MVT Manual English

Draft
Mines Vocational Training

manual
Mines Vocational Training Manual
Table of Contents
EnvironmentPage 3-9
Modified Standing Order.Page 10-26
Grievance Management System for Unionised Employees...Page 26-34
Chemical.. Page 35-45
Geophysics.. Page 46-56
Production (Oil).Page 57-61
Production (Gas). Page 62-68
Well Logging. Page 69-74
Medical ... Page 75-84
Fire Services... Page 85-99
Transport.. Page 100-110
Field Engineering .Page 111-123
LPG Page 123-135
Electrical Page 136-146
Drilling. Page 146-169
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Environment
Safety & Environmental objective of the company
1. Identifying HSE hazards in the operations & eliminate or control them in the best practicable
manner while carrying out work
2. Assess the HSE impacts of OIL activities and manage the associated risks
3. Provide direction, training and supervision so that OIL employees will work safely.
4. Develop effective emergency response plans
5. Oblige contractors & subcontractors to have same level of commitment towards OIL HSE
standards.
6. Establish an effective, evolving HSE management system
7. Comply with relevant rules, legislations & approved codes of practice.
8. Make continual improvements in HSE management
9. Coordinate with external agencies as appropriate to achieve HSE excellence.
Environment Policy
Oil India Limited takes its responsibility towards the environment very seriously and is working
with Government and stakeholders to ensure that the environmental footprint we leave is as
small as possible.
As a result OILs operations have become very much environmental friendly with integration of
latest environmental technologies. There has been no major environmental pollution problem
with OILs operations since last few decades.
The management commitment is also reflected in our Environment Policy.
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Page 4
Introduction to Environmental laws,
THE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT, 1986 (AMENDED 1991)
Environment Protection Act, 1986 is an Act of the Parliament of India. In the wake of the Bhopal
Tragedy, the Government of India enacted the Environment Protection Act of 1986 under Article
253 of the Constitution. The purpose of the Act is to implement the decisions of the United
Nations Conference on the Human Environment of 1972, in so far as they relate to the protection
and improvement of the human environment t and the prevention of hazards to human beings,
other living creatures, plants and property. The Act is an umbrella legislation designed to
provide a framework for central government coordination of the activities of various central and
state authorities established under previous laws, such as the Water Act and the Air Act.
Objective
To co-ordinate the activities of the various regulatory agencies already in existence.

Creation of an authority or authorities with adequate powers for environmental protection.
Regulation of discharge of environmental pollutants and handling of hazardous substance.
Speedy response in the event of accidents threatening environmental and deterrents
punishment to those who endanger human environment, safety and health.
The water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (amended 1988)
The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 is the first enactment by the Parliament
in this direction. This is also the first specific and comprehensive legislation institutionalizing
simultaneously the regulatory agencies for controlling water pollution. The act aims to prevent
and control water pollution and to maintain/restore wholesomeness of water by establishing
central and state pollution control board to monitor and enforce the regulations
The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Rules, 1975 (amended 2003)
The act aims to provide for the levy and collection of a cess on water consumed by persons
carrying on certain industries and by local authorities, with a view to augment the resources of
the Central Board and the State Boards for the prevention and control of water pollution
constituted under the the water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (amended 1987)
The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act was enacted by the Parliament in 1981 with an
objective to prevent, control & abatement of air pollution. No person operating any industrial
plant, in any air pollution control area shall discharge or cause or permit to be discharged the
emission of any air pollution in excess of the standards laid down by the state board.
National Ambient Air Quality Emission Standards, 2009
Ambient air quality standard is developed as a policy guideline that regulates the effect of
human activity upon the environment so that pollutant emission into the air can be regulated.
Standards may specify a desired state or limit alterations Parameters monitored: Particulate
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matter (PM10), Suspended Particulate matter (SPM),Carbon Monoxide, Sulphur Dioxide (SO2),
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Lead (Pb), Ammonia (NH3) etc
The objectives of air quality standards are:
To indicate the levels of air quality necessary with an adequate margin of safety to protect
the public health, vegetation and property;
To assist in establishing priorities for abatement and control of pollutant level;
To provide uniform yardstick for assessing air quality at national level;
To indicate the need and extent of monitoring programme.
The Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control) Rules, 2000
Area Code Category of Area/ Zone Limits in dB (A) Leq
Day Time Night Time

A Industrial Area 75 70
B Commercial Area 65 55
Residential Area 55 45
D Silence Zone 50 40
1.Day time shall mean from 6.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m.
2. Night time shall mean from 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m.
3. Silence zone is defined as an area comprising not less than 100 metres around hospitals, educational institutions
and courts. The silence zones are zones which are declared as such by the competent authority.
4. Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four above mentioned categories by the competent
authority.
*dB(A) Leq denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale A which is relatable to human
hearing.
A "decibel" is a unit in which noise is measured.
"A", in dB(A) Leq, denotes the frequency weighting in the measurement of noise and corresponds to frequency
response characteristics of the human ear.
Leq : It is an energy mean of the noise level, over a specified period.
Hazardous material ( Management, Handling and Transboundary movement )rules 2008
Hazardous Waste generated by the industries can cause environmental pollution and adverse
health effects if not handled and managed properly. In order to manage hazardous waste (HW)
mainly solids, semi-solids, solvents and other industrial wastes not covered by the Water
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution)
Act, 1981, and to enable the authorities to control handling, transport, treatment and disposal of
hazardous waste (HW) in an environmentally sound manner, Ministry of Environment & Forests
(MoEF) promulgated Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules on 28 July 1989 under
the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
Hazardous wastes in E&P companies are waste oil, oily sludge, tank bottom sludge, oil soaked
debris, drill cutting
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Environment Management in OIL
Emission & Water Management
To monitor its emissions, OIL from time to time carries out ambient air quality monitoring is
done in and around OILs operational areas and other vulnerable places with the help of a mobile
Air Quality Monitoring Van procured by OIL
All measures have been taken to minimize our ecological footprint including phasing out the use of
Ozone depleting substances, connecting all our installations with flare systems and closed blow
down vessels, use of floating roof tank for crude oil and connecting all safety release valves to
common header leading to flare to minimize emission of hydrocarbons.
OIL continued to invest in reducing air emission levels through adoption of

cleaner technologies and investment in state-of-the-art pollution control equipment like facilities of
low pressure booster compressor/jet compressors to reduce flaring of very low pressure natural gas
which has resulted in energy saving and economically viable to the company.
OIL also tries to minimize the amount of water used by adopting recycling in all drilling
activities. Rivers receiving water from OIL are regularly inspected and analysed for water quality.
Waste Management
The waste produced by OIL are of two types: Hazardous and Non hazardous. Collection,
transportation and elimination pathways follow the regulations in force by Central Pollution
Control Board and Ministry of Environment and Forest. OIL continuously strives for improving
the sorting of its conventional waste and strives to reduce waste production.
Hazardous waste like oily sludge and machine oil are disposed through registered recyclers in
accordance with the statutory guidelines. In addition,
OIL in collaboration with TERI has implemented a hazardous waste treatment technology called
bioremediation in OIL operational area.
Through bioremediation the naturally occurring microbes degrades the toxic hydrocarbon
compounds leaving behind non-hazardous end products or metabolites and hence no harmful
effects. Not only is this technique environmental friendly but also is highly cost effective when
compared to storage of oily waste/ oily sludge in sludge pits.
Non-hazardous waste like Drill cuttings are stored in landfills, Recycling of drilling effluent pit
water in drilling operations to contain all effluents within the well site premises and reuse of
water.
ETP installed in few locations. In order to prevent migration of drilling effluent to outside
surrounding, OIL is putting up HDPE (High Density Poly Ethylene - Used as effluent pit lining) for
Hazardous oil/waste/effluent disposal.
The formation water produced along with crude oil are scientifically treated with oil soluble de-
emulsifiers to separate oil and water. The separated formation water is disposed off into selected
disposal wells specially drilled for the purpose. Such wells have impermeable layers to prevent any
vertical migration of disposed formation water to the surface. The water samples from the
monitoring water wells in the vicinity of the disposal wells are regularly monitored to ensure that
the discharged formation water does not contaminate the aquifiers.
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OIL has ETPs in few OCSs. The ETPs are provided with tilted plate interceptors, Air floatation,
flocculation and ultra filtration methods. The formation water is disposed after treatment
conforming to CPCB guidelines.
Minimizing noise
Generator sets, compressors and rig engines are the main sources of noise at OIL, but the
environmental impact remains insignificant thanks to acoustic enclosures and noise barriers
erected around worksites and OILs installations. Noise levels are also monitored continuously at
these locations.
Tree Plantation
OIL adopts compensatory & social plantation drives in a massive way in its field areas. OIL has
planted about more than 10000 trees during 2013 in its operational areas. Average survival rate
is about 80%. Plant species are selected accordingly to the land condition & requirement.
Environment Projects
OIL has undertaken an initiative to carry out treatment, recycling and final disposal of E-waste
material in a safe & scientific methods as per norms of Central Pollution Control Board/ State
Pollution Control Board as per policy guidelines issued by GOI by an authorized dealer.
As a responsible corporate citizen, OIL has undertaken a project of online display of pollution
parameters like stack air emission, gas engine exhaust, ambient air quality and formation/ effluent
water will be implemented in phased manner in OIL installations. Though the project is not
mandatory for OIL, but as a good environmental practice OIL has taken this initiative.
This project was done by OIL in collaboration with Institute of Advanced studies in Science &
Technology, Guwahati. Selected species of plants were planted in an oil contaminated plot of
land (30m X 20m) near Jorajan OCS. These plants degraded the hydrocarbon and heavy metal
content of the contaminated area & remediated it to normal. OIL is planning to carry out more
such projects in other areas.
Audit
To improve the environmental standards at the field operations and production installations, OIL
conducts the environmental audits. An environmental standard is apolicy guideline that regulates
the effect of human activity upon the environment. The different operational activities have different
concerns and therefore different standards are applicable to them. For instance at oil and gas
installation environmental standards related to water recycling, effluent treatment, disposal of
formation water, flaring of gas and emission to atmosphere etc are looked into.
Once follows, these standards help in better environmental management, Compliance to statutory
requirements,Improvement in environmental standards beyond statutory compliance, capacity
building of installation personnel and bringing environmental awareness amongst employees etc.
OIL keeps identifying the field installations for environmental audit year on year.
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Emergency management system
What is Disaster
Disaster is a sudden, calamitous event bringing great damage, loss, and destruction and
devastation to life and property.
It may also be termed as a serious disruption of the functioning of society, causing widespread
human, material or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected society to cope
using its own resources.
Types of Disasters:
Natural
Ex: Flood, Cyclone, Earthquake etc.
Man made
Ex: Industrial-Chemical Disaster, Riot, War etc.
Causes:
Fire
Oil Spills
Flood/Cyclone/earthquake etc.
Failure of structures
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
An applied science which seeks, by the systematic observation and analysis of disasters, to
improve measures relating to prevention, mitigation, preparedness, emergency response and
recovery.
Disaster Management in OIL INDIA LIMITED
HSE Policy clearly mentions to

Prevent mishaps, minimize risk & hazard and remain trained, equipped and ready for
effective & prompt response to emergencies including disasters and accidents.
Keeping in lieu with the policy OIL has put Mutual Aid for Emergency Response Planin place
for dealing with offsite emergencies.
Crisis Management Team (CMT) has been formed to deal with well blow out and major fire
incidents & procurement of various vital equipment for Crisis Management is in progress.
Disaster management plan (DMP) both onsite and offsite has been prepared.
Scenario based DMP has also been prepared.
HAZOP and Risk Analysis Study of major installations and recommendations for mitigation
measures are implemented.
Mock offsite/onsite disaster drill: Regular mock drills are organized in order to check our
preparedness for unknown circumstances and take corrective actions if required.
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MODIFIED STANDING ORDER
1. These orders shall come into force on the date as specified under section 7 of the
Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946.
2. Applicability: These Standing Orders shall be applicable in respect of all the units of Oil
India Limited in North Eastern Region.
3.0 Classification of Workman:
3.1 Workmen shall be classified as :

(a) Permanent
(b) Probationer
(c) Temporary
(d) Apprentice
3.2 Permanent :-
3.2.1 A 'Permanent Workman' is a workman who has been engaged on a permanent basis and
includes any person who has been confirmed in writing as a permanent workmen after
satisfactory completion of probationary period of 3 months and in no case for more than 6
months.
3.3 Probationer :-
3.3.1 A 'probationer' is a person provisionally employed to fill up a regular /permanent vacancy

for an initial probationary period of normally three months, but in no case for more than 6
months and who has not been confirmed in service.
3.3.2 For the purpose of this order, any permanent workmen who is transferred/promoted on
probation to a new job, shall be treated as a probationer so far as the new job is concerned, but
at any time during the probationary period he may revert or be reverted back to his old
permanent position. Decision to revert a probationer shall be communicated to him in writing by
the Head of the Department concerned with full knowledge of the Deputy General Manager
(Industrial Relations)well ahead of the date of completion of the probationary period; otherwise,
confirmation letter will be issued to the probationer effective from the first day after completion
of the probationary period.
3.4 Temporary :-
3.4.1 A 'Temporary Workman' means a workman who has been engaged for a limited period for
work which is essentially of a temporary nature including project work or who has been
employed for temporary increase in work of a permanent nature.
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3.5 Apprentice :-
3.5.1 An 'Apprentice' is a learner who may be directly engaged by the Company in accordance
with the Company's own Scheme of Training and who may be paid a consolidated pay or stipend
during the period of training.
4.0 RECRUITMENT :-
4.1 Recruitment of unskilled, semi-skilled, skilled, supervisory and clerical workmen shall be
made in accordance with the Company's laid down policies and the Government rules and
regulations. All such employments shall be made by the Deputy General Manager (Industrial
Relations) or any other officer specially nominated on behalf of the Company.
5.0 RECORD OF AGE :-
5.1 Every workman shall indicate his/her exact date of birth to the Company at the time of
his/her engagement. In order to substantiate the proof of age a workman shall be required to
submit to the Company :
(a) Matriculation or School Leaving Certificate granted by the Board of Secondary Education or
similar Educational Authority. or
(b) A certificate from the School where he/she studied.
5.2 A workman who is unable to produce any of the above documents, shall state his/her age
and make a written declaration to the Company in presence of two workmen as witnesses that
the age as stated by him/her is correct. Such workman shall be examined by the Company's
Chief Medical Officer whose opinion as to the age shall be final and binding on the workmen.
5.3 The age/date of birth of a workman, once entered in the service card of the Company shall
be the sole evidence of his/her age in relation to all matters pertaining to his/her service
including fixation of the date of his/her retirement from the service of the Company. All
formalities regarding recording the date of birth shall be finalised within two months of the
appointment of a workman.
5.4 Where the exact date of birth is not furnished by the workman and the year of birth is only
established then the Company shall treat 31st December of the established year as the date of
birth for all practical purposes.
5.5 Under no circumstances, the age of a workman as given by him/her voluntarily or

established by the Company's Chief Medical Officer and recorded at the time of engagement can
be altered subsequently during his/her service career with the Company.
6.0 Photo Passes and Identity Card:
6.1 Every workman is provided with a Photo Pass or Identity Card in which his/her Registration
Number is recorded. A workman's Registration Number is personal to him/her and remains
unchanged throughout his/her service career with the Company.
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6.2 A workman should carry his/her Photo Pass or Identity Card when he/she is at work and
shall, on being advised to do so, show it to any superior or Security/Vigilance
personnel/Central Industrial Security Force or any person authorised by the Management to
inspect it.
6.3 Photo Pass or Identity Card is not transferable and shall be valid only in respect of the
particular workman in whose favour it is issued.
6.4 A workman shall surrender his/her Photo pass or Identity Card as the case may be, to the
Company on dismissed, retrenchment or termination of service, superannuation or retirement.
No workman shall be entitled to receive his/her dues on superannuation, retirement or
termination of employment until and unless his/her Photo Pass or Identity Card is returned to
the Company.
6.5 In case of loss of Photo Pass or Identity Card the workman concerned shall be liable to pay
the cost in accordance with the existing practice. However, the Company shall replace a
damaged
Photo Pass or Identity Card without any cost.
7.0 Publication of Working Time:
7.1 The periods and hours of work for all classes of workers shall be displayed in English, Hindi
and in the principal language of majority of the workmen employed in the establishment on the
Departmental Notice Boards and at the main entrance of the Industrial Area and other fenced
areas.
8.0 Publication of holidays and pay-days:
8.1 Holidays:-
8.1.1 Notice specifying the number of days to be observed as holidays in a year by the Company
shall be displayed in English, Hindi and the principal language or the majority of workmen of the
Company on the Departmental Notice Boards and at the main entrance of the Industrial Area.
8.2 Pay-day:-
8.2.1 Notice in English, Hindi and in the principal language of majority of the workmen
employed specifying the pay-days shall be displayed every month at the Departmental Notice
Boards and circulated departmentally.
9.0 Publication of Wage Rates:
9.1 Notice in English, Hindi and in the language of majority of the workmen employed specifying
the rates of pay for all grades of workmen shall be displayed on the Departmental Notice Boards.
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10.0 Shift Working:
10.1 More than one shift may be worked in a department or any section of a department on
operational necessities and at the discretion of the Company. If more than one shift is worked, a
workman is liable to be transferred from one shift to another.
10.2 Shift hours will be notified by the Management from time to time. Due notice under the
existing laws shall be given for any change of shift and working hours.
11.0 Attendance & Late Coming:
11.1 Attendance:-
11.1.1 A workman required to work within a protected area must enter and leave the area by the
gate specified. No workman may leave the said area during the working hours without a permit-
pass issued by his/her Departmental Head or Departmental Officer. During the working hours
the gate may be closed at the discretion of the Management.
11.1.2 The time of such workman going out from work and coming back to work will be recorded
in the permit-pass at the office and will also be recorded in the clock-card where such clocks are
provided.
11.1.3 A workman is liable to be searched at the time of entering and leaving the protected
/industrial /operational areas, oilfields or godowns and at any other time while on duty, by the
Company's security personnel or Central Industrial Security Force or by any person authorised
by the Director (Operations) and such searches shall be conducted in presence of two witnesses
in case of fenced operational/industrial or Oilfield areas or godowns and one witness in other
places who shall be the employee of the Company.
11.2 Late Coming:-
11.2.1 All workmen shall be at work at the time fixed and notified under paragraphs 7.0 and
10.0 above. Deduction stipulated under the Payment of Wages Act, 1936 shall be effected to
workmen for late attendance.
11.2.2 Workmen whose time is kept by their departments must comply with the departmental
rules and regulations relating to recording their periods of work. This includes those who clock
in their times in the clock-cards on arrival at the commencement of their shifts or general duty.
11.2.3 Five minutes grace is allowed for attendance at the commencement of the shift or period
of duty. Attendance of a workman reporting after five minutes until twentyfive minutes from the
start of the shift or period of duty will be recorded as twenty minutes late and will be paid only
for the remaining portion of the period of duty, i.e. 7 (seven) hours 40 (forty) minutes for a shift
worker.
11.2.4 No workman will be allowed to work after the expiry of 25 (twenty five) minutes from the
start of the shift or period of duty except with the special permission of the Head of the
Department. In such cases, the workman will be paid for the actual time worked.
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11.2.5 No workman should start work without first clocking-in his/her card and/or recording
the time as mentioned in para 11.1.2 above except in case when a workman is called beyond the
working hours to attend to any break-down/emergency job, when such workman will
be paid for the actual hours worked certified by the Head of the Department.
11.2.6 At the completion of shift a workman must clock-out and/or record his/her time of
departure failing which he/she will be assumed to have left the work before the scheduled time
unless he/she is working overtime. He/she will not be given attendance until his/her presence
at work is confirmed by the Head of the Department.
11.2.7 Each workman must clock his/her own card. Clocking another workman's clock-card will
constitute an act of misconduct under Section 21 of these orders.
11.2.8 During the period of duty, no workman is allowed to leave his/ her work without prior
permission from his/her Departmental Head or Departmental Officer.
11.2.9 A shift workman must not leave his/her work till his/her reliever arrives or till he/she is
instructed to leave by his/her Departmental Officer. If the waiting period exceeds half-an-hour,
overtime is payable from the end of the shift to the time such shift workman is relieved
12.0 Leave:
12.1 Annual Privilege Leave:-
(a) All workmen irrespective of grades shall be granted 30 days privilege leave with pay in a year.
(b) Annual privilege leave is granted to a workman in accordance with the Departmental leave
roster subject to operational convenience. Leave with pay will not be granted during the first year
of service. The period of probation counts as service for this purpose.
(c) No workman shall be granted privilege leave more than three times during any one calendar
year as per provision to Section 52(5) of the Mines Act, 1952.
(d) If a workman's leave has not already been arranged provisionally in a roster, the Head of the
Department will consider an application for leave in relation to departmental convenience. All
applications for leave except in exceptionally emergent cases should be submitted atleast 7
(seven) days before the leave is due to commence in order that the Departmental Head and the
Deputy General Manager (Industrial Relations) have enough time to process necessary
formalities.
(e) A workman must give his/her leave address to the Head of the Department alongwith the
application for leave. When leave cannot be granted for certain operational reasons, the
workman shall be informed in writing.
(f) Leave period will be treated as reckonable service for earning leave; but such leave shall not
be taken as extension to the leave he/she is enjoying. In other words, a workman may avail of
privilege leave earned up to the date of proceeding on leave depending on departmental
convenience.
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(g) At the time of going on leave a workman will be allowed to draw, in advance pay for the full
period of leave.
(h) In the event of resignation or termination of service, workman will be granted wages in lieu of
earned leave pro-rata up to the date of his/her leaving the Companys service. All workmen shall
be allowed to accumulate privilege leave up to a maximum of 180 days. Any excess leave will be
automatically forfeited.
(i) Extension of Leave - An application from a workman on leave for extension of his/her leave
will only be considered if it is received by his/her Head of the Department well in advance of the
expiry of the original leave granted except in the circumstances beyond the control of the
workman
concerned. Any such application must be supported by a reasonable evidence of its necessity
before it can be granted. The Head of the Department may grant such extension of leave against
leave due to the workman as per Sub-Section 12.1(e) above. If no such leave is due the Head of
the Department may recommend for granting special leave without pay on individual merit to the
General Manager (Administration) for his approval. The Deputy General Manager (Industrial
Relations) will arrange for informing the workman concerned at his/her leave address about
grant of extension of leave or otherwise on receipt of communication from the Head of the
Department to that effect.
(j) Overstay of leave - If a workman remains absent beyond the period of leave originally granted
or subsequently extended, he/she losses his/her lien on employment automatically unless
he/she returns within 8 days of the expiry of the leave/extended leave and explains to the
satisfaction of his/her Head of the Department the reasons for inability to return as scheduled.
12.2 Casual leave:-
12.2.1 Every workman is entitled to 10 (ten) days' casual leave with pay for each calendar year of
service in accordance with the following rules :-
(a) Application for casual leave should be made to the Head of the Department 24 (twenty four)
hours before the leave is due to be availed. Even under emergent situations it is expected of a
workman that he/she gives a message to the immediate superior or supervisor about the
emergency need before availing leave. However, under very emergent circumstances if a
workman availed casual leave without prior intimation to the Head of the Department, he/she
should do so
in writing as soon thereafter as possible but not beyond 48 hours of absence indicating probable
duration of absence.
(b) A workman may be permitted to avail of a maximum of 6 days' casual leave at a time in
exceptional cases.
(c) Casual leave is intended to meet special or unforeseen circumstances for which provision
cannot be made by exact rules. Such leave will be subject to the exigencies of work.
(d) Casual leave is not cumulative and will not be allowed to be taken in conjunction with Annual
Leave/absence on Medical grounds.
(e) Prefix/Suffix of holidays to casual leave will not be normally allowed.
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(f) A newly recruited probationer or a temporary workman may be allowed casual leave upto the
pro-rata amount on completion of six months' continuous service.
12.3 Maternity Leave and Sick Leave:-
12.3.1 A female worker will be granted maternity leave to cover the delivery period on full pay up
to a maximum of 60 days subject to a certificate from the Company's Chief Medical Officer. A
further 30 days' leave with full pay may be granted by the Director (Operations) under special
circumstances, on specific recommendation from the Company's Chief Medical Officer and in
conformity with the statutory provisions that may be in force from time to time.
12.3.2 Scale of sick leave and sick pay shall be governed by the existing terms and conditions as
amended from time to time.
13.0 Festival Holidays:
13.1 Each workman posted in Oilfields and Pipeline shall be able to avail of 19 days' Festival
Holidays inclusive of the 3 National Holidays during a calendar year. The enjoyment of the
aforesaid holidays by the workman shall, however, be subject to exigencies of work. Pay will be
granted in accordance with the Company's rules provided the workman who is allowed to enjoy
holidays is present at work on the working day proceeding and following such holidays.
13.2 In respect of the shift workmen who can be spared, holidays will commence at the
beginning of shift hours applicable to them.
14.0 Payment of Wages:
14.1 All workmen will be paid wages on a working day before the expiry of the tenth day after the
last day of the wage period in respect of which wages are payable in accordance with the
Payment of Wages Act, 1936. Wages may also be paid to individual workman's Bank Account
subject to his/her written consent to do so and provided such a measure is found feasible by the
Management.
14.2 Unclaimed wages by a workman shall only be on an application to the Accounts

Department of the Company.
15.0 Overtime:
15.1 A workman may be required to work overtime by the Head of a Department in cases of
emergency or urgent work. The decision as to whether the work for which overtime is demanded
is of essentially emergent nature shall be taken by the Head of the Department. If a workman
refuses to do overtime for urgent work for reasons which the Head of the Department considers
inadequate, he/she will render himself/herself liable to disciplinary action.
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15.2 Overtime will be paid in accordance with the Company's Rules governing overtime payment
and/or in conformity with the statutory provisions that may be in force from time to time.
16.0 Transfer:
16.1 A workman is liable to be transferred due to exigencies of work from one area to another
wherever the Company may be carrying out its operations and from one department or section to
another, provided that the pay, grade, continuity or conditions of service of the workman are not
adversely affected by such transfer and provided also that where a workman is transferred from
one job to another, that job should be of a similar nature such as he/she is capable of doing.
The Management will give reasonable notice to the worker concerned in case of such transfer.
17.0 Promotion:
17.1 Selection of a workman from a lower grade to fill a vacancy occurring in a higher grade is a
function of the Management. The sole authority in making any decision in the matter of
promotion lies with the Management. Notwithstanding this, the Company accepts the principle
that other things being equal, the senior most workmen in the lower grade will be promoted. Due
consideration shall, however, be given to efficiency and ability.
18.0 Stoppage of work and re-opening:
18.1 Subject to the provisions of Chapter V-A of the Industrial Disputes Act 1947, the
Management may, at any time in the event of underground troubles, fire, flood, catastrophe,
break-down of machinery, stoppage of power and water supplies, epidemic or civil commotion or
any other causes beyond its control, stop any Section or Department or Sections of the
Department/establishment or any Plant, wholly or partly for any period or periods without
notice.
18.2 In the event of such stoppage during the working hours, the workmen affected shall be
notified by displaying notices on the Departmental Notice Boards in English, Hindi and the
language of majority workmen of the Company as soon as practicable as to when work will be
resumed and whether they are to remain or leave their place of work. The workmen will not
ordinarily be required to remain at their
work place for more than two hours after the commencement of the stoppage. Whenever
workmen are laid off on account of failure of Plant or a temporary curtailment of production or
other causes, they shall be paid compensation in accordance with the provisions of the
Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. When no such compensation is admissible, they shall be granted
leave with or without wages as the case may be, leave with wages being granted to the extent of
any leave due to them. When workmen are to be laid off for an indefinite period, their services
may be terminated subject to the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. If normal work is resumed, two
weeks' notice thereof shall be given by posting notices in three languages as referred to
hereinbefore at or near the office/establishment and the workmen discharged earlier by the
Company shall, if they present themselves for work have preference for re-employment.
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18.3 The Management may, in the event of a strike effecting either wholly or partly any section of
the establishment or plant, close down either wholly or partly such section of the establishment
and any other section affected by such closure. The fact of such closure shall be notified by
displaying notices in three languages mentioned above on the Notice Board in the Office of the
Director (Operations). Prior to resumption of work, the workmen concerned will be notified by a
General Notification as well as Press Publication indicating as to when work will be resumed. A
copy of such Notification shall be sent to the registered trade union or unions functioning in the
Company.
19.0 Termination of employment/services:
19.1 Reasons :-
19.1.1 A workman's termination of service will generally fall under one of the following categories
:-
(a) Discharge owing to staff redundancy.
(b) Discharge on completion of temporary work.
(c) Discharge on completion of probationary period in respect of new recruits (if work is found
unsatisfactory during the probationary period).
(d) Discharge on receipt of adverse report about the workman's efficiency, work, acts or
expression prejudicial to the Company, its management, its business or its reputation or any
adverse official report.
(e) Discharge for absence from work without authorised leave or permission for more than
fourteen consecutive days.
(f) Any discharge for any mis-statement or suppression of facts or furnishing to the Company
any false or incorrect particulars about himself/herself/family, his/her qualifications or
experience or past antecedents or conduct at the time of appointment.
(g) Discharge for conviction by any Court of Law for a criminal offence involving moral turpitude.
(h) Discharge on Medical ground or death.
(i) Discharge on attainment of age of superannuation.
(j) Discharge on resignation after due notice.
(k) Discharge for unsatisfactory service.
(l) Dismissal for any act of misconduct as specified under Section21.
19.2 Procedure :-
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(a) The employment of a permanent workman may be terminated by giving one month's notice or
on Payment of one month's wages in lieu thereof.
(b) A permanent workman shall be required to give one month's notice or wages in lieu thereof to
the Company on his/her leaving services voluntarily.
(c) The employment of a temporary workman may be terminated without giving any notice or pay
in lieu thereof.
(d) The services of a workman shall not be terminated (dismissed) for an act of misconduct
specified under Section 21 of these Standing Orders unless he/she has been given an
opportunity to explain the charges alleged against him/her and a departmental enquiry is held.
(e) No probationer is entitled to any notice or pay in lieu thereof on his/her termination of service
on the ground of unsatisfactory performance or failure to achieve the desired work standard
within the prescribed period of probation.
(f) Notwithstanding anything contained in these orders, no notice shall be necessary if

termination of service is under an agreement/undertaking which specifies a date for such
termination.
(g) When the employment of any workman is terminated, all wages and other dues earned and
unpaid shall be paid to him/her before expiry of the second working day from the day on which
his/her employment is terminated.
20.0 Conduct:
20.0 CONDUCT:-
(a) No workman shall take any secret/classified document, books, drawings, photographs or any
property of the Company out of the premises of the Industrial Area or fenced area or any office in
which he/she is engaged provided that this provision shall not apply to those workmen who are
specially authorised in writing by the Management to take such materials out of the said
premises.
(b) No workman shall be permitted to take notes, drawings or sketches of any Plant, process or
work or keep copies of
classified official documents with him/her.
(c) No workman shall write to any person including a co-worker or communicate to newspapers,
journals, books, pamphlets or disclose or cause to be disclosed or discuss at any place or at any
time during the service in the Company, any information or documents (except the Company's
published materials), official or otherwise relating to the functioning of the Company except with
the approval of the Management.
(d) No workman shall sublet his/her allotted accommodation to another workman of the
Page 19
Company or to an outsider.
(e) No workman shall use the Company's name or properties or premises for his/her personal
benefit.
(f) Except in the official discharge of his/her duty, no workman shall disclose during his/her
service career any secret or information about the cost of production of any or all of the
Company's products, of purchases made or contracts entered into by the Company, information
relating to settlement of claims by the Company or any other information, or trade or business
secret.
(g) A workman during the whole tenure of the service shall devote his/her time and attention to
the work of the Company during working hours and shall in all respects act according to the
lawful orders and directions issued by the immediate superior and the regulations framed by the
Management and obey orders and faithfully serve the Company and shall use his utmost
endeavour to promote the interest thereof and serve the Company at the appointed place or
places and in such capacity the Company may decide from time to time.
(h) A workman shall not directly or indirectly engage in any other whole-time or part-time
profession or business or enter in the services of any other employer and shall not have any
financial dealing with any person, or firm etc. having business relations with the Company, for
purchase or sale of any material, equipment or supply of labour or for any other purpose.
(i) A workman should at all times conduct himself/herself soberly and temporately while on duty
and shall use his/her best endeavour to promote the interest of the Company.
(j) A workman while leaving the service owing to termination, resignation from the service,
dismissal, retirement etc. shall vacate the residential accommodation allotted to him/her, with
all its accessories as per the rules of the Company within 30 days of leaving the Company's
services.
(k) A workman proceeding an Annual Privilege Leave shall handover charge of all records, papers
etc. before he/she proceeds on leave.
21.0 Disciplinary actions for misconduct:
21.1 Misconduct :-
21.1.0 Without prejudice to the general meaning of the term 'misconduct' the following acts and
ommissions shall constitute specific misconduct on the part of a workman.
21.1.1 Wilful insubordination of disobedience or refusal to obey on the part of a workman,
whether alone or in combination with another or others, of any lawful or reasonable order of a
superior.
21.1.2 Theft, Fraud or Dishonesty in connection with the Company's business or property or the
aid, assistance or abetment thereof directly or indirectly whether alone or in combination with
others.
21.1.3 Causing disruption to work in progress or sabotage or wilful damage to or loss of the
Page 20
Company's goods or properties.

