ndice

t
Introduccin ..................1

t
Presente Simple ..................2

t
Presente Progresivo ..................4

t
Futuro Simple ..................6

t
Pasado Simple ..................8

t
Pasado Progresivo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

t
Presente Perfecto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

t
Pasado Perfecto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

t
Verbos Modales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

t
Lista de Verbos Irregulares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

t
Examen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Los contenidos de esta Gua son propiedad de Ganando

con Ingls. Queda estrictamente prohibido la reproduccin
parcial o total, sin el permiso correspondiente.
 Introduction
Congratulations!
If you are reading this guide is because you wish to
learn English. Believe it, this is a huge step forward
and we can help you.
We compiled the most practical verbal tenses in
English, and made it simple and easy for you to
remember.
However, be aware that even when the expressions
herein are basic and understandable, you need a
previous knowledge of English language.
This guide begins with easy topics and gradually
increases its level of complexity. In the last part, you
will find a short test so you can know if you have
reached an adequate learning. We suggest practice.
Realize that this guide does not use the same natural
learning method as used in Ganando con Ingls.
Moreover, it do es not comprise material from the
course. This guide has been created with a different
purpose.
We do not want that you lose great opportunities
just because you do not speak English. Get the
promotion you are looking forward, change your job,
travel to other countries, know different cultures and
give your life emotion and success:
Learn English once and for all!
www.ganandoconingles.com
Introduccin
Felicidades!
Si ests leyendo esta gua seguramente es porque
tienes el deseo de aprender ingls, y crelo, este es
un importante paso hacia adelante. Nosotros te
vamos a ayudar.
Hicimos una recopilacin sobre los tiempos verbales
ms utilizados en ingls y los explicamos de una
manera sencilla y fcil de recordar para ti.
Sin embargo, queremos aclararte que aunque las
expresiones utilizadas son bsicas y muy
entendibles, es necesario un conocimiento previo
del idioma ingls.
La gua inicia por los temas ms sencillos y el nivel
aumenta gradualmente. Al final encontrars un
pequeo test que medir s has aprendido lo
suficiente. Te recomendamos practicar.
Debes saber que esta gua no utiliza el mismo
mtodo de aprendizaje natural de Ganando con
Ingls, ni incluye contenido del curso. Ha sido
realizada con un objetivo diferente.
No queremos que dejes pasar ninguna oportunidad
ms por no hablar ingls. Llvate ese ascenso que
deseas, cambia de trabajo, viaja a otros pases,
conoce otras culturas, y dale a tu vida mucha ms
emocin y xito:
Aprende ingls de una vez por todas!
1
CONVERSACIONES

My Hobby
Alan Caroline, what's your hobby?
Caroline Well, I play the guitar.
Alan Really?
Caroline Yes, I like playing the guitar.
Alan How often do you play?
Caroline I play twice a week. What about you? Do you have a hobby?
Alan I'm interested in video games.
Caroline That's interesting! Useful Expressions
Alan Yes, I play video games almost every day.
t

Really
( De verdad? )
Mi Pasatiempo
t

Well
Alan Carolina, cul es tu hobby? ( Bueno )
Carolina Bueno, yo toco la guitarra.
Alan De verdad? t

I Like To
Carolina S, a mi me gusta tocar la guitarra.
( Me gusta )
Alan Qu tan seguido tocas la guitarra?
Carolina Yo toco la guitarra 2 veces por semana. Y t?
t

How often?
T tienes algn hobby?
( Qu tan seguido? )
Alan Yo estoy interesado en los videojuegos.
Carolina Eso es interesante!
Alan S, yo juego videojuegos casi todos los das. t

