomic gases Cv 3 cal
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C p Cv R 5 cal
24) Temperature of one mole of Neon gas is increased by 1oC, hence, increase in internal energy is
must be supplied to a 750.0 g stainless steel vessel containing 800.0 g of water to raise its tempera-
ture from 20.0oC to the boiling point of water
1) 6.98 kJ 2) 29.8 kJ 3) 69.8 kJ 4) 298 kJ
27) The temperature of a substance represents
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THERMOCHEMISTRY
1) Which statement is incorrect about endothermic reactions?
1) the system absorbs energy from its surroundings
2) the enthalpy of products is lower than the enthalpy of the reactants
3) the thermal kinetic energy of the surroundings will decrease
4) the enthalpy change will have a positive value
Thermodynamics Part-I: Prepared by V. Aditya vardhan adichemadi(at)gmail.com 8
2) Which of the following is the standard state of carbon at STP?
1) C as CO2 (g) 2) C as graphite (s) 3) C as CH4 (g) 4) C as diamond (s)
3) Which of the following statements is/are true about an exothermic reaction?
I) the energy absorbed in bond breaking is more than the energy released in bond formation
II) the system absorbs energy
III) the potential energy of the reactants is less than the potential energy of the products
IV) the thermal kinetic energy of the surroundings will increase
1) I and III only 2) II and III only 3) II and IV only 4) IV only
4) How much heat is absorbed when 3.00 grams of SiO2 react with excess carbon according to the
reaction below? r H o for the reaction is +624.7 kJ.
SiO2(s) + 3C(s) SiC(s) + 2CO(g)
1) 208 kJ 2) 5.06 kJ 3) 10.4 kJ 4) 31.2 kJ
5) H of which of the following reactions is equal to the standard enthalpy of formation( f H o ) of
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NH3?
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1) 2NH3(g)
3H2(g) + N2(g)
2) NH3(g)
3/2H2(g) + 1/2N2(g)
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6) Given: H2(g) + Br2(l) 2 HBr(g) ; r H = –72.8 kJ
Calculate the amount of energy absorbed or released when 15.0 g of HBr (g) is formed.
1) 6.75 kJ released 2) 13.5 kJ released 3) 4.85 kJ absorbed 4) 607 kJ absorbed
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7) Which of the following has non zero standard enthalpy of formation at 25oC?
1) Cl2(g) 2)O2(g) 3) Na(g) 4) F2(g)
8) The standard heat of formation of NH3 is
(Given N2(g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH (g) ; r H o = -91 kJ )
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1) +91 kJ 2) + 45.5 kJ 3) -19 kJ 4) -45.5 kJ
9) The enthalpy change for the reaction of 50 mL of ethylene with 50 mL of H2 at 1.5 atm pressure is
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But if the absolute values are considered, the decrease in internal energy is less than heat liberated. This is because Some
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amount of decrease in internal energy, due to loss of heat, is compensated by compression work done on the system.
14) When burned in oxygen, 10.0 g of phosphorus generated enough heat to raise the temperature of
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2950 g of water from 8.0oC to 28.0oC. The heat of formation of P4O10 from P4(s) and O2(g) is
1) -30.6 kJ mol-1 2) -306 kJ mol-1 3) -3060 kJ mol-1 4)-6120 kJ mol-1
16.
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What is the change in energy accompanying the production of 1.5 moles of CO2(g)?
1) 1725 kJ 2) 766.7 kJ 3) 431.3 kJ 4) 9.799 kJ
20. When 1.75 g of CaCl2 dissolves in 125 g of water in a coffee-cup calorimeter, the temperature
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increases by 2.44ºC. What is the heat change per mole of CaCl2 dissolved? Assume that all the
heat is absorbed by the water.
1) 11.3 kJ/mol of CaCl2 2) 1.13 kJ/mol of CaCl2
3) 729 kJ/mol of CaCl2 4) 80.9 kJ/mol of CaCl2
21. 5.5 g of sodium hydroxide is dissolved in 175 mL of water. Using a coffee-cup calorimeter, the
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temperature change of the water is measured to be +2.10C. The specific heat capacity of water
is 4.184 J/gC. What is the thermochemical equation for this process?
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f H o (H2O(l)) = -285.8 kJ/mole]
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1) +699.7 kJ 2) -658.6 kJ 3) -1926.3 kJ 4) -2018 kJ
28. Using the following data:
33. Calculate the enthalpy change, Ho, for the combustion of benzene, C6H6, given the following
C6H6(l) + 15/2O2(g)
6CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)
f H o values in kJ/mol are as follows:
C6H6(l) = 49.0; CO2(g) = -393.5; H2O(l) = -285.8
1) -3169.4 kJ 2) 3267.4 kJ 3) -728.3 kJ 4) -3267.4 kJ
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34. Calculate H for the reaction: Na2O(s) + SO3 (g) Na2SO4(s) given the following:
(1) Na(s) + H2O(l)
NaOH(s) + 1/2 H2(g) Ho = – 146 kJ
(2) Na2SO4 (s) + H2O(l) 2NaOH(s) + SO3(g) Ho = + 418 kJ
(3) 2Na2O (s) + 2H2(g) 4Na(s) + 2H2O(l) Ho = + 259 kJ
1) + 823 kJ 2) – 581 kJ 3) – 435 kJ 4) + 531 kJ
35. Given equations (1) and (2), calculate the enthalpy change for equation (3).
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(1) Pb(s) + PbO2(s) + 2 SO3(g) 2 PbSO4(s) Ho = -775 kJ
(2) SO3(g) + H2O(l) H2SO4(aq) Ho = -133 kJ
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(3) Pb(s) PbO2(s) 2 H2SO4(aq) 2 PbSO4(s) 2 H2O(l)
1) – 908 kJ 2) – 642 kJ 3) – 509 kJ 4) + 642 kJ