21.1.4 Taking or giving or demanding bribe or any illegal gratification, whatsoever in connection
with the Company's business or otherwise.
21.1.5 Habitual absence without leave or permission. Habitual late attendance or leaving work
place early.
21.1.6 Drunkenness, intoxication, riotous or disorderly behaviour during working hours or any
time outside in relation to the Company's work/business/function or personnel.
21.1.7 Any act subversive of discipline during working hours or any time outside in relation to
the Company's work/business/function or personnel or any other act subversive of discipline
which aims at coercing the Management into conceding any request/demand.
21.1.8 Habitual negligence or neglect of duties/work or malingering or sleeping on duties or
refusal to carry out his/her job or specified work on a machine which is assigned.
21.1.9 Refusal, negligence or habitual failure to attend to duty punctually or overtime work or
work on any holiday when so required without sufficient ground.
21.1.10 Allowing an unauthorised workman/person to operate his/her
machine/engine or clocking or removing another workmen's clock-card.
21.1.11 Striking work or refusing to work alone or in combination with others, participation in
an illegal strike, organising an illegal strike or inciting others while within the precincts of the
Company or outside to strike work in contravention to the provisions of any law or rules having
the force of law or any contract or in violation of the Company's instructions issued from time to
time.
21.1.12 Wilful go slow tactics either individually or in concert with others or by
inviting/inciting/asking others to do so, slow-down strike in the performance of work,
obstructing the work of other workmen.
21.1.13 Entry into or exit from the Company's premises through unauthorised gate/gates or
passage/passages or unauthorisedly carrying/holding any weapon within the Company's
premises/ housing areas.
21.1.14 Violation of the provisions of the Mines Act, 1952 and the Rules framed thereunder and
the Oil Mines Regulations, 1974 or any Act/Rules/Regulations substituting these as mentioned
hereinbefore in relation to the safety of the Company's men, materials and property or refusal or
failure to obey any Rule, Order or Directive/Instruction for safety measures and safety devises or
Breach of any provisions, rules or conducts of the Standing Orders or any
rules/regulations/instructions or any law applicable either to the Company or to the workmen.
21.1.15 Smoking or using naked light in places where it is prohibited or making nuisance inside
the Company's premises.
21.1.16 Driving a Company vehicle or using the Company's property without permission or
allowing an unauthorised person to do so in contravention of the departmental
rules/regulations.
21.1.17 Confinement of any person including the Officers or the workmen of the Company
within the Company's premises or being present in any assembly or association of
persons/workmen making, calling upon,
aiding or abetting such gherao.
21.1.18 Unauthorised occupation or use of a Company's land or quarter or premises or refusal
to give vacant possession of such quarter, land or premises or subletting an allotted quarter to
another workman of the Company or to an outsider, unauthorised additions, alterations
to the existing Company quarters or erection of any temporary structures/sheds adjacent to the
Company's quarters without written permission from the Company or utilising Company
premises/accommodation for private business with the object of deriving financial gain.
Page 21
21.1.19 Keeping cows, pigs etc. in the premises of the Company's quarter.
21.1.20 Fighting, quarreling or gambling or selling illicit liquor within the premises of the
Company/Oilfield areas/housing/Settlement areas.
21.1.21 Threatening, intimidating, assaulting any workman or officer of the Company within the
Company's premises or outside effecting the good order or discipline of the Company.
21.1.22 Murder or attempt to murder or abetment to murder any person during working hours
or at any other time.
21.1.23 Tempering or attempt to temper any statement, document or figures which may be
prejudicial to the Company's interests.
21.1.24 Misbehaving, molesting or any such action to workman of any sex within the Company's
premises or outside.
21.1.25 Spreading rumours or giving false information or making defamatory statements which
tend to bring disrepute to the Company or its workmen or officers or spreading panic among
them.
21.1.26 Repetition of any act or omission, whether alone or in combination with others,
impliedly or otherwise or any expression causing disrepute to the Company's officers or
workmen or its business activities.
21.1.27 Making false allegation against superiors or fellow workmen.
21.1.28 Misuse of any advance or loan sanctioned by the Company for purposes other than what
was intended or non-compliance with the formalities/conditions stipulated after receiving
advance or loan.
21.1.29 Holding meetings or aiding or abetting in holding meetings inside
the premises of the establishment, offices, Oilfields and
housing/Settlement areas without previous sanction from the
Management.
21.1.30 Collection of unauthorised funds or attempt to collect such funds or persuasion of
others to subscribe to any such funds within the premises of the establishment for purpose not
sanctioned by the Management or money lending or borrowing within the premises of the
Company.
21.1.31 Engaging in or carrying trade or business directly or indirectly with the Company or
engaging in any other whole-time or part-time profession or business or entering in the service of
any other employer or having financial dealing with any person or firm etc. having business
relations with the Company.
21.1.32 Exhibition or distribution of posters, handbills or making writing or marks within the
Company's premises containing statements, signs or expressions prejudicial to the Company, its
Management or its business activities.
21.1.33 Publication in any manner of any statement, signed or unsigned, or expression
prejudicial to the Company, its Management, business activities or officers or unauthorised
communication of official documents or information and disclosure to any unauthorised person,
including fellow workers, of any information relating to the Company's operations and business.
21.1.34 Disclosing to any person any information in regard to secrets or classified information
with regard to trade, working process, business or financial condition of the Company without
authority.
21.1.35 Wilful failure on the part of a workman to inform the Chief Medical Officer of the
Company of any occurrence in his/her house of infections or epidemic disease such as Cholera,
Small Pox, Leprosy, Diptheria, Gerbrospinal Meningities, Plague, Yellow Fever, Typhoid etc.
21.1.36 Writing of anonymous, pseudonymous letters criticising theManagement or any officer.
21.1.37 Indulging in anti-Company activities.
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21.1.38 To be an office-bearer of a political party or an organisation which takes part in politics.

21.1.39 To take part in or assist in any manner in any movement/agitation or demonstration of
a political nature.
21.1.40 To take part in an election to any legislature or local authority; and
21.1.41 To canvass in any election to any legislature or local authority.
21.2 Punishment :-
21.2.1 A workman, if found guilty of any of the aforesaid misconducts, may be punished by the
Head of a Department as follows : -
(a) Recorded verbal warning.

(b) Official warning.
(c) Fine/Deductions from salary to make up whole or part of the loss sustained by the Company,
as per the Payment of Wages (Mines Rules) - 1956.
(d) Stoppage of annual increment.
(e) Withholding promotion.
(f) Suspension without wages for a period not exceeding 20 days.
(g) Reduction/Reversion to a lower grade or post or status or pay carrying lesser emolument.
(h) Dismissal from service without notice or pay in lieu thereof.
21.2.2 If within a period of two years a workman receives two official warnings and commits a
third offence which would normally merit a third warning, he/she shall be liable for discharge,
but will be entitled to file an appeal provided for under the Standing Orders. If the duration
between two warnings is more than two years, the earlier warning shall not be counted for
purpose of this Standing Orders.
21.2.3 The following shall not amount to a punishment within the meaning of these Orders :-
(a) Withholding of increment of a workman on account of his/her work being found

unsatisfactory or not being of the required standard, or for failure to pass a prescribed test or
examination;
(b) Non-promotion, whether in an officiating capacity or otherwise, of a workman, to a higher
post for which he/she may be eligible for consideration but for which he/she is found unsuitable
after consideration of his/her cases;
(c) Reversion to a lower grade post of a workman officiating in higher grade or post, on the
ground that he is considered, after trial, to be unsuitable for such higher grade or post, or on
administrative grounds unconnected with his/her conduct;
(d) Reversion to his/her previous grade or post, of a workman appointed on probation to another
grade or post during or at the end of the period of probation, in accordance with the terms of his
appointment.
21.3 Procedure :-
21.3.1 Imposition of Minor Punishment :- Where it is proposed to impose any of the minor
punishment as specified under Section 21.2.1 (a), (b), (c), (d) & (e) above, the workman
concerned shall be informed in writing of the imputation of misconduct against him/her and
given an opportunity to submit his/her written statement of defence, without holding a
departmental enquiry, to the Head of the Department within a specified period of not exceeding
Page 23
seventy-two hours. The defence statement, if any, submitted by the workman shall be taken into
consideration by the Head of the Department before passing an order.
21.3.2 The record of the proceedings in respect of imposition of minor punishment shall include
(a) A copy of the statement of imputation of misconduct issued to the workman ;

(b) His/Her written statement or defence statement, if any and
(c) The order of the Head of the Department together with reason thereof.
21.3.3 Imposition of Major Punishment:-
(a) No major punishment as specified under Section 21.2.1 (f), (g)

& (h) and Section 21.2.2 of these Orders may be awarded by the Head of a Department unless
the workmen concerned has been informed in writing of the alleged misconduct and is given
opportunity to explain the circumstances alleged against him/her and to adduce evidence, if
any, in his/her favour at a domestic/departmental enquiry to be held for this purpose.
(b) On receipt of workman's explanation wherein allegation/charge is denied by him/her or
he/she does not offer a satisfactory explanation to the allegation/charge, the Head of the
Department shall institute a departmental enquiry to be conducted by an executive of the
Company appointed by him.
(c) In such departmental enquiry the workman concerned will be allowed to produce and
examine witnesses and cross-examine the witnesses produced by the Management. If he/she
desires, he/she may also call a co-worker of his/her choice to represent him/her during the
Enquiry Proceedings. Such workman shall be allowed to examine all the relevant documents
made available in the enquiry. At all stages of the enquiry a workman shall be given adequate
opportunity to defend himself in accordance with the principles of natural justice. On completion
of the Enquiry Proceedings the Enquiry Officer shall submit his report together with the findings
and the Daily Order Sheet to the Head of the Department who has appointed him.
(d) After scrutinising the Report of the Enquiry Officer together with the related Enquiry
Proceedings if the Head of the Department concerned finds that the principles of natural justice
were not adequately observed and/or evidences of either party were not properly adduced in the
course of the enquiry he shall refer the case to the Group Manager concerned who, in turn, if
satisfied, shall order for reopening of the enquiry by the same Enquiry Officer or nominate
another Enquiry Officer, not directly involved in the case, to do so in order to avoid inordinate
delay in disposing of the case.
(e) In awarding punishment the Head of the Department shall take into account the gravity of
misconduct, the previous records, if any, of the workman and any other extenuating or
aggravating circumstances that may exist. A copy of the Order passed by the Head of the
Department shall be supplied to the workman concerned.
(f) During the period of suspension a workman shall not be allowed to enter the work premises
except with the Management permission.
(g) Show Cause Notice, Notice of Enquiry and Advice of Punishment shall be served to a
workman in shortest possible time. If a workman refuses to accept such documents or any other
communication served on him/her in accordance with these Standing Orders, a copy thereof
shall be sent to his/ her recorded address by the Head of a Department or any officer authorised
by Registered Post and another copy shall be displayed on the departmental Notice Board in the
presence of two witnesses and this shall constitute adequate service.
(h) The Head of the Department may suspend a workman pending enquiry and final decision
into the alleged offence shown in a Show Cause Notice if he/she apprehends that the presence of
Page 24
the workman may lead to indiscipline and disorderly behaviour in the establishment/office/work
premises or may endanger the life and security/safety of other workman/workmen or may cause
financial loss to the Company etc. Such Order of Suspension shall be in writing and may take
effect immediately on its delivery to the workman and the Order shall set out in detail the alleged
misconduct and the workman shall be given an opportunity to explain the circumstances alleged
against him/her.
(i) If a workman, as a result of a departmental enquiry, is not found guilty, of the charge/charges
alleged against him/her; he/she shall be deemed to have been on duty during the period of
suspension and he/she shall be entitled to receive the same wages as he/she would have
received if he/she had not been suspended.
(j) Where disciplinary proceedings against a workman are contemplated or are pending or where
criminal proceedings against him/her in respect of any offence are under investigation or under
trial and the employer is satisfied that it is necessary or desirable to place the workman under
suspension, he may, by order in writing suspend him/her, with effect from such date as may be
specified in the order. A statement setting out in detail the reasons for suspension shall be
supplied to the workman within a week from the date of suspension.
(k) A workman under suspension shall be entitled to subsistence allowance as per Rule 17
Schedule 1-A of the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 (Act No. 20 of 1946) and
the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Central Rules 1946.
(l) Where a workman has been convicted for a criminal offence in a Court of Law, the employee
may be removed or dismissed from service without following the procedure laid down in the
Standing Orders.
24.0 Certificate of termination of services:
24.1 Every permanent workman shall be entitled to get a Service Certificate at the time of
his/her dismissal, discharge or retirement from service.
25.0 Liability:
25.1 The Manager of each Mine or the Head of each Department shall personally be hold
responsible for the proper and faithful observance of the Standing Orders.
26.0 Exhibition of Standing Orders:
26.1 A copy of these Orders in English, Hindi and the language of majority of the workmen shall
be posted at the
Manager's/Departmental Head's Office and on a Notice Board maintained at or near the main
entrance to the Industrial area or any other fenced area and at departmental Notice Board, and
shall be kept in legible condition. A copy of these Standing Orders shall be supplied to a
workman at the time of appointment.
27.0 Interpretation:
27.1 If there is any conflict between the Assamese, Hindi and the English versions of these
Standing Orders, the English version shall prevail and be followed. The Deputy General Manager
(Industrial Relations) shall be responsible for proper interpretation of these Orders.
28.0 Amendment or Modifications:

Page 25
28.1 These Orders may be amended or modified from time to time in accordance with the
provisions of the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 and shall take effect as
provided for in that Act.
29.0 Saving:
29.1 Nothing contained in these Standing Orders shall operate in derogation of any law or to the
prejudice of any right under a written contract of service, settlement or award for the time being
in force nor shall any agreement between the employer and the workman prejudicially affect the
rights of the workmen under these Standing Orders.
OIL INDIA LIMITED
GRIEVANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR UNIONISED EMPLOYEES
1.0 OBJECTIVES
The objective of the Grievance Management System for the Unionised Employees of Oil
India Limited is to provide an easily accessible machinery to the employees for redressal
of their grievances and to adopt measures as would ensure expeditious settlement of
grievances of the aggrieved employees leading to increased satisfaction on the job which
result in improved productivity and efficiency of the Company.
2.0 APPLICABILITY
All regular unionised employees working in the Company.
3.0 SCOPE
3.1 A grievance for the purpose of this Grievance Management System for Unionised
Employees would only mean a complaint relating to any individual employee arising out of
the interpretation/implementation of Company policies, rules, regulations, management
decisions, etc. It can include matters relating to wage, leave, career progression &
development, increment, transfer, seniority, working conditions, etc. affecting the said
individual employee.
3.2 However, the grievances pertaining to or arising out of the following shall not come under
purview of the grievance procedure:
a) Any disciplinary action taken under Certified Stand Orders or other applicable
Rules of the Company or under an order from the judicial & law enforcing
machinery and imposition of penalty arising out of such action.
b) General issues pertaining to pay scales, dearness allowance, fringe benefits,

gratuity etc.
c) An issue of grievance of general applicability or of considerable magnitude which

does not relate to an individual unionised employee or raised collectively by the
Page 26
unionised employees.
d) Appeals disposed off once by the Appellate Authority.
e) An issue of grievance arising out of discharge or dismissal of an employee.
f) Annual Performance Report / Confidential reports.
g) Vigilance matters.
h) Matters which are sub-judice.
3.3 An unionised employee shall bring up his/her grievance immediately and in any case
within a period of 3 months from coming to the notice of the employee.
4.0 GRIEVANCE PROCEDURE
4.1 The Grievance Management System for Unionised Employees consists of two channels i.e.
informal and formal. The informal channel includes Personal Discussion and Counselling.
The formal channel includes three stages (including right to appeal) namely
Section/Department Head, Grievance Committee and Appellate Authority. Depending
upon individual's choice, he/she may opt for either formal or informal channel or both.
But in case of formal channel, the individual has to follow the steps enumerated in stages
I, stage II and finally stage III respectively.
4.2 Short-circuiting or by-passing will not be entertained and shall be viewed negatively for
considering the case in future by the concerned authority.
4.3 An unionized employee, if so desires, may take up his/her grievances through the
recognized union as per the existing practice under intimation to his/her HOD. Matters,
referred to and taken up by the recognized union will be dealt separately and shall not
form a part of this system/procedure. No further action will be initiated under this system
on the matters taken up through the recognized union.
5.0 INFORMAL CHANNEL
5.1 Personal Discussion :
5.1.1 Once in a month on a prefixed day as HOD considers fit in accordance with his
convenience, a personal discussion will be conducted by the HOD where efforts may be
made to settle the grievances then and there which are under the delegated authority and
purview of the HOD. The aggrieved employee should approach HOD only after exhausting
his/her reporting channels within the department.
5.1.2 Grievances which require further enquiry or information should be replied within 15
working days.
5.1.3 Such grievance heard and settled during the personal discussion will be recorded and
maintained by the Department with an information to CIRM for record in respective
dossiers.
5.1.4 In case the matter is not resolved at this stage, the employee concerned may resort to the
formal channel if he/she so desires.
5.2 COUNSELLING
5.2.1 Depending on the nature of the grievance, if an HOD, feels that the grievance can be
Page 27
sorted out by counselling, he may refer the aggrieved employee to councellor(s).
5.2.2 While nominating the counsellor(s) his/her/their competence, knowledge of rules &
regulations and inter-personal skills should be kept in view. Depending on the nature of
grievance, a woman counsellor may also be nominated in case the aggrieved is a woman
employee.
5.2.3 The counsellor (s) will help, advise and guide the aggrieved individual whenever the
individual approaches him/her.
6.0 FORMAL CHANNEL
6.1 STAGE - I : HOD
6.1.1 In the 1st stage, the aggrieved unionised employee shall submit his/her grievance to the
Section Head in the prescribed proforma (proforma-I) available in the department. The
Section Head will put up the grievance before the HOD alongwith his comments within 3
working days for the HOD's decision. The decision will be conveyed to the individual
within 30 working days of receipt of the grievance. HOD will be the authority at this
stage and will settle the cases within his delegated power.
6.1.2 In the Projects, the Section Heads will be the HODs and not the Head of the Project. The
Head of the Project will be involved at the 2nd stage.
6.1.3 The details regarding Stage-I are given in Annexure-I.
6.2 STAGE - II : GRIEVANCE COMMITTEE
6.2.1 The details of Grievance Committee ( Stage-II ) are given in Annexure-II.
6.2.2 If the unionised employee is not satisfied with the decision of the HOD under the formal
channel or does not get a reply within the specified period, he/she may forward his/her
grievance to the Grievance Committee within 15 working days of receipt of decision of
HOD. In case of non receipt of any response from HOD, the aggrieved employee may
forward his/her grievance to the Grievance Committee within 45 working days from the
date of submission of his/her grievance to the HOD.
6.2.3 The request to present his/her grievances to the Grievance Committee will have to be
made in the prescribed pro-forma (proforma-II) available in the Department, clearly
stating the reasons for which he/she is not satisfied with the decision, if taken at Stage-I.
A copy of the same must also be given to the HOD.
6.2.4 On receipt of the copy of the request, the HOD will also forward the details of stage-I
alongwith his comments, if any, to the Convenor of the Grievance Committee.
6.2.5 Grievance received by the Grievance Committee shall be examined within 45 working days
from the date of its receipt by the Committee. If required, an interim reply may be given to
the aggrieved unionised employee by the Convenor, in cases where it is not possible to
convey the final decision of the committee within 45 working days.
6.2.6 If the Grievance Committee desires, the committee may also call for personal meeting with
the individual. Minimum two members of the Grievance Committee will form the quorum
for conducting personal meeting, if required, but the contents of the meeting shall be put
up before the Grievance committee for decision. In such case, the unionised employee will
be intimated in advance regarding the meeting and the employee will be granted special
leave with TA/DA wherever applicable as per rules.
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6.3 STAGE - III : APPELLATE AUTHORITY
6.3.1 The details of Appellate Authority ( Stage-III ) are given in Annexure-III.
6.3.2 Appellate Authority for Fields : Resident Chief Executive will be the Appellate Authority
for the unionised employees posted in Fields. Head of IR department at Duliajan will be
the coordinator and provide necessary assistance to RCE in disposing the appeals.
Appellate Authority for Projects & Delhi Office : Director (Personnel) will be the
Appellate Authority for the unionised employees posted in Projects & Delhi Office. Head of
IR& Admin department at Delhi will be the coordinator and provide necessary assistance
to D(P) in disposing the appeals.
6.3.3 An aggrieved unionised employee whose grievance has not been settled after following
normal procedure or who is not satisfied with the decision given by the Grievance
Committee or does not get a reply within the specified period, may forward his/her appeal
to the "Appellate Authority" within 15 working days of receipt of decision of the Grievance
Committee. In case of non receipt of any response from the Grievance Committee, the
aggrieved employee may forward his/her grievance to the Grievance Committee within 60
working days from the date of submission of his/her grievance to the Grievance
Committee.
6.3.4 The appeal to the Appellate Authority will have to be made in the prescribed proforma
(proforma-III) available in the Department, clearly stating the reasons for which he/she is
not satisfied with the decision, if taken at Stage-II. A copy of the same must also be given
to the Head of IR department.
6.3.5 On receipt of the copy of appeal, the Head of IR department will forward the details of
stage-I & II alongwith his comments, if any, to the Appellate Authority.
6.3.6 The appeal pertaining to orders or decisions of Grievance Committee in respect of service
matters of unionised employees where there may be difference in interpretation of rules or
infirmities in logic used or overlooking of any factor or matter of substance shall only be
taken up with the Appellate Authority. However, Appellate Authority will finally decide if
such specific issue involved for the cases to be admitted or not. In case it is decided that
the appeal is not to be entertained the individual unionised employee will be informed
stating the reasons thereof.
6.3.7 The decision of the Appellate authority will normally be taken within 90 working days
from the date of receipt of the appeal.
7.0 GENERAL GUIDELINES :
7.1 If an unionised employee has taken up a grievance for redressal under this procedure, the
concerned unionised employee will not take recourse to legal machinery till all steps in
the procedures are exhausted and the final outcome is not acceptable to the unionised
employee.
7.2 In case the aggrieved unionised employee takes recourse to legal machinery, no further
action will be taken under this system.
7.3 If the grievance arises out of an order issued by the Competent Authority the said order
shall be complied with even if the unionised employee concerned submits his/her
grievance as per the procedure laid down for the redressal of grievances. In other words,
mere submission of a grievance will not entitle the unionised employee concerned not to
comply with the orders issued. The Authority issuing the order may, however, stay the
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implementation of the order till disposal of the grievance at his/her discretion.
7.4 In calculating the time limit prescribed in the Unionised employees Grievance
Management System holidays including weekend holidays shall not be counted.
7.5 In case the Committee fails to arrive at an unanimous decision in settling the
grievance/appeal, the Chairman of the Committee's decision will be final.
ANNEXURE-I
STAGE - I : HOD
a) HOD will be the authority at this stage and will settle the grievances within his delegated
powers. In Projects, the Section Head will be the HOD and not the Head of the Project.
b) The aggrieved unionised employee shall submit his/her grievance to the Section Head in
the prescribed proforma (proforma-I) available in the department. The Section Head will
put up the grievance before the HOD alongwith his comments within 3 working days for
the HOD's decision. However, if there is no section head, the grievance can be submitted
directly to the HOD.
c) The following matters will be decided by HOD within the framework of rules of Company
at his level only (in consultation with other concerned section/department, if need be)
i) Leave matters
ii) Job rotation within the department
iii) Tour & Travels
iv) Job responsibility and authority
v) Working conditions
vi) Matters pertaining to promotion and stagnation relief.
vii) Amenities
viii) Increment
ix) Safety appliances
x) Perceived discrimination within the department
xi) Any other matters related to department under his purview.
d) Decision regarding all the grievance which are within the authority of HOD will be
conveyed to the individual within 30 working days of receipt of the grievance. HOD may
consult other concerned section/department, including Head of IR department at
Duliajan, if he thinks fit.
e) In addition to conveying the decision in writing, the HOD will also meet the aggrieved
employee and counsel him/her irrespective of the grievance being settled or not.
f) The HOD may refer those grievances which are, in his opinion, not within his purview to
the Grievance Committee to deal the matter with an information to the aggrieved
unionised employee.
g) If any complaint by an aggrieved unionised employee is against the HOD, the same may
be submitted to the concerned DGM/GM or Head of the Project, who will either try to sort
it out himself or place the case to the Grievance Committee if requested by the aggrieved
unionised employee.
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ANNEXURE-II
STAGE - II : GRIEVANCE COMMITTEE
a) Grievance Committee will be the authority at this stage. It will settle cases within the
delegated powers of the Chairman of the Grievance Committee. The Committee will meet
once in a month to deal with pending grievances, if any.
b) Grievance Committees will be constituted in Fields Headquarters, Pipeline HQ, Calcutta,

Projects and Delhi Office as detailed under:
c) Fields Grievance Committee (For Fields Headquarters-Duliajan, Moran, Digboi, AP )
Chairman - Group Head of P&A

Convenor - Head of IR department
Members - Concerned HOD/Section head
* Co-opted members - Two (Optional)
ii) Pipeline Grievance Committee/Calcutta Office Grievance Committee:
Chairman - Head of PL / Head of Calcutta Office

Convenor - Head of IR/Admin department
Members - Concerned HOD/Section Head
iii) Project Grievance Committee:
Chairman - Head of the Project

iv) Delhi Office Grievance Committee:
Chairman - SA(Admin, PR & C)

Any 03 members including the chairman & the Convenor will form the quorum.
(*) Depending on the nature of Grievance, a woman member/SC, ST & OBC liaison
officer/a unionised employee, etc. may be co-opted in the committee.
d) The following grievances will be settled at the level of Grievances Committee.
e) Perceived discrimination in matters such as promotion/pay fixation, seniority,

allowances, transfer, etc.
ii) Job related matters, places of posting, nature of work, etc.
iiI) Issues arising out of adverse interpretation of policy, service matters, individual
rights, amenities, interpersonal relationship, etc.
iv) Welfare i.e. housing, educational facility, transportation and medical benefits,
v) Grievances not settled at Stage-I.
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f) If required, the Committee may seek advice/other details/approval from Corporate

Office/Fields Headquarters/Projects for settling the grievances.
g) Final decision will be conveyed to the individuals through their respective HODs. The
individual will be conveyed the decision of the Grievance Committee normally within 45
working days from the date of receipt of the complaint. If required, an interim reply may
be given to the aggrieved unionised employee by the Convenor of the concerned Grievance
Committee, in cases where it is not possible to convey the final decision of the committee
within 45 working days.
h) All grievances referred to the Grievance Committees should be entered in a log to be

maintained for the purpose by the concerned Convenor. The number of grievances settled
or pending will be reported to D(P).
i) The Grievance Committee may refer those grievances which are, in the Committee's
opinion, not within its purview to the Appellate Authority to deal the matter with an
information to the aggrieved unionised employee.
ANNEXURE-III
STAGE - III : APPELLATE AUTHORITY:
a) Appellate Authority for Fields : Resident Chief Executive will be the Appellate Authority
for the unionised employees posted in Fields. Head of IR department at Duliajan will be
the coordinator and provide necessary assistance to RCE in disposing the appeals.
Appellate Authority for Projects & Delhi Office : Director (Personnel) will be the
Appellate Authority for the unionised employees posted in Projects & Delhi Office. Head of
IR& Admin department at Delhi will be the coordinator and provide necessary assistance
to D(P) in disposing the appeals.
b) The appeal pertaining to orders or decisions of Grievance Committee in respect of service

matters of unionised employees where there may be difference in interpretation of rules or
infirmities in logic used or overlooking of any factor or matter of substance shall only be
taken up with the Appellate Authority. However, Appellate Authority will finally decide if
such specific issue involved for the cases to be admitted or not. In case it is decided that
the appeal is not to be entertained the individual unionised employee will be informed
stating the reasons thereof.
c) The Appeals that are admitted will be put up before the concerned Appellate authority
once in every quarter to deal with the pending appeals by the Head of IR department at
Duliajan and Head of IR & Admin department in Delhi.
d) The Appellate authority will examine the appeal in depth and may also provide an
opportunity of hearing to the aggrieved unionised employee, if felt necessary.
e) The Appellate Authority may also suggest suitable measures for prevention of grievances
in the organisation.
f) The Appellate Authority may ask any information/data even confidential in nature from
any department/sphere which must be provided within 15 working days.
g) If required, the Appellate authority may seek advice/approval from Corporate Office for
disposing the appeals. Depending on the implication and magnitude of the grievance
approval may also be obtained from CMD.
h) The Appellate authority will normally take 60 working days to take a decision and the
Page 32
same will be conveyed to the individual through the respective HOD. A copy will be
marked to the concerned sphere/work centre for the individual's dossier.
i) All grievances referred to the Appellate authority shall be entered in a log to be

maintained for the purpose by the concerned coordinators. The number of grievances
settled or pending will be reported to D(P) every quarter.
Page 33
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Chemical Department
FUNCTIONS OF CHEMICAL DEPARTMENT
Chemical Department in Oil India Limited is responsible for all chemical operation and
Laboratory work involved in the Companys function of Drilling, Production, Reservoir
Engineering, Transportation of Crude Oil and LPG extraction. Activities of Chemical Department
includes the following:
1. LABORATORY ACTIVITIES
Various sections of Chemical laboratories are:
a. Oil (Routine) Laboratory

Crude Oil analysis laboratory is engaged in analysis of crude oil samples collected from
producing stream of oil wells, Oil Collecting Stations, newly commissioned wells, workover wells
and in designing of Pour Point Depressant requirement. Laboratory also study & monitor crude
oil quality for transportation to ascertain the pumpability. Crude oil quality assessment for
transaction with customers and crude assay evaluation for price fixation is also major activity of
this laboratory.
The laboratory has facilities to carry out detail analysis of crude oil produced from different
reservoirs and formations for reservoir correlation and characterization. Various types of
petroleum products like HSD, MS, Naptha, Kerosene , Lube oil and Tri Ethylene Glycol are also
tested in this laboratory.
b. Oil (Special) laboratory

Oil (Special) laboratory has been rendering quality services through its state-of-the-art
technology and infrastructure facilities. The section is mainly designated for detail analysis of
crude oil obtained from various newly completed development & exploratory wells being
produced from different reservoirs & formations for reservoir correlation and characterization.
The other important functions of this laboratory are the analysis of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
generally called as condensates obtained from various sources, analysis of HSD, Motor spirit,
Tri-Ethylene-Glycol & Lubricating oil, procured by Materials department for the use in various
installations and field operations, for ascertaining quality and acceptability.
Oil (Special) analysis laboratory is equipped with many indigenous and imported units to render
the above services.
Automatic Cloud & Pour Point Apparatus

Refrigerated Circulator
Brookfield Viscometer
Automatic Distillation Apparatus
Karl Fischer Coulometer
Automatic Kinematic Viscometer
Sediment Content Analyser
Flash Point Apparatus
RVP Apparatus
Simulated Distillation Apparatus
Automatic Density meter
Paraffin Wax Content
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c. Analytical laboratory
Analytical laboratory is engaged in carrying out analytical activities related to pollution
monitoring in and around our operating areas / oilfields by analysis of various water samples
such as produced formation water, oilfield effluent water, domestic / industrial effluent water as
per norms of Assam Pollution Control Board. It has also full-fledged capability for Drinking water
analysis as per Standard specification.
The parameters tested for these purposes are:
The infrastructures available in Analytical laboratory to cater for the above tests in addition to
normal analytical tools are:
Dissolved Oxygen Meter

Oil Content Analyzer
B.O.D Analyser
UV-Visible Spectro-photometer
Flame Photometer
pH meter
Ambient Air Analyser
Moisture balance
SQ-118 Photometer
Autoclave
d. Natural Gas Analysis Laboratory

Natural Gas Analysis Laboratory is engaged for compositional analysis of natural gas produced
from reservoir in the form of associated and non-associated gas. Gas analysis is also done to
determine its calorific value for pricing of gas to sell to various customers. The laboratory has
also capability to carry out compositional analysis of liquid hydrocarbons such as naphtha,
motor spirit, condensate, crude oil etc. through gas chromatographic technique. Dew point
measurement of Natural gas flowing through pipelines is carried out for knowing the moisture
content and subsequent remedial measures for effective gas dehydration to avoid hydrate
formation.
The laboratory is equipped with the following equipment.
1. Natural Gas Analyzer

2. Detailed Hydrocarbon Analyzer
3. Simulated Distillation Apparatus
4. Dew Point Tester
e. Drilling Fluid Laboratory

Drilling Fluid Laboratory is fully equipped for designing and formulating various types of drilling,
completion and workover fluids. The laboratory also conducts drilling fluid analysis for quality
maintenance and monitoring.
The various parameters tested for this purpose includes :
Density / Mud weight Marsh Funnel Viscosity

Viscosity & Gel Strength Low Shear Rate Viscosity
API Fluid Loss HP-HT Fluid Loss
API Sand Content Oil & Solid Content
Low & High Gravity Solid pH, Alkalinity, Salinity
Lubricity Co-efficient Extreme Pressure Lubricity Test
Potassium Ion Determination PHPA Determination
Glycol Content Differential Sticking Co-efficient
Shale Density / Shale Factor Methylene blue capacity
Page 36
f. Cement Laboratory
Our Cement laboratory primarily deals with testing of oil well cement (OWC), testing of various
cement additives, formulation and design of cement slurries for all kinds of Oil and Gas wells for
casing and liner cementation with state of the art testing equipment and additives.
We formulate and design cement slurries for:
Primary cement job viz. conductor, isolation, production and liner casing jobs
Squeeze, isolation repair and plug jobs
HPHT well cementation using silica flour, barites, hematite
Micro-matrix cement slurry design for squeeze cement jobs in low permeability reservoir
g. Oil Field Chemical Laboratory

Oil Field Chemical Laboratory is fully equipped to test various oil field chemicals and cement
additives used in drilling and cementation of Oil and Gas wells for their quality assurance and
performance evaluation as per standard and international and national standards. Testing of all
types of Oil Field Chemicals use in drilling & work over fluid as well as water treatment
chemicals. This involves determination of the physical properties , active matter content and
impurities of chemicals and characteristic analytical properties of these chemicals are as per
OILs standard specification and standard testing procedures as per the respective IS
specification.
2. RESERVOIR DATA ACQUISITION LABORATORY

Reservoir Data Acquisition Laboratory is engaged in acquisition of reservoir pressure and
temperature data as well as other reservoir parameters like permeability, skin factor,
productivity index etc.
The Laboratory carry out following Bottom Hole surveys for reservoir management and effective
hydrocarbon recovery.
Static & Flowing Pressure & Temperature Gradient Studies.