What about you?
( Qu hay sobre ti? )

www.ganandoconingles.com 2
PRESENTE SIMPLE

Presente de los Verbos Auxiliares Presente Simple

t
To be: - I am (m), You/we/they are (re), he/she/it is (s). El tiempo Presente Simple se utiliza, entre otras cosas, para expresar acciones,
- I am not (m not), You/we/they are not (re not / arentt), eventos o situaciones habituales que
he/she/it is is (s not / isnt). transcurren con cierta frecuencia.
t
To have: I/you/we/they have (ve), he/she/it has.
- Have not (dont havent), does not have (hasnt). Por ejemplo:
have not (don't have), does not have (doesn't have)
t
I'm a teacher. Yo soy un maestro.
t
Anne is a teacher. Ana es maestra.
Forma Negativa t
She lives in London. Ella Vive en Londres.
Sujeto + Verbo + Complemento t
Anne gets up at 7 a.m. Ana se despierta a las 7 a.m.
t
She usually has breakfast at 8 a.m. Usualmente desayuna a las 8 a.m.
I am not a student
(Yo no soy un estudiante) Recordemos: Al conjugar los verbos regulares en tiempo presente, debe
agregarse para la tercera persona del singular
You are not an engineer (He / She / It) una "s" al verbo base, mientras que para las dems personas
(T no eres un ingeniero) el verbo permanece igual.

Forma Afirmativa FormaInterrogativa

Sujeto + Verbo + Complemento Sujeto + Verbo + Complemento ?

I am a student Am I a student?
(Yo soy un estudiante) (Soy yo un estudiante?)

You are an engineer Are you an engineer?

(T eres un ingeniero) (Eres t un ingeniero?)

www.ganandoconingles.com 3
CONVERSACIONES

At the party
Ricky Hi, How are you doing?
Joe Im ok, what about you?
Ricky Im good. Is Janet at the party?
Joe Yes, she is. Shes at the garden.
Ricky What is she doing?
Joe Shes talking with Patty right now.
Ricky Where are Peter and Sue?
Joe Theyre dancing now.
Ricky Are they singing too?
Joe No, they arent. Theyre drinking some soda, but Alice
is singing a romantic song.
Useful Expressions
Ricky And whos playing the guitar?
Joe Maybe Alex is. t
Hi, Hello
Ricky Its nice talking to you!
( Hola )
t
How are you doing?
En la fiesta
( Cmo te ha ido? )
Ricky Hola, Cmo te va?
Joe Bien, Y t? t
Where are
Ricky Bien. Est Janet en la fiesta? ( Dnde estn? )
Joe Si. Est en el jardn.
Ricky Qu est haciendo? t

I'm ok/ I'm good
Joe Est platicando con Patty en este momento. ( Estoy bien)
Ricky Dnde estn Pedro y Susana?
Joe Estn bailando ahora. t

Maybe
Ricky Estn cantando tambin?
( Quizs )
Joe No. Estn tomando refresco, pero Alicia est cantando
una cancin romntica. t

It's nice talking to you
Ricky Y quin est tocando la guitarra?
Joe Quiz es Alex. ( Es agradable platicar
contigo )
Ricky Es agradable platicar contigo!

www.ganandoconingles.com 4
PRESENTE PROGRESIVO

Presente Progresivo Ejemplo:

El presente progresivo es usado para expresar que una actividad est

t
I am working at home (Estoy trabajando en casa)
sucediendo al momento de hablar. Este tiempo
t
You are doing the homework (Estas/Estan haciendo la tarea)
verbal se construye utilizando como auxiliar el verbo TO BE (am, is, are)
t
We are sitting next to Mr. Lee. (Estamos sentados junto al Sr. Lee)
y como verbo principal en infinitivo con la
t
I'm not having fun (No me estoy divirtiendo)
terminacin ING.
t
Are you doing your homework? (Ests haciendo tu tarea?)

Forma Afirmativa Forma Negativa Forma Interrogativa

Sujeto + To Be + Verbo + ING Sujeto + To Be + Not + Verbo + ING To Be + Sujeto + Verbo + ING
+ Complemento + Complemento + Complemento ?

I am doing the homework They are not drinking coffe. Am i eating too much?
(Estoy haciendo la tarea) (Ellos no estn tomando caf) (Estoy comiendo demasiado?)

