7/12/2012

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Precision Like Non-Precision

Approaches Safety Benefits

Captain Len Cormier

Chief Technical Advisor
COSCAP-SEA

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Approach and
Landing Accident
(ALA)
The accident risk is five times greater for
commercial aircraft flying a non-precision
non precision
approach than flying a precision approach.
The approach and landing (from the outer
marker to landing) typically comprise 4% of
the flight time,
time yet accounts for 45% of the
hull losses.

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CFIT Facts
60% of CFIT accidents occur on NP
approaches
47% occurred during step-down NP
approaches
Almost all accidents occurred in darkness or
IMC
48% in mostly flat terrain
Most common cause: descent below MDA

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Approach-and-Landing Accidents
Distance from runway threshold
Accidents during a 5-year period
80
75 accidents/incidents
70 (25 greater than 8 nm) Middle marker
2293 total fatalities
60 (approach/landing only) Two-thirds of
Cumulative
number of 50 the accidents
undershoots
Average outer happened within
40 marker, 5 nm
8 miles of the
30 runway
20
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Distance to runway threshold (nm)

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CFIT ALAs
Map location of CFIT accidents/incidents
From runway threshold, 40 accidents/incidents

In most of
Runway the CFIT
threshold 5
accidents,
10 Tracks where a
map display would
the
have probably airplane
15 helped pilot(s)
identify and correct was lined
problem
Fatal accident track
up with the
Incident track
runway.

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CFIT ALAs
Vertical profile of some recent CFIT
accidents/incidents

3000
3 Outer marker, 5nm There was a
lack of vertical
2000
Altitude
situation
(feet) awareness.
1000

0
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Distance to runway threshold (nm)

200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

Average time (seconds)

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Advantages of CDFA
Enhances safety by utilizing simplified SOP
Reduces Pilot workload and enhances situational
awareness
Approach profile affords less exposure to minimum
obstacle clearance
Similar to ILS
Affords procedural integration with Baro-VNAV

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Ad
Advantages
t off CDFA
Aircraft attitude when on constant angle decent path
facilitates acquisition of visual cues
Constant
C t t angle l decent
d t profile
fil conducted
d t d in
i a stabilized
t bili d
manner is the safest approach technique
Approach profile is fuel efficient
Approach
pp profile
p affords reduced noise levels

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Recommendations to Operators
Take steps to eliminate dive and drive
If still using traditional non-precision
approachh procedures
d transition
i i to CDFA
C A
Promote and train the use of VNAV for
approaches
Replace classic
classic VOR/NDB,
VOR/NDB etc.etc approaches
with RNP approaches where possible

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Conclusions
CDFA standardizes Instrument
Approach Procedures.
CDFA sets stage for Advanced
Technology
CDFA can best be implemented
through Baro-VNAV approaches

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C
Conclusions
l i
Crew Procedures that incorporate these
elements are superior in risk reduction
PBN Implementation plans should assign
high priority to elimination of non-precision
approaches (especially step-down)

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Thank you

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