Pressure Build-Up and Draw-Down Survey
Pressure Fall-off Tests.
Isochronal and Modified Isochronal Tests
Bottom hole sampling for PVT studies
Infrastructure includes following mechanical as well as state-of-the-art equipment:
1. Amerada RPG-3 Mechanical Gauges

2. K-10 Quartz Electronic Gauges
3. EMR-25 Piezo Resistive Gauges from M/S Kuster
4. Mathey Wire Line Winches
5. Workstations for data retrieval from Electronic Gauges
6. Wofford type bottom hole sampler
7. Mercury free positive displacement sampler complete with sample transfer bench
PVT Studies Laboratory
PVT Studies Laboratory is engaged in determination of Pressure, Volume, Temperature

relationship of black oil and gas-condensate samples under reservoir conditions.
Page 37
PVT Studies Laboratorycarry out the following studies on Black Oil Samples:
Saturation Characteristics
Thermal expansion and Compressibility Studies
PV Relations (CME Study)
Differential Liberation Studies
Viscosity Studies
Flash Liberation Studies
The following studies are carried out on surface gas-condensate samples:
Recombination
Constant Mass Expansion Study
Constant Volume Depletion Study
Generation of P-T Diagram
PVT laboratory is equipped with:
Mercury free PVT set up (Vinci Technology)

Conventional PVT System using Mercury from M/S ROP, France
RUSKA Gas-condensate system for Gas-condensate studies
Petro-physical Studies (Core ) Laboratory
Petrophysical Studies (Core ) Laboratory is engaged in side wall and conventional core
analysis for generation of petrophysical data. These data are utilized by reservoir engineers for
reservoir engineering studies and proper reservoir management.
Studies carried out in this laboratory include:
For Side Wall Core:
Oil and water saturation

Porosity determination by immersion technique
Carbonate content determination
For Conventional Core:
Grain size distribution studies

Air Permeability determination
Porosity determination
Water-oil and gas-oil relative permeability determination
Determination of capillary pressure
Determination of Electrical (a, m, n ) parameters
The Petro-physical Laboratory is equipped with:
For Side Wall Core Analysis
Dean & Stark Extraction System

Modified Dean & Stark Extraction System
For Conventional Core Analysis
Page 38
Core Cutter.
Air Permeameter.
Liquid Permeameter from M/S Vinci
Liquid Permeameter from M/S CoreExport
Beckmann Centrifuge for Capillary Pressure Studies.
Resistivity Meter for Electrical parameters
Rock fluid centrifuge from M/s Temco
3. FIELD ACTIVITIES
Under Field Activities there are two divisions:
1. Drilling Fluid Engineering division carries out the following jobs:

Selection, design and formulation of suitable drilling fluids for all categories of oil and gas
wells - normal vertical well to horizontal wells of different depths and bottom hole
pressures and temperatures.
Provide drilling fluid engineering services for both onshore and offshore drilling operations
in vertical, high angle deviated wells, horizontal wells, J-profile wells, ultra-deep wells etc.
Diagnose various down hole drilling complications and provide solutions to these
problems through experience & expertise.
Provide consultancy services with complete mud proposal in the field of drilling fluid
engineering and select, design / formulate drilling fluid for the above mentioned wells.
Drilling Fluid Engineering division design, formulate and handle various types of drilling
fluids
Bentonite - Barytes - Lignite Lignosulphonate dispersed mud.

KCl -KOH Drispac inhibitive mud.
Low Lime mud.
Saturated Salt water mud.
Oil based mud.
Non - dispersed KCl - KOH - PHPA -PAC mud system.
Low solids PAC - XCD - Soltex mud system.
Low solids Non - Invasive Drilling Fluid.
Solid free Glycol - PHPA - Amine based Drilling Fluid.
Sized - Salt Drilling Fluid.
NDDF system
2. Workover / Completion Fluid Services division:

Workover / Completion Fluid Services divisionprovide reservoir compatible various types of
workover / completion fluids for well recompletion / revitalization of depleted and high pressure
wells.
Sodium Chloride Brine

Sodium Format Brine
Potassium Chloride Brine
Non - damaging Viscous Fluids
Micro Bubble System for Depleted Reservoir (APHRON ICS)
Central Mud Plants :
Department is maintaining three number of central mud plant viz. Shanti Mud Plant, Mud Plant
- 7 and Kathalguri Mud Plant where various types of salt solution are prepared and conditioned
for supply to various Workover and Drilling wells. The leftover workover fluid is brought back by
Page 39
the bowsers and reused in workover wells after reconditioning at mud plants. This not only saves
a huge amount on account of chemicals but also prevents environmental pollution if any.
Well Stimulation Services :
We also provide services for well stimulation with different types of acid formulations to enhance
production, water injection and water diposal in Water Disposal Wells, Water Injection Wells,
Workover Wells, Drilling wells and miscellaneous jobs. For well stimulation / matrix acidisation
the following acids are being presently supplied.
Hydrochloric Acid
Fluoroboric Acid
Hydrofluoric-Hydrochloric Acid Mixture (Mud Acid)
TECHNOLOGY UP GRADATION
Besides the routine activities, the department takes up from time to time additional
laboratory work and field trial for introducing in our companys operations new/updated
oil field chemical and technology, for controlling drilling problems like shale caving, loss
circulation, stuck pipe etc. cementing problems like isolation failure, gas channeling etc.
production problems like water blockage, paraffin blockage, sand ingress, formation
damaged etc.
Chemical Department is also taking initiative to study corrosion problems in various
installations of the company
HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS USED IN OIL
A hazardous chemical is defined by OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) as

any chemical that is a health hazard or a physical hazard.
Health Hazard
OSHA defines a health hazard as a chemical for which there is statistically significant evidence
based on at least one study conducted in accordance with established scientific principles that
acute or chronic health effects may occur in exposed employees. Chemicals covered by this
definition include carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants,
corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, agents that act on the
hematopoietic system, and agents that damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes.
Physical Hazard
OSHA defines a physical hazard as a chemical for which there is scientifically valid evidence that
it is a combustible liquid, a compressed gas, explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an
oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive), or water-reactive.
While using hazardous chemicals in OILs Operational areas MSDS (Material safety Data Sheet)
of each chemical should be read carefully before using the chemicals. (Few examples of MSDS
given below)
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CAUSTIC SODA / CAUSTIC POTASH
CAUSTIC SODA
Use: pH control in drilling fluid
Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
Extinguishing Media: Non Combustible
Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazard: In water solution caustic soda react with amphoteric
metals such as aluminum generating hydrogen which is flammable/ explosive if ignited.
Health and Hazard Data
Primary Route of Entry: Inhalation, Skin, Eyes
Health Hazards: Acute: May cause tissue damage of upper respiratory tract, lung, skin burn
deep ulceration and severe burn to eyes.
Chronic: May cause superficial destruction of the skin or primary irritant
dermatitis and damage to respiratory tract tissues.
Control Measures
Respiratory Protection : Not essential under normal working condition
Protective Gloves : Use impervious gloves.
Eye Protection : Use goggles or face shield.
Other Protective Clothing : Chemical resistant boot or apron.
or Equipment
Work/Hygienic Practices : Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Use: Used in Acid job
Fire and Explosion Hazard Data

Extinguishing Media: Nonflammable gas
Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazard: Colorless gas or fuming liquid with strong irritating odor.
Health and Hazard Data

Primary Route of Entry: Inhalation, Skin, Eyes
Health Hazard: May cause eye/skin irritation. Inhalation may cause
respiratory tract irritation. May cause bone damage,
Emergency and First Aid Procedure

Eyes : Irrigate immediately. If irritation persists repeat flushing and consult
physician.
Breathing: Respiratory support.
Skin : Wash area with soap and water.
Swallow: Medical attention immediately.
Precaution for Safe Handling and Use

Follow standard SOP.
Control Measures
Work/Hygienic Practices : Use PPE
Page 41
FLAMMABLE GAS
A flammable gasis one which reacts with oxygen whether pure, or diluted as in air, releasing a
large quantity of heat and producing a flame.
N.B.
The word inflammable is synonymous with flammable and does not mean non-flammable.
GAS TYPE
GAS
TOXIC
EXPLOSIVE OXYGEN INERT GAS
CO H2 HC N2
CO2 CH4 HE
H2S C2H2
HCN C2H6
C3H8
Flammable gas may be present in the following type of installation
Drilling Wells
Workover Wells
Production Wells
Oil Tank farm
Oil Collecting Station (OCS)
Gas Compressor Station (GCS)
Gas / Oil pipeline
Cluster Wells
LPG PLANT
Pump / generator where fuel is used
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) of a gas is the minimum concentration of gas or vapour in air in
which a flame can be propagated. Below this concentration the mixture is too lean to burn as the
energy from the combustion of one molecule is dissipated before it can activate another molecule
to propagate the flame.
The Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)of a gas is the maximum concentration of a gas or vapour in air
in which a flame can be propagated. Above this concentration the mixture is too rich to burn; i.e.
oxygen is used up in the combustion of one molecule leaving insufficient oxygen to burn the next
adjacent molecule of fuel. The Lower and Upper Explosive Limits (LEL and UEL) are identical
with the Lower and Upper Flammable Limits. The Flammable Rangeconsists of all
concentrations between the LEL and the UEL.
Page 42
EXPLOSIMETER can be used for the detection of all types of combustible gases and vapors
within the lower explosive limits. It is an automatic detector and it can measure the actual
percentage of flammable gas presence in tested area
A red light will appear with a alarming sound when the

instrument reading reaches 20 or more. This reading means
the presence of methane gas having conc 1% or above
Gas testing should be carried out at minimum possible time intervals throughout the operation.
Some of the selected sites for the gas testing would be:
1) Near to the producing well head
2) Cellar pit
Page 43
3) Rig pump area

4) Chemical Hut
5) Derrick floor
1) In cluster wells or any operational area where the probability of finding flammable gas is
maximum gas testing is mandatory
2) Accurate gas testing indirectly helps in increasing the productivity
3) Sincere gas testing can save the installation as well as precious Human life
Toxic Gas Risk
Gases and vapours released from oil, gas and petrochemical processing activities can, under
many circumstances, have harmful effects on workers exposed to them by inhalation, being
absorbed through the skin, or swallowed. People exposed to harmful substances may develop
illnesses such as cancer many years after the first exposure. Many toxic substances are
dangerous to health in low ppm (parts per million) or even ppb (part per billion) concentrations.
Given that 10,000 ppm is equivalent to 1% volume of any space, it can be seen that an extremely
low concentration of some toxic gases can present a hazard to health.
Gaseous toxic substances are especially dangerous because they are often invisible and/or
odourless. Their physical behaviour is not always predictable: ambient temperature, pressure
and ventilation patterns significantly influence the behaviour of a gas leak. Hydrogen sulphide
for example is particularly hazardous; although it has a very distinctive bad egg odour at
concentrations above 0.1ppm, exposure to concentrations of 50ppm or higher will lead to
paralysis of the olfactory glands rendering the sense of smell inactive. This in turn may result in
the assumption that the danger has cleared. Prolonged exposure to concentrations above 50ppm
will result in paralysis and death.
HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S)
Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless, flammable, extremely hazardous gas with a rotten egg smell.
Some common names for the gas include sewer gas, stink damp, swamp gas and manure gas.
OCCURRENCE:
It occurs naturally in crude petroleum, natural gas, and hot springs. In addition, hydrogen
sulfide is produced by bacterial breakdown of organic materials and human and animal waste.
HEALTH HAZARD:
Hydrogen sulfide is both an irritant and a chemical asphyxiant with effects on both oxygen
utilization and the central nervous system. Its health effects can vary depending on the level and
duration of exposure.
Irritate the eyes, nose, throat and respiratory system (e.g., burning/ tearing of eyes, cough,
shortness of breath).
PROTECTION AND REMEDIAL MEASURES:

If the gas is present, the space/area must be ventilated continually to remove the gas.
If the gas cannot be removed, the person entering the space/area must use appropriate
respiratory protection and any other necessary personal protective equipment, rescue and
communication equipment.
Page 44
CARBON MONOXIDE
Carbon monoxide isa odorless, tasteless, colorless and toxicgas. Carbon monoxide is produced
as a by-product of combustion. Any combustion process, fuel burning appliance, vehicle or other
device has the potential to produce carbon monoxide gas. Carbon monoxide is dangerous
because it inhibits the blood's ability to carry oxygen to vital organs such as the heart and brain.
Inhaled CO combines with the oxygen carrying hemoglobin of the blood and forms
carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) which is unusable for transporting oxygen.
Page 45
Geophysics Department
Safe Handling of Explosives
EXPLOSIVES
The Main objective of the geophysics department is to acquire seismic data by conducting 2D
and 3D surveys in different areas as suggested by the Geological and Reservoir (G & R)
department.
Sequence of Seismic Survey Operation
Planning and Simulation

GPS and Control Survey
Implantation Survey
Shot hole drilling
Layout of Cables
Blasting
Data Recording
Directorate General of Hydrocarbons (DGH) Under (Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas)
NELP : New Exploration Licensing Policy

The sub continent has been divided into geographically distinct exploration blocks.
The allotment of these blocks is done by bids in the nature of lease/mining license for
a specified period
The GOVT. still retains ownership control over these areas and enters in to a
production sharing contract with the successful bidder.
OILs Partners
OIL besides bidding on its has joined hands with ONGCL,GAIL & IOC in acquiring blocks
for exploration offered under NELP of GOVT. of INDIA.
* OIL participated in aboard- Libya, Gabon as a operator
Page 46
Activities of Geophysics
Geology & geophysics both works as a leader

Bid evaluation
Leading role in exploration : acquisition, processing, interpretation & special studies for
crude finding for company
Our Aims..
Always aims for minimization of exploration risk.

Our geoscientists are engaged in new research to bring up new technologies in the field
of geophysical area.
Acquisition , processing , interpretation and archival & data management towards
minimization of exploration risk
Our Strengths........
Seismic Data Acquisition. Recording units
Line & Radio Telemetry Recording System

Lined-up with New Latest Cable less Recording system
In-house capabilities to do the seismic survey operationHuge Infrastructure
4000 Channel Recording Capability
Pre-survey Planning & QC Software
Geodetic Survey Units .
HIGH PRECISION GEODATIC SURVEY
A. Electronic Total Stations
B. Global Positioning System
C. Geodetic Data Processing Workstations
D. Differential Global Positioning System
E. Geographic Information System (GIS)
Seismic Data Processing
SGI Power Challenge Hardware
Pro-Max 98.6 for 2D,3D & VSP Processing
Software for AVO, Modeling & Inversion
Near Real Time Processing of Seismic Data
New High Performance Computing Center (HPCC) at R & D Centre
Page 47
Advanced Seismic Data Analysis
SUN Enterprise 3500 Hardware
Geo Frame for 2D & 3D Data Analysis & Mapping
Reservoir Management System
Software for Basin Modeling
Advanced Decision Analysis Tools
Pore pressure studies
Inversion studies
Seismic Data Archival & Retrieval System......
Diplomatic Protocol Transcription System (DPTS)
LTO 3, Latest archival system
IBM 3592 Archival System
A Journey of Geophysics Department......
Torsion Balance Gravity Survey : 1925

Seismic Survey with Paper Records : 1934
Aero-magnetic Survey : 1952
2D Seismic Survey with Analog Recording : 63
2D Seismic Survey with Digital Recording : 77
In-house Seismic Data Processing : 1980
In-house 3D Seismic Survey : 1992
New Technology of Seismic equipment : 2001
In-house 4D seismic survey : 2007
Induction of Multi-component seismic survey: 2009
Induction of passive seismic survey: 2011
SEISMIC SURVEY OPERATION:

The objective to get the knowledge of subsurface with in some km. of Depth inside the earth.
Onshore Survey-Dynamite/Vibrator
Offshore Survey- Airgun
Seismic survey is an integrated operation involving sophisticated instrument, electronic

equipment, sensitive explosive materials along with large number of man power and vehicles
Page 48
USE OF EXPLOSIVES IN SEISMIC SURVEY OPERATION :
For discovery of hydrocarbon, seismic survey is one of the common method where explosives
(nitrate mixture) have been extensively used as energy source which may impact on safety of
society and create damage to infrastructure, properties etc. However, seismic operation work
in harsh environments and terrible field conditions but seismic is not hazardous until it is
incorrectly used by persons or handled in rude way. Therefore, all explosives must be
handled and used with utmost care. It is the responsibility of all personnel who handles
explosives to know and follow recommended safety practices.
Any private or government organization, those are engaged for the manufacture, import, export,
transport, possession & use of explosives, monitored by Indian Government Agency
Petroleum Explosives and Safety Organization (PESO) (A Regulatory Body) Under

MINISTRY OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY (Department of Industrial Policy and
Promotion)
OBJECTIVE
Control over manufacture, import, export, transport, possession for sale or use of
explosives.
To adopt the Safe Statutory Procedures.
THE EXPLOSIVES ACT-1884
THE FIRSTEXPLOSIVES ACT-1884:
Extends to whole of India and is meant to regulate the manufacture, possession, use, sale,
transport and importation of explosives
AMMENDED IN 1983 AND KNOWN AS EXPLOSIVES RULES-1983
SUBSEQUENTLY AMMENDED IN 2008 KNOWN AS EXPLOSIVES RULES
Explosives
An explosive is a substance or a mixture of substance, which is in stable equilibrium for the

purpose of transport, handling and storage. However, if subjected to severe shock, the
equilibrium is disturbed and it result in a violent release of energy in the form of shockwave or
elastic wave.
DETONATOR
A Detonator is a device used to trigger explosives.

Detonators can be chemically, mechanically or electrically initiated, the latter two being
the common
There are three categories of electrical detonators; Instantaneous electrical, short period
delay (SPD)and long period delay (LPD)detonator
SPDs & LPDs are measured in milliseconds and seconds Respectively
Safe use of explosive in Oil Exploration: An article published in Journal of Society of

Petroleum Geophysicists, Duliajan Chapter, by SHRI V.KARA
Page 49
As explosives and detonators are most dangerous Need to care most

The main objective of safe use of explosives in seismic survey operation is to render zero
to near zero accidents
In order to create safe management, a seismic operation needs to adopt the safe statutory
procedures formulated by PESO.
Safe Operating Procedure (SOP) has been taken up in OIL.
Adopt to HSE Management System
Safe Operating Procedure (SOP)
SOP is an attempt to frame guidelines for safe working environment by persons engaged in
geophysical operations about the safety taken during survey, drilling, shooting, and storage of
explosives.
Responsibility:
Departmental HSE officer Party Manager HSE officer
Safety Management System A brief analysis about:
Hazard analysis
Risk evaluation
Statutory provision / organizational standard and procedures
Control Structure /Organizational Responsibility
Implementation and Monitoring
Audit and Review
Explosives Magazine
A safe place to store the explosives & detonators separately as per safety distances is
known as EXPLOSIVE MAGAZINE.
Permanent Explosive Magazine
*Portable Explosive Magazine
Both types of magazines should be approved by Chief Controller of Explosives,
PESO, Nagpur
Capacity of Explosives Magazines
Permanent Explosive Magazine:-
JORAJAN- 35,000Kg 40,000Nos.
DIGBOI -10,000Kg 10,000Nos.
*Portable Explosive Magazine
Moran, Teok & Sadiya: 5,00Kg & 2,000 Nos.
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Statutory Rules .
The choice of magazine site requires consideration for safety and other risks in addition to
statutory safety norms. The site is generally located in remote areas. No objection
certificate is to be obtained from the concerned district authorities for storage of
explosives.
The store house is built of bricks, concrete.
Safety distances from dwelling houses, power lines, roads, water ponds, tube wells etc.
are maintained as per specifications. The safety distance is depends upon the quantity
and type of explosives to be stored.
The site and the store house have the prior approval of district authorities and the chief
controller of explosives.
Proper licenses are obtained for the storage of explosives and detonators from the
competent authorities.
The premises of the licensed magazine are kept locked and the magazine is guarded round
the clock by armed guards.
Fire extinguishers & other fire fighting arrangements as per requirement are to be
available
Proper lightening conductors are provided to the building and checks for being in working
order are conducted.
Smoking, carrying match sticks, lighters etc. Are strictly prohibited in and around the
premises of the magazine.
Explosives and detonators are stored separately in the magazines as per explosive
regulations.
No vehicles, whatsoever, are allowed inside the premises of the magazine.
Warning in bold letters is displayed to make people aware of hazard as per rule.
Explosives from main magazines are issued to the different field parties for their use
during field season.
Proper accounts are maintained & verified by the competent authority on a routine basis.
Magazine is under strict CISF security.
Magazine is having capacity to store 35,000 kg explosive and 44,000 nos. Detonators
Stored inside the magazine in suitable racks.
Separate rooms for explosives and detonators.
Entire stock is kept under lock and key.
Lock is sealed by CISF with signatures of CISF and departmental representative after
every transaction.
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Key is kept at industrial gate under CISF custody.
Key can be taken from industrial gate by authorized personnel of the dept. only.
SECURITY ARRANGEMENT
As per requirement of various field parties and as authorized by HOD, explosives and
detonators are sent to the parties in separate licensed explosive vans & jeeps under
security escort from Jorajan to camps.
From camp to field, explosives and detonators are sent under security escort up to motor
able road. Beyond that, these are carried manually up to the point of consumption again
under security escort. Leftovers are returned to camp.
In the field, precautionary measures are taken for safety and security.
The explosive is primed, loaded and blasted in front of security personnel at the point of
consumption in field.
Daily consumption and stock reports are maintained at camps with information to dept
office.
In dept, statutory explosives reports are maintained and submitted to planning dept for
onward submission to EXPL authorities. These reports are separate for each magazine
and for each vehicle with EXPL carrying license.
Safety norms while using Explosives in Field
No remote communication device is used while priming explosive.
Proper safety distance (500Mts) from residential area to the portable magazine is used in
field camps.
Proper fire preventive measures and Lighting arrangements are maintained.
HANDLING OF EXPLOSIVES......
Only authorized persons having valid shot firer permit are allowed to handle
explosives.
The permit holder only can checks and records the quantity of explosives stored in the
magazine and quantity being issued. The balance is invariably tallied in the morning
and in the evening after operations.
Smoking is not allowed in the proximity of the working area.
Detonators are always kept in wooden boxes which are locked. a detonator is taken
out from the box just before its use.
The explosives and detonators are carried to the hole separately. The charge is primed
only just before lowering of the explosive in the hole. The primed charge is never left
exposed on the ground.
The end of detonator leads are kept shorted till it is taken up for blasting to avoid any
electrical induction.
hand set using batteries for voice communication are not operated within 10 meters
where priming/handling of the explosives and detonators is being carried out
Wooden or brass picker is used for punching a hole in the cartridge so that the
detonator is inserted easily.
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The holes which have been charged with explosives are not left unattended till the
blasting is complete. No one is allowed within 55 meters of a charged hole.
The work is suspended on cloudy days when there is lightening and thundering.
All persons handling explosives wear red colored apron/shirts.
All other vehicles are parked minimum 60 meters away from the place where charges
are made. Unauthorized persons are not allowed in this unsafe zone.
The blasting operations are carried out during day time and no operation is
undertaken after sunset.
No smoking, sources of fire or electricity etc. Are permissible near the operation areas.
Adequate warning is given to all the persons employed in the area by use of warning
signs like red flag etc. And audible sounds before the shots are fired.
Precautions are undertaken if shots are blasted near public roads, houses, railway
lines etc.
In case of misfire, no attempt is made to re-bore or tamper the hole that was charged
with explosives. In such cases no person is allowed to approach a misfire site until it is
exploded or a safe period is elapsed. Such explosives are fired, whenever possible by
use a fresh primer.
The firing line is connected to the blaster only with the instruction of the observer.
Moreover, the continuity of the firing line is checked only with suitable devices
designed for the purpose.
Adequate means of communication are provided between the shooter at the shot point
area and the observer in the recording instrument.
The observer does not fire unless he is satisfied by his communication with shooter
that the conditions are safe for firing.
The blasted holes are filled up by mud after the work in order to avoid any untoward
incident.
The shooter as well as the observer in instrument van are at a distance of minimum 55
meters away from shot point and the instrument van is parked in a direction opposite
to place where explosives is to be tied/primed.
ACCOUNTS OF EXPLOSIVES & DETENATOR
These days ONLINE quarterly return of explosive & detonators (i.e consumption, received,
transfer, stolen etc.) are to be submitted to the PESO website within stipulated time (i.e.
on or before 10th. Of each quarter).
How to Monitor Explosives and Detonators ?
Daily entry register (i.e. transfer consumption, received) at Jorajan Magazine

Daily entry register (i.e. received, consumption, return) at respective camp
Daily entry in DPR in Geophysics Dept.
Prepare comprehensive log sheet by Jorajan Magazine In -charge
All above should BE matched and filled up in PESO website.
DANGER FOR EXPLOSIVES
FISH FORMULE
Page 53
F - FRICTION
I - IMPACT
S - STATIC
H HEAT
ANNEXURE - I
Fencing area
15m 15m
PROPOSED
B
15m
CAMP SITE
1.5m
ONE B & ONE S TYPE S
Gate
PORTABLE MAGAZINE
15m
Security
80m
Guard
Not to Scale
Figure 1 : Sketch map showing layout of portable magazine
Category of Explosives Type
Deals with safety distance categories of explosives according to the risk which they
present when initiated.
CATEGORY X : those explosives which have a fire or a slight explosion risk or both but
the effect of which will be local.
CATEGORY Y : which have mass fire risk or a moderate explosion risk but not the risk
of mass explosion.
CATEGORY Z: those explosives which have mass explosion risk and major missile
effect.
CATEGORY ZZ: which have mass explosion risk and minor missile effect.
*** The Chief Controller of Explosives will decide whether any explosive belongs to
which category.
CLASSIFICATION OF EXPLOSIVES
1. CLASS 1: GUNPOWDER
2. CLASS 2: NITRATE MIXTURE
3. CLASS 3: NITRO COMPOUND-
Page 54
Division 1: Blasting Gelatine, Special Gelatine, Open Cast Gelatine, Ajax, Unisax, Solijex
etc.
Division 2: Primex, Seismex, Primers, Gun Cotton, PEMT.TNT
CLASS 4: CHOLARATE MIXTURE
CLASS 5: FULAMINATE
CLASS 6: AMMUNITION
Division 1: Safety Fuse, Fog Signal, Igniter Card, Connectors, Electric Lighter, Safety
Electric Fuse, Safety Cartridges for small arms.
Division 2: Plastic Ignitor cord, Cordtex, Detonating fuse, Electric fuse, Fuse Igniters
Division 3: Detonators etc.
Packing of Explosives
Packing of explosives, marking of packages and weight of explosives are to be done as

per section 8, 9, and 10 respectively of explosive manuals.
Various precautions to be undertaken in handling explosives are listed in section 12 of
explosive manuals.
Transport of Explosives
The maximum quantity of explosives transported shall not exceed 10 tones.

If transported by boat it should not exceed 22.5 tones.
Every explosive shall not be loaded and unloaded at a safe distance from the station
buildings, passengers platform, dwelling houses etc. Or places where persons
assemble.
The carriage has to be in charge of a competent person (sec. 40)
No person can transport any explosives on any road where such road is specifically
prohibited for plying vehicles carrying explosives.
No person can transport in road van unless such vehicle is licensed under rules
While loading the explosives in the vans the in charge will ensure that the explosives
will not move & will be protected against friction etc. During the course of transport.
Loading & unloading the explosives will only be done once the engine of the vehicle is
stopped, the wheels choked and the hand-break is applied.
No person can transport explosives in a towed vehicle.
Our activities require transportation of explosives and detonators from the main
magazine to the portable magazine established in the working area and between the
portable magazine to the working site and back on a day to day basis, by road.
Explosives and detonators are always carried separately in specially designed road-van
and licensed by the CCE.
The transport vehicles display danger and no smoking signs and the word
explosives is boldly displayed. Explosives vans are painted in aluminum and red
color.
Two chemical fire extinguishers in each van should be provided
Page 55
All electric wirings and battery cables etc. of the vehicle are to be fully Enclosed and
maintained in good Operating conditions.
The vehicle is to be regularly checked and serviced.
Routes passing through dense habitation are avoided to the maximum possible extent.
The original license for van or its attested photo copy is always carried in the vehicle.
Batteries, dry cells and other sources of electrical energy are not carried in the vehicle
carrying detonators.
Safety is must from the legal point of view in order to avoid attraction a prosecution or
penalties
CONCLUSION
The present day scenario demands that utmost care be taken while handling
explosives.
As explosives can create great injury to men and material in the event of an accident.
Person (s) handling explosives should be vigilant enough and should inculcate in them
safe working habits.
They should work in patience while handling explosives and should avoid unnecessary
haste.
A little negligence can cause irreversible and irreparable losses. Hence it must be
ensured that safe working habits and practices are strictly followed, without any
lapses, whatsoever.
Page 56
Production OIL
INTRODUCTION
Oil occurs in porous rock underneath the earth surface. It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons
produced in liquid form. Communication to the porous rock from the earth surface is established
by drilling a well into the formation and completing the same with necessary casing, tubing and
well head equipment. From the formation, Oil flows in association with natural gas and
occasionally with water. Crude oil produced in association with water is called wet crude and
that without water is called dry crude.
PRODUCTION OIL DEPARTMENT AND ITS ACTIVITIES:
The Production (Oil) department is responsible for producing crude oil and associated gas as per
target fixed by MOP and NG and is also responsible for delivering the produced crude oil to
Pipeline at Duliajan and Moran for onward supply to various refineries. The Department is also
engaged in the implementation of pressure maintenance and Secondary Recovery plans involving
injection of water and polymer solutions etc. for efficient management of the producing
reservoirs. Some major activities of the production oil department are:
New/work over well completion and testing

Operation and maintenance of production installation: OCS, EPS & QPS etc.
Daily Well monitoring & maintenance
Design, Operation and maintenance of artificial lift system like Gas lift, Rod pumping,
Submersible Pumps etc.
Handling and safe disposal of produced formation water
Pressure maintenance and secondary recovery: Operation and maintenance of Water
Injection Stations and water injection wells
Well servicing operations: Work-over activities including various well stimulation services
Static and portable Boiler Operation under Utility Section
Troubleshooting and Optimization studies, reservoir management and performance
analysis
Planning, budgeting and procurement of equipment and services
Tank Farms operations & Crude oil Custody Transfer etc.
Administration and Human Resource Development
Various HSE activities viz. activities related to compliance of various directives of different
statutory bodies like OISD, SPCB, CPCB and many others.
OIL PRODUCTION, OCS OPERATION AND WELL MAINTENANCE
1.1 Completion of New Wells and Initial Testing: The job of Production Engineering starts
after the oil string casing is landed on the slip seal assembly. The well is then completed with
necessary tubing and wellhead fittings like Hanger flange, X-mas tree etc. After completion of
perforation the well is initially tested to evaluate the nature/behaviour of the well and then the
well is to be brought into regular production within earliest possible time.
Page 57
Once the initial testing is completed the well is ready for regular production. A typical schematic
of well head and down hole completion is shown below:
1.2 Oil Collecting Stations: Well fluid from different wells are led to a central gathering unit i.e.
to Oil Collecting Stations, through individual pipe lines called flow lines. An OCS is equipped
with various facilities to enable separation of well fluid steam into oil, gas and water. We have at
present 20 nos. of OCSs in Naharkatiya, Jorajan and Moran field. Additionally, we have several
Early Production Setups (EPS)/Quick Production Setups (QPS) for producing the wells in out
step areas of OILs operational fields. Based on the nature and pressure of producing wells, the
wells are connected either to high-pressure dry, high-pressure wet or low-pressure dry or low-
pressure wet manifolds. The oil and gas mixture is then subsequently heated in indirect heater
or steam jackets prior to routing them through a series of separators.
Oil and gas separation is carried out in multiple stages. The basic reason behind multistage
separation is to have better separation and better efficiency. The gas produced in separators
above 250 psi is collected separately and is allowed to join the distribution net-work which
connects all the existing OCSs. The gas produced in low-pressure separators in collected in LP
Master Separators and is transported to nearby GCSs (Gas Compressor Station) for further
boosting to 250 psi and connected to distribution network. Wells producing water are produced
separately in three phase separators and Emulsion Treaters, where free water and water in
Emulsion is knocked out by thermo-chemical method. Oil thus produced in the dry and wet
systems is allowed to stabilize in the stabilizer vessel before it is put into storage tanks of the
OCS. Crude oil thus produced is transported to central tank farm for onward supply to
refineries.
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OCS-Layout
1.3 Artificial Lift: With the aging of the field and the depletion of reservoir pressures the wells
cease to flow at their own pressures and the wells therefore require artificial lifting. Some of the
artificial lift methods adopted by OIL are Gas- lift sucker Rod Pumps, Electric Submersible
Pump, Jet Pump etc. However Gas-lift completion is the predominant method adopted by OIL.
More than 90% wells which are on artificial lift are completed with Gas-lift assistance.
Some Major Forms of Artificial Lift
1.4 Handling And Safe Disposal Of Produced Formation Water: Formation water is the water
that is produced along with crude oil from producing wells. After separation in an OCS, the
formation water is disposed off in the Water Disposal Wells after initial treatment
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Schematic Of Formation water handling & disposal System
1.5 Pressure Maintenance and Secondary Recovery: With continued withdrawal of

hydrocarbon, reservoir pressure declines thereby reducing productivity of the reservoir. In order
to arrest this decline water is injected into aquifer underlying the producing zones. In addition
we have also adopted water/polymer flooding and other EOR (Enhance Oil Recovery) schemes to
maximize recovery from the reservoir. At present there are nine water injection stations in
operation and is injecting more than 8000 kls of water per day.
1.6 Maintenance & Servicing Of Oil Producers And Flow Line: The crude oil produced in the
oil fields of Naharkatiya and Moran is highly paraffinic. The wax gets deposited layer by layer
inside the tubing wall, thereby restricting/ Plugging the flow area of the tubing. Thus the
producing wells are needed to be cleaned regularly a process, which is called de-paraffination.
In our organization de-paraffination of tubing is generally done by a mechanical means either by
light scraping method (if the wax deposition is less) or by heavy scraping methods (if the wax
deposition is severs).
Wax deposition also occurs on the inner walls of the flow lines. Of late we have successfully
introduced some technology like Bottom Hole Heaters, Magnetic Fluid Conditioners, Chemical
and Microbial Treatment to combat the wax deposition problem in our wells. To combat the
Page 60
waxing problems in the flow lines, Indirect Heaters are installed in strategic location along the
flow line or Mobile Steam Generators for heating the flow lines are used.
1.7 Well Stimulation Services (WSS): Some oil wells need to be stimulated to ensure that these
wells maintain production at desired level.
Well stimulation services like acidization, sand cleaning of plugged tubing, complicated fish
recovery, activation of liquid loaded wells etc. with the help of some state-of- the-art equipment
viz. Coil Tubing Unit, Nitrogen Pumping Unit, Hot Oil circulating unit are often carried out on
the wells as and when required. Well intervention of Sick wells are also sometimes done through
complete Work-over operation as per workover programme.
1.8 Tank Farms Operations & Crude Oil Custody Transfer: Crude oil from various OCSs and
other production installations are centrally collected in the strorage tanks at the Central Tank
Farms located at Naharkatia and Moran. The collected oil is then handed over to Pipeline
department for onward dispatch to the refineries at Digboi, Numaligarh, Guwahati, &
Bongaigaon.
HAZARDS AND SAFETY PRECAUTION:

Due to inflammable nature of oil and gas and also high pressure, these two commodities are
required to be handled with utmost care. There are enormous safety hazards involved and hence
full-scale familiarization of various safety standards and codes is a necessity to ensure safety.
The safety procedures to be followed while working in any production installations or oilwell has
been clearly outlined as statutory guidelines in OIL MINES REGULATION & OIL MINES ACT .
Few of the salient points of the safety regulations are highlighted below.
While well completion adequate safety measures must be followed as mentioned in OIL Mines
Safety regulations. Activities like well perforation shall not be carried out during night hours or
under conditions of lighting, thunder high winds and heavy rain. While well testing it must be
ensured that flowlines are firmly anchored to the ground and adequate fire-fighting equipment is
readily available for immediate use.
No person shall smoke or permitted to smoke within 30 mtrs. of any well, separator petroleum
storage tank or other source of flammable gases.
In every mine no smoking areas shall be clearly marked.
No naked light or open flame or spark shall be permitted within 30 metres of any well or any
place where petroleum is stored.
No flame type treaters, crude oil treater or other flame type equipment shall be placed or located
within 30 mtrs. of any well, separator, petroleum storage tank, except where such flame type
equipment is filled with a flame arrestor.
Flare shall be sited not less than 90 mtrs. from any part of a production installation.
All production installation should have adequate fire fighting equipment and all persons working
in a production installation should be adequately conversant with the procedure of using fire-
fighting equipment within an installation.
All person working in production installation or well serving/commissioning job should wear
protective footwear, protective helmets and other protective equipments like safety belt, hand-
gloves, etc. as per OIL Mines regulations.
While carrying out any operations, adequate measures should be taken to cause or least
pollution of the environment.
No welding or cutting work shall be undertaken by any welder in any classified hazardous area
unless a written permit called Hot Work Permit is issued in a specific form by the
Manager/Installation Manager.
----------
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Production (Gas)
Production gas department at a glimpse:
The Production Gas Department is one of the major revenue earning departments of the
company which is involved in production, compression, distribution, utilization and supply of
Natural Gas. The department through dedicated pipeline network supplies the gas for use as
feedstock and fuel to many thriving industries such as Fertilizers (BVFCL), IOC (AOD) Refinery,
Power Generation (NEEPCO), AGCL, Petrochemicals (APL), and Oils own industrial and domestic
use and various Tea gardens. The gas is also used for production of crude oil of depleted oil wells
by artificial lifting. Due to the increased demand of environment friendly energy source such as
Natural Gas by the consumers, much emphasis has been given to produce more Non-associated
Gas.
Activities of Production Gas Department
Production Gas Department involves in production, operation, utilization and supply of natural
gas and carries out all the activities required such as separation, compression, transportation,
measurement, computation, monitoring and marketing including developmental activities.
Broadly it has the following objectives:
a) Compression of associated natural gas available from OCSs (Oil Collecting Stations) to
higher pressure at GCSs (Gas Compressor Stations) for the following activities.
Low pressure boosting for feeding to the distribution network.
Dehydration of gas and compression for supplying dry gas at a requisite pressure
to gas lift networks for crude oil production by artificial lifting method.
b) Production of natural gas from Non - Associated Gas (NAG) reservoirs for supplying gas to
consumers along with associated gas.
c) To supply gas for meeting natural gas fuel requirement for various gas fuelled OIL's own
equipment deployed in the fields.
d) Evacuation arrangement to the main grid network of gas from newly developed
/exploration areas for utilization.
e) Development of gas field and production to meet total natural gas requirement.
Different sections of Production Gas Department:
Depending upon work activities to meet the objectives smoothly & systematically, the
department is functioning under different sections as under:
(i) Compressor Operation Section
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(ii) Compressor Maintenance Section
(iii) Gas Field & Utilization Section
(iv) Gas Project
(v) SCADA
(vi) NAGFD
(vii) P & A, IT
HAZARDS IN GAS PROCESSING INSTALLATIONS / GAS WELL:
Gas leakage: Leaks in various pipelines used for gas transportation, gas lift gas, gas injection
etc. and in other production facilities cause gas leakage and condensate spillage. This can lead
to fire and cause pollution in the surrounding areas.
Failure of facilities: Bursting of pressure vessels or pipelines is a potential safety hazard. It may
occur due to operating the facilities above designed pressure or material corrosion/erosion.
Overheating: Overheated surface can cause fire hazard or injury to persons. The probable
sources are the discharge pipe of high-pressure Air and Gas Compressors particularly exhaust
mufflers/silencers and manifolds of Engines /surfaces of chimneys of both heaters and heat
exchangers etc.
Skidding or failure of tools & implements: Failure of tools and implements is a common cause
for sustaining injury during execution of jobs. Failure of cranes used for heavy equipment leads
to bodily injury to persons present at the work site. Skidding of implements like tri-pods used for
lifting pipes and equipment is another source of accident.
Slippery or wet surface: Free fall due to slippery surface is another source of safety hazards.
Accumulation of lube oil , water etc makes surface slippery that leads to free fall. Freezing of
surfaces due to high pressure drop in gas pipelines also makes pipe surface and surrounding
area slippery.
Gas/Condensate discharge due to blowing of safety valves: Gas/condensate discharged from

safety valves creates a hazardous atmosphere. Unless discharge is controlled timely it may cause
fire and health hazards or discharge to be diverted to flare pit through pipe lines.
Accumulation of condensate vapour: Gas condensate vapour exists in the surrounding while
gas is released from a pipeline or when condensate accumulates in pit, cellar, tank etc. The
accumulated condensate vapour is ignited very easily and spreads very fast. In confined space, it
makes the atmosphere deficient in oxygen and cause breathing problem (asphyxiation) and/or
adverse physiological effects.
Fire Hazards: Flammable materials like condensate and gas are always present in a gas
processing installation or gas transportation pipelines and therefore fire hazards exist constantly
in such installations .This calls for strict control of sources of ignition like lights, frictional and
electrical sparks, electric charges, lighting etc.
Page 63
Explosion Hazards : Discharge of large quantity of gas into the atmosphere may cause an
explosion .This may occur in flaring gas , when the flare extinguishes suddenly , but gas
discharge continues .This may also occur in GDU Re-boilers and Gas/Diesel Engines
muffler/silencer.
Blowout: Uncontrolled sudden violent escape of fluids from a well:
SAFE OPERATION PRACTICE:
To conduct TOOL BOX MEETING regularly in each shift for safe operation /
maintenance of the installation and record it.
To check drain system of all pressure vessels in each shift and if the auto drain system
is not working it should be drained manually and inform SCADA and Installation
Manager for corrective action.
To monitor and record all the process parameters of compressors /units and compare it
with tripping set points. If the operating parameters are outside the tripping range the
same should be stopped immediately and inform SCADA and Installation Manager.
To check all the system and to conduct Gas Testing daily. If gas leakage is detected
beyond 20 % LEL the same should be informed to SCADA and Installation Manager for
corrective action.
To ensure use of proper PPE by all personnel inside the installation.
To check work permits if any job has to be carried out by service personnel.
GENERAL SAFETY GUIDELINES:
Report all unsafe practices or conditions to your supervisor immediately.
Report all injuries, no matter how minor, to your supervisor immediately.
Wear personal protective equipment (safety glasses, hard hats, gloves, etc.) as required for
each job.
Wear appropriate clothing for the job.
Never keep or eat food in any area where hazardous materials are used or stored.
Wash your hands after handling hazardous materials especially before eating, drinking or
smoking.
Follow all warning signs and tags; they are for the protection of you and your fellow
workers.
Never remove locks, warning, danger, or lockout tags on any apparatus, valves or
switches unless you placed them and the hazard no longer exists. Consult your
supervisor if someone elses lock or tag prevents work.
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Be sure that operators can always see you when working around heavy equipment,
cranes, or trucks.
Be alert to conditions and work processes in surrounding areas so that you can foresee
and avoid dangers. Be aware of the presence of other employees and equipment.
Do not enter barricaded or roped off areas without appropriate authorization. They are
considered danger zones.
Do not throw or drop materials from one area or level to another unless under special
controlled conditions and permitted by your supervisor.
HOUSEKEEPING:
Follow these procedures for cleaning up spilled materials or liquids:
If you know what the substance is, and you know that it is not hazardous, clean it up
immediately.
If the substance is known to be hazardous, ask your supervisor for specialized

instructions for clean up.
If you do not know what the substance is, try to identify it and contact the Safety Officer.
Maintain a safe distance, and do not clean it up.
Collect rags, packing materials, sawdust and other combustible materials daily and place
in appropriate containers.
Collect objects with sharp edges (scrap sheet metal, scrap glass, bottles, metal cans) and
place in containers that will safely hold the material.
Return all tools and equipment to the appropriate storage area (toolbox, truck, store
room).
Keep all work surfaces dry and clean to prevent slips and falls.
Keep walkways, aisles, roadways and other travel routes clear.
Protect floor openings by providing adequate barriers and covers
Material Handling:
Some Basic Principles Apply To All Material Moving Situations:
Use mechanical means of moving materials when possible.
Maintain all mechanical devices must be regularly.
Store or stack equipment and materials so as not to create falling or tripping hazards.
Permit only trained employees to perform material handling operations.
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Designate, permanently mark, and keep aisle-ways and driveways clear to allow
unhindered passage.
Permit only specially trained and qualified employees to handle asbestos, PCB, and
certain other substances. Refer to the appropriate sections in this manual for safety
guidelines.
Hand Trucks
Dollies, wheelbarrows and two-wheeled hand trucks are best suited for moving heavy or bulky
materials over short distances.
Load materials so that the weight is evenly balanced and the operators' view is not
obstructed.
Ensure cylinder cart is equipped with straps to secure the cylinder.
Push hand trucks (rather than pull) whenever possible.
Powered Hand Trucks
Permit only properly trained employees to use powered hand trucks.
Check to see if the load capacity of the truck is clearly marked. Do not exceed this
capacity.
Ensure the load is properly balanced beforehand; trucks are loaded, and know the weight,
height, and stability of the load in advance.
Personal Protection
1 Wear welding masks, goggles, or other suitable eye protection to provide protection from
harmful rays and flying objects.
2 Cover all exposed skin, including face, wrists, and hands and use flameproof gauntlet, gloves
and aprons. Protective clothing will protect against burns from metal sparks.
3 Woollen clothing provides better protection than cotton because it is less flammable.
4 Use flame resistant leather chaps, high topped work boots and metal screens in front of legs
when necessary. Depending on the type of welding you are performing and the environment
in which you are working, additional types of protective clothing and equipment may be
needed.
5 Isolate welding areas with shields or screens to protect nearby employees. Nearby employees
may also need eye protection.
Safe Practices:
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Guidelines for safe practices in gas processing installations and gas transportation pipelines are
enlisted in the following paragraphs
Safe distances:
Smoking is strictly prohibited within 30 metres of any well, separator, petroleum

storage tank or other sources of flammable materials.
No naked light or open flame or spark is permitted within 30 metres of any well or any
place where petroleum product is processed or stored.
No fired vessel shall be installed within 30 metres of any well, separator, petroleum
storage tank except where such fired vessel is fitted with a flame arrestor.
Flare shall be constructed not less than 90 metres from any part of petroleum
processing or storage installations.
Personal Protective Equipment:
The best way of preventing accidents is undoubtedly by elimination of hazards or controlling the
hazards as close to the source as possible. But it is necessary to provide an important line of
defence to each employee in the form of Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs). Various types of
PPEs as listed below are to be used by the employees while at work at site to safe guard
themselves from the risks/hazards depending upon the requirement .While selecting such PPEs
,various standards, guidelines & rules/Acts etc. must be referred. All Personal Protective
Equipment as the name implies, fit the person in question, otherwise its value becomes purely
cosmetic and the employee is given a false sense of security.
Personal Protective Clothing: The personal protective coating must provide adequate
protection against the specific hazard. The clothing must be light to wear and durable, and
should cause the minimum discomfort but allow maximum mobility.
Eye Protection: Welding goggles/suitable type of safety glasses to be used to protect the eyes as
per the requirement.
Safety Shoes: Every employee at work must wear safety shoes provided by the company.
Ordinary leather/canvas shoes should not be allowed to be used by the employees at work sites
since safety shoes with built in steel toes caps and with steel soles inside the leather ones
protect against accidents caused by heavy objects falling on the feet ,protruding nails , metal
and acid etc.
However special kinds of safety shoes for specific nature of works may be used.
Gloves: The types of gloves required will vary according to the injury to be prevented such as
cut, heat burn, chemical burn & electrical shock etc. Proper gloves as provided by OIL should be
used while at work.
Helmets : It is mandatory and statutory to use helmet to prevent injury caused due to flying
/falling object .Anyone entering into hard hat area should put on a hard hat i.e. helmet.
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Safety belt: Approved type safety belt provided by the company should be used while working
on height. Any other special type personal protective equipment as per the requirement should
be used besides above mentioned PPEs.
Any other special type of personal protective equipment time to time as per the requirement
should be used.
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WELL LOGGING DEPARTMENT
INTRODUCTION
A LOG is the recording of some property (physical or otherwise).
Thus Well Logging refers to the process of data acquisition of physical properties of the rocks
as a function of depth. The property/ measurement may include:
Resistivity, density, velocity, porosity, conductivity temp. and pressure.

Wellbore flow properties
Well completion job
The data recorded are called the Well Logs.
Well Logs reveal a picture of (variations of) physical properties of earth formations as a function
of depth and they are the most universal documents describing oil and gas wells, hence most
valuable Geological data source.
Geologists use them for locating prospective hydrocarbon bearing zones

Geophysicists use them for seismic correlation and interpretation
Reservoir Engineers can locate reservoirs and estimate their hydrocarbon content.
Production Engineers use them to produce the wells in the best possible way.
What are the answers that logs provide??
To locate Hydrocarbons
To identify the Reservoir
Determine the reservoir characteristics : lithology, porosity and hydrocarbon saturation
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Determine hydrocarbon type

Determine the depth and thickness of pay zone
Determine what type of fluid will flow and at what rate
Sample well log.
ABOUT THE DEPARTMENT
Well logging department was established in the year 1979. The department was set up with two
objectives.
1) To establish and develop the in-house well logging capabilities of Oil India Limited
2) To stop the outflow of U S dollars available with the Government of India
After a modest start, the department has grown over the years and now has the capability to
cater for most of the Well Logging jobs in Oil India Ltd. The department with the base in Duliajan
mostly offers its services to the oil fields in Assam. The department also has been offering its
services in various oil & gas fields in Arunachal Pradesh, Rajasthan & Orissa.
Well Logging is a fast changing technology and it is a big challenge for the department to remain
competitive in the dynamic business environment. The department imports almost all of its
units, tools and equipment from abroad. It has been a constant endeavor for the department to
use the world class units, tools and equipment having the state of the art technology.
The department has five sections, namely
a) Open hole section that records the properties of downhole formations and collect samples
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b) Cased Hole section that offers perforation, plug / packer setting, production logging, pipe
recovery services
c) Maintenance section that offers back up preventive and breakdown maintenance services to
the logging units, tools and equipments
d) Interpretation section that interprets the data from formation evaluation and production
logs
e) Planning & Administration that offers logistic support to all types of operations and does
procurement and other back up services
OPEN HOLE SECTION
Open Hole section of Well Logging Department caters to in-house open hole logging requirement
of the company. It is equipped with state-of-art integrated truck mounted wireline logging
systems (LOGIQ-B & WARRIOR) having dual surface mounted workstations for redundancy,
double drum and Digital Telemetry for data communication. These units which are basically
Halliburton units because of its technical superiority offers reliable uninterrupted operation in
tough conditions. The section possesses all kinds of tools starting from formation evaluation
tools, borehole imagers, sidewall coring tools etc. These tools which consists of sophisticated
electronics require special handling. And hence, the section's strength lies in the mix of human
resource that it has. The group consists of geophysicists and electronics engineers who are well
trained internationally by reputed logging companies like HLS Asia and Halliburton.
As current exploration and development business is becoming more and more complex, the
emphasis is given on reducing cost and increasing efficiency. For this to happen high quality
data needs to be acquired and analyzed to get the basic answers related to reservoirs.
The questions posed before us are
What does the reservoir contain: water, oil or gas?

The quantity of hydrocarbon?
The location of hydrocarbon?
The lithology of formation and its properties?
The open hole section with the help of state of art tools and its expertise in acquiring quality
data is helping the company to evaluate the formation properties accurately. The department
possesses tools by which formation properties such as resistivity, density, porosity, lithology and
borehole geometry can be known. Tools such as SWC (Side wall coring tool) helps in obtaining
cores from various desired depth. These cores are then sent to lab and then analysed to get the
properties of the formation and saturation of oil. The department also has borehole imager tool
with very high vertical resolution helping in the analysis of very thin zone of interest. Data
acquired by sonic tool can assist in geo-mechanics studies of formation.
The basic Open hole logs are:
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SPONTANEOUS POTENTIAL LOG

SP currents originate principally through the electrochemical effects of the salinity
differences between the borehole fluid and the formation water. SP log is used to calculate
formation water resistivity, lithology identification and identifying tight formations.
GAMMA RAY LOG

Natural formation gamma radiation comes from radioactive isotopes of uranium, thorium
and potassium.
There are two types of Gamma tools: gross gamma tool and spectral gamma tool. The
gross gamma tools records the total gamma activity in the wellbore whereas the spectral
gamma tool has a spectral analyzer that identifies the source and gives the contribution of
each of the elements.
The primary uses of gamma ray log are correlation of well depths & formations, lithology
identification, estimation of shale volume and delineation of bed boundaries.
RESISTIVITY LOG (tool: DLL/HRI)

Resistivity tools are used to measure the resistivity of the formation which is then used to
calculate the true resistivity later. Resistivity tools are broadly of two types: laterolog tools
and induction tools. The selection is made on the basis of the mud-formation resistivity
contrast and the expected formation resistivity ranges.
The uses of resistivity logs are:
* Distinguish between salt-water bearing and hydrocarbon-bearing formations
* Determine true formation resistivity for calculating water saturation
* Estimate invasion diameter
* Indicate movable hydrocarbons
POROSITY LOG (tool: DSNT)

Porosity is measured using Neutron tools. Measurement is based on the principles of
Neutron-Nuclei interaction in the borehole environment. Tool consists of an instrument
section containing the electronics and two neutron detectors.
Porosity log is used in conjunction with density log to identify gas bearing zones.
DENSITY LOG (tool: SDLT)

Density tools is based on the interaction of Gamma rays with formation atoms. Density
measurements are used for porosity determination, lithology identification and for
calculation of water saturation.
SONIC LOG (tools: FWST/WSTT)

Quantitatively, the sonic log evaluates primary porosity of the formation in liquid filled
boreholes. Qualitatively, the sonic log indicates formation lithology. Sonic logs aids
seismic interpretation, identify source rocks, fractures etc. It is also used for correlation.
SIDE WALL CORING (tool: CST GUN)

Purpose of coring is to take samples of a prospective formation traversed by the borehole.
Hollow core barrels propelled by explosives are used to lower to a pre-determined depth
and fired electrically. Barrels with core are retrieved by means of a cable attached to the
main body (the gun). Core recovered are used for:
Porosity, permeability, fluid saturation estimation
Grain size & matrix determination
Gas & oil presence
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INCLINOMETER (tool: IDT)

Inclinometer tools rely on magnetometers and accelerometers to calculate the well
deviation and bearing. Inclinometer surveys are done to verify the drilling progression in
deviated/horizontal wells.
CASED HOLE SECTION
The cased hole section of Well Logging Department equipped with 3 nos. of PC based state of art
logging units with WARRIOR systems for carrying out perforations, well completion operations,
production logging services, pipe recovery services etc. These logging units provide reliable and
uninterrupted service round the clock. Cased hole section has a wireline mast unit for rig less
operations such as PLT, live well perforation etc. As most of the operation carried out by the
section deals with high pressure, explosives, heavy rig up equipments, utmost importance is
given to safety. Engineers as well as employees are given safety training before going to any
operation. The safety training includes general safety, explosive safety and rules, first aid,
pressure safety. The dedication, alertness, and awareness of the group make the operation
accident free and successful.
The variety of operation carried out by the section are:
Perforation (Through Tubing perforation & Casing gun perforations):

Perforation is the process of creating channels between the formation and the casing for
hydrocarbon inflow. Various sizes and types of casing guns and through tubing
perforating equipment for big hole and deep penetration perforation, perforation for
circulation and tubing puncture etc.
Plug Setting, Packer Setting and Cement Dump Bailer Services:
Junk catcher, plug setting, packer setting, cement retainer with baker setting tool (BST) and
cement dump bailer. Plugs and packers are used for zone isolation. Cement dumping is
sometimes done (usually over a plug) to fortify the sealing provided by the plug.
Free Point Survey and Back-Off:

Used to determine the stuck position of drilling pipes, tubings, etc required to maximize
pipe recovery. Dog-leg type free point indicator (FPI) and Back-Off tools are used for this
purpose.
Casing and cement Evaluation Tools / Services :

Used to verify the integrity of cementation in wells. Tools used are CBL/VDL combo tools
and Fullwave sonic tool.
Production Logging survey :

Production logs are used for monitoring the reservoir, analyzing dynamic well performance
and for diagnosing well problems. The tools/measurements available are:
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Continuous flow meter (CFS), Caged fullbore (CFB), Basket flowmeter (DBT), Fluid density
(FDR), Capacitance water hold up (CWH), Temperature (PRT),Quartz pressure gauges (QPS), gas
hold up (GHT), Gamma ray and Casing collar locator tools.
MAINTENANCE SECTION
The well logging department has well established electronics workshop, that provides service to
assist the maintenance of the tools and logging units. It is located within the departmental main
building with essential resources. Diagnostic bench-equipments along with LOGIQ-B system
hardware and problem tracking software (Telemetry interface unit) are used for repair. The state-
of-art tools and equipment have sophisticated electronics, mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic
sections. The maintenance section takes pride of an excellent record in maintaining the logging
tools and equipments. The maintenance engineers are trained by OEM's.
INTERPRETATION SECTION
Well logging department is equipped with sophisticated work-stations / PC based log

interpretation software of Desktop Petrophysics and ULTRA procured from Halliburton, USA.
This facility is used for processing and interpretation of basic log data, interpretation of micro
resistivity imaging tool (XRMI), crossed dipole sonic logging (WSTT) data, formation evaluation
and Petro-physical studies. Kappa Emeruade Production log interpretation software is used for
production log analysis. Log interpretation personnel are trained by experts of Halliburton, USA.
SAFETY AT WELLSITE DURING LOGGING OPERATIONS
For jobs involving explosives, the following safety measures are to be taken:
All mobiles/radio devices are to be shut off.
Logging unit generator must be turned off.
All electrical power to the rig must be cut.
No high-tension electric lines must be in the vicinity.
Explosive jobs should be suspended if there is thunderstorm or lightning.
No welding jobs to be carried out.
During jobs involving radioactive materials, all non-essential personnel are to evacuate the
catwalk and derrick floor and maintain a safe distance as instructed by the job supervisor when
source loading/unloading is being carried out.
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MEDICAL
First Aid for fractures
WHAT IS A FRACTURE??.......
A break or rupture in a bone is called a fracture.
Fracture with swelling
Different types of fracture:
1).CLOSED FRACTURE: - A closed fracture is one which does not produce an open wound in the skin.
2. Open Fracture:
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An open fracture is one where there is break in the skin.
Signs of fracture.
Severe pain
Difficulty in movement
Swelling/bleeding
Deformity
Abnormal twist of limb
CONTENTS OF A FIRST AID KIT
Airway, Breathing and Circulation
First aid treats the ABCs as the foundation of good treatment. For this reason, most modern
commercial first aid kits (although not necessarily those assembled at home) will contain a suitable
infection barrier for performing artificial respiration as part of cardiopulmonary resuscitation,
examples include:
Pocket mask
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Face shield
Contents of a trauma injury kit.
Trauma injuries, such as bleeding, bone fractures or burns, are usually the main focus of most first
aid kits, with items such as bandages and dressings being found in the vast majority of all kits.
Adhesive bandages (band-aids, sticking plasters) - can include ones shaped for particular body
parts, such as knuckles
Moleskin for blister treatment and prevention
Dressings (sterile, applied directly to the wound)
Sterile eye pads
Sterile gauze pads
Sterile non-adherent pads, containing a non-stick teflon layer
Antiseptic agents (like dettol,savlon etc.)
Contents of a first aid kit box
Band-aid First aid kit box
Pocket air mask Hand gloves
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Bandages
Gauze roller bandages - absorbent, breathable, and often elastic
Elastic bandages - used for sprains, and pressure bandages
Adhesive, elastic roller bandages (commonly called 'Vet wrap') - very effective pressure bandages
and durable, waterproof bandaging
Triangular bandages - used as slings, tourniquets, to tie splints, and many other uses
Saline-used for cleaning wounds or washing out foreign bodies from eyes
soap - used with water to clean superficial wounds once bleeding is stopped
Antiseptic wipes or sprays for reducing the risk of infection in abrasions or around wounds. Dirty
wounds must be cleaned for antiseptics to be effective.
First Aid for Open Fractures..
Monitor A B C
A=Airway
B=Breathing
C=Circulation
Gently cut the clothing away and cover the wound with sterile dressing.
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Control the bleeding if any with a pad or a piece of clean cloth by applying pressure.
SPLINTING A FRACTURE
A splint is a solid support applied to the part of the body to stabilize a fracture.
It is the most important first aid in case of a fracture.
All fractures during transportation must be supported with a splint .
HOW IS A SPLINT MADE.???
Effective splints can be made from rolled up newspapers ,magazines,blankets,cardboard or a stick
Place the splint around the injured limb and hold it in place with a necktie, strip of cloth or belt
The general rule is to splint a joint above and below the fracture.
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IMAGES OF SPLINTS..
Splinting a finger..
SPLINTING A FRACTURED HAND
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Modern day splints
Splinting a fractured leg..
Splinting an injured finger.
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Splinting a fractured leg
Splinting two legs together
Splinting a fractured leg.
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Buddy splint.
A splint..
First aid for closed fracture.
Immobilize the injured part (splint the fracture)as mentioned above.
You can tie an injured leg to the uninjured one, putting padding between the legs.
You can tap an injured arm to the chest (if the elbow is bent), or to the side (if the elbow is straight)
placing padding between the body and the
Splinting an injured arm
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How to immobilize fractured jaw??
Apply ice (wrapped in cloth) to the injured area to help reduce swelling
Do not give anything to eat or drink in case an operation is necessary.
Give analgesic anti-inflammatory drugs.
Watch out for signs of shock.
Watch out for signs of shock.
if present:
- elevate the victims feet.
- cover the victim with a blanket to keep him or her warm.
THIS IS HOW TO ELEVATE THE VICTIMS FEET..
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FIRE SERICE
FIRE PREVENTION AND PROTECTION OIL INDIA LIMITED
1. Introduction:
Oil India Ltd. has the most modern state of the art Fire Protection Facilities which are one of the
best available in India. The Fire Protection infrastructure available in OIL includes :
1) Operative Fire Stations are strategically located at the Duliajan, Moran & Manabhum
(Arunachal Pradesh) and Dandewalla, Rajasthan Project, Jodhpur.
2) Dedicated, qualified, experienced and well trained Fire Executives and Employees.
3) Fleet of 15 Nos. {08 (Duliajan) + 04 (Moran) + 01 (Manabhum) + 02 (Dandewala)} Fire
Emergency Vehicles of different types including Dry Chemical Powder Fire Tender.
Additionally, one (01) Fire Emergency Vehicle is also deployed at KG, Basin, Kakinada.
4) For protection of various Drilling, Work-over, EPS, QPS and Well Head Installations, fleet
of Trailer Fire Pumps to the tune of 65 Nos. have been deployed.
5) For Fire Fighting in remote areas, fleet of Portable Fire Pumps to the tune of 07 Nos. has
been placed at different Fire Stations.
6) Fire & Gas Detection System and various Automatic Fixed Fire Suppression Systems at
LPG, CTF, Duliajan, Moran & Jorhat, ITF, Tengakhat, Various Production installations
and Crude Oil Pumping & Repeater Stations of Pipeline department.
7) Over 5000 First Aid Portable Fire Extinguishers and other portable fire fighting
equipment/accessories.
8) A Fire Training Ground with fire Pit to impart hands-on training.
2. Major Functions of Fire Service Discipline: The major functions of Fire Service discipline
are as mentioned below :
1) Fire Prevention
2) Fire Protection
3) Fire Fighting
2.1. Fire Prevention
In the approach to a realistic solution of loss prevention, there is no magic formula which will
guarantee loss free production units. The probable cause of a given incident is a product of three
factors - the chance of occurrence, failure of preventive design and failure of protective design. In
general, the features considered as preventive will reduce the chances of occurrence, whereas
the protective features will minimize the loss when an incident occurs. A balancing of all of these
factors through evaluations of the process of exposure will minimize the damages when an
incident occurs.
2.1.1. Fire Prevention is the action which can be taken to eliminate the cause of fire.
1) Ensure the observance of the provisions of the Act, regulation and standards.
2) Ensure proper layout & installation of fire-fighting equipment.
3) Maintenance of Fire Fighting Equipment
4) First Aid Fire Fighting Training
5) Mock Fire Drill
6) Updating Fire Contingency Plan/ DMP
7) Extinguishing Fire
2.1.2. Fire Prevention Measures Includes
1) Fire Resisting Construction External
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2) Fire Resisting Compartmentation

3) Segregation of Risks
4) Self closing Doors
5) Fire resisting staircases
6) Automatic detection, Alarm and suppression system.
7) Ventilation
8) Observance of Fire rules & law
9) Training Fire Safety Education Fire Drills
10) Good Housekeeping Maintenance
11) Efficient Management
12) Fire Guard Services Patrolling
2.2. Fire Protection
ACTIVE PROTECTION : This involves the provision of systems and equipment, specially intended
to control or extinguish fires, to protect people or surrounding Equipment & structures from the
effect of fire or to provide adequate warning that appropriate action should be taken. It includes

(1) Provision of pressurized water ring main around installations with

monitors & hydrants.
(2) Water spray and sprinkler systems.
(3) Automatic foam systems.
(4) Dry chemical systems.
(5) Gaseous agent system.
(6) Fire detection, alarm and control systems.
(7) Manual firefighting equipment.
3. Emergency Communication in OIL:
Fire Control Room, Duliajan has been provided Hot Line connected with LPG, Duliajan. OIL
telephone provided at other Fire Stations for communication with all the installation, Plant
Control Rooms etc.
Fire Control Rooms have been also provided with the land line connection (P&T).
The Radio Base Station, VHF portable hand held Walkie Talkie sets, Public Address System is
also provided in the fire Control Room. Fire Service, Duliajan operates on dedicated Emergency
Channel No. 01 on Radio communication.
4. Fire Protection Systems in OIL :
The level of fire protection systems in OIL has been determined by identification of fire hazards,
the facility design, and the criticality of equipment, the plant layout and plant manning.
The principle objectives of fire protection systems are:
Provide appropriate and adequate protection systems

Minimise the risk and consequences of an accidental event.
Minimise the potential for hazardous occurrence
Provide sufficient safety devices and redundancy to detect, isolate and minimise
uncontrolled release of flammable and toxic liquids / gases and fire.
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The following codes and standards have been considered for design and installation of our fire
protection systems. Any conflict between codes is resolved by applying the most stringent
requirement.
Oil Industries Safety directorate (OISD)

Mines Act-1952
Mines Rules-1955
OMR-1984
Factories Act-1948
Petroleum Act-2002
Gas Cylinder Rules
Explosives Act
BIS
NBC- 2005
NFPA etc.
5. Basics of Fire :
Fire is an exothermic chemical reaction, where in rapid oxidation process takes place with
evolution of heat and light of varying intensity.
Fire occurs due to the combination of three elements - fuel, oxygen and heat in right proportion.
When any substance is heated to its critical temperature in presence of oxygen it starts burning
(the temperature at which burning starts is called critical/ignition temperature of that material)
The three elements required for occurrence of any fire can be more easily understandable with
the help of FIRE TRIANGLE, where in each arm of the triangle represents particular element.
To form any triangle all the three arms are needed, similarly for occurrence of fire all the three
elements are also essential.
Fire Triangle: It consists of three sides
1. Source of Ignition/Heat
2. Fuel
3. Oxygen
Any fire will never be complete without these three components.
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Fire Tetrahedron: It consists of Four sides
1. Source of Ignition / Heat.