You are playing the guitar He is not buying that car Are you doing yoga?
(Tu ests tocando la guitarra) (El no est comprando ese auto) (Ests haciendo yoga?)

www.ganandoconingles.com 5
CONVERSACIONES

Cleaning your room

Mom Are you going to clean your room today?
Daughter I dont know, mom. I have a lot of homework to do.
Mom Really? When are you going to do it then?
Daughter Well
Mom Remember that your friends are coming tonight.
Daughter Oh, I had forgotten that! Ill clean it right now.
Mom Good!
Daughter Wait! Mom! Where are you going?
Mom Ill go to buy some snacks to your friends. Useful Expressions
Daughter Arent you going to help me?
Mom I wont have enough time, Im going to the supermarket,
sorry! t

Good
Daughter Never mind. ( Bien )
t

Wait
( Espera )
Limpiando tu cuarto t I don't know
Mam Vas a limpiar tu cuarto hoy? ( No lo se )
Hija No lo s mam. Tengo que hacer mucha tarea. t

Really?
Mam De verdad? Entonces, cundo lo vas a limpiar?
Hija Bueno ( De verdad? )
Mam Recuerda que tus amigos van a venir esta noche. t

Where are you going?
Hija Hjole, se me haba olvidado! Lo limpiar ahora mismo.
Mam Bien. ( A dnde vas? )
Hija Espera! Mam!, adnde vas? t

Sorry
Mam Ir a comprar algunos bocadillos para tus amigos. ( Lo siento )
Hija No me vas a ayudar?
Mam Lo siento, pero no tendr tiempo suficiente, me voy al t

Never mind
supermercado. ( No hay problema )
Hija No te preocupes.

www.ganandoconingles.com 6
FUTURO SIMPLE

Futuro con Will Recordemos: El tiempo futuro se forma con los verbos auxiliares will, ms el
infinitivo del verbo principal. Se puede
Forma Afirmativa Forma Negativa contraer el auxiliar will. Will -> 'll, Will not -> Won't
Sujeto + Will + Verbo + Complemento Sujeto + Will not + Verbo + Complemento

She will clean her room She will not clean her room
Futuro con Be going to
(Ella limpiar su cuarto) (Ella no limpiar su cuarto) Forma Afirmativa Forma Negativa
Contraccin: Contraccin: Sujeto + To be + going to + Complemento
Sujeto + To be + not going to
+ Verbo + Complemento
She'll clean her room She won't clean her room
(Ella limpiar su cuarto) (Ella no limpiar su cuarto) She is going to clean her room She is not going to clean her room
(Ella va a limpiar su cuarto) (Ella no va a limpiar su cuarto)
Forma Interrogativa
Will + Sujeto + Verbo + Complemento ?
Forma Interrogativa
To be + Sujeto + Going To
+ Verbo + Complemento
Will she clean her room?
(Limpiar ella su cuarto?) Is she going to clean her room?
(Va a limpiar ella su cuarto?)

El tiempo futuro se utiliza, entre otras cosas, para expresar promesas,
determinacin, dar nfasis o situaciones
condicionales.
t
I will clean my room. Limpiar mi cuarto.
t
I will clean it right now! Lo limpiar ahora mismo!
t
I will clean it if you help me. Lo limpiar si t me ayudas.
t
She will do it. Ella lo har.
Cuando queremos indicar el propsito de realizar alguna accin futura o se
planea algo, la frase going to es muy comn.
El uso de la forma verbal going to es mucho ms generalizado que will para
indicar accin futura o para expresar intencin
de realizarla en el futuro.

www.ganandoconingles.com 7
CONVERSACIONES

Enjoying vacations
Edward Hows it going?
Lillian Not bad, everything is ok, what about you?
Edward Im fine and a lot to talk.
Lillian Tell me, how was your vacation?
Edward It was great. My family and I went to the beach.
Lillian Wow, thats terrific!! And what did you do there?
Edward Well, I swam at the beach, my mom prepared sandwiches, and then
we went fishing. Tell me about your vacation!
Lillian We went to the mountains. We left home around 5 oclock in the
morning. We went skating and my brother climbed a small mountain.
Useful Expressions
Edward Did you go to the Rocky Mountains?
Lillian No, we didnt. We traveled to YellowStone. Did you travel to t

