Annotated Bibliography

Blackmore, Susan. "Abduction by Aliens or Sleep Paralysis? ." Skeptical Inquirer 13

May/June 1998: 1.

In this magazine article, Blackmore explores the relationship between alien

abductions and sleep paralysis. She uses sleep paralysis as a way to explain why so
many people report being abducted by aliens. This is a reliable source because she
is a professional in this field, but this article primarily focuses on alien abductions so
the sleep paralysis is what I should focus on. I will use this article in my paper so
discuss how alien abductions specifically have a history of relating to sleep paralysis.

Bradford, Alina. "Sleep Paralysis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment." 19 May 2015.
Live Science. 05 May 2017 <www.livescience.com/50867-sleep-paralysis.html>.

On this website, Bradford discusses the causes and symptoms of sleep paralysis
from a medical point of view. She also lists different ways to treat this condition.
This is a reliable source because Bradford clearly lists the sources of her
information, but Bradford is not a medical professional and one could argue the
credibility of her statements. My paper is about sleep paralysis and it's connection
to the paranormal. I will use this website to show that there are medical
explanations for this condition.

Celestine O Mume, Innocent C. Ikem. "Sleep Paralysis and Psychopathology." South

African Journal of Psychiatry (1998): 97-100.

In this journal article, the authors discuss a study done on the sleep patterns of
different groups of individuals. They attempt to study the relation of a persons
heath to whether or not they experience sleep paralysis. This is a reliable source
because it was published in a scholarly journal and the authors very clearly list the
sources they use. In my paper I will discuss the scientific explanations behind sleep
paralysis and I will use this journal article to explain some of the unique causes of
sleep paralysis and who it is likely to effect.

Cheyne, J.A. Rueffer, S.D., Newby-Clark, I.R. "Hypnogogic and Hypnopompic

Hallucinations during Sleep Paralysis: Neurological and Cultural Construction of the
Night-Mare." Concsiousness and Cognition (1999): 319-337.

In this article, the different types of experiences that are associated with sleep
paralysis are discusses. It is a deeper look into the scientific explanation behind the
different things people experiences during episodes of this condition. This is a
reliable source because it is published by a scholarly journal and all of the authors
are professionals in this field. I plan to use this journal article to further explain the
experiences people associate with episodes of sleep paralysis. I will also use this
journal to explain how the things experienced during sleep paralysis relate to other
similar conditions.

Evans, Stephen. Anthroposophy. Los Angeles: Stephen D. Evans, 2003.

In this book, Evans writes summaries and comments of writings by Rudolf Steiner.
These selections include writings looking at sleep paralysis from a spiritual point of
view. This is a reliable source because the author is an expert in this field. I will use
this book as another unique interpretation of what how sleep paralysis could be
connected to the supernatural.

MacKinnon, Carla. "Culture and History." 03 February 2017. The Sleep Paralysis
Project. 05 May 2017 <www.thesleepparaysis.org/about-sleep-paralysis/culture-
and-history/>.

On this website, MacKinnon discusses multiple accounts of sleep paralysis

documented throughout history. She lists different documents all over the world
from different time periods reporting accounts of this condition. This is a reliable
source because MacKinnon lists all of the references she used to find this
information, but she does not have a properly formatted list of sources, which would
make finding the origin of this information much easier. My paper is about sleep
paralysis and its connection to the paranormal. I will use this website to help
explore the origins of the myths behind sleep paralysis.

Redfern, Nick. Paralysis of the Paranormal Kind. 03 9 2013. 05 5 2017

<mysteriousuniverse.org/2013/09/paralysis-of-the-paranormal-kind/>.

In this website, Redfern discusses a unique experience he had one night when he
experienced sleep paralysis. He uses his experience to spark a discussion about the
relation between sleep paralysis and whether the causes are explained by science or
by something paranormal. This is a reliable source because it follows a first hand
account of someone that experienced sleep paralysis, but because he doesnt site any
sources I would be wary in trusting his credibility when it comes to scientifically
analyzing the condition. This website relates very closely to what I am writing my
paper on, I would use this website as another first hand account of sleep paralysis
outside of the Ascher documentary.

Southerland, Daniel F. Living with Chronic Sleep Parslysis Nick Tipsword. 05 May
2017.

In this interview, I spoke with someone who has suffered from chronic sleep
paralysis for most of their life. I learn what its like to life with sleep paralysis and
what this individual experiences. This is a reliable source because it is a first hand
account of sleep paralysis and I am the one doing the interviewing. I will use this
interview as a way to compare another persons unique experience with this
condition.

The Nightmare. Dir. Rodney Ascher. Perf. Seigfried Peters. 2015.

In this documentary, eight people who suffer from sleep paralysis are interviewed
about their experiences with this condition. Ascher attempts to recreate the
experiences that these individuals had. This source is reliable because these
individuals are talking about their experiences first-hand, but because they are
discussing their own experiences they may exaggerate. In my paper I am discussing
sleep paralysis and I can use this documentary to list some first hand experiences
and how different people experience this condition differently.