2. Fuel
3. Oxygen
4. Uninhibited Chain reaction
5.1. Classification of Fire :
Following are the four (04) types of fire:-
1) Class-A: Combustible Solids (Wood, Paper, Cloth, etc)

2) Class-B: Flammable Liquid (Petrol, Diesel, Crude Oil, etc.)
3) Class-C: Flammable Gases (Ethane, Methane, LPG, etc.)
4) Class-D: Metal Fire (Na, K, Mg, etc)
Fire is classified in four classes depending upon the materials involved in the fire. To select
proper extinguishing media for extinguishing any fire; it is very much important to know what
class of fire is involved.
Class A Fire These fires involve ordinary combustible materials such as

wood, paper, cloth etc.
Class B Fire These fires involves flammable liquids such as- condensate, crude oil,
paints, etc.
Class C Fire These are gas fires such as LPG, Methane, Propane etc.
Class D Fire These fires involves combustible metals such Magnesium, Aluminium,
Potassium, etc.
It is to be noted that when fire involves in any electrical equipment, if the electrical equipment is
de-energized then fire became Class-A or Class-B fire. However, when electrical equipment in
energized and if fire occurred then extinguishing media should be selected electrically non-
conductive type such as Dry Chemical Powder or Carbon di-oxide.
5.2. Principles of Fire Extinguishment :
We know that occurrence of fire depends upon the presence of three elements- Fuel, Heat &
Oxygen. Principles of fire extinguishment is depends on elimination of any of the above three
elements.
Fire can be extinguished by the following three procedures-
i) Elimination of heat i.e. source of ignition by cooling method

ii) Elimination of oxygen by smothering method.
iii) Elimination of fuel i.e. starvation
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5.2.1. Cooling:
In the cooling method heat is removed from the burning material by applying water so that its
temperature reduces below its ignition temperature. Water absorbs the heat from the burning
substance, thus the fire gets completely extinguished.
Generally, Class-A (ordinary combustible material) fires are extinguished by this method.
5.2.2. Smothering:
In this method oxygen supply is eliminated or diluted so that it cant support the fire to
continue. By blanketing or diluting the oxygen percentage in the fire area, with the help of inert
gas or non-combustible powder any fire can be extinguished.
Generally, Class-B Flammable liquid fuel fires are extinguished by this method.
5.2.3. Starvation:
In this method fuel is salvaged/removed, thus fire is extinguished. In case of any gas fire, if we
can stop the flow by shutting the valve or any other means, the fire will automatically
extinguished. This method can also be applied in case of storage tank fire where liquid can be
shifted to other place if proper drainage facilities are provided with the tank, thus fire can be
minimise.
Generally, Class-C Flammable Gas fires are extinguished by this method.
5.3. Extinguishing Media:
Following are the different types of extinguishing media:-
Water: A
Foam: B
Dry Chemical Powder (DCP)
Clean Agent {Carbon Di Oxide (CO2), FM 200, Nitrogen etc.}
5.4. Suitability Of Different Types Of Portable Fire Extinguishers For Different Class Of
Fires :
CLASS OF FIRE MATERIALS INVOLVED SUITABLE PORTABLE

FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Fires involving ordinary Water type fire

Class A combustible material such as extinguisher (Water CO2
wood, cloth, paper etc. gas cartridge type fire
extinguisher).
Fires involving flammable or Fire Extinguisher
Class B combustible liquids- petrol, discharging Foam, Carbon
diesel and similar materials di-oxide or Dry Chemical
which are lighter than water Powder.
Fires involving gaseous Fire extinguishers
Class C substances such as LPG, discharging Dry Chemical
Natural Gas, Methane, Propane, Powder or carbon dioxide.
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etc.
Fires involving certain Fire extinguishers
Class D combustible metals such as discharging Special Dry
Magnesium, Titanium, Sodium, Chemical Powder
Potassium, etc. (Monnex, Olfex, Eutectic
Chloride, etc).
5.5. Marking On Extinguisher As Per Our Practice For Better Identification -
MARK TYPE OF EXTINGUISHER APPEARANCE OF EXTINGUISHER
A WATER CO2 GAS CARTRIDGE

TYPE EXTINGUISHER
(9 LITER CAPACITY)
B MECHANICAL FOAM TYPE

EXTINGUISHER
(9 LITER CAPACITY)
C DRY CHEMICAL POWDER

TYPE EXTINGUISHER
(9/10 KG CAPACITY)
D CARBON DIOXIDE TYPE

EXTINGUISHER
(2 TO 6.8 KG CAPACITY)
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5.6. Fire Fighting Equipment and Its Safe Operating Procedures
In our installations a number of firefighting equipment are placed/ installed according to the
hazard involved to combat any fire emergencies in odd hours. These equipment are mainly
1) First-Aid (Portable) Fire Fighting Equipment

2) Mobile Fire Fighting Equipment
3) Fixed Fire Fighting System
Details on each of the systems are given as below:-
5.6.1. First-Aid (Portable) Fire Fighting Equipment in the OIL
These are portable firefighting equipment. All fire extinguishers of various capacities, fire bucket,
fire blanket etc. comes in this category. Depending upon the nature of fire hazard involved,
suitable fire extinguishers are placed/installed in the particular area. These extinguishers and
their safe operating procedures are given below
1) Water Type Fire Extinguishers (09 Ltrs. Capacity)

2) Foam Type Fire Extinguishers (09 & 50 Ltrs. Capacity)
3) DCP Fire Extinguishers (09, 10, 25 & 50 Kg Capacity)
4) CO2 Fire Extinguishers (4.5 & 6.8 Kg Capacity)
1. Water/CO2 Gas Cartridge Type Fire Extinguisher:
This is 9 litres capacity water type fire extinguisher, useful for ClassA fire (ordinary fire) i.e. fire
in paper, wood etc. This extinguisher is cylindrical in shape. It has 9 litres water and a CO2 gas
cartridge inside the cylinder. The cap of the extinguisher is having a sliding type plunger to
puncture the seal of CO2 gas cartridge (60gms). It has one meter long discharge hose with nozzle
(in some extinguisher nozzle is directly connected to the body without any hose). These
extinguishers are marked with letter A for better identification.
a. Operation Procedure
I. Remove the extinguisher from its bracket and take it near to the fire.
II. Keep the extinguisher straight and strike the plunger knob hard.
III. Hold the extinguisher handle by left hand and hold the hose nozzle by right hand.( If
nozzle is directly connected to body, lift the extinguisher by both hands)
IV. Direct the water jet on to the seat of fire and advance towards the fire for better
coverage and ensure that fire is completely extinguished.
2. Foam Type Fire Extinguisher:
a) Mechanical foam extinguisher
Mechanical foam extinguishers are useful to extinguish Class B fire, i.e. liquid fire (fire involves
in crude oil, petrol, diesel, PVC materials etc.). These extinguishers are commonly available in 9
litres and 45 litres capacity. And higher capacity mechanical foam extinguishers are also
available, mounted on wheels/trolley for easy movement.
Mostly, we use 9 litres capacity mechanical foam extinguisher. These extinguishers are of
cylindrical in shape. It has 9 litres water mixed with 500 ml. AFFF foam concentrate inside the
cylinder. Inside the cap a gas cartridge (60gms) is fitted. Cap of the extinguisher is having a
sliding type plunger to puncture the CO2 Gas cartridges seal. One meter long PVC discharge
hose with a special type discharge horn having air intake facility is fitted to the extinguishers
body. These extinguishers are marked with letter B for better identification.
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b) Operating Procedure
II. Keep the extinguisher straight and strike the plunger knob hard.
III. Hold the extinguisher handle by left hand and hold the discharge nozzle by right
hand.
IV. Direct the foam jet on to the fire in such a manner so that foam slide to the top of
the liquid fire to give a blanketing effect and ensure fire is completely extinguished.
3. Dry Chemical Powder (DCP) Type Fire Extinguisher:
These fire extinguishers are commonly known as DCP fire extinguisher. These extinguishers are
available in different sizes (1 Kg, 2 Kg, 5Kg, 09, 10 Kg, 25Kg, 50Kg, 75Kg. etc.)
There are two types of DCP extinguishers
(i) Cartridge operated type &

(ii) Stored pressure type.
We mostly use cartridge operated type fire extinguishers, however at some places 5Kg. capacity
stored pressure types are also kept. 10 Kg. capacity DCP extinguishers are most commonly used
in our organization. Moreover, a 09 Kg capacity DCP extinguisher as per new IS 15683:2008 and
few trolley mounted higher capacity extinguishers (25Kg, 50Kg & 75 Kg) are also installed at
some vital installation.
The shape of the 10 Kg. DCP extinguishers is of cylindrical type. Dry chemical powder of 10 Kg.
weights is charged in the outer container. One small CO2 gas cartridge (200 gms- propellant gas)
is threaded into a puncture valve which is a part of cap assembly and placed in an inner
container, which leads to the bottom of DCP container. The DCP is discharged through a hose
attached to upper portion of the outer container. This portion is fitted with a siphon tube inside
the outer container. Discharge of DCP is controlled by a squeeze grip nozzle at the end of the
hose.
DCP extinguisher is highly effective for class B hydrocarbon fires, class C fires, live electrical
equipment and certain A class fires. Some special type of DCP is highly effective for class D
metal fires. Mostly used Dry Chemical Powder contains 90% Sodium Bicarbonate powder and
other additives in small quantities. Some special types of DCP are also used for high risk area;
these are Mono-Ammonium Phosphate base, Potassium Bi-Carbonate base, Potassium Chloride
base, Urea-Potassium Bi-Carbonate base etc. These extinguishers are marked with letter C for
better identification.
a) Operating Procedure (09 Kg. Capacity)
II. Remove seal & safety pin from operating handle.
III. Press the operating handle to puncture the gas cartridge and for discharge of the
powder.
IV. Direct the powder at the base of the flame with sweeping motion and advance
towards the fire by holding the extinguisher by other hand.
V. While operating, the operator should stand at upstream of wind direction so that
powder should not come towards his body.
b) Operating Procedure (10 Kg. Capacity)
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II. Remove safety clip from plunger knob.

III. Hold the squeeze grip nozzle by pressing in one hand and strike the plunger to
puncture the gas cartridge.
IV. Direct the powder at the base of the flame with sweeping motion and advance
towards the fire by holding the extinguisher by other hand.
V. While operating, the operator should stand at upstream of wind direction so that
powder should not come towards his body.
c) Operating Procedure (25kg. and Above Capacity)
I. Place the extinguisher near to the fire by pushing the trolley.

II. Unwind the hose from the bracket and check the nozzle gun is properly functioning.
III. Remove the safety clip of CO2 cylinder valve and slowly open the valve to its full
position.
IV. Open the nozzle gun and hold it firmly.
V. Direct dry powder at the base of the flame with sweeping motion and advance
towards the fire.
4. Carbon-dioxide (CO2) extinguisher
This is a compressed gas fire extinguisher. CO2 gas is compressed at a very high pressure (64
Kg./cm2 to 70 Kg./cm2 at below 31C temp.) and stored in liquid stage. Best use of this type of
extinguisher is on electrical fire. It is also useful for class B and some C class fire.
CO2 type extinguishers are available in varied sizes i.e. 2 Kg, 3 kg, 4.5Kg, 6.8 Kg, etc. CO 2
extinguishers are cylindrical in shape, high pressure seamless type. It has high pressure
discharge tube with discharge horn and a gas releasing valve assembly. 6.8 Kg. and higher
capacity CO2 extinguishers are mounted on trolley.
These extinguishers are marked with letter D for better identification.
d) Operating Procedure
I. Remove the extinguisher from its bracket/location and take it near to the fire by
keeping a safe distance of about 1.5 to 2 Mtrs.
II. Remove valve wheels locking pin.
III. Rotate the valve wheel in anticlockwise to discharge the CO2 gas.
IV. Hold the extinguisher handle or trolley by left hand and the insulated handle of the
discharge horn by right hand.
V. Direct carbon-dioxide on the base of the flame by sweeping action and gradually
progress forward as the flame extinguished.
5.6.2. Fixed Fire Protection Systems in the OIL :
Considering the fire hazard and the equipment to be protected, the various fixed fire protection
systems and facilities provided are:
Fire Water Pumps and Reservoirs

Fire Water Network, Hydrants and Monitors
Deluge Water Spray System. (LPG Plant)
Manual Water Spray System (LPG Plant & All Tank Farms)
Foam System -
o Semi-Fixed Foam Pourer System
o Rim-Seal Fire Protection System (All Tank Farms)
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Clean Agent / Gaseous Extinguishing System

o FM-200 Total Flooding System (Field Communication
Control Room, HPCC)
o CO2 Total Flooding System (R&D Building & ITF,
Tengakhat)
Fire and Gas Detection System.
As a major fire protection arrangement, all our vital installations are having a number of fixed
fire fighting systems, these includes fire hydrant, fixed water/foam monitor, water
drenching/spraying system and semi automatic foam pouring system for crude oil tank
protection. Fire fighting water ring main at OCS, CTF, GCS etc. are non pressurised type (only in
LPG recovery and botteling plant water ring main is pressurised type). In OCS, CTF etc. to
pressurise the fire water ring main, we have fire pumps (drenching pumps) which will have to be
operated manually to pressurise the ring main. In every OCSs we have fire water storage tanks
and two nos. fire pumps (drenching pump) by which ring main can be pressurised to required
pressure to operate the various fixed fire fighting system.
However, ITF tengakhat fire fighting water ring main is pressurized with the help of jockey
pumps.
1. Fire Hydrant-
Fire Hydrants are installed on the fire water mains throughout the installation. Mostly in our
installation single headed hydrant of 63 mm outlet are installed.
a) Operating Procedure Of Any Hydrant-
I. Pressurise the water ring main by operating fire pump unit.

II. Open the main control valve of the hydrant to the fullest extent.
III. Connect the hose to the hydrant outlet and lay the hose up to the
site of fire.
IV. Open the landing/hydrant valve slowly as sudden opening may
result in bursting of the hose.
V. In case of any leakage or wastage of water, shut-off the hydrants
main control valve.
2. Fixed Monitor
Fixed monitors are of two types, Water Monitor and Water cum Foam Monitor. Depending upon
the hazards involved monitors are installed at some selected points on the fire water mains of
any installation. In OCS monitors are fitted around the tank farm and process area. Once the
monitor is properly set, it can be locked in the operating position and can be left unattended.
Main purpose of installing monitor is to cover large area under cooling, thus to restrict spreading
of fire.
a) Operating Procedure of Monitor
I. Open the main control valve to the fullest extent.

II. Adjust the monitor in the proper angle and lock the vertical movement locking lever.
III. If large area is to be continuously cooled, then direction of the water jet should be
changed by moving the handle of the monitor to all direction.
3. Water Drenching/Spray System
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All the crude oil storage tanks in OCS & CTF area are protected with water spray drenching
system. At Some places this drenching ring are open hole type and at some places it is fitted
with spray nozzles. In this system water sprayed in fine form on the tanks outer surface to
protect it from conductant heat/ radiant heat.
a) Operating Procedure Of Drenching System
I. Fire fighting ring main has to be pressurised to appropriate pressure by operating

drenching pump unit.
II. Main valves of the drenching system have to be open slowly.
III. Spray system will start immediately. Check the water spray for effective/uniform
pattern all around the tank.
IV. After use, close the main valves and ensure that water is fully drained out from the
system.
4. Semi Automatic Fixed Foam System
All the storage tanks (floating roof & fixed roof) at OCS & Tank Farms area are protected with
fixed foam system. Our system is semi automatic type. It consists of foam line, inline inductor,
foam concentrate tank and foam maker cum vapour seal chamber. In this system no fire tender
is needed. Operating staff of the installation can operate the system easily before the fire service
reach at site and thus can save the installation.
b) Operating Procedure Of Foam System
I. Pressurise the fire water ring main to the required pressure (7Kg/cm2) by operating
drenching pump units.
II. Open the foam systems manifold valves and ensure the manifold is pressurised to
7Kg/cm2.
III. Open the inline inductors inlet valve of a particular tanks (where you want to apply
foam) foam line. Water will immediately go to the foam maker area at the tank top
and will break the vapour seal glass (in case of fixed roof tank).
IV. Simultaneously open the foam concentrate tanks valve to allow foam compound to
enter into the inline inductor.
V. Foam solution will start going to the tank tops foam maker area where aeration will
take place and final foam will form and will enter into the tanks inside surface
through the foam pourer outlet.
VI. Constant monitoring is required during operation to ensure that no back flow of
water is entering in the foam concentrate tank, otherwise it will damage the quality
of the foam compound.
VII. Once the foam application is over, foam line should be flushed by pumping fresh
water for few minutes and after the operation enter water from the foam system
should be drained through drain cock.
5.6.3. Mobile Fire Fighting Systems in the OIL
Foam Tenders
Foam Nurser (Foam transport Vehicles)
Water Tender
Dry Chemical Powder Tender
6. Action Plan In Case Of Any Fire Emergency
OPERATION STAFF AT SITE
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(i) Shout Fire Fire.

(ii) Immediately sound fire alarm to alert the other operating staff in the
installation.
(iii) Inform Fire Station by dialing Fire Call No. 7333(For Duliajan).
(iv) While informing Fire Station operator, give exact site/place, installations
name, telephone No. etc.
(v) Try to extinguish/control the fire with available fire extinguishers.
(vi) Try to isolate the affected area from the other equipment/materials.
(vii) Start the drenching pump unit to pressurise the ring main and use the
drenching/cooling system and foam system etc. if needed (in case of
OCS/GCS, CTF & LPG area).
(viii) Call ambulance by dialing 6361(For Duliajan) if required.
(ix) Simultaneously render first aid to the person(s) injured with available
first aid materials.
FIRE FIGHTING STAFF

(i) On receiving fire call message, immediately first turnout with necessary
fire fighting staff should start from fire station towards the site of fire.
First turnout should leave fire station with in 30 sec. from receiving the
fire call.
(ii) Keep stand-by personnel and other fire tender/equipment in readiness.
(iii) Control room operator will inform Chief Engineer (Fire Service) /
Suptg. Engr (Fire Service) and Fire Engineers and if required he will
inform others as per telephone priority list.
(iv) Chief Engineer (Fire Service) will rush to fire station and will take the
charge of control room.
(v) Fire officer concerned will rush to the site of fire.
(vi) On arrival at site first turn out will immediately start fire fighting.
(vii) Fire officer will assess the fire situation and will direct fire fighting
operation at site.
(viii) Fire officer at site will be in touch with Chief Engineer (Fire Service)
and will call 2nd or 3rd turn out or outside help in consultation with
Chief Engineer (Fire Service) depending upon the fire situation.
(ix) If required Chief Engineer (Fire Service) will proceed to the site to
guide the fire fighting operation.
7. Mock Fire Drill
Mock fire drill should be conducted once in every month in any installation (OCS, GCS, Drilling
& Work-Over Rig, etc.) with their own resources and manpower to make the operating personnel
habitual with the fire fighting procedure and the various fire fighting systems installed in any
installation. However, once in a year Fire Service, Ambulance and other service section will also
take part in the mock fire drill in any installation. A report of the mock fire drill should be
prepared by the installation manager as per the pro-forma attached in annexure-I.
8. Fire Siren:
As per OISD-189, the following fire siren codes should be followed for different emergency
situations.
Fire: For fire situation, the siren shall be wailing sound for 2 minutes.
Disaster: For disaster situation, the siren shall be wailing sound for 2 minutes
repeated thrice with a gap of 10 seconds.
All Clear: For all clear situation, the siren shall be straight run sound for 2 minutes.
Test Siren: For testing, the siren shall be straight run sound for 2 minutes.
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9. Important Telephone Numbers -
FIRE CALL NUMBER :
DULIAJAN - 7333, 101 (OIL)

- 102 (Pipeline) &
- 0374-2801795 (P&T), MORAN - 4333
- 03754-224063 (P&T)
MANABHUM 4711 (OIL)

DIGBOI (IOC-AOD) 4522 (OIL)
Page 97
ANNEXURE-I
PROFORMA FOR MOCK DRILL
To, Date:
(Head of the Department)
1. Installation :
2. Type and place of fire :
3. Time and date of fire call :
4.a. Name of the persons :
attended the mock drill
b. Personnel reported late :
(After two minutes)
Record reasons
5. Actions taken by the
Installation personnel-
a. Name of the person :
initiated the fire alarm
b. Name of the persons :
used the fire extinguisher
c. Name of the person isolated :
the valve/seat of fire
d. Name of the person informed :
to the Fire Service & Time
e. Name of the person informed :
for Ambulance & Time
f. Name of the person who :
started the drenching
system (if available) and time
g. Name of the person operated :
long fire alarm regarding
completion of fire drill and timing
6.a.Reporting time for fire tender and :
actions taken by Fire Service
Personnel
b.Name of the Fire Service :
Personnel attended the Mock
Fire Drill.
7. Reporting time of Ambulance :
8. Observation/deficiency :
NOTE : Pt. 6&7 i.e. participation

of fire service and Ambulance
service will be carried out
once a year.
INSTALLATION MANAGER
Copy : Head(S&E)
: C.E-Fire Service
: File
Page 98
10. CONCLUSION
Fire can be prevented to a large extent by providing basic knowledge and understanding to the
employees about the characteristics of fire and principle of extinguishment.
In the above pages we have discussed in brief regarding various portable and fixed firefighting
equipment installed at our different installations. We hope that this will provide sufficient
guidance to the operating personnel in any installation, so that they can operate there
firefighting equipment safely and effectively in case of any fire emergency. Fire Prevention &
Protection is everyones businesses, let us try to save our company property from the horror of
fire.
WE SERVE TO SAVE
Page 99
TRANSPORT
TOPIC:
EQUIPMENT HANDLING , PRECAUTION WHILE HANDLING HEAVY EQUIPMENTS &

MATERIALS IN HAZARDOUS AREAS
Introduction
Material handling is one of the important activities in any industry. Progress of various
activities largely depends on timely input of materials required for various operations.
This is best achieved by safe materials handling practices.
Most injuries in industry occur while we move materials. In every day operations, we
handle, transport, and store materials.
Different materials involve different hazards in handling.
Some of the major and important hazards are mentioned herein for safety awareness:
Lifting and handling of heavy loads may cause accidents, pain or back injuries. Incorrect
kinetic techniques cause injury to the spinal column.
Use of unsafe wire rope type or slinging belt type
Improper use of flexible steel wire ropes leading to damage.
Careless and incorrect use of lifting Equipments ( Crane, forlift truck, over head crane
etc.)
Distraction of Driver/workers due to improper visibility, steam/vapour, slippery areas.
Improper stacking and movement of tubular and heavy structures.
Unsuitable overhead clearance in lifting or movement.
SAFEGUARD
SOME OF THE MEASURES IN THIS REGARD ARE GIVEN BELOW FOR GUIDANCE:
MANUAL HANDLING
Manual handling of goods and materials is one of the greatest single causes of accident
at work. safe lifting depends on the skillfull use of the correct muscles and not on brute force.
The factors that influence materials handling are
1. Size of material
2. Shape of material
3. Type of material
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100
4. Weight of material
5. Distance to be covered
6. Speed of movement
Few important causes of accident
1. Poor upkeep of equipments, tools and tackles
2. Substandard tools and tackles
3. Improper planning before start of work
4. Overloading
5. Lack of job knowledge and training
6. Improper grip
7. Poor estimation of load
8. Improper slinging
9. Poor illumination
10. over confidence
11. Poor co-ordination
12. Non use of PPE
13. Poor site preparation
14. 14.Poor supervision
Hazards in Materials Handling
Hazards in tools and tackles
Breaking of chain/rope/sling on load
Failure of crane hoisting equipment
Fall of lifted load
Cut by sharp edge of material
Working under a suspended load
Stuck by an object in load lifted condition
Pressed between wagons (rail)
Hit by a sling
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101
Swinging of loads
Over turning of vehicles
Wrong placement of loads
Improper selection of equipment for material handling
HAZARDS IN EQUIPMENT
1. Material Handling by cranes safety measures
2. Danger zone in Mobile crane operation
3. Operation of Oil Field Truck
4. Transportation of materials by Tractor-Trailers
5. Working near power lines
6. Handling of critical loads
7. Rig-up, Rig-down of Drilling Rig Signals
8. Transportation of inflammable items by tanker Fork lift operation
9. Damage of slings and lifting tackles
10. Handling of tubular
11. Manual Handling
12. Driving Hazards
13. Failure of brakes
CARE TO BE OBSERVED WHILE LIFTING
1. The crane hook should be centrally placed over the load to avoid any swinging while
lifting.
2. The load should be fully secured and free before lifting. Never give signal to lift unless the
load is slung properly.
3. Slings are not kinked and the hoist line is vertical before starting to lift.
4. While lifting a load, the sling or any other lifting tackle should not foul with any
permanent fixture of the machine or structure. In such cases, use spreader bar(s) to avoid
fouling.
5. Take your hands away from chains and rope before the crane takes the load and stand
clear.
6. While lifting a load, sudden stops and starts should be avoided.
7. Never back the crane while lifting.
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102
8. Outriggers are fully secured in a levelled plinth.
9. Never take the load over the head of any person including the rigger/signalman.
10. Never allow any body to walk under any suspended load.
11. Never ride on a crane load nor allow anybody else to do that.
12. Slings not in use should not be carried on the crane hook carrying the load, since it may
cause the load carrying slings to ride on the nose of the hook
RESPONSIBILITIES OF ALL CREW MEMBERS
1.Any unsafe condition or practice must be corrected or reported to the job supervisor.
2.Everyone, who works around cranes including riggers and boilers, must obey all warning
signals and watch out for their own safety and the safety of others.
3.Watch for hazards during the operator and the signalman of dangers such as power lines,
the unexpected presence of people, other equipment, or unstable ground conditions.
CRANE OPERATORS
1. Because of skill, physical and mental conditions required for the safe operation of a
crane, an operator must meet the following requirements:
2. Be more than 18 years of age
3. Be medically fit with particular regard to eyesight, hearing and reflexes.
4. Have the stature to enable him to operate the crane safely.
5. Have been adequately trained in the operation of the type of crane he is handling
and be able to judge distance, heights and clearances.
6. Sufficient knowledge of the working of the crane to enable him, if necessary, to
carry out routine checks.
7. Understands fully the duties of slinger and be familiar with the signal code.
OPERATORS RESPONSIBILITIES
1. Safety must always be the operators most concern. He must refuse to operate when he
knows it is unsafe and consult his supervisor when safety is in doubt.
2.He must be able read and understand the load chart and safe-working loads of the crane
before it is operated.
3. He must be alert, physically fit and free from the influence of alcohol, drugs, or medications
that might affect his eyesight, hearing, or reactions.
4.When the vision is blocked or when operating in hazardous areas such as near power lines or
around people, a signalman must be used. Because the operator is not in the best position to
judge distances and can not see all parts of the job site, a signalman may also be necessary at
other times. Operator must understand the standard crane signals and take signals only from
the designated signalman.
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103
SIGNALLING
1. Signalling is an important part of crane operation but is often not treated with the
importance it deserves.
2. Signalman must be used whenever:
3. The operator cannot see the load.
4. The operator cannot see the loads landing area.
5. The operator cannot see the path of travel of the load or of the crane.
6. The operator is far enough away from the load to make judgement of distance difficult.
7. The crane is working within a booms length of the limit of approach to power lines
or electrical equipment.
8. Where loads are picked up at one point and lowered at another, two signalmen may be
required one to direct the lift and one to direct the descent.
TRANSPORT DEPARTMENT IN BRIEF
PASSENGER VEHICLE SECTION
Deals with 700 hired vehicles and its contractors.

Operation of company owned passenger cars, vip cars.
Operation of hired buses.
operation of 08 nos of company owned buses
light and medium vehicle operators
CRANE MAINTENANCE SECTION
Maintenance of 29 nos. company owned cranes and crane loaders

Inspection of company and 12 nos hired cranes
Maintenance of WSS coil tubing units.
Maintenance of well loging crane loader.
Maintenance of tugger hoists
HEAVY VEHICLE MAINTENANCE SECTION MAINTENANCE OF
Well logging trucks
Cementing units
WSS pumping units
Steam generating trucks
Tractor trailers
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104
Oil field trucks
Swabbing hoists
Work over rigs
Ashok Leyland fire tenders
IQC SECTION
Procurement of spot purchase sparers directly from vendors
Inspection of spares
Storage of spares
PLANT AND EQUIPMENT SECTION MAINTENANCE OF:
Heavy and light well scrapping winches
Winches of chemical department for bhp job
Otis's well scrapping winches.
Bulldozers.
Fire trailer pumps.
TRANSPORT FIELD OPERATION SECTION:
Mainly involved the following major jobs:
1. Rig-down
2. Rig movement
3. Rig-up
4. Work over movement.
5. Tanker service (Company owned) etc
FOR ABOVE PURPOSE WE ARE MAINLY USED THE FOLLOWING HEAVY VEHICLES
Mol
Crane
Tractor trailer
Truck etc.
WE ARE MAINLY INVOLVED THE FOLLOWING JOBS:
ASSEMBLE AND DISASSEMBLE OF MAST /DERRICK
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105
RIG MOVEMENT
PLACEMENT OF RIG PUMPS.
PLACEMENT OF TANKS
PLACEMENT OF PCR
PLACEMENT OF DRAW WORKS
PLACEMENT OF POWER PACK
A-FRAME SWING
MAST UP AND DOWN ETC
FOR ABOVE PURPOSE WE ARE MAINLY USED THE FOLLOWING VEHICLES.
MOL,OIL FIELD TRUCK
CRANE
TRACTOR TRAILER UNIT
TRUCK ETC.
DIFFERENT LIFTING TACKLES LIKE
DIFFERENT SIZE OF SLINGS
D-SACKLE
SIDER BAR
ROPES ETC.
AT PRESENT WE HAVE FOLLOWING NOS OF VEHICLES
MOL- 07 NOS
CRANE - 21 (COMP), 8(HIRED)
TRAILER 05 (COMP),09 (HIRED)
TRUCK 08 (HIRED)
TANKER 08 (COMP)
MOL, OFT
ENGINE CUMMINS
HP- 320 HP AT 2100 RPM
GVW: 51 MT
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WINCH CAPACITY: 45 MT
PAY LOAD 30T
CRANE:
MARSHEL 30 T 02 NOS
HUSKY 30-1,50T-5 06 NOS
TM/CRANE 50 T-4,30T -5,10 T-1, 08 NOS
ESCORT CRANE 10 T 02 NOS
SOME OF MAJOR WEIGHT OF RIG MATERIALS
1. RIG PUMP APPROX.35 TON
2. SUB-BASE 20 TO 26 TONS
3. PCR 20 TO 26 TONS
4. DRAW WORKS 30 TO 35 TONS
5. ENGINE 22 TONS.
SPESTOP CARD -
-To authorize JE (Fields) to suspend jobs temporarily.

-The basic purpose is to stop any simultaneous job to be carried out without supervision.
-It is of RED in colour.
GO CARD
-Should be issued to vehicle for leaving the site only after safe loading and binding.
-It is GREEN in colour.
BARRICADE TAPE
-To cordon the area where operation is proposed to be carried out.

-To prevent unauthorised person/person without PPE to enter working zone.
TAG LINE
- 1/2 inch manila ropes will be fixed at both ends of loads.

- To be used for solid as well as bundles of pipes.
- To ensure helpers/drivers not standing on or near the vehicle while loading/offloading.
- It will help to steer the load from safe distance.
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WHISTLE
- Whistle is to be used to attract the operators attention.

- To call the vehicle to the particular site for loading / offloading.
SIGNALLING
- Crane operator will follow signal of JE in-charge.

- For any confusion he will stop the operation.
- Clarify his doubt/confusion.
- Standard signals only are to be followed.
- Operator should not follow signal from unauthorised person.
DUTY SLIP
- All JEs & Operators should follow instructions provided on the back of the new duty slip.
LADDER
- For climbing up/down to/from the trailer platform the ladder fixed with the vehicle to be
used.
FIRST AID BOX
- JE and Operators should carry First Aid Box to the site.
Safety gadgets to be used
1. Barricade Tape - To cordon the hazardous area.

2. Barricade Cone - To hang barricade tape.
3. Tag Line - To assist steering of a hanging load
4. Whistle - To be used by JE to attract attention of the operators.
5. Red Cloth - To be put on any over-hanging material.
6. PPE - Use of helmet, gloves and safety boot.
(Few Helmet, hand gloves etc. will be kept with JE for use in operations in case some one
is not having at site.
7. First Aid Box - To be carried along with vehicles and also with the JE to the site.
Role of Jr.Engineer
1. Will carry additional helmets, safety boot, hand gloves etc. to well-site for emergency.
2. He will carry one First Aid Box.
3. To arrange Tool Box meeting at site before starting of job.
4. To ensure safe operating practices.
5. To have regular interactions with JEs of other departments available at the site.
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Safe Operating Practices:
Following safety norms were adopted in number of locations recently.
i. Use of STOP Card

ii. Use of GO Card
iii. Use of barricade tape.
iv. Use of tag lines.
v. Operator to follow signal of JE as far as practicable
vi. Competent person can give signal if JE is not available (e.g during drilling phase).
vii. Operator must not get confused from signals provided by other persons.
viii. Unwanted person must leave the cordoned area before starting up of the job.
ix. Person without PPE must not be allowed to work.
x. Operators must check the points mentioned behind the new lorry return format daily.
xi. JE must check the points mentioned behind duty slip & perform accordingly.
Instructions provided during Pit Level meeting at sites -
A. For Safe Crane Operations
- Check ground condition.

- Check for any electrical overhead line.
- Full outrigger extension.
- Ensure level of out riggers after jacking up.
- Make wheels free of ground
- Use additional timber planks under jack plate.
- Place crane as near to the load as possible.
- Use slings of adequate strength (consult ref. Book)
- Use hook sling to load/offload casings etc.
- Do not drag load by crane.
- Ensure Crane Hook to be above the C.G. of the load.
- To avoid telescoping out with load as far as practicable.
- Do not lower boom with load.
- To study load chart for any confusion and confirmation.
- Blow horn to alert people before lifting or unloading.
- Lift the load to the desired height only. Do not lift unnecessarily to a greater height.
- Restrict slewing with heavy loads.
- Use fifth jack while lifting from the front.
- Remove binding chain from the load only after cranehook is connected by sling.
- Inform immediately about any hydraulic leakages.
- Record it in daily lorry return.
- To check the load line for any defects daily.
- All crew members including operator must have PPE.
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B. For Safe Oilfield Truck Operations -
- To be used mainly for self loading.

- Use parking brake before winch operation.
- To de winch the loadline with moderate engine speed.
- To load line not to be coiled haphazardly.
- Winch hook should always be fixed from bottom to top.
- Also tie the hook on the load line by rope to prevent its sliding back.
- The winch line hook should be at the middle of the
platform /skid of the load.
- Avoid jerk while offloading heavy load.
- Use crane of adequate capacity while loading/offloading heavy load as an additional
support.
- While loading or offloading by OFT no person should stay near the truck.
- Inspect hook and winch line daily.
- Ensure proper wheel pressure (120 psi).
- The site should be firm enough to take the weight of the truck and the load.
- Use barricade tape to cordon the hazardous area.
C. Safe Tractor-Trailer Operations-
- To load materials in a disciplined manner.