How's it going?
Puerto Vallarta? ( Qu tal? )
Edward Yes, we did. We stayed there for two weeks, also we visited the
aquarium.
t

Not bad
Disfrutanto las vacaciones ( No est mal )

Edward Qu tal? t

We went to

Lillian No me puedo quejar, todo muy bien, y t? ( Fuimos a)
Edward Bien y mucho que platicar.
Lillian Dime, Cmo estuvieron tus vacaciones? t

That's terrific!
Edward Estuvieron fantsticas. Mi familia y yo fuimos a la playa. ( Es genial! )
Lillian Wow, eso es genial! Y que hicieron ahi?
Edward Bueno, nad en la playa, mi mam prepar emparedados y luego
fuimos de pesca. Platcame de tus vacaciones!
t

It was great
Lillian Fuimos a las montaas, caminamos alrededor del bosque, ( Estubo muy bien )
fuimos a esquiar y mi hermano escal una montaa pequea.
Edward Fueron a las Montaas Rocallosas? t

Tell me
Lilian No. Viajamos a Yellowstone. Viajaron a Puerto Vallarta? ( Dime )
Edward S. Permanecimos por dos semanas, y tambin visitamos el acuario.

www.ganandoconingles.com 8
 PASADO SIMPLE

El tiempo pasado es usado para hablar acerca de actividades o situaciones

Pasado de los verbos auxiliares
que comenzaron y terminaron en un
tiempo particular en el pasado, y a su vez traduce el pretrito simple en espaol:
t
To be: I / he / she / it
was, you/we/they were
Com, jugu, nad, corr, etc.,
- Was not (wasnt), were not (werent).
y notaremos que este tiempo, en ingls, tiene una sola forma para todas
t
To have: had; en una pregunta: did + sujeto + have.
las personas.
- Did not have (didn't have)

t
It was great. Fue genial Fue muy bueno.

Forma Interrogativa t
My family and I went to the beach. Mi familia y yo fuimos a la playa.
Did + Sujeto + Verbo en presente
+ Complemento ?
Para cambiar un verbo a pasado basta con agregar una -ed al final si es regular.
Did I tell you?
(Te lo dije?) Ejemplo:
t
Play (jugar) -> Played (jug).
Did you find your cellphone? t
Clean (Limpiar) -> Cleaned (Limpi).
(Encontraste tu telfono celular?)
Al final de la gua se incluye una lista de verbos irregulares.
Forma Afirmativa Forma Negativa Ejemplo:
Sujeto + did not +Verbo en pasado
Sujeto + Verbo en pasado + Complemento + Complemento t
Tell (Decir) -> Told (Dijo),
t
Teach (Ensear) -> Taught (Ense).
I went to the beach I didn't go to the beach
(Fui a la playa) (Yo no fui a la playa)

We traveled to YellowStone We didn't traveled to YellowStone

(Nosotros viajamos a YellowStone) (Nosotros no viajamos a YellowStone)

www.ganandoconingles.com 9
CONVERSACIONES

Talking in the school

Rose What were you doing at the store yesterday?
Edward I was waiting for David.
Rose What was he doing?
Edward He was buying things for school. He was looking for special sales.
Rose What was he buying?
Edward Pens, some paper, a notebook. Where were you? How did you see me?
Rose I was in the store too.
Edward What were you doing there?
Rose I was with Lisa.
Edward Was Lisa buying things? Useful Expressions
Rose No, she wasnt. She was working.
Edward Oh, I didnt see you.
Rose I saw you pass, but you were looking something. t

What were you doing?
Edward Rose, sorry but I have to go to classes, can we talk later? ( Qu estabas haciendo? )
Rose Sure, dont worry. See you after class.
t
I was waiting for
Hablar en la Escuela ( Estaba esperando a )
Rosa Qu estaban haciendo en la tienda ayer? t