- To ensure no load is protruding dangerously.
- To ensure secured-binding of the materials.
- Loading of tubular above stanchion should be avoided.
- To ensure that no chains are opened till crane slings are fixed.
- No person should stay near or on the platform while loading/offloading by a crane.
- Use of tag line is must to steer any load.
- To fix Red Cloth while transferring over dimensional or over hanging materials.
- The trailer must not load/offload if it is still holding STOP CARD.
- Use ladder while climbing down/up from/to the vehicle platform.
- To leave the site only after getting GO CARD from the JE.
The committee is now working on to carry out the following in next phase -
- To develop standard signals for crane operations.
- To make a Safe Operating Practice Manual.
- To put continuous effort to transform the above practices into system.
- To arrange for audio visual medium for better and effective learning.
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Field Engineering Department

Introduction
Field Engineering Department came into existence from April, 2004; consequent upon the
merger of some sections of the erstwhile Mechanical Engineering Department and General
Engineering Department.
Field Engineering Department is one of the service departments of the company under the
purview of GM (Engg). The department s main job is to provide various engineering services
for oil and gas production activities, besides certain utility services to the companys field
areas & township
Area of operation- Duliajan, Moran, Digboi & Arunachal Pradesh
Objective of the department
To help Oil India find and produce oil and gas. This is done by:
Maintaining and overhauling heavy equipment related to drilling activities like draw-
works, rig pumps, rotary tables, swivels etc. besides equipment related to work-over
operations.
Operating/ maintaining equipment related to captive power generation, crude oil
pumping from production installations, and supplying water for fire fighting, human
and industrial consumption in installations.
Supplying water for water injection to enhance oil recovery.
To maintain fire-fighting equipment and fire fighting set ups in different production
installations.
To provide Industrial water, potable water and maintenance of low pressure gas supply
network in all installations, and housing areas.
Provisioning of source water in the above fields and laying of effluent lines.
To ensure pump-ability of the crude oil flowing through the pipelines to refineries by PPD
injection.
To maintain crude oil storage tanks in Central Tank Farm, including cleaning and
overhauling.
Activity Centers of the Department
Central Workshop section

ICE-Shop & WSS section
ICE-Field & Water Injection
Project Section & Tank Farm Maintenance Section
Water Supply & Water Injection section
P & A section
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WATER SUPPLY & WATER INJECTION SECTION
Water Treatment Plant: Water Treatment Plant: IR Filtration Set Up

Clariflocculator Pump House
Production of potable water, Domestic and industrial water supply (in and around duliajan)
and maintenance of the water supply system:
Potable and process water supply to field installations: Operation & maintenance of water
supply system at outstep production Installations like OCS, GCS, EPS and QPS.
Supply of source water for injection purpose wrt secondary recovery.
Maintenance of Mud Pump and pipe lines at various Mud Plants
Laying and maintenance of effluent disposal pipe lines from drilling locations to effluent pits.
Maintenance of Drenching Pump and Fire Fighting System at various Production
Installations
Maintenance of Source Water Deep tube wells, Source Water Pumps and Pipe lines of Water
Injection
Maintenance of domestic gas supply network in Duliajan Township
Maintenance of water and gas lines of various sizes pipeline up to 16 inch dia (approx 65 Km
length)
Maintenance of Overhead water storage tanks
DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL WATER SUPPLY (In and around Duliajan)
Pontoons
ISO 9001:2008 certified 4 MGD Water Treatment Plant
1.5 MGD Water Treatment Plant
Overhead Water Tanks of various capacity at different locations
Water supply distribution network
Monitoring of Water Quality: As per IS-10500:1991

Monitoring of turbidity by on line digital turbidity meter
Monitoring of pH by on line digital meter
Monitoring of residual chlorine by on line digital meter
Monitoring of residual chlorine by Orthotolodine solution in WTP and Housing Area
Monitoring of water flow by online Digital Electromagnetic Flow Meter
Detail analysis of water samples in the ISO certified Chemical Lab is carried out every week
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Bacteriological Test of water samples from WTP as well as housing areas are done at ISO
certified OIL hospital
Heavy metal test is carried out periodically after every three months for metals like cadmium,
mercury, arsenic, phenols etc in our ISO certified chemical laboratory
WATER SUPPLY TO FIELD INSTALLATIONS

Potable and process water supply to production installations like OCSs, GCSs, EPSs, QPSs
etc.
Supplied through shallow tube wells (STWs) OF 60 90 feet depth.
The raw water from STWs are treated by iron removal filters before supplying to the
consumer end.
SOURCE WATER SUPPLY FOR INJECTION PURPOSE wrt SECONDARY RECOVERY

Source water is pumped from deep tube wells through surface filters to the suction manifolds
of water injection pumps; form where the water is injected to the wells.
ICE SHOP & WSS SECTION
Dynamometer for Engine Fuel Injection Pump Calibration

Altronic Test Bench
Testing Machine
Major and top overhauling of all IC engines in the fields (except engines of Production Gas
Deptt, Transport Deptt.), engines including the maintenance support services to WSS section
of Production-Oil department.
Different types of gas and diesel engines of various make and model are overhauled:
Caterpiller, Cummins, Ruston, Kirloskar, Perkins etc.
Maintenance of various engines pertaining to other departments like Drilling (Cementing),
Electrical, Medical, LPG, Geophysics etc.
Overhauling and maintenance of different makes, models & types of air compressors.
Maintenance of air compressors at central air compressor station at industrial area.
Inhouse maintenance: Maintenance of EOT crane of ICE shop, Maintenance of Prime movers
of emergency pumpsets at New water supply and pontoon, maintenance of air compressors of
water supply.
Monitoring and planning of spares for all of the above equipments, procurement of spares.
Supervises 60 numbers of welding and cutting sets.
Fuel Section of ICE Shop

Repair/service the following equipment/items:-
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Torque converter, Fuel injectors, Fuel pumps, Turbochargers, Governors, Allison

Transmissions
Magneto Section of ICE Shop
Repair/service the following equipment/accessories:-
Self starter, Altronic. Magtronic . Alternator . Repairing of engine starting, charging,
ignition, wiring system
ICE- FIELD & WATER INJECTION SECTION
The ICE (Field & WI) section of Field Engineering department primarily provides support services
and maintains equipment of operation departments like Prod. (Oil) and Prod. (Gas) deptt.
Engine as the Prime Mover of a Crude Oil Despatch Pump 1.5 MW Capacity Captive Power
Crude Oil Despatch Pumpset: Plant
OBJECTIVES:
Ensuring no loss in production of crude oil due to non availability of equipment like CODPs,
Bowser loading pumpsets, Generating sets etc.
Ensuring no loss in natural gas production due to non availability of vital equipment like
Generating sets.
Ensuring that the Water Injection target for the financial year is achieved through maximum
capacity utilization of surface facilities like WI pumps, engines and transmission systems.
Procurement, Installation and commissioning of new equipment as well as relocating
equipment as per operational demand within stipulated time frame.
Ensuring 100% availability of equipment, minimizing maintenance cost, planning of spares
and consumables etc.
CAPTIVE POWER GENERATION
Around 3.5 mw of electrical power is generated by the generating sets installed at various
installations.
Operation & maintenance services provided round the clock on 24 x 7 basis
Maintenance involves breakdown & preventive maintenance services related to the prime
movers
Responsibility also includes selection, installation and commissioning of the generating sets
Major installation wrt captive power generation: at ITF Tengakhat, where 03 (three) nos of
500 kw capacity gas engine driven generating sets are in operation.
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CRUDE OIL HANDLING
Maintenance of crude oil handling pump sets deployed for:
Crude oil evacuation & bowser loading / unloading duties

Maintenance function includes breakdown & preventive maintenance services related to
pumps , drive transmissions as well as prime movers
Responsibility also includes selection , installation and commissioning of the equipment
Around 3.5 MMT of crude oil is handled per year by the section.
SERVICES FOR RESERVOIR PRESSURE MAINTENANCE.
Maintenance of high pressure water injection pump sets and the supporting infrastructure.
Maintenance function includes breakdown & preventive maintenance services related to
pumps , drive transmissions as well as prime movers
Responsibility also includes selection , procurement, installation and commissioning of the
equipment required. For providing the above services
100 % availability of equipment for the above purpose is ensured.
CENTRAL WORKSHOP (ISO 9001:2008 certified)
Reconditioning of Drilling
Machine Shop Tubulars Servicing of a Draw Works
This is the central workshop of the company which takes up repair, reclamation, and
fabrication jobs for operating departments.
Important activities include overhauling of draw works, rig pumps, rotary tables, threading
of drill pipes, casings etc.
it also extends service for emergency jobs at well sites and production installations. General
workshop comprises of the following shops:
Machine shop
Pipe shop
Welding and structural shop
Fitting shop
Black smithy shop
Inspection cell
The upkeep of all the machines and other equipment installed in the workshop is taken
up by maintenance personnel of workshop itself.
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MACHINE SHOP
Equipments available:
Lathe machines, thread milling machines, grinding machines.
Jobs done:
Machining of inch to 36 inch diameter jobs.
Thread reclamation of api drill pipes and kellys.
And all machining jobs related to lathe machines with precision up to 0.001 inch
tolerance.
PIPE SHOP
Pipe threading machines, milling machines, boring machines, shaping machines, slotting
machine, drilling machine, pipe bending machine and grinding machines .
Jobs done:
API, ASTPT , BSTPT etc Thread cutting .
Gear fabrication/ reclamation, key way slotting, high precision boring jobs, shaping jobs
etc .
WELDING & STRUCTURAL SHOP
AC & DC welding machines, gas cutting & welding facilities, brazing& soldering facilities,
plasma cutting machine, shearing machine, power saw, plate bending machine, 10 Ton O/H
crane etc.
Jobs done:
Fabrication/ repairing of tanks, cementing silos, skids, dragging anchors, reclamation of
shafts etc.
Welding of hard to weld metals like, ci , aluminium, ss, bronze etc.
FITTING- SHOP
200 Ton capacity hydraulic press, 100/50/30 ton capacity hydraulic puller, 20 ton
capacity eot crane and other hydraulic/ electrical power tools.
Jobs done:
Repairing/ overhauling of oil field equipment related to drilling & w/over rigs, like draw
works, rotary tables, mud pumps, swivels, hooks, transmission units etc.
Repairing/ overhauling of other equipments/ machineries operating in different
departments, like production, well logging, transport, electrical, civil engg., pipeline etc.
BLACK SMITHY SHOP
Pneumatic power hammers, furnaces, heat treatment facilities etc.
Jobs done:
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Forging, heat treatment , pipe bending, hot forming etc.
INSPECTION CELL
Universal testing machine, hardness testing machine, ndt facilities, various types of
gauges, precision measuring instruments etc.
Jobs done:
Inspection of various types of threads, dimensions, metallurgy, mechanical properties, ndt
(pt) test etc.
PROJECT & TANK FARM MAINTENANCE SECTION
Maintenance at Central Tank Farm Tank Bottom Plate Replacement
CRUDE OIL CONDITIONING PLANT
The wax present in the crude oil tends to gel into a semi solid mass at the ambient
temperature of around 18c during the winter and pumping of crude oil becomes difficult
through its trunk pipe line.
To overcome this problem crude oil conditioning plants (COCP) were developed by oil &
were commissioned at Duliajan and Moran.
Such types of plants were the only ones in the whole world.
Since the conditioning of crude oil through flow improver chemical dosing proved to be a cost
effective way, the thermal conditioning was discontinued in 2001 and the COCPs were
decommissioned.
Functions:
Operation and maintenance of main line and branch line chemical dozing set up.
Maintenance of crude oil storage tanks at CTF.
Maintenance of fire fighting system at CTF.
PROJECT SECTION:
Design/ installation / modification of the fire fighting infrastructure as per oisd

guidelines at production installations .
Installation of water (potable & process) water supply set ups at new installations.
Installation of DTWs wrt new water injection stations.
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PLANNING & ADMINISTRATION SECTION
This section is responsible for general planning/ coordination and administration,
Budgeting.
Disciplinary proceeding/welfare,.
Processing of timesheet related to work persons.
Processing of various allowances for executives / work persons as well as maintaining
various records.
Training of executives as well as work persons are also looked after by this section
Other jobs
The section also looks after the ERP related issues
OTHER UTILITY SERVICES
Meeting social obligations by meeting captive power requirements at various social &
government functions
Providing emergency power at electrical power house & oil hospital through standby
gensets
SERVICES DURING CRISIS/ DISASTER
To provide source water for fire fighting/ well killing operation/ water jacket
To provide power supply arrangement for running the equipments.
IMPORTANT SAFETY ASPECTS TO REMEMBER
Field Engineering Department is involved in various activities that are acutely

hazardous and needs utmost care to carryout the job/jobs safely
Use of Personal Protective Equipments (PPE ):
Safety glasses must be worn Long and loose hair must be

contained.
Appropriate footwear with substantial Close fitting/protective clothing

uppers must be worn. must be worn.
Rings and jewellery must not be worn Hearing protection must be used
whenever required
Oil free leather gloves must be

worn
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SAFE OPERATING PROCEDURES
CRUDE OIL DESPATCH PUMP
STARTING PROCEDURE:
1. Check orderliness of the following safety devices:

(a) A barrier wall separating the prime mover from the pump. (In case of COPDs)
(b) Spark arrestor mounted on the exhaust of the prime mover
(c) Guard on all rotating parts.
(d) High water temperature and low lube oil pressure switch.
(e) Pressure gauges.
(f) Adequate number of fire extinguishers placed near the Pump
2. Use personnel protective equipment
3. Check pump/engine and surrounding area for cleanliness
4. Check oil level in the crankcase of engine and pump and also in the governor of the engine.
5. Check oil level in gear box.
6. Check oil temperature (60 to 70 C) in gear box.
7. Check water level in the engine radiator.
8. Disengage the clutch.
9. Open the suction and circulating lines of the pump.
10. Open the suction valve of the storage tank /line.
11. Check for proper functioning of the pressure recorder / gauge in suction and delivery
lines.
12. Open the bypass valve and shut the delivery valve.
13. Open the fuel line of the engine.
14. Start the engine and observe for steady RPM (1500) for 5 to 10 minutes.
15. Engage the clutch to run the pump and observe for about 5 minutes.
16. Throttle the by pass valve slowly and to open the delivery valve slowly with close
observation on the pressure gauge for at least 10 minutes for stabilization of required
operating pressure.
17. Close the bypass valve completely.
18. Check for proper lubrication of the lubricating points of the pump.
19. Check temperature of lube oil in the pump crank case. ( 60 to 70 C )
20. Check lubes oil pressure in the pump crank case (35 psi) at operating temperature.
21. Check suction pressure.
22. Check discharge pressure.
23. Record the log sheet properly.
SHUT DOWN PROCEDURE:
1. Disengage the clutch to stop the pump.

2. Run the engine on no-load condition for 2 to 5 minutes.
3. Shut the fuel supply valve to stop the engine.
4. Close the delivery valve of the pump.
5. Close the suction valve.
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S.O.P. FOR GENERATING SET
SAFE AND EFFICIENT OPERATION CAN ONLY BE ACHIEVED IF THE EQUIPMENT IS

CORRECTLY OPERATED AND MAINTAINED.
Observe all WARNING/CAUTION notices.

All electrical maintenance/repair should be performed by Electrical Department.
Do not operate the generator with protective covers, access covers or terminal box covers
removed.
Disable engine starting circuits before carrying out maintenance.
Disable closing circuits and/or place warning notices on any circuit breakers normally
used for connection to the mains or other generators, to avoid accidental closure.
Observe all important, caution, warning, and danger notices leveled on the gen. set.,
Check and maintain engine oil level in crankcase.
Check and record engine oil pressure.
Check and maintain coolant level.
Record coolant temperature.
Check vee belts and condition of batteries.
Check reservoir gas pressure and drain occasionally.
Follow safe operating procedures while putting units on / off line.
maintain proper house kipping in and around equipment
Record equipment parameter in the log book provided
No naked light / mobile inside gen set house.
PRE-OPERATIONAL SAFETY CHECKS
Check workspaces and walkways to ensure no slip/trip hazards are present.

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Locate and ensure you are familiar with the operation of the ON/OFF starter
Ensure all guards are in place.
Check that the job is clamped tight in the chuck.
Remove all tools from the bed and slides of the machine.
Ensure correct speed for machining process is selected.
Remove the chuck key before starting the lathe.
Faulty equipment must not be used. Immediately report suspect machinery.
OPERATIONAL SAFETY CHECKS
Never leave the lathe running unattended.

Before making adjustments or measurements switch off and bring the machine to a
complete standstill.
Do not attempt to slow/stop the chuck or revolving work by hand.
Always remove the chuck key from the chuck.
Do not store tools and parts on top of the machine.
HOUSEKEEPING
Switch off the machine and reset all guards to a fully closed position.
Leave the machine in a safe, clean and tidy state.
PRE-OPERATIONAL SAFETY CHECKS
The equipment must be used in accordance with manufacturers instructions.

Ensure the area is clean and clear of grease, oil, and objects that may be a slip/trip
hazard.
Familiarise yourself with and check all machine operations and controls.
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Check all safety devices are in good condition.

Ensure work area is well ventilated
Ensure all flammable materials are correctly stored before operating.
Faulty equipment must not be used. Immediately report suspect equipment.
OPERATIONAL SAFETY CHECKS
Engines must not be run unless a qualified staff member is supervising operation.
Only one person shall operate the engine at a time.
Ensure area is clear of people and equipment before operating.
Never leave the engine running unattended.
During operation and when cooling down, parts of the plant are hot and/or rotating.
When finished ensure that the battery (if fitted) and fuel line are turned off.
HOUSEKEEPING
Switch off equipment.

Leave the equipment and work area in a safe, clean and tidy state.
ENGINE OVERHAULING
Wear appropriate eye & skin protection.

Disconnect the battery. Disconnect the air starter motor, if equipped, to prevent
accidental engine starting. Put a DO NOT OPERATE tag the control panel.
Use ONLY the correct crank shaft barring techniques for manually rotating the crank
shaft.
Do not attempt to rotate the crankshaft by pulling or prying on the fan.
This practice can cause serious personal injury, property damage, or damage of the
fan blades.
If an engine has been operating and the coolant is hot, allow the engine to cool and
slowly loose the filler cap and relieve the pressure from the cooling system.
Do not work on anything that is supported ONLY by lift jack or a hoist.
Always use blocks or correct stands to support the product before performing any
service work.
Relieve all pressure in the air, gas, coolant & oil from the engine that have to be worked
upon. Do not check for pressure leaks with hand (use a board or a piece of cardboard) as
it may cause personal injury.
Always use tools that are in good condition. Make sure user understand how to use
them before performing any service work.
Always use same fastener part number (or equivalent) when replacing fasteners.
As far as possible, make all repairs on a level, hard surface.
Do not damage wiring during removal operations.
Tighten connections to the correct torque. Ensure that all clamps, guards and shields are
instated carefully. This will help to prevent damage from: vibration, rubbing against other
parts, and excessive heat during operations. Particular attentions for correct installation
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should be given to shields that protect against oil and fuel spray onto hot exhaust
components.
Avoid touching heater and radiator hoses and other hot engine parts.
Avoid breathing exhaust fumes. Always vent the fumes outsides of the shop.
Keep hands away from fans and other moving parts.
Remove the ignition key to prevent accidental starting of the engine.
Welding and cutting
Conduct welding and cutting operations in a designated area free from flammable
materials. When welding or cutting is necessary in an undesignated or hazardous area,
have someone nearby act as a fire attendant.
Periodically check welding and cutting areas for combustible atmospheres.
Take care to prevent sparks from starting a fire.
Remove unused gas cylinders from the welding and cutting area.
Keep hoses out of doorways and away from other people. A flattened hose can cause a
flashback.
Mark hot metal with a sign or other warning when welding or cutting operations are
complete
**************
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LPG DEPARTMENT
OILS LPG PLANT
(ISO-9001:2008, ISO-14001:2004 and OHSAS 18001:1999 certified)
LPG business, the first diversification of Oil India Limited, has crossed 27 glorious years. LPG is
an important value addition to the natural gas produced by OIL. LPG department of OIL has two
installations, namely, (i) LPG Recovery Plant which produces LPG and Condensate (a by-product)
from natural gas and (ii) LPG Filling Plant, which has facilities for filling of cylinders as well as
road tankers.
OILs LPG Recovery Plant at Duliajan was designed and commissioned in 1982 by The Randall
Corporation, USA. It is the second plant in India, where LPG is produced from natural gas.
Sophisticated equipment like turbo-expander was used in this plant for the first time in Asia to
extract LPG from natural gas.
The LPG department of Oil India Ltd. ensures strict quality control of LPG produced and also for
effluents released to the atmosphere, drain etc. Since its inception in 1982, the department has
been able to maintain an excellent track record with high productivity and concern for safety,
health and environment in a professional manner. Departments expertise is used to maintain
both the plants which have over 1750 numbers of various equipment and instrumentation
fittings spread in the fields of both the plants. It also takes active programs for human resource
development including training of students from ITI, technical institutes and colleges from all
over the country.
OIL serves about two lakh families in the North East through supply of cooking gas, which
replaces equivalent amount of kerosene and helps environment by saving valuable trees and
providing one of the cleanest fuels.
Design :
The plant was originally designed to handle 2.215 MMSCM/day (80 MMSCFD) of natural gas to
produce 60,000 TPA of 50:50 (w/w) C3H8 : C4H10 LPG and 12,000 TPA of condensate on 350
days working. However, due to changes in the feed gas composition the plant design capacity
has been re-rated as 55,000 TPA of 49:51 (w/w) C3H8 : C4H10 LPG and 25,000 TPA of
condensate. The tonnage output was based on minimum recovery of 98% the available butanes
in the feed gas. With the information available at that time, the composition of feed gas was
taken as under (in mole %).
Components Design Present

Composition Composition
N2 0.26 0.96
CO2 1.10 0.82
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C 1H 4 86. 80 89.88
C 2H 6 6.50 3.96
C 3H 8 3.30 2.32
iC4H1O 0.72 0.51
nC4H1O 0.86 0.71
iC5H12 0.18 0.25
nC5H12 0.13 0.16
C6H14 + 0.15 0.43
The pressure, temperature and other physical parameters considered for design purpose were :
Pressure - Feed Gas = 14 Kg/cm2

Residue Gas = 11.2 Kg/cm2
Water content of feed gas = Saturated
LPG quality = To meet IS- 4576:1999
specification.
Other design considerations were as follows :
The physical design requirements Assumed
Design Air Temperature, 0F 100

Plant Elevation, Ft. above MSL 1000
Wind loading, MPH 120
Soil Loading, PSF 2000
Earthquake Zone Yes, Zone- V
Process :
The process comprises of broadly the following :
(a) Compression
(b) Dehydration
(c) Product extraction through :

(i) On stream cooling by heat exchange
(ii) Turbo expansion
(iii) Removal of non-condensable and Undesired lighter fractions
(d) Product fractionation
(a) Compression :
Inlet gas at 14 Kg/cm2 enters in inlet gas compressor suction scrubber and then compressed in
two stages from two different sources. First it is compressed from 14 Kg/cm 2 to 33.8 Kg/cm2 in
a 4 stage centrifugal compressor driven by a 4500 HP electric motor operating on 11 KV power
supply. The heat of compression is partly used in re-boiling the bottom liquid of de-ethanizer
and then cooled to 37.80C in water cooled heat exchanger before entering the booster
compressor suction scrubber. It is then compressed to 41.9 Kg/cm2 with the help of the booster
compressor driven by the turbo expander. No external energy source is required for this. The
compressed gas is cooled to 37.80C in a water cooled exchanger and then sent through an inlet
filter separator wherein any water that may condense out from compression is knocked out. The
gas is then dried in the dehydrators, two Nos. of which are installed for cyclic operation and
regeneration.
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(b) Dehydration :
The dehydrators are filled with Davidson grade 513 molecular sieve of 4 A 0 size and contains
approximate 11650 Kg. of molecular sieve in each dehydrator. The dryness obtained is to a dew
point of less than -101O C. While one of the dehydrators is on line for drying the inlet gas the
other one goes through a cycle of heating by heated residue gas to remove the water particles
retained within the molecular sieve during the previous operation and then cooling.
The dehydrated gas passes through a dust filter to remove sieve dust etc.
(c) Product extraction :
The gas stream after the dust filter is split into two streams. One stream (70% by volume)
exchanges heat with cold residue gas from the de-ethanizer overhead and expander separator
overhead in the cold gas/gas and warm gas/gas heat exchangers. The other stream (30% by
volume) exchanges heat with the cold separator liquid in the gas-liquid exchanger and also with
the expander separator liquid in the de-ethanizer feed pre-heater. These two streams then
combine to enter the cold separator. By this heat exchange the temperature of the inlet stream
to cold separator drops down to (-47) 0C and the temperature of the cold residue gas increases
to 320C.
The liquid condensed by lowering the temperature of the inlet gas is separated in the cold
separator. These liquids are flashed through the de-ethanizer reflux condenser and gas-liquid
exchanger into the de-ethanizer tower.
Inlet gas from the top of the cold separator is then allowed to expand in the turbine wheels of the
single stage turbine expander to 13.7 Kg/cm2. At the other end of expander shaft is mounted
the single stage booster compressor. The horse-power released by expansion is used for second
stage pressure boost up. At the designed condition horse-power developed would be around
1670 HP. The expander rotates at a speed of 27,000 rpm. Due to the expansion in the turbine
wheel the temperature of the gas stream drops down to around -84 0C and additional
liquefaction takes place.
The gas liquid mixture out of the expander is separated in the expander separator. Liquids thus
collected, flow to the de-ethanizer feed pre-heater and then to the de-ethanizer. The non-
condensed gas at the top of the expander separator goes to join the residue gas stream from de-
ethanizer.
(d) Product Fractionations :
The product fractionation consists of :
(i) A de-ethanizer column with three separate packed sections and

a reboiler
(ii) A de-butanizer column having 34 Glitch ballast trays and
reboiler provision through closed circuit hot oil systems with
direct fired heater.
The liquids formed at the cold separator and the expander separator enter the de-ethanizer
column through the pre-designed section of the column packing. By maintaining proper bottom
temperature with the help of de-ethanizer reboiler and reflux, undesirably liquefied fraction of
C1H4, C2H6 and the excess of C3H8 which is not required for production of LPG is knocked out
from the top. This stream meets the gas stream from the expander separator and forms the
residue gas for the plant. Temperature of the residures as it comes out of expander separator
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and de-ethanizer remains in the range of -760 C. Before letting it out of the plant this additional
refrigeration is recovered in the cold gas gas & warm gas gas exchangers explained earlier.
The bottom liquid from de-ethanizer flows on level control to de-butanizer tower where LPG and
condensate are separated out. LPG comes out at the top which is cooled to ambient temperature
and sent for storage in Bullets & Horton Spheres. The bottom condensate is similarly cooled and
stored in separate storage tanks.
Operation :
The entire process as can be seen is basically a heat exchange system under different pressure,
temperature conditions. Accordingly, recording and controlling of various parameters/
conditions like flow, temperature & pressure are the prime requirement. Control mechanism is
achieved through various pneumatic, electro-magnetic and electronic instruments placed at the
plant and the central control room.
Quality control is achieved through regular analysis of products done at the plant laboratory.
Composition analysis is done by gas & liquid chromatography and physical properties are
checked by weathering & vapour pressure measurements.
Marketing:
Marketing of LPG has been entrusted to IOCL and the quantum of upliftment in packed & bulk
depends on the allocation made by marketing companies. Generally about 3035 % of the total
LPG production is sent in packed and the balance is delivered in bulk through LPG road tankers.
The LPG is pumped to LPG Filling Plant from LPG storage vessels at LPG Recovery Plant. In LPG
Filling Plant --- (i) LPG is bottled into cylinders in Carousel machine which was supplied by
Kosan Crisplant, Denmark (ii) LPG is filled into road tankers. These cylinders and road tankers
are handed over to IOCL for marketing.
The main equipment for LPG Filling Plant is a filling carousel with a provision of 24 filling heads.
The introduction device automatically transfers the cylinder from the chain conveyor to the roller
table of the filling machine. The cylinder is filled in the course of one rotation of the carousel;
the filling time is approximately 60 seconds. At the exit side of the carousel the cylinder is led
back to the chain conveyor via the check scale by means of the automatic ejection device. There
is provision for automatic check weighting of each LPG cylinder. After this the cylinders are
tested for leakage by means of compact valve tester (CVT) and by dipping in an on line water test
bath. Thus cylinder valve O ring, cylinder valve, welding seams and other joints are examined
for leakages. Leaky/ defective cylinders are marked and removed. Under-filled cylinders are
manually topped with a filling gun to ensure correct weight. Over filled and leaky cylinders are
quickly evacuated through the evacuation system provided in the plant. For bulk despatch, a
loading gantry with 3 (Three) filling points and three weigh bridges are provided.
With the installed 18 filling machines in the carousel the bottling capacity of the plant is 750 to
800 cylinders per hour. The existing bulk facility is considered to be adequate for meeting the
present requirement.
HAZARDS AND SAFETY:
The most important aspect in the business of LPG production, storage and handling is the
inherent hazard. LPG by characteristics has several hazardous qualities like- it is heavier than
air, expands to a large volume when exposed to atmosphere, very little vapour of it with air
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makes a flammable mixture and explodes when catches fire. But LPG is one of the most utilized
energies all over the world today. What is required is an elaborate safety system and a conscious
group of people handling it. The elaborate safety systems available in the plant are tested,
calibrated and operated through regular drills to avoid creation of any hazardous situation. The
group of persons working in both the plants is fully aware of the essential safety checks and
requirements.
The plant has several state-of-the-art safety systems necessary for a hazardous hydrocarbon
processing plant. It includes independent fire protection facilities with water reservoir, pumping
system and pressurized fire hydrant network on auto operation mode for fire protection activities
for both the plants and facilities.
Properties of LPG:
LPG is a colourless liquid which readily evaporates into a gas

It has no smell, although it will normally have an odour (because of the addition of
mercaptans) to help detect leaks
It can burn or explode when it is mixed with air and meets a source of ignition
It is heavier than air, so it tends to sink towards the ground
It can flow for long distances along the ground, and can collect in drains, gullies and
cellars LPG liquid can cause cold burns to the skin
FLASH POINT : (-) 1050C

AIR VAPOUR MIXTURE HIGHLY EXPLOSIVE
FLAMMABLE LIMITS : 1.8% LEL - 9.5% UEL
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Various Safety Measures available at LPG plant
1. General safety
2. Electrical safety
3. Work Permit System
General Safety:
Alarm and shut- down system
ESD Device
Safety Relief Valves
Fire Drill
Inspection of Plant
Gas Detection System
Fire Alarm System
Periodical Safety Audit by both ESA & ISA Team
Electrical Safety
Earthing system in LPG Recovery & Filling plant

- System earthing for current carrying conductor
- Equipment earthing for non-current carrying metal work
Special Protection of Electrical Equipments in hazardous areas
- Flame proof or explosion proof
- Non-sparking
- Pressurized Instrumentation, motor of 3.3 KV, 6.6KV and 33KV
Lightning Protection
Various Fire Protection facility at LPG plant are-
Water monitors & hydrant points

Medium velocity water spray system
Fire extinguishers and sand bucket
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Fire Safety System
Fire Water Pump
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N.B. Name Discharge Head
Pump-1 Hydrant Pump 410 m3/hr 88
Pump-2 Spray pump-A 410 m3/hr 88
Pump-3 Spray pump-B 410 m3/hr 88
Pump-4 Sprinkler pump 275 m3/hr 88
DEFP-1 Engine driven 410 m3/hr 88
DEFP-2 Engine driven 410 m3/hr 88
Jockey Pump-1 20 m3/hr 90
Jockey Pump-2 20 m3/hr 90
1) Jockey Pump 1 or 2- auto start 4.6Kg/cm2 and auto stop at 8.4kg/cm2

2) Idle time of Jockey pumps are 12 mins
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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
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Safety during Maintenance

HUMAN SAFETY
PLANT AND EQUIPMENT SAFETY
Human Safety
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WORKING AT HEIGHT- WEAR SAFETY BELT

STRIKE BY OTHER OBJECT/ FALLING OBJECT FROM HEIGHT-WEAR HELMETS,
SAFETY SHOES ETC.
COLD BURN, HOT OIL, HOT LINES- WEAR HANDGLOVES
EXPOSURE TO DUST, INHALATION OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES - WEAR APPROPRIATE
MUSKS
SPRINKLING OF ACIDS, HOT OIL ETC.- WEAR GOGGLES
PLANT AND EQUIPMENT SAFETY
FOLLOW WORK PERMIT SYSTEM

COLD WORK PERMIT
HOT WORK PERMIT
EQUIPMENT PROPERLY DRAINED, DEPRESSURIZED
EQUIPMENT ELECTRICALLY ISOLATED
FIREFIGHTING ARRANGEMENT READY
SPECIAL ATTENTION REQUIRED IN CASE OF HOT JOBS
USE OF NON-SPARKING TOOLS AS & WHEN REQUIRED
GENERAL SAFETY CODE
Every employee / visitor / contractor / contractor employee must observe safety rules /
precautions and insist on its observance by others also.
Smoking is strictly prohibited inside LPG Recovery and Filling Plant Premises.
Naked light is strictly prohibited inside LPG Recovery and Filling Plant Premises
Carrying of matches or any other means of ignition source is strictly prohibited inside LPG
Recovery and Filling Plant Premises. Before entering the premises, matches and lighters
must be deposited at the Security Main Gate.
Do not wear loose clothing like Dhoti, Sari, Tie, etc in plant area as it is dangerous near
running machinery.
Wear cotton protective suits. Synthetic cloths may generate static electricity, which can be
source of ignition in hydrocarbon processing plant.
Using of mobile phone is also strictly prohibited inside LPG Recovery and Filling Plant
Premises
05 SCENERIOS OF ON-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN AT LPG RECOVERY AND FILLING PLANT
1) IN CASE OF FIRE IN LPG RECOVERY PLANT AREA