I was with
Eduardo Estaba esperando a David.
Rosa Qu estaba haciendo l? ( Estaba con )
Eduardo El estaba comprando artculos para la escuela. Estaba buscando ofertas. t

It's fine
Rosa Qu estaba comprando?
Eduardo Plumas, algo de papel, un cuaderno. Dnde estabas? Cmo me viste? ( Est bien)
Rosa Estaba en la tienda tambin. t

Sure
Eduardo Qu estabas haciendo ah?
Rosa Estaba con Lisa. ( Seguro )
Eduardo Estaba Lisa comprando cosas?
Rosa No, ella estaba trabajando.
t

Don't worry
Eduardo Oh, no las vi. ( No te preocupes )
Rosa Los vi pasar, pero estaban buscando algo y decid no interrumpirlos.
Eduardo Rosa, lo siento, pero me tengo que ir a clases, podemos hablar despus?
Rosa Claro, no te preocupes. Te veo despus de clase.

www.ganandoconingles.com 10
PASADO PROGRESIVO

Pasado Progresivo

Forma Afirmativa
Sujeto + To be (was, were) + verbo
+ ING + Complemento
El pasado continuo se forma con el pasado simple del verbo (to) be:
I was talking with lisa was o were como auxiliar ms el gerundio (ing)
(Estaba hablando con lisa) del verbo principal. Describe una accin que ocurra en cierto momento o
poca en el pasado. Usualmente el pasado
They were waiting for David continuo est complementado por un pasado simple.
(Ellos esperaban a David)
t
I was sleeping when you called. Estaba durmiendo cuando llamaste.
t It was nice talking to you. Fue divertido hablar contigo.
Forma Negativa Forma Interrogativa t
She was thinking what to do. Ella estaba pensando que hacer.
Sujeto + To be (was, were) + not + verbo To be (was, were) + Sujeto + Verbo
+ ING + Complemento + ING + Complemento ? t
We were living in New York in 2006. Nosotros vivimos en Nueva York en 2006.

She was not talking with Tom Was I buying things?

(Ella no estaba hablando con Tom) (Estaba yo comprando cosas?)

You were looking for a new car Were they waiting for David?
(Ustedes buscaban un auto nuevo) (Esperaban ellos a David?)

www.ganandoconingles.com 11
CONVERSACIONES S
CHIAPA

My beautiful car

Sandy I love this car! Its so much fun to drive and its very
comfortable. Have you driven a sports Focus car?
Saul No, I havent, but please slow down a little, Sandy,
you re doing nearly 100!
Sandy Am I? Oh, sorry, but dont worry. Ive never gotten
a speeding ticket. Useful Expressions
Saul Um, how long till we get there? You know, Ive never
been to Chiapas before.
t

I love this
Sandy Oh, well be there in about an hour.
( Yo amo este )
t

Have you?
Mi precioso auto ( Has tu? )
t

No. I havent
Sandy Yo amo este auto! es muy divertido y cmodo ( No no lo he hecho )
conducirlo, has conducido un automvil Focus t

Until / Till
deportivo? ( Hasta que / Mientras )
Sal No, no lo he hecho, pero por favor baja un poco
t

You Know
la velocidad, Sandra, ya ests casi en los 100 kms!
Sandy Lo estoy? Oh, lo siento, pero no te preocupes. ( Tu sabes )
Yo nunca he recibido una multa por alta velocidad. t

About an hour
Sal Um, cunto nos falta para llegar? Sabes, Yo nunca ( Cerca de una hora )
he estado en Chiapas antes.
Sandy Oh, estaremos ah mas menos en una hora.

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 PRESENTE PERFECTO

Presente Perfecto
El tiempo Present Perfect se usa para hablar de acciones comenzadas en el
pasado y que an continan en el presente. Los verbos irregulares tienen su propio participio pasado y la nica manera de
Ejemplo: aprenderlos es memorizarlos.
t
I have been here since Monday. Yo he estado aqu desde el lunes. Normalmente son los que aparecen en la tercera columna de los listados de
verbos irregulares en los diccionarios de ingls.
Para formarlo, se usa el auxiliar HAVE, conjugado para la persona
correspondiente (cambia solamente para la tercera Por ejemplo el participio pasado del verbo TO SEE (ver) es "seen". Siempre es
persona del singular), seguido del participio pasado, igual para todas las personas.
que es igual para todas las personas.
t
We have seen many people around here. Nosotros hemos visto mucha gente
Forma Afirmativa
Sujeto + have/has + verbo en particio por aqu.
pasado + Complemento
t
She has seen many people around here. Ella ha visto mucha gente por aqu.
We have played tennis for two hours
Para realizar preguntas usando este tiempo, se usa HAVE (conjugado para la
(Hemos jugado tenis por dos horas)
persona correspondiente), seguido del
sujeto, luego el participio pasado y finalmente el resto de la oracin.
She has arrived late again
(Ella ha llegado tarde de nuevo)
t
Have you had lunch? Has almorzado?
La forma negativa se compone del auxiliar HAVE en su forma negativa
Forma Interrogativa Forma Negativa (conjugado para la persona correspondiente),
Have/has + Sujeto + Verbo en participio Sujeto + have/has + not + verbo en
pasado + Complemento ? participio pasado + complemento seguido del participio pasado, que es igual para todas las personas.
t
I haven't seen him yet. An no lo he visto.
Have i gone to the mall? You have not studied a lot
(He ido al centro comercial?) (Tu no has estudiado mucho)

Has he cleaned his room? He has not buyed that car

(Ha limpiado el su habitacin?) (El no ha comprado ese carro)

www.ganandoconingles.com 13
CONVERSACIONES

I steal in house
Sally Hi Donna, what happened to you! Look at your face!
Donna Oh! Im really scared! Im going to the police station.
Sally Why? What happened?
Donna Well, I arrived to my house this evening, and I realized that somebody
had broken into it. Somebody had been in my house and had taken
my new computer!
Sally Really? How did you realize it?
Donna Because I tried to open the door but somebody had opened it before.
Then, when I came in, I looked that all my stuff were in a mess. I had
left the computer on the table, but it wasnt there anymore: a thief Useful Expressions
had stolen my computer!
Sally Oh, what a shame!
Donna Yes, I had bought that computer just a week ago.
t
What happened to you?
Sally Oh well, Ill go with you to the police station. ( Qu te pas? )
Donna Thank you.
t
I'm really scared
Robo en casa ( Estoy muy asustado )
Sally Hola Donna, qu te pas? Mira la cara que traes! t
Why?
Donna Oh! Estoy muy asustada! Voy a la estacin de polica.
Sally Por qu? Qu pas? ( Por qu? )
Donna Resulta que llegu a mi casa esta tarde y me di cuenta de que alguien
t

How did you realize?
se haba introducido. Alguien haba estado en mi casa y se haba
llevado mi nueva computadora! ( Cmo te diste cuenta?)
Sally De veras? Cmo te diste cuenta?
Donna Porque trat de abrir la puerta pero alguien la haba abierto antes. t

What a shame!
Luego, cuando entr, vi que todas mis cosas estaban en desorden. ( Qu pena! )
Yo haba dejado la computadora sobre la mesa, pero ya no estaba
all: un ladrn se haba robado mi computadora! t

Thank you
Sally Oh, qu pena! ( Gracias )
Donna S, haba comprado esa computadora hace slo una semana.
Sally Bueno, te acompao a la estacin de polica.
Donna Gracias.

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PASADO PERFECTO

Pasado Perfecto t
Somebody had been in my house.Alguien haba estado en mi casa.

El pasado perfecto se forma con el tiempo pasado del verbo have (had) como
verbo auxiliar, para todas las personas
(I, you, he, etc.) ms el participio pasado del verbo principal conjugado.
Se utiliza para describir acciones ocurridas y
terminadas:
t
He had been doing his homework almost every day. El haba estado
haciendo su tarea casi todos los das.
t
She had been looking for you. Ella haba estado buscandote.
t
We had taken the bus to Picadilly. Nosotros habamos tomado el bus a Picadilly.
t
I had studied chinese before getting this job. Yo haba estudiado chino
antes de obtener este trabajo.