2) IN CASE OF FIRE IN LPG DESPAECH PUMP HOUSE IN LPG
BULLET AREA
3) IN CASE OF FIRE IN LPG FILLING PLANT AREA
4) IN CASE OF ROAD TANKERS BEING FILLED ON FIRE IN LPG FILLING PLANT
5) IN CASE OF MASSIVE HYDROCARBON GAS ESCAPE
IN LPG RECOVERY AND FILLING PLANTS
IMPORTANT STEPS IN CASE OF FIRE IN LPG RECOVERY PLANT OR FILLING PLANT

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1. Shift Engineer (operation) / Dy.SE (PD) /Sr.E (P/D) will immediately dial 7333 to intimate
Fire Service after receiving information about fire incident and parallely arrange to
activate the Fire Siren.
2. JE-II (Operation) will operate deluge valves of the incident area, if required he will close
the ROVs from Bottom Control Room of the incident area as per shift engineer instruction.
ROVs of Mounded bullets will be operated by shift engineer from top control room if
required.
3. One JE-II (Operation) will attend Fire Pumps in Fire Pump House.
4. Second JE-II (Operation) with tradesman will attend water monitors and hydrants.
5. JE-II ( Electrical ) will monitor the fire hydrant pumps AMPs
6. HEAD-LPG will man the LPG Control Room along with shift engineer and inform purposes
concerned about the incident. He will constantly in touch with Installation Manager the
main coordinator of fire fighting activities and directs the whole operation.
In case of fire in LPG Recovery Plant, IM (LPG Recovery Plant) will assist HEAD-LPG. And
in case of LPG Filling Plant, IM (Filling Plant) will assist HEAD-LPG.
7. Dy.SE (PD)/ Sr.E (P/D) will operate Dispatch line ROVs in case of fire in office hrs. from
Filling plant office veranda.
8. IM (LPG Recovery Plant) assisted by DSO (LPG) will organize actual fire fighting in the
field. He will liaise with HEAD-LPG in LPG RP, In case of LPG FP, IM (Filling plant) will
assist him.
9. Dy.C.E (E) will arrange for continuous monitoring of the fire water pumps and switch gear
room as necessary. He will liaise IM (LPG Recovery Plant).
10. SE (I) will check whether Fire Station has been properly informed about the fire. He will
arrange for First Aid Services and Ambulance Services. He will liaise IM (LPG Recovery
Plant). SE (I) will ensure to depute a suitable representative from LPG department in the
site control room near LPG RP/FP.
11. CE (M) assisted by Dy.SE (M)/Sr.E (M) will co-ordinate with Head-Field Engineering. He
will arrange for water replenish Fire Water Tank. Extend necessary help to IM (LPG
Recovery Plant).
12. Dy Suptdg. Chemist (QC) assisted by Assistant Officer (Admin) will arrange to keep
approach road clear for fire tenders. He will liaise with Security,CISF and PR.
ACHIEVEMENTS:
Though the quality of gas has deteriorated over the years, the plant has been able to maintain
production of over 50,000 tonnes of LPG per year for last fifteen years.
OILs LPG Recovery plant is a single-train plant, which means that two of its major equipment
without which the plant can not be run, do not have stand-by. But through highest standard of
maintenance, the availability of the plant has gone up as high as 99.95 % which is considered as
an excellent record for a single-train plant by any standard.
LPG department has achieved the credibility of ISO-9001:2000 certificate for Quality
Management System with effect from 30.10.2003 as recognition to its high standard of
functioning. It is the first department of Oil India Limited to have this distinction. The
department has also achieved certification ISO-14001 for Environment Management System and
OHSAS-18001 for Occupational Health and Safety Management System.
--- 0 ---
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Electrical
Electricity is an integral utility in modern society with links to everything from a human's
subconscious fear of the dark to the practical need for working in an industrialized world. The
entire world essentially runs on electricity, in one form or another.
Function of Electrical Engineering Department
Electrical Engineering department is responsible for providing reliable and quality power to
Fields operation, LPG production, Housing & Civic area through its own captive power
generation, transmission & distribution network. It also provides operational and support
services to various Drilling & work over rigs, Production installations and Housing & Civic
installations.
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Utilisation Project
Transmission
Rigs
& Distribution
Electrical
P&A,
Generation Engineering Workshop
Department
Concept of Generating Stations
A Generating Station employs a prime mover (Steam Turbine, Gas Turbine, Diesel Engine, Wind
Turbine, Solar Turbine, Hydro Turbine) coupled to a generator for production of electrical power.
The Prime Mover converts other form of energy into mechanical energy
The Generator converts mechanical energy of the prime mover into electrical energy
Gas Turbine Power Plant
A generating station which employs Gas Turbine as the prime mover for the generation of
electricity is known as Gas Turbine Power Plant.
In Gas Turbine, air is used as the working fluid. The air is compressed by an air compressor and
is led to the combustion chamber. In combustion chamber, fuel is burnt to raise the temperature
of the working fluid. The hot & high pressure air is then passed through gas turbine section;
where it expands and does the mechanical work. The gas turbine drives the generator which
produces the output electricity.
Generation of power by operation of Gas Turbine Generating sets in OIL
- 2 x 14.45 MW Gas Turbine at Duliajan Power Station.
- 2 x 3MW Gas Turbines at Moran Power Station.
Transmission & Distribution network of an electrical system is analogue to the circulatory

system of a human body.
In Electrical Engineering Department, preventive and breakdown maintenance of 5 switchyards,

93 substations, 1 compact substation, 125 transformers, 297 OCB/VCB, 73 ACB, 534 Relays
and 35 Feeder pillars is carried out. Also, preventive and breakdown maintenance of 33 KV
power distribution network, 11 KV power distribution network, 3.3 KV power distribution
network and LT power distribution network is carried out.
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Power generated is utilized in production and industrial installations. Residential areas of OIL
are also fed power through overhead and underground cables. Remote installations are fed
power from local satellite power houses. Support services to all the Drilling and Work-over
operations in NHK, Moran, Digboi and A.P. Fields are also provided by Electrical Engineering
Department.
Power Packs
A Power Pack consists of an engine as prime mover and an alternator coupled together. An
alternator is also known as A.C. Generator.
Electrical Power in Rigs
Generation- DIESEL ENGINE Coupled with AC GENERATOR
Drives- Draw Works, Mud Pumps, Rotary Table, Auxiliaries
Motors- DC Motors, AC Motors
PCRs- Controls for Generation, DWs, MPs, ECBs, Auxiliaries
Illumination- Flood lights, Well-glass fittings, GP fittings, FLP, NFLP
Layout of Electrical AC- SCR Drive Rig
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SELECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT IN HAZARDOUS AREA
The criteria to select particular type of electrical/ electronic equipment are:
1. The type of protection required in the hazardous area vis-a- vis zonal classification of
hazardous area.
2. The Temperature classification of the apparatus in relation to the ignition temperature of the
gases and vapours involved.
3. Gas Group classification of the apparatus in relation to the relevant properties of the gases
and vapours in the area of use.
4. The apparatus construction and enclosure in relation to the environmental condition (IP
Protection).
5. Miscellaneous consideration (compatibility of auxiliary components in hazardous

environment).
Electrical Department mainly complies with following Acts, Rules, Regulations
CEA, regulation 2010
OMR Regulations, 1984 & Mines Act 1952.
I. E.E Regulations.
I. P Codes & Practices.
B.I.S.
National Electrical Code, 1985.
OISD Standards.
Departmental Standing Orders.
Provisions under Central Mining Research Institute (CMRI).
Provisions under Director General of Mines Safety. (DGMS).
Any other regulations / Codes/Practices amended up to date.
Hazardous area
IS 5572:Hazardous area is an area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is present, or likely to

be present, in quantities such as to require special precautions for the construction, installation
and use of electrical apparatus.
Explosive Gas & Fire
Many liquids, gases and vapours, which, in industry are generated, processed, handled and
stored are combustible. When ignited these may burn readily and with considerable explosive
force when mixed with air in the appropriate proportions. In electrical installations, essential
ignition sources include arcs, sparks or hot surfaces produced either in normal operation or
under specified fault conditions.
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Explosive Limits: Values for the concentration of a flammable gas or vapour in air under
atmospheric conditions, which can be ignited by an electrical arc or spark. These limits are
called the lower explosive limit (LEL) and the upper explosive limit (UEL).
Area Classification
Hazardous area classification is a method of analyzing and classifying the environment, where
explosive gas atmospheres may occur, to allow the proper selection of electrical apparatus to be
installed in that environment.
ZONE 0:An area in which hazardous atmosphere is continuously present. In petroleum industry
such a condition is rarely encountered except in confined spaces such as the vapour space of
closed process vessels, storage tanks or closed containers. In Zone 0, any arc or spark would
almost certainly lead to fire or explosion.
ZONE 1:An area in which an explosive gas/air mixture is likely to occur in normal operation. (IS:
5572)
Flammable gas or vapour concentration is likely to exist in the air under normal operating
conditions.
Flammable atmospheric concentration is likely to occur because of maintenance, repairs

or leakage.
Flammable liquid or vapour piping system (containing valves, meters, or screwed or

flanged fittings) is in an inadequately ventilated area
The area below the surrounding elevation or grade in such a way that flammable liquids
or vapours may accumulate therein.
ZONE 2: An area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is not likely to occur in normal operation
and if it does occur it will exist for a short period only. (IS: 5572)
The system, handling flammable liquid or vapour in an adequately ventilated area ,is so
designed and operated that the explosive or ignitable liquids, vapours or gases will
normally be confined within closed containers or closed systems from which they can
escape only during abnormal conditions such as accidental release of a gasket or packing.
Zone 1 & 2 Areas in OIL Industry
Mud Tank and Channel: The free space above the level of mud in tank and channel shall be
Zone 1 hazardous area; the area in a radius of 3.0 m in all directions from the edge of mud
tank and channel shall be Zone 2 hazardous area.
Shale Shaker: The area within a radius of 1.5 m in all directions from the shale shaker to open
air shall be Zone 1 hazardous area. The area beyond 1.5 m and up to 3 m in all directions from
the shale shaker shall be Zone 2 hazardous area.
Desander and Desilter : The area within a radius of 1.5 m in all directions from the desander
and desilter located in open air shall be Zone 2 hazardous area.
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Storage Tanks: In case of floating roof tank, the space above the floating roof and inside the
enclosure up to top level of the enclosure wall shall be Zone 1 hazardous area; the area beyond
Zone 1 hazardous area and up to a radius of 4.5 m in all directions from tank shell and shell
top shall be Zone 2 hazardous area. In case of a dyke, Zone 2 hazardous area shall extend
vertically up to the height of the dyke and horizontally up to the physical boundary of the dyke
area.
Pump or Gas Compressors : Where a pump handling a flammable liquid or a gas compressor is
located in open air or under well ventilated shed without walls, the area lying up to 3m in all
directions from the pump or compressor shall be Zone 2 hazardous area
Pig Trap: The area within a radius of 1.5 m of pig launching/receiving trap extending in all
directions shall be Zone 1 hazardous area. The area lying beyond Zone 1 hazardous area and
up to a radius of 3 m in all directions from pig launching/receiving trap shall be Zone 2
hazardous area.
Types of equipment used in Hazardous Area
FLAMEPROOF EQUIPMENT (Ex d)
Definition as per IS 2148
A type of protection in which the parts can ignite an explosive atmosphere are to be placed in an
enclosure, which can withstand the pressure developed during internal explosion of an explosive
mixture, and which prevents the transmission of the explosion to the explosive atmosphere
surrounding the enclosure.
INTRINSICALLY SAFE EQUIPMENT (Ex i)
A type of protection which a circuit or part of the circuit is intrinsically safe when any spark or
thermal effect produced normally is incapable, under prescribed test conditions, of causing
ignition of prescribed gas or vapour.
INCREASED SAFETY EQUIPMENT (Ex e)
A type of protection by which measures are applied so as to prevent with a minor degree of
security, the possibility of excessive temperature and the occurrence of arcs or sparks in the
interior and the external parts of electrical apparatus which does not produce them in normal
service
PRESSURIZATION TYPE (Ex p)
A type of protection by which the entry of surrounding atmosphere into the enclosure of the
electrical apparatus is prevented by maintaining inside the said enclosure, a protective gas at a
higher than that of the surrounding atmosphere.
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NON-SPARKING TYPE EQUIPMENT (Ex n)
A type of protection applied to electrical apparatus such that , in normal operation it is not
capable of igniting a surrounding atmosphere and a fault capable of causing ignition is not likely
to occur
RECOMMENDED PROTECTION METHODS FOR ZONE 0
No electrical equipment should be allowed.
When this is not practicable, Ex i apparatus or circuits to be used
Motors- Ex d, Ex p
Transformers & Capacitors - Ex d
Control & Instrument Transformers - Ex i
Lighting Fitting - Ex d
Switch Gear & Control Gear - Ex d
Communication/ Telephone equipment/Meters - Ex i
Portable Hand Lamps- Ex i
Motors- Ex d, Ex p, Ex n, Ex e,
Transformers & Capacitors - Ex d, Ex p (auxiliary devices to be located in pressurized

room/hermetically sealed / intrinsically safe)
Control & Instrument Transformers - Ex i
Lighting Fitting - Ex d, Ex e, Ex n
Switch Gear & Control Gear - Ex d,
Communication/ Telephone equipment/Meters - Ex i
Portable Hand Lamps- Ex i
Electrical hazard
The major hazards associated with electricity are electrical shock and fire
Electric Shock
It can be defined as sudden & accidental stimulation of body's nervous system by electric
current.
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ELECTRIC SHOCK can be felt when body becomes part of the circuit and current enters at one
point and leaves from the other point;
Touching bare live conductor
Touching poorly insulated conductor
Static electricity
Lightning
Touching body of an equipment which has become live.
The severity of electric shock depends on the following factors
The rate of flow of current through the body.
The path of the current through the body.
The length of time the body is in circuit.
Frequency of current.
Phase of heart cycle when shock occurs.
Physical and psychological condition of the person.
In order to prevent electrical accidents the following points should be noted
Haste causes many accidents, be sure of what you are doing.
Immediately report to person in-charge any dangerous condition or practice you have
observed.
Before working electrical equipment or other motor driven machines, switch off power
supply for general jobs
For electrical jobs make sure that it cannot be set in motion without your permission by
remove fuses & installing danger board on controlling switch.
Thoroughly discharge all cables to earth before starting the work.
Place electrical insulating mat in front of switchboards
Do not close any switch unless you are familiar with the circuit which it controls and
know the reasons for it being open.
Do not work on live circuits. Make sure that all safety precautions have been taken.
Do not close or open switch hesitantly. - do it after all sort of confirmation
Do not throw water on live electrical apparatus in case of fire. Use proper extinguisher.
Visitors & unauthorized persons should not be allowed to touch or handle electrical
apparatus or come in danger zone of high voltage equipment.
Some causes leading to fire

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Overloading of conductors/cables and equipment.
Electrical heat source close to flammable materials.
Short circuits in wiring/cables.
Poor or loose connections giving rise to sparking
Use of inferior grade materials/equipment
Frequent blowing of fuses leading to heavy sparking.
Generation of static electricity
Human resistance
Body area Resistance to Current
Dry Skin 100K. Ohms to 660 K. Ohms
Wet skin 1K. Ohm
Hand to Foot 400 Ohms to 600 Ohms
Ear to Ear 100 Ohms
PROTECTION OF CIRCUITS:
In order to restrict the short circuit currents and also isolate the faulty circuit from electric
supply so that high short circuit current is interrupted before fire starts, appropriate protective
devices need to be used
Fuses: use wires of correct current rating should be used. DO NOT INCREASE THE FUSE
CAPACITY FOR PREVENTING OR ELIMINATING FREQUENT FUSE BLOW-UPS
MCBs : (Miniature Circuit Breakers )are gaining increasing prominence as it effectively

forms combination of switch & fuse with specified level of fault clearing capacity. It can be
used to protect individual circuits. It has an advantage since no replacement is required
and it can be reset on elimination of fault and switched on again.
Why grounding ?
Equipments can become live while in operation
If someone accidentally touch such equipments he may get electric shock,
To avoid this equipments are connected to earth or ground, through a low resistance
path, so that the electrical energy is diverted to earth.
If someone touch properly earthed equipment current will not flow through his body as
body resistance is more than the earth resistance
It has been observed that in many industrial, domestic and commercial premises, grounding
system has become unreliable. It is essential that earth resistance should be as low as possible.
It is specified that for protective purpose, the same should not exceed 0.2 Ohms.
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EARTH LEAKAGE CIRCUIT B R E A K E R (E L C B)
CEA regulation 2010 was amended to include use of ELCB a mandatory requirement for
more than 5 KW of electrical load to take care of electrical current leakages which may
result into shock.
The salient features of ELCB are -
Current operated
Operates on core balance current transformer principle.
Operates even in case neutral failure.
Trips within set values (30 / 100 / 300 milli amps etc.)
Trip free mechanism - i.e. during fault resetting is impossible and trips even if held
forcibly in "ON" position.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN DOMESTIC I N S T A L L AT I O N S
1. Do not touch an electric switch or appliance when hands are wet.
2. Be alert while replacing fuse/inserting plugs.
3. Do not use copper wire as a substitute for fuse wire.
4. Do not use wires with poor insulation.
5. Do not replace fuse unless the cause is detected.
6. Do not hang wet clothes on electrical fittings/conducts.
7. Use 3 pin plugs and ensure that earth connection is proper.
8. Take help of qualified & licensed electrician for any alterations / modifications in wiring.
9. Do not replace bulb or any appliance with switch in "ON" condition.
10. Do not shift any appliance with switch in "ON" condition.
11. Check earthing frequently for physical damage, if any.
12. In case minor shock is felt anywhere, do not neglect it - contact licensed electrician.
13. Check the electrical specifications of equipment before it is switched "ON" viz. 110V,
230V, 110V, 440V etc.
14. Do not over load any socket outlet
15. Do not use multi plugs as they causes short circuits
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Precautions to avoid fire arising out of electricity
Use good quality (ISI marked) wires/cables.
Avoid joints in wiring - soldering and proper mechanical joints should be made if the same
cannot be avoided.
All wiring should be renewed after ageing.
Fuses used for protection should be of adequate capacity. The ratings should not be increased
without ascertaining reason of fuse blowing.
Fuse boards should be away from combustible materials like paper, oil, curtains etc.
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DRILLING DEPARMENT
WHAT IS DRILLING: Drilling is the process of making hole and removal of generated cuttings
simultaneously.
WHY DRILLING?
Drilling is done for construction of wells in search and production of oil and gas
(Petroleum/Hydrocarbon). Both of these oil and gas are highly inflammable and catches fire very
easily.
WHAT ARE OIL AND GAS?

Oil and Gas are substances found within the earths crust.
They are thought to come from decomposed plant and animal matter.
Scientists believe the plants and animals died long ago, and were slowly buried by thick layers
of sediments. Over a long period of time, and with pressure and temperature, the organic
materials were converted into the oil and gas which are found today.
UTILITY OF OIL& GAS:

The oil extracted from oilwell is called Crude oil.
Form crude oil we get: Gasolene, Petrol, Diesel, Kerosene, Wax, Bitumen etc
From Gas: Plastic, Synthetic clothes, Chemical required daily utilities, paints , fertilizers etc
WHAT ARE REQUIRED TO DRILL OIL/ GAS WELLS?

Drilling Rig: A package of Special Structure (Mast & substructure), Engines, Generators,
Machines(Drwaworks, Winch, Cranes etc), Pumps (Rig-Pumps, Water pumps, Mud mixing
pumps, Cementing pumps etc), Special Tools & Equipment (Travelling Block, Hook, Swivel
Kelly, Elevators, Slips, Rig-tongs, Shale shakers, D-Sander, D-Silter, D-gasser, Agitators
etc) , Tanks (Mud tanks, Water tanks, Diesel tanks etc), Tubulars (Drill-Collars, drill Pipes
etc), Safety & Security Equipment & System (BOP & Control System, Fire Fighting
System, Emergency Escape Device, Fall Prevention Devices, PPE, Guards, rails,
Communication System, First Aid, Emergency Vehicle, Security Personnel, Fencing,
Environment protection System etc).
Consumables: Cutters (Drill Bits), Casing Pipes, Liners, Tubing, Special equipment,
Cement, Chemicals, Fuel (Diesel/ petrol), Luboil and Water.
Trained crew.
DIFFERENT STAGES OF CONSTRUCTION OF OIL/GAS WELLS:

A. Identification of location
B. Plinth/ Location preparation
C. ILM (Inter Location Movement) or Rig-Movement
D. Rig-Assembly (Rigging up)
E. Spudding in
F. Drilling & Tripping
G. Casing
H. Cementing
I. Well Head/ BOP Stack Hook-up
J. Well Completion & Production Testing
K. Rigging Down for ILM
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A) IDENTIFICATION OF LOCATION:
How do we find the oil reservoirs/ Locations?
Geophysicists find reservoirs by bouncing sound waves off them, and timing how long it
takes for the sound to come back
Computers process the data to construct pictures of what the earth looks like
underground.
Geologists & Geophysicists based on the result of survey, identifies probable zone of interest/
rock and then surface position is fixed for drilling of well in search of oil/gas.
Safety starts right from the word go for exploration of oil & gas. Apply Common Sense.
Concentrate in job. Hence let us discuss below about on job/ on Rig safety right from Survey/
Search operation.
Explosives and electric cables are used for survey. Explosive must be handled only by the
trained personnel.
Without knowledge no cable or explosives should be handled. Not to try anything without
proper knowledge.
Work under strict supervision of trained personnel.
Shot-holes are to be drilled by trained people. No hole should be left unattended/
unguarded/uncovered.
Be away from shot hole from the time preparation for charging of explosive is undertaken.
B) Plinth/ Location preparation:

Plinth is prepared according to Rig layout i.e position of the equipment, requirement of
pits and fencing.
Wear required PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
Do not gossip/ wander/ dream. Be watchful. Keep your eyes and ears open about
happenings and work in full sense.
Mind your behavioral aspect. Do not come or work in intoxicated condition. It may cause
accident/ death to you and your co-worker and ruin your family.
Watch the vehicles plying and unloading materials.
Watch your feet/ uneven surface/ holes etc.
Do not tamper or try to work on wells on the plinth or anything that you are not well
acquainted.
C) ILM (INTER LOCATION MOVEMENT):
Prior to ILM plinth area must be well fenced and guarded with Security personnel.
Wear required PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
During ILM many vehicles work/ move simultaneously. Be careful about their movement
and activities.
During loading offloading only the personnel engaged for the specific job should be there.
No one is supposed to wander about.
Ensure use of proper size slings having no torn strand and loops must be in good
condition when handing loads by Crane or Oil-field trucks.
Do not stack/ dump or place materials haphazardly or unsafe way to create potential
hazard.
Be aware of Crane capacity at different Boom inclination/ angle before handing heavy
items.
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There are incident of Boom/ Mast collapse or even toppling of whole crane/Oilfield truck.
Place right item at right place. Do not misuse of equipment/ machineries out of
overconfidence.
Do not offload/load/handle items if your sight is blocked unless proper signal by right
person is there.
Do not allow anyone to stay or pass across under a heavy lifted item.
Be very careful about existing wells. Particularly when working/ loading/offloading any
item near it. The existing live wells if any must be well protected.
Only the authorized vehicle should be allowed to enter well site.
GENERAL SAFETY:
Before we know about safety in drilling operation, let us discuss about General safety applicable
in allDrilling & Work-over operations.
PPE (Personal Protective equipment): These are the most essential appliances required for
personal safeguards while working at work-site. These are Safety helmet, Safety Shoe, Proper
Hand Gloves,
Coverall, Safety Goggles, Ear-Plugs/ muffs, Respirator, Fire suit, Welding-Shield etc.
Safety Helmet: Each and every crew working/ visiting Drilling/ Work-over Rig must wear
approved type non-metallic/ nonconductive helmet with strap. It protects from impact and
penetration of falling or swinging/flying objects or prevents head injury when falling on hard
surface. Particularly when working on rig-floor, underneath some structure/ machineries, there
is possibility of falling objects or striking of head against hard obstructions. Hence, wearing of
safety helmet is a must. Complacency may cost life.
Safety Shoe: It is required to avoid or reduce the number and severity of Toe, Feet & part of leg
injuries. Due to working environment and the abuses encountered in Drilling & Workover rigs,
the shoes should be sturdy, made of leather or neoprene, sole should be oil resistant & skid-
proof and approved type.
Hand Gloves: It prevents minor injuries to employees working with heavy machineries, handling
rough materials or skin irritants/ chemicals. Proper gloves depending on nature of job should be
used. Only short and proper size should be worn in drilling and work-over operation. Gauntlet
gloves may be caught by the elevators, tong-jaws or other objects or moving machineries.
RIG PERSONNEL SHOULD NEVER WEAR FINGER RINGS WHILE ON JOB
Coverall: Close fitting Coverall preferably with long-sleeve provide protection against sun-burn,
insect bites, scratches, contact with many undesired substances and flash burns. Loose
untucked clothes may be caught by equipment and machineries and may cause serious / fatal
accident. It should be washed frequently. Particularly oil-absorbed clothes/ coverall being a fire
hazard and skin-irritant must not be used.
Safety Goggles: Eyes being critical and delicate organ, eye protection must not be neglected as
even minor injury may have serious complications. Approved type goggles must be worn while
replacing jaws, Dies, chain-pins; hammering on hard and brittle object, chipping, scrapping,
grinding, using wire brush for cleaning threads/ removing rusts & paints, breaking metal,
chipping paints, cutting wirelines, sledging rockbits or coreheads (not at all recommended. Done
only when to decided to scrap), breaking concrete.
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One must wear splash proof chemical goggles or face shields when handling injurious chemical
liquids, powders, vapours or cleaning machineries with compressed air or steam.
Ear Plug/ Ear Muff: Why should you use earplug when noise is above normal?
Noise introduces two health hazards:-
Occupational deafness.
Risk of high level of stress.
Hearing loss occurs mostly as a result of months or even years of exposure to moderate
levels of noise. Survey should be done to identify work places where sound level exceeds
85 Dba.
EXPOSURE LIMIT IN
(HR/DAY) dBA
8 90
4 93
2 96
1 99
1/2 102
1/4 105
1/8 108
1/16 111
1/32 114
Warning: No person shall enter/ is allowed to enter without appropriate ear protection, an area
in which the sound level is 115dB(A) or more. This is as per OMR, 1984.
For Your information: In OIL, Maximum sound is generated by Caterpillar Rig-engines in

Drilling Rigs where the sound level at 1.0m distance varies from 92 100dB (approx/ average)
and at 5.0m distance 84 93dB ((approx/ average). However, you must wear ear protective
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equipment provided to you while working in these areas. OIL has purchased several Cat engines
with Acoustic enclosure and future procurement of hi-sound making engines will be with such
enclosure. OIL has also retrofitted such enclosures in few rigs and the process is on.
Respirator: Specially designed Respirator should always be worn by employees engaged with
Spray painting in confined area in particular or even in open for considerable period. Anyone
working in harmful gaseous environment (toxic dust/ gas) must wear such Respirator.
Welding-Shield/ goggles: Anyone who must work near electric arc welding should wear special
Arc welding goggles to protect against harmful strong light rays. In case of Gas welding specific
welder goggles should be worn.
Work Postures:
Rig-personnel; should always maintain good work posture, with firm footing and good balance.
Many sprains and strains are the direct result of awkward/ bad posture. No employee should
never attempt to lift an object exceeding his ability. Be aware of the posture for lifting heavy Drill
pipe slips. Do not extend your back maximum like cantilever to avoid back injury.
To avoid back injuries in lifting, workers should use appropriate tools & equipment like Cathead,
winch, boom, Pulleys, lever/ crowbar, jacks, blocks& tackles etc. wherever possible otherwise
take help of co-employee.
Safe Distances:
a) Smoking, Naked light, spark, electronic item (camera, mobile phones, lighter, Laptop,
Tabs etc) are allowed within 30m from any well, Separator, Petroleum Storage tank or
other source of probable inflammable gases.
b) No Flame type equipment should be placed within 30m from any well, Separator,
Petroleum Storage tank or other source of probable inflammable gases except such
equipment fitted with flame arrestor.
c) Dead leaves or dry vegetation shall not be allowed to accumulate or remain and
combustible materials other than required for use within 24 hrs shall not be stored with
in distance of 15 m from oil or gas well or fuel tank storage area.
d) Where an IC engine is located within 30m of any well. Separator, storage tank,-
a. Its exhaust pipe shall be insulated or sufficiently cooled and the end of the
exhaust pipe shall be directed away from well head; and
b. Its exhaust manifold be shielded to prevent its contact with liquids or gases which
might otherwise fall on it.
e) Where a Diesel engine is located within 30m of a well, it shall be provided with an air take
shut off valve with readily accessible remote control arrangement.
f) All the Plants, Derrick, machineries shall be effectively earthed for dissipation of any static
electric charge.
g) Welding/ Cutting work can only be done by competent welder within hazardous area or
within plinth area only after obtaining Hot Work Permit from Manger/ IM/ or authorized
person.
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h) No welding cutting work shall be undertaken in hazardous area unless the area is duly
examined and found gas-free by competent person authorized for the purpose. A Report of
such examination shall be recoded and shall be signed by the person making such
examination.
i) Welder during welding/ cutting must ensure that No flammable material, oil, grease. Oil-
soaked earth, matches, lighter or smoking apparatus or any other source capable of
igniting flammable gases are present at or around his place of work. Hence a DGMS
approved portable Explosimeter is a must at site for all the time
j) During welding/ cutting work adequate no of Foam or Dry chemical type Fire
Extinguishers should be readily available.
k) When welding/ cutting job is done in confined place, adequate ventilation by mechanical
means should be constantly provided to prevent accumulation of flammable gas.
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Hazardous Zones in Drilling Rig:
Hazardous Area Classification and its significance:
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According to severity of probability of existence of inflammable gas/ substances and potential

hazards therein, some areas in Drilling and work-over rigs are classified as ZONE-I & ZONE-II
where specified items which are approved by DGMS can only be used.
Classification of Hazardous area by virtue of Notification No. 1(6)2001 Genl./3604-3753,
dated 12.09.2001 from DGMS is reproduced below in Toto which is in force in Drilling and
Work-over operations.
QUOTE
DRILLING AND WORKOVER OPERATIONS:
(1) WELL-HEAD AREA:
a) When the derrick is not enclosed and the substructure is open to ventilation, the area in
all directions from the base of rotary table extending upto 3.0 m shall be zone 2
hazardous areas. Any cellars, trenches and pits below the ground level shall be zone 1
hazardous area; the area lying upto3.0 m in horizontal direction from the edge of any
cellars, trenches or pit and 0.5 m vertically above the cellars, trenches or pit shall be zone
2 hazardous area.
b) When the derrick floor and substructure are enclosed, the enclosed substructure below
the derrick floor, including cellars, pits or sumps below the ground level, shall be zone 1
hazardous area; the enclosed area above the derrick floor shall be zone 2 hazardous area.
(2) MUD TANK AND CHANNEL :

The free-space above the level of mud in tank and channel shall be zone 1 hazardous area; the
areain a radius of 3.0 m in all directions from the edge of mud tank and channel shall be zone
2hazardous areas.
(3) SHALE SHAKER :

a) The area within a radius of 1.5 m in all directions from the shale shaker in open air shall
be zone 1 hazardous area. The area beyond 1.5 m and upto 3 m in all directions from the
shale shaker shall be zone 2 hazardous area.
b) When the shale shaker is located in an enclosure, the enclosed area shall be zone 1
hazardous area to the extent of the enclosure. The area outside the shale shaker and up
to 1.5 m in all directions from the shale shaker shall be zone 2 hazardous area.
(4) DEGASSER:
The area within a radius of 1.5 from the open end of the vent extending in all directions shall be
zone 1: the area beyond 1.5 m and upto 3 m in all directions from the open end of vent shall be
zone 2 hazardous area.
(5) DESANDER AND DESILTER:

The area within a radius of 1.5 m in all directions from the de-sander and de-silter located in
open air shall be zone 2 hazardous area.
(6) EFFLUENT PIT AND OPEN SUMP:

The free space above the level of flammable liquid within the effluent pit or sump shall be zone 1
hazardous area, the free space lying up to 3.0 m in horizontal direction from the edge of any
effluent pit or sump and 0.5 m vertically above the effluent pit or open sump shall be zone 2
hazardous areas.
- UNQUOTE
HOT WORK PERMIT:
All hot work such as welding, grinding, gas cutting, burning, shot blasting, soldering, chipping,
excavation, open fire; use of certain non-explosion proof equipment etc. shall be carried out
through Hot Work Permit. Entry and operation of petrol or diesel driven vehicles or equipment in
hazardous area also falls in the category of hot work, and shall be performed under the hot work
permit.
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IMPORTANT TO KNOW ABOUT HOT WORK PERMIT:

a) Hot Work Permit (Triplicate) must be obtained from Manager/IM/Authorised competent
Person.
b) There is prescribed Format in which the permit is issued. All the checks, procedure &
formalities as stipulated in the prescribed Format must be carried out prior to issue of
such permit. You have tounderstand and comply with the special instructions given in the
Permit.
c) Most importantly, Gas testing (Hydrocarbon/ Toxic Gas/ Oxygen deficiency) prior to issue
of the permit is a must. No hot work is permitted unless Explosimeter reading is Zero.
d) Gas testing is to be carried out by trained/ competent person and reading is to be
indicated in there port in the Permit itself with all details including name, signature of
Tester and Receiver.
e) At the time of issue both Issuer & Receiver will sign with name & designation.
f) After completion of whole process/ job, the job is to be closed with time & date and there
bothIssuer and the Receiver will sign with name & designation.
Electrical Isolation and Energisation Permit: In case of Electrically powered equipment, before
issuing any work permit, it is essential that the equipment / facility is to be electrically safe and
electrical power is isolated to the extent necessary for the safe conduct of the authorized work.
This
Permit has two Sections- (A) for Isolation & (B) For Energization. Original along with a copy shall
be issued to the electrical section with request for electrical isolation. Electrical section
authorized person upon isolation of the equipment / circuit shall return the original to the
issuer with Certification of Isolation keeping copy for record. After the job is over, Request is be
made to Electrical for energization in another section (B). Upon energization, he will issue
Certificate of Energization in original keeping a copy with him. This Isolation/ Energization
Permit is to be interfaced with the Work Permit (Hot or Cold).
For excavation work regardless of the depth, permission from various sections shall be obtained
with precautions to be taken for the underground facilities viz; sewers, telephone lines, cables,
pipelines etc.
Copy of permission for excavation shall be attached to the work permit. A feedback system shall
be in place to inform all the concerned department /section about the completion of work.
COLD WORK PERMIT:

Work falling under the category of cold work such as opening/ maintenance of process/
installation machinery, blinding & de blinding, tightening of flanges, hot bolting, inspection,
painting, non-regular work etc. shall be performed through Cold Work Permit. This Permit shall
be in minimum two copies.
The original should be in yellow colour and the copy should have the word "COPY" printed in
large yellow letters. Original shall be issued to the receiver, retaining the duplicate in the book.
In case Electrical isolation is required for Cold work, the process as applicable for Hot work
permit will be applicable.
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT:
This permit is required for the protection of personnel entering a confined space such as Vessels,
boilers, storage tanks, large diameter piping etc against hazards such as oxygen deficiency, toxic
and flammable materials, falling objects, power driven equipment etc. Excavation more than 1.2
meter deep, entry on floating roof tanks when the roof are more than 3 meter down from the top,
space located below ground level such as pits, drain channels etc. also fall under the confined
space.
The permit shall be in minimum three copies. The original should be in colour different than the
cold and hot work permit and other copies should have the word "COPY" printed in large letters.
Original copy shall be issued to the receiver, the duplicate to the Fire & Safety Section and
triplicate retained in the book. Confined Space Entry Permit shall be supplemented with hot or
cold work permit as per the type/ nature of work.
COMPOSITE PERMIT:
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It [DRILLING & W.O USES & ISSUES COMPOSITE PERMIT] may be used for the various jobs
such as hot work outside the confined space, entry to confined space and cold / hot work inside
the confined space. The checklist of composite permit must address all the applicable aspects.
FIRE FIGHTING EQUIMENT:

Since start of Drilling/ W.over activities, Adequate Fire Fighting Equipment i.e Type A, B, C, &
D Fire extinguishers & Sand buckets should be available at appropriate places. The
extinguishers must be valid/ checked by Fire-Fighters. Fixed type Fire Fighting System (Fire
Pump, Water Storage) at Drilling & Work-over & Ring Line with Monitor must be there at Drilling
Installations. You must undergo Firefighting training. Basic training is provided in MVT besides
training at site. For safety at well site, different types fire extinguishers are deployed for different
purposes. Fire took place due to present of three elements heat, oxygen and fuel which makes
fire triangle. If one element is missing than fire will not take place. Following table will show
what types of extinguishers need to be use depending on types of fire:-
FIRE CLASS MATERIAL INVOLVE

EXTINGUISHER
Cartridge Type Class A Fire These fires involve
ordinary combustible
materials such
as paper, wood, etc.
Foam, Dry Chemicals Class B Fire These fires involve
or CO2 flammable liquids such
as petrol,
diesel, kerosene, crude
oil, paints, condensate,
etc.
Dry Chemicals Class C Fire These are gas fires such
as LPG, Methane,
propane, etc
Sp. Dry Chemical Class D Fire These fires involves
Powder combustible metals such
as Mg, Al,
K, etc.
SECURITY:
All the installations should be properly fenced and guarded with security personnel for safety &
security of men and materials.
BEHAVIOURAL ASPECT:
People Make Safety- More than 90% of all the accidents are avoidable, being caused by
carelessness, lack of common sense, lackadaisical attitude and human error rather than failure
of Tools & Equipment or implementation of latest technology. Therefore it is important that every
person on Drilling or Workover rig develop a sense of SAFETY in the operations carried out. One
must apply Sense of Safety in combination with good judgment (as taken for safe driving or other
works safely). Continual self improvement and education are required to be ever alert to unsafe
operating practices and situations, to prevent accident (injuries or damage to materials). Human
Mind & Behaviour play a great role for safety of Men & Machines in hazardous installations like
Drilling and Work-over Rigs. Followings are some of the necessary attributes of Human
Behaviour for maintaining Safe Working Environment apart from SOP (Safe/ Standard Operating
Procedure).
Maintaining Composure and Calmness and working with right Attitude, coordination &
Approach.
Interest, Concentration and Knowledge on the job.
Self Introspection on our own emotion and becoming Attentive and maintaining Alertness.
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Always keeping greater interest in mind.
Examples:
1) We everyone knows that one must not come to work place and work in drunk condition or
drink in workplace as drunk persons loose full sense, strength, balance and hence
working in Rigs is extremely dangerous for himself, his co-workers and even for
companys property. Still People are found in drunken condition at workplaces. Many
accidents have also taken place for this reason. We should not allow or permit our fellow/
co-employee to work under such condition.
2) Unrest mind, mind disturbed or affected with external factors is not safe for himself, his
co-workers and even for companys property. One should not work in this condition
because he cannot concentrate in his job and safety.
YOUR RIGHT: If any safety aspect is observed to be neglected. You have every right to point out
to your reporting authority or appropriate authority because Safety is each and everyones
business and we should not be complacent.
TOOL BOX MEETING & PIT LEVEL MEETING:

Tool Box Meetings are supposed to be held every day prior to start of operation where operational
matter, inherent hazards in the operation and safety precautions/ measures to avoid any injury
or accident are briefed. Actively participate in the meeting and get clarification for any query/
doubt. Any unsafe condition observed to carry out the operation should be pointed out and get
rectified with joint effort.
Pit Level meeting should be conducted by Installation Manager regularly where current and
outstanding safety related issues are discussed. Any safety related issue not resolved at this level
should be taken up in Departmental Safety Committee meeting.
The meetings are for the interest/ safety of whole rig-crew. If the meetings are not convened or
done at wills, you have every right to request the concerned authority to convene the meetings.
FORE THOUGHT:
Affirm safety is my responsibility rather than everyones responsibility. Do not conceive that
anybody else will do it. Others callousness towards safety may be dangerous or even fatal for
you. Your family & children may be solely dependent on you
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS DURING ERRECTION/ DISMANTLING OF MAST:

The following are the General Safety Precautions whereas Safe Operating procedures in details
are available in site specific SOP. Not only in this operation but also in case other operations
only General Safety will be discussed further which you must assure.
People working at high positions (above 1.8m free fall) must use safety belt.
Mast pins, hammer and any other tool in used must be handled carefully.
Ensure use of proper size slings having no torn strand and loops must be in good condition
when handing loads by Crane or Oil-field trucks. Check
Be aware of Crane capacity at different Boom inclination/ angle before handing heavy items.
There are incidents of Boom/ Mast collapse or even toppling of whole crane/Oilfield truck.
Do not offload/load/handle items if your sight is blocked unless proper signal by right person
isthere.
Do not allow anyone to stay or pass across under a heavy lifted item.
The slings used in lifting of parts should not be opened up till all the pins are properly inserted.
While opening up sling at height, proper anchoring of safety belt should be insured.
Hands should not be kept between two members where they are joined.
Only supervisor or one senior responsible crew member should give signal to crane operator.
While the mast is rested on stand it should be ensured that both its legs are rested equally at
same level.
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No loose pin or tool should be kept at the top of any member to avoid accident prone situation.
Components from aloft including nuts, bolts and cleats shall be lowered safely to the ground
either singly, bundled or in containers.
Be careful about swinging loads/ objects while being handled by cranes or any other hoist.
Ensure that adjacent producing/ live wells are well protected. No object should be thrown
down.
No unwanted people should stay/ wander around the vicinity.
SAFETY DURING RAISING AND LOWERING OF MAST:

Adequate air pressure (120 psi) and continuous flow of water to draw works should be
ensured.
Check and ensure that E.C brakes is working, during raising and lowering of mast.
Always visually inspect mast bull lines and casing lines for any damage/anomalies.
Conditions of sheaves (Crown & Travelling and other pulleys) for its easy rotation and well
lubricated condition should always be checked. Hanging pins must have safety pins.
Condition of all the lines through pulleys like Tong-lines, Winchline, Catline, Outline etc
and EED-lines must be checked prior to raising Mast.
Ensure that, all the pins connecting the mast members are fitted with safety pin/ clips.
Ensure whether weight indicator is installed and is in working condition before r/up or
r/down operation.
No one should be under the mast or on it while raising or lowering of mast.
Well head/ x-mass tree should be properly caged with iron cage and sand bags before
raising/lowering of mast.
Raising & lowering of mast & lifting of heavy loads should be in daylight, unless adequate
illuminations are provided. Loose parts must be secured. Guylines, cat lines, snub lines
should not be installed within 6m of any electrical overhead transmission. Well head
should be protected.
Lowering and hoisting should be done smoothly and at the lowest speed of gear. First it
should be lifted about 30cm of the saddle, check the foundation, if safe, then lift
completely.
PRECAUTION/ MEASURES AGAINST TRIP/ FALL/ CAUGHT:
a) Wear PPE [Proper Safety Shoe, Safety Helmet, Gloves, Goggles etc. as applicable]
b) Be aware of Steps, uneven surface, gaps, traps, low roof, barrier/ obstruction at near
head-height, uncovered holes/pits/tanks, moving or rotating parts etc.
c) All possible gaps/ holes on working floor/ platform/ tank-tops, walkways etc are to be
covered/ protected.
d) Ensure areas, floors, platforms prone to slips, trips and fall, are provided with firm
Guard/ Guard-rails and of minimum possible steps/ unevenness.
e) Stairs, Ladders, moving/ rotating objects are provided with required guard/ hand-rails.
f) Use of only ladders/ stairs in good condition that do not have missing or damaged rungs/
steps.
g) Antiskid material/ surface (like Chequered plate, floorgating etc) as far as possible is/are
to be utilized.
h) Working areas & Walkways are to be kept clean and clear of oil, tools and debris. Good
Housekeeping needs to be maintained.
i) All cords/ cables/ hoses should be orderly and clear of walking spaces/ways.
j) Open Cellars, tanks etc are to be covered.
k) Hazardous areas where crew/ visitor may step in should be cordoned off.
PRE-SPUD SAFETY:
a) Pre-spud Safety Audit to check rig preparedness with respect to safety is to be carried out
and potential risks are to be eliminated prior to spudding in of a well.
b) GENERAL SAFETY and MEASURES AGAINST TRIP/ FALL/ CAUGHT described above are
to be adhered.
c) Check condition of required drilling equipment for spudding is in safe condition. The
items are to be checked are- Swivel, Kelly, Kelly Scabbard, Mouse hole, Rig-tongs, Chain-
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158
tongs, Slips, Elevators, D/Collar Safety Clamp, Cross-overs, Circulating Head, Rotary
Hose & Safety line, Tong Lines, Spud Bit etc. Checking of handling gears is discussed
further below.
d) Crew must check condition of thread of all the connections (Swivel. Kelly, Drill collars,
Pipes, crossover etc) prior to make up. Bad thread may cause serious accident or fishing.
e) Twin stop device is to be function tested at required heights.
f) Communication System, Ambulance, First aid and drinking water should be available.
g) EED (Emergency Escape Device) & FPD (Fall Prevention Device) should be installed and
tested.
h) Availability of Safety Belts, Eye protection, Ear Protection and Explosimeter or Gas
detector.
i) Availability of Fire Fighting System & Security.
Drilling Operations (Drilling, Tripping, Well-Head/ BOP Hooking up, Casing, Cementing
etc):
a) GENERAL SAFETY and MEASURES AGAINST TRIP/ FALL/ CAUGHT described above are
to be adhered.
b) BOP Control, Choke control, FOSV (Full open safety Valve), Inside BOP, Shut in Valve
should be available in ready to use condition on rig-floor.
c) BOP drills (pit drill, trip drills at different scenarios) & Fire drills must be carried out at
recommended interval or as per recommended practice.
d) Materials/ equipment on Rig-floor should be arranged in non hazardous way. Maintain
housekeeping and cleanliness as far as practicable.
e) Drilling Instrumentation System, Trip tank with monitoring device, Degaser and Poorboy
degaser must be in use.
f) Well Control System (BOP, BOP Control Units, Choke Manifold & Control, Kill Manifold,
remote operated Choke & Kill Line valves must be in use and regularly function tested
and pressure tested as per standard practice.
g) During any kind of pressure testing, ensure hi-pr lines are anchored, right fittings of
required rating are being used. There should be atleast two pressure gauges in the system
while carrying out pressure testing. Keep distance from pressurized lines.
h) Follow SOP (Safe Operating Procedures) with respect to specific operation. Here, we are
going to discuss about basic safety measures/ precautions are to be taken for tools,
appliances & equipments are being used.
DRAWWORKS :
It is the main and biggest hoisting system & one of the most vital machines on Drilling/ work-
overRig that spools in or out the drilling lines resulting up & down movement of the Travelling
Blockalong with all that hanging from it (basically the drilling string).
Lubrication including greasing should be maintained at recommended intervals.
The brake pins & locks of linkage should be checked physically every day.
Drilling line (also called Casing lines) must be checked weekly. No broken wires / kinks
are permissible. Must be moved/ cut at recommended ton-mile/ ton-km (work done).
Ensure proper spooling on drum, otherwise untoward incident may take place.
Leakage of lubricating oil should not be allowed.
Ensure cooling water through D/works & Auxiliary brake is flowing right at all the time.
Cat head divider must be there when using manila rope on the cathead. There should not
be any worn out groove on it. Be aware of extra wraps as it is dangerous.
Never work on cathead if no one is at Drillers control to stop cathead and never stand
inside or on coil of manila rope (Catline, Outline etc).
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159
Draw-works Rotary Table
Make sure Auxilary brake (Hydraumatic/ EC brake/ disc brake) is engaged when
handling/lowering heavy load.
ROTARY TABLE:
It is a turn table that is rotated as required either by Draw-works or independent motor to rotate
drill string through Rotary Kelly Bushing and Kelly. It holds the drill string/ pipes/ tubular/
other drilling equipment with the help of Master bushing and Slip.
Lubrication including greasing should be maintained as recommended. Check oil-level
every day.
Lubricate bowl (Slips mating surface) with dope to avoid stuck/ freezing of Slip with
suspended load.
During connection or tripping watch out your feet. Do not keep your feet on turn table
while working around it. Be also careful about the step/ gap if any at the edges of Rt.
Table.
Be careful while engaging/ disengaging Rotary Lock. Do not try to lock while its moving, it
may injure your finger. Lever or rope may be used as extra precaution for locking/
unlocking.
The Rt. Chain guard (if any) must be secured properly. Be aware of the Rotary chain-
guard while working/ moving around the vicinity.
CROWN BLOCK, TRAVELLING BLOCK, HOOK & SWIVEL:

Both Crown & Travelling Blocks are cluster of sheaves parallel mounted on its shaft. Drilling
lines coming out from D/works drum and revved up with Crown block at the top of Mast/
Derrick and the:
Hook-Block make the Hoisting system. Hook is connected with the Travelling Block and the
Swivel is hooked on as required with the Hook. Normally the Swivel remains connected with
Hexagonal Kelly and kept in a Scabbard. The pictures here above describe the whole
arrangement.
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160
Grease Crown, Travelling Block & Hook as recommended. Keep a watch on unusual/
abnormal sound if any from the sheaves of Crown or Travelling Block. Such sound should
be reported and addressed to avert untoward incident.
The protective guard must be on and in good condition.
Oil in Swivel and Hook-Snubber should be checked regularly/ as recommended.
Ensure proper functioning of auto locking mechanism of its latch and anti rotation lock.
Ensure proper fastening of the Hook-arms and its lock particularly when the Elevator-
Links/ bailsare hanged on.
Condition of Swivel Rotary connection must be in perfect condition as whole Drilling
string is suspended from this connection. Check it prior to connect with Kelly.
Both Box & Pin connection (thread condition) must be checked thoroughly for worthiness
prior to connect with Kelly as well as the part with Pin.
Ensure safety chain/ sling is fastened with the Rotary Hose and Swivel as precautionary
measure.
RIG TONGS:
These tongs are very havy and suspended from crown with the help of pulley and counter
balanced for ease of height adjustment. It is used for making up or breakout Rotary connections
made at very high torque. While pulling the tongs the lines come under alarmingly high tension
and hence tog-operations poses potential hazards/ risks.
Tong Hinge-Pins, lock of the Hinge-Pins, Dies, Die-pins must be checked for its existence
and proper condition in each tour and prior to start tripping.
The tongs must be Snubbed with safety lines which should be anchored in safe and
secured manner in such a way that so that it cannot rotate completely around the pipe in
Rotary. Only certain limited travel is allowed that is enough for connections.
Tong pull lines and snubbing lines must be in satisfactory condition- no torn wire/ strand
or kink.
Tong should be well balanced with counter weight. The counterweight should travel along
safe zone.
Check loops/ eyes of Tong-pull lines, Safety Snubbing Lines and hanging lines. It should
have three wire line clamps properly fixed up or crimped with ferrule by recommended
procedure. Proper wire line fixing for loop making is shown below.
Again during round tripping, we must handle rig tongs very carefully. During make-up or
break out of tubular, crews must stand at safe distance on derrick floor so that even after
the sling snag or tong slip from the tool joint, Tong must not hit the crews.
While working, hold the tongs only on the handles provided. Watch your fingers. There is
maximum possibility of finger injury while working on tong if you are not careful enough.
Be aware when tong line is pulled for breakout or makeup. Always breaking of joint takes
more torque than that of makeup and hence possibility of breaking of the line may be kept
in mind.
Wear safety goggles when replacing Tong dies, lugs, pins using hammer.
WIRE-ROPE SLINGS:
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161
The diameter of the wire rope clamp used in sling should not be less than its nominal
diameter.
The wire rope should be free of kinks, cutting and should be of adequate strength.
Wire rope loops should be fastened with required no. of U clamps or factory made (tested).
DIA OF ROPE NO OF CLAMPS /

SAFE LOAD(Pounds)
3/8 (9.5mm) 2/ 2440
1/2 (13MM) 3 / 4280
5/8 (16MM) 3/ 6680
3/4 (19MM) 4/ 9520
7/8 (22MM) 4/ 12900
1 (25MM) 5/ 16700
1 1/8 (29MM) 6/ 21000
1 1/4 (32MM) 7/ 25800
1 3/8 (35MM) 7/ 31100
You must be aware of the safe working load of slings used for handling load/ pull.
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162
SLIPS: Holds pipe in Rotary table keeping weight hanging below the slip area.
Ensure that handles, hinges, dies, pins & safety locks are in proper condition and
overall condition of the overall condition of the slip is satisfactory. Lubricate slip-hinges
and handle-pins.
Worn-out/ misfit Slips may damage pipe and result injury
Do not kick or throw slips when pipe is moving in. It may damage pipe and result
accident/ injury
Do not allow the Slip to ride the pipe when being pulled to avoid slip-wear and injury/
accident.
Do not hold elevator handle or pipe while working on slips to avoid injury/ accident.
During tripping in keep the Slip at safe distance on Rotary so that hitting with elevator is
ruled out while lowering string.
No rope or chain should be attached with slip handle to pull out of rotary by link or
elevator.
Lubricate (dope) tapered surface of the slip-segments to avoid freezing with Rotary and
ease of work.
Mind your posture while lifting the heavy slip to avoid back injury.
ELEVATORS:
Elevators are hanged from Hook by means of a pair of elevator-link/ bail. It is used to latch on
and elevate/ carry drill-pipes, drill-collars, casing, tubing etc from hole/ well.
It is important to keep the elevators well maintained all the time.
The hinge, latch-pin & latch-door mating faces should be lubricated regularly.
The latch must not have any problem. If the spring looses its property, it must be
replaced.
Ensure use of right size, rating and right type of elevator for specific job/ operation.
Use balancing strap for ease of latching/ unlatching.
Do not through or drop from height to avoid impact and hidden micro-crack.
BOP STACK/ WELL-HEAD HOOK-UP:
BOP or BOP Stack is required to control undesired flow from well bore and prevent blowout. The
size and pressure rating of the BOP stack depends on the maximum expected pressure from well
at different stages and the design of the well (i.e whether three stages or four stages and size of
casings of different stages). The BOP stack is connected with Choke manifold with the help of
choke line to control return flow during well control. Kill-line for pumping in heavy mud from Hi-
Pr, Lo-volume pump is also connected with the BOP stack as well control measure.
BOP stack hooking up/ rigging-up is hazardous operation.

Use of BOP handling overhead trolley is safer for handling BOP/ BOP stack/ Well-heads.
It has better control than handling with T/Block and the operation is carried out in before
the eyes of the operator.
If BOP/ BOP stack is handled with T/Block, one competent person seeing the operation
without any hindrance should give signal and accordingly the Driller/ operator will be
guided.
Beware of swinging BOP when picked up from off the centre. Do not pickup BOP without
proper arrangement to stop dangerous swing. However, do not stand/ come in the line of
swing unless it comes in centre even if precaution is taken.
The BOP stack at any case should not hit casing or well head.
The ring-groove must be absolutely clean and dent/ cavity free. & the ring gasket should
be new and free from any cut mark/ dent/ rust.
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163
The BOP-studs should be clean and rust free. For reuse, it may be kept immersed in
diesel.
Do not put your hand in restricted/ pinch area. Be very careful while aligning the BOP or
its studs. Always think whether there can be movement of BOP while aligning.
Carelessness may result serious injury. There are many incident of finger injury during
hooking up or rigging down BOPs.
Use Power-torque wrench for tightening/ opening of BOP-studs. In absence of it, be
careful when using hammer wrench. There should be good coordination between the
person hammering and the person holding the wrench. Use rope to hold the hammer
wrench tight and be careful about the line of hammering and mishit.
Tightening should be even & crisscross.
Use Platform/ basket with safety belt when required. If ladder or folding type self standing
platform are used, be sure about its firmness so that it does not overturn or slips off
causing accident.
Make sure right hoses/ chikson joints are being connected between BOP and its Control
Unit. Check the threads of BOP as well as hose.
Complete the BOP control lines one by one and check by flushing a little to be sure.
BOP Control Unit BOP Stack
BOP CONTROL SYSTEM:

BOP Control Unit operates (i.e close/ open) rams of BOP, Hydraulic Choke line valve & Hydraulic
Kill-line valve by hydraulic pressure as and when required. One or two remote panels are
connected with this BOPCU from which BOPs and connected valves can be operated.
Oil level in the reservoir tank should be within 1 (one) inch below the level of inspection
port prior to charging of the unit and at least 1 (one) inch above the suction port of the
Pumps when the unit is fully charged.
Power Control Switch must be in AUTO mode when BOP stack is hooked up and air
supply @ 120PSI should be on.
BOP-Ram & HCR Valve operating 4-way valves should be either in OPEN or CLOSE
POSITION as required when the stack is hooked up. Neutral position is not safe/
recommended when operation is on. Otherwise, it should be kept in Neutral Position.
Accumulator should be pre charged at 1000 100 PSI with pure Nitrogen.
Accumulator pressure should be maintained at 3000PSI. Manifold pressure and Annular
Pressure should be maintained according to the OEM recommended operating pressure.
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164
Hydro-Electrtic pressure-switch should be set at 2700 PSI for start of electric motor
driven plunger pumps and at 3000 PSI for power cut-off. Similarly Hydro-Pneumatic
pressure switch should be adjusted at 2600 PSI for start of air driven pumps and at 2900
PSI for air shut-off.
Blind or/ and Shear Rams operating lever should have special locking arrangement as
precautionary measure.
Safety Measures for Well Control Equipment:
a) Well Control System (BOP, BOP Control Units, FOSV, Lower & Upper Kelly Cocks, Choke
Manifold & Control, Kill Manifold, remote operated Choke & Kill Line valves must be in
use and regularly function tested and pressure tested as per standard practice. BOPs
must be function tested at least once in a week. Pressure testing as per standard practice
must be carried out in each installation (at rated pressure) and at least once in three
weeks at required pressure as per Std Practice. Such Records must be maintained in
prescribed format. Function tests should be alternated from the drillers panel and from
other panel(s). During pressure test keep away from pressurized lines.
NOTE: Along with Function test of BOPs, BOPCU also is to be tested following
the stipulated procedure in the prescribed Format.
b) In case of any defect/ malfunctioning of any of the well control equipment, it must be
rectified or replaced immediately.
c) BOP drills [ Pit drill, i.e during drilling and trip drill at different scenarios- DP in hole,
BHA in Rotary & when out of hole] must be carried out regularly with each crew and it
should not take more than two minutes.
d) Record SCR (Slow Circulating Rate) at regular interval (at least once in each shift while
drilling).
e) Test D-gasser regularly.
f) Keep Mud-Gas Separator (MGS)/ Poor Boy Degasser (PBD) or Gas Buster free from
leftover mud.
g) Flow Meter & Pit-volume Tantalizer must be in working condition.
h) One of the BOP Control Units/ Panels should be on Derick-floor for immediate access of
the Driller and one no. must be at safe distance from Rig-structure/ substructure so that
BOPs can be operated safely in case Derrick-floor is not accessible.
i) Electric Motors, Junction Box/ PBS, cable glands or any other electrical item must be
Flame proof or Explosion proof..
CRITICAL SAFETY EQUIPMENT:

Performance of Critical Safety Equipment (CSE) of Drilling and Work-over rigs is to be checked
everyday or otherwise mentioned in the following checklist. Though overall responsibility is fixed,
safety being responsibility of each one of us we must ensure that CSE are checked as indicated.
Page
165
Page
166
PUMPS:
The Mud Pumps or Rig-Pumps (supercharged with centrifugal pumps) suck mud or drilling fluid
from suction tank and pump down the drill string under pressure for circulation to clean hole or
other operational cause.
Ensure that the safety relief valve is set/ adjusted according to the rating of the liners
fitted with the pump as it deals with hi pressure. Only competent person/ supervisor
should adjust/ set correct pin.
The release line from the Safety Relief valve to the mud tank should be as shorter
possible, free from any bend and firmly anchored. Ensure that the release line is such
that it cant harm anyone.
The SRV must have protective cover to avoid serious injury when pin is sheared off.
Prior to start repair/ maintenance, the local power switch should be locked and
electrically deactivated from PCR with Lockout Tag hanging.
Mud pumps should be thoroughly inspected after repair and prior to applying power.
Prior to start of any pump make sure the delivery line is through.
Surrounding of the pumps should be clean and clear of undesired item.
CASING & CEMENTING:
Prior start of casing lowering, ensure well in time that all the required tools & equipment
are available, fitted and checked for proper functioning/ worthiness including Heavy duty
Spider & Elevator.
Tongs and handling gears are to be checked as stated earlier in case of other drilling
operations.
Be watchful and Alert always during lowering of Casing as it is potentially hazardous
operation. Keep Derrick floor least possible obstacles. Keep it oil free and clean.
Be careful about the probable swing when casings are being pulled in on to the floor by
Side-door or Single-joint elevator.
Watch your finger when stabbing in the casing. Watch movement of Power tong & its
snubbing line.
Watch out while disposing thread protectors off the Floor. Do not throw here and there.
During arrangement and cementing operation let the Cementing crew lead and we should
only assist as they need.
Do not keep long cementing o displacing line unanchored. Be careful about rating of the
fittings, hoses or Chikson joints.
Only the cementing crew should handle/ operate the Cementing Head.
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167
Mud or Cement slurry must not be dumped here and there thru bleed line. Bled off liquid
should lead to designated pit through ways made for it.
Casing & Hole fill-up and must be monitored meticulously and filled up as required.
Weight chart for 90% fill-up must be available for ready reference.
PRODUCTION TESTING:
After cementation of production casing, the tests carried out to establish existence of oil or gas
and production of the same, are called Production testing.
At the time of carrying out hi pressure test, ensure that at least two pressure gauges are
installed in the system.
Beware of pressurized lines and keep distance as far as practicable.
Use proper stopper while tubings are kept at V and ensure proper tying up of the tubing
when pulling in from Catwalk.
Beware of back-torque while setting mechanical packers.
All well control measures must be taken. Do not be complacent thinking that the hole is
cased and cemented.
Probable presence of gas is maximum during production testing. We need to be very
cautious about any naked light or spark. Be aware of safe distances and hazardous zones.
Do not leave oil-soaked spot or accumulation of oil anywhere in the plinth. Collect all the
possible amount and then cover with sufficient amount of sand.
Only competent persons should handle/ operate gas/oil connections or valves when there
is pressure.
Flaring point should be beyond 90m away from probable presence of oil & gas.
WORK-OVER RIG & OPERATION:
Work-over rigs are smaller version of a Drilling rig. The Engines, Draworks,
Winch & Hydraulic System are mounted on a mobile carrier which can be driven place to place.
Other equipment like Pumps, Tank-system, Generating Set & other equipment are arranged at
well site like a Drilling well/rig. The operations carried out are comparatively lighter than drilling
but all the General Safety, Safety against Trip & fall and other safety precautions as discussed
before are equally applicable to Work-over operations. Work-over operations are down-hole
operations which are carried out in an already drilled, cased and completed well.
Work-over operations are carried out mainly to address two reasons/ issues.
Mechanical problems
Reservoir related issues
Mechanical problems include:

1. Repair/replace damaged equipment such as ESP, Rod Pump, GL Mandrel, GLV, Packer, GP
eqpt, etc .
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168
2. Capital repair of the well such as Fishing and removal of stuck tubing, Packer and other
downhole tools, testing different zones and completion, etc.
3. Replacing artificial lift equipment
4. Fishing
5. Repair of cement behind casing
6. Transfer of zones (plugging off of one zone and production from other zones)
7. Putting well on dual completion
8. Removal, replace of defective down hole equipment
9. Removal of bottom hole deposits and perforations, cleaning of wellbore blockage/damages.
10. Change of tubing string/ production string.
Reservoir Related Issues include:

a) Repair natural damage with the well such as Sand production, excessive gas ( by setting
bridge plug/ cement squeezing/ re-perforation), water (by squeezing cement, polymer flooding ),
near well bore formation damage ( by gravel packing )
b) Zone transfer i.e. plugging one zone and completing in another zone.
c) Stimulation such as acid stimulation, hydraulic fracturing, steam injection for highly viscous
oil, water injection, CO2 injection.
d) Convert well from production to injection
Safety in Work-over Rigs/ operations:

As stated before all the General Safety, Safety against Trip & Fall and other safety precautions
are equally important in case of Work-over operations like drilling operations. Some of the points
as stated below may be noted.
Bleed-off trapped air from hydraulic system prior to conducting a lowering & rising of rig
mast (mobile rig). Also consider weather condition.
Be careful so that no line is stuck/ entangled while raising mast. Ensure functioning of
telescope supports.
Ensure proper resting/ locking of upper section of Mast.
A standard railing should guard every open sided derrick floor of a work-over rig, 1.8
meters. Or more above ground level or adjacent floor.
Every work-over rig should be provided with ladder arrangements with suitable hand
railings to ensure safe access to all elevated walking and working platforms.
The well should be protected against damage from falling objects.
Equipments, tools and small objects and other loose materials, which are not required for
use should not be left lying on the derrick floor so as to dangerously obstruct work places
and passage ways.
The derrick floor should be kept reasonably clean of oil, mud etc, so as to prevent persons
from slipping.
Ensure hole filling when waiting for long for further operation. Otherwise also it should be
kept full.
Do not leave open hole for longer period. Keep reasonable length of tubing in hole for
shutting in well.
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169

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Mines Vocational Training

Grievance Management System for Unionised Employees...Page 26-34

Chemical.. Page 35-45

Geophysics.. Page 46-56

Production (Oil).Page 57-61

Production (Gas). Page 62-68

Well Logging. Page 69-74

Medical ... Page 75-84

Fire Services... Page 85-99

Transport.. Page 100-110

Field Engineering .Page 111-123

LPG Page 123-135

Electrical Page 136-146

Drilling. Page 146-169

4. Develop effective emergency response plans

6. Establish an effective, evolving HSE management system

7. Comply with relevant rules, legislations & approved codes of practice.

8. Make continual improvements in HSE management

9. Coordinate with external agencies as appropriate to achieve HSE excellence.

The management commitment is also reflected in our Environment Policy.

Introduction to Environmental laws,

THE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT, 1986 (AMENDED 1991)

To co-ordinate the activities of the various regulatory agencies already in existence.

National Ambient Air Quality Emission Standards, 2009

The objectives of air quality standards are:

The Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control) Rules, 2000

Area Code Category of Area/ Zone Limits in dB (A) Leq

Day Time Night Time

Hazardous material ( Management, Handling and Transboundary movement )rules 2008

Environment Management in OIL

Emission & Water Management

OIL continued to invest in reducing air emission levels through adoption of

Emergency management system

Disaster Management in OIL INDIA LIMITED

HSE Policy clearly mentions to

MODIFIED STANDING ORDER

3.0 Classification of Workman:

3.1 Workmen shall be classified as :

3.3.1 A 'probationer' is a person provisionally employed to fill up a regular /permanent vacancy

5.0 RECORD OF AGE :-

(b) A certificate from the School where he/she studied.

5.5 Under no circumstances, the age of a workman as given by him/her voluntarily or

6.0 Photo Passes and Identity Card:

7.0 Publication of Working Time:

8.0 Publication of holidays and pay-days:

9.0 Publication of Wage Rates:

10.0 Shift Working:

11.0 Attendance & Late Coming:

11.2 Late Coming:-

12.1 Annual Privilege Leave:-

12.2 Casual leave:-

(e) Prefix/Suffix of holidays to casual leave will not be normally allowed.

12.3 Maternity Leave and Sick Leave:-

13.0 Festival Holidays:

14.0 Payment of Wages:

14.2 Unclaimed wages by a workman shall only be on an application to the Accounts

18.0 Stoppage of work and re-opening:

19.0 Termination of employment/services:

(a) Discharge owing to staff redundancy.

(b) Discharge on completion of temporary work.

(h) Discharge on Medical ground or death.

(i) Discharge on attainment of age of superannuation.