Forma Afirmativa Forma Negativa

Sujeto + had + verbo en particio pasado Sujeto + had + not + verbo en participio
+ Complemento pasado + complemento

A thief had taken my computer A thief had not (hadn't) take my

(Un ladrn se haba llevado computer
mi computadora) (El ladrn no se haba llevado
mi computadora)

Forma Interrogativa
Had + Sujeto + Verbo en participio
pasado + Complemento ?

Had a thief taken my computer

(Se haba llevado mi computadora
un ladrn?)

www.ganandoconingles.com 14
CONVERSACIONES

Preparing a cake
William Hi guys, what are you doing?
Peter We are preparing this cake for my moms birthday.
William May I help you? I could pass you the ingredients.
Freddy No, I dont think so. You should sit and be quiet.
Sally Well, I think he could help us to prepare the cake.
Peter O.K, you could read the instructions for making the cake.
Fredy Hurry up guys! We dont have much time. Its late and Mommy
might get back earlier.
Mom Hello, children! Im already here.
William Uh, oh! Hey mom, how was your shopping?
Keyphases
Mom It was perfect!
Sally Mom, you look stressed. I think you ought to go to bed and take a nap.
All Brothers Yeeesssss Moommmm! Go to bed and take a rest.
Mom O.K, please be good. See you later.
t

What are you doing?
( Qu estn haciendo? )
Preparando un pastel
William Hola muchachos, qu estn haciendo? t

May I help you?
Peter Estamo preparando este pastel para el cumpleaos de mi mam. ( Puedo ayudarle? )
William Me dan permiso de ayudarlos? Podra pasarles los ingredientes.
Freddy No, no lo creo. Slo deberas sentarte y estar callado.
Sally Bueno, yo creo que podra ayudarnos a preparar el pastel. t

I don't think so
Peter O.k. Podras leer las instrucciones para hacer el pastel. ( No lo creo )
Fredy Apresrense chicos! No tenemos mucho tiempo. Es tarde y mami
posiblemente regrese ms temprano.
Mami Hola nios! Ya estoy aqu. t

Please be good
William Hey mami! cmo estuvieron tus compras?
Mami Estuvo perfecto. ( Por favor comportate )
Sally Mami, te ves estresada. Creo que deberas ir a la cama y tomar
una siesta
Todos los Hermanos Siiiiiiii mamiii! Ve a la cama y descansa.
Mami O.K. Por favor, prtense bien. Nos vemos luego.

www.ganandoconingles.com 15
VERBOS MODALES

Verbos Modales (Auxiliares Especiales) MAY, MIGHT

Can, May, Should, Ought, Must, Would, etc.
CAN COULD
Can es un verbo defectivo o incompleto, ya que slo tiene dos tiempos, can
en presente y could en el pasado.
Can tampoco tiene infinitivo y siempre se emplea como auxiliar especial con
el otro verbo en infinitivo. Can
puede expresar: Habilidad, Posibilidad, Permiso, aunque tambin se considera
ms correcto usar May.
t
You can't miss it. No te lo puedes perder.
t
Could you please tell me where the bank is?
Podra decirme dnde est el banco?
WOULD
Es un verbo auxiliar que se usa para expresar un deseo, preferencia, para
solicitar ayuda amablemente, o para
expresar un deseo insatisfecho. En estas situaciones tambin se pueden
usar los verbos can o could.
t
I would like to go to the movies. Me gustara ir al cine.
t
I would rather stay home than go to work. Preferira quedarme en casa en
vez de ir a trabajar.
t
Would you please help me with this task? Podra ayudarme con esta tarea?
t
I would have liked to receive a promotion. Me habra gustado recibir una
promocin (ascenso en el trabajo)
May, como el auxiliar can, tambin es verbo defectivo y solamente tiene
dos tiempos. May en presente y might en
pasado. Tampoco tiene en infinitivo. May se emplea para expresar permiso,
duda o posibilidad, propsito.
t
May I use your pen? Puedo usar tu pluma?
t
You may sit next to John. Usted puede sentarse junto a Juan.
t
The train may arrive a little late. Puede que el tren llegue un poco retrasado.
Might, se emplea cuando se requiere la forma pasada del auxilia may.
Ejemplos:
t He thought I might go with him to the party. l pens que yo poda ir a la
fiesta con l.
SHOULD, OUGHT
Seguidos de un infinitivo, sirven para expresar una especie de obligacin leve,
similar al uso de debiera
o debera en espaol.
Ejemplos:
t
You should see a doctor. Usted debera ver a un doctor.
t
Edward ought to study harder. Eduardo debera estudiar ms.

www.ganandoconingles.com 16
 VERBOS IRREGULARES
be ser estar was, were been grow crecer grew grown
bear soportar bore borne hang colgar hung hung
beat pelear beat beaten have tener had had
become convertirse became become hear or heard heard
begin comenzar began begun hide esconder hid hidden
bet apostar bet bet hit golpear hit hit
bite morder bit bitten hold sostener held held
bleed sangrar bled bled hurt herir hurt hurt
blow soplar blew blown keep guardar kept kept
break romper broke broken know saber knew known
bring llevar brought brought lay colocar laid laid
build construir built built lead guiar led led
burn quemar burnt* burnt* learn aprender learnt* learnt*
burst estallar burst burst leave abandonar left left
buy comprar bought bought lend prestar lent lent
catch aptrapar caught caught let dejar let let
choose escoger chose chosen lie acostarse lay lain
come venir came come light iluminar lit* lit*
cost costar cost cost lose perder lost lost
cut cortar cut cut make hacer made made
deal tratar dealt dealt mean significar meant meant
do hacer did done meet encontrar met met
draw dibujar drew drawn pay pagar paid paid
dream soar dreamt* dreamt* put meter put put
drink beber drank drunk quit dejar quit quit
PASADO PARTICIPIO

PASADO PARTICIPIO
drive conducir drove driven read leer read read
eat comer ate eaten ride cabalgar rode ridden
fall caer fell fallen ring sonar rang rung
feed alimentar fed fed rise levantarse rose risen
feel sentir felt felt run correr ran run
fight pelear fought fought say decir said said
find encontrar found found see ver saw seen
PRETERITO

PRETERITO
fly volar flew flown seek buscar sought sought
INFINITO

INFINITO

forbid prohibir forbade forbidden sell vender sold sold

forget olvidar forgot fogotten send enviar sent sent
freeze congelar froze frozen set poner set set
get obtener got got, gotten shake sacudir shook shaken
give dar gave given
go ir went gone

www.ganandoconingles.com 17
 VERBOS IRREGULARES

shine brillar shone shone

shoot disparar shot shot
show mostrar showed shown
shrink encoger shrank shrunk
shut cerrar shut shut
sing cantar sang sung
sink cantar sank sunk
sit sentarse sat sat
sleep dormir slept slept
smell oler smelt* smelt*
speak hablar spoke spoken
spell deletrear spelt* spelt*
spend gastar spent spent
spoil estropear spoilt* spoilt* * Las formas regulares tambin se emplean.
spread extender spread spread 1 Pero born en el sentido de nacido o como objetivo.
stand estar de pie stood stood 2 Forma regular hanged cuando se trata de persona.
steal robar stole stolen
stick pegar stuck stuck
sting picar stung stung
strike golpear struck struck / stricken
PASADO PARTICIPIO

swear jurar swore sworn

swim nadar swam swum
take tomar took taken
teach ensear taught taught
tear desgarrar tore torn
tell decir told told
think pensar thought thought
PRETERITO

throw lanzar threw thrown

wake despertarse woke woren
INFINITO

wear llevar puesto wore worn

weep llorar wept wept
win ganar won won

www.ganandoconingles.com 18
 4. Time expression used in present progressive tense.
EXAMEN a. Last year.
b. Tomorrow.
c. 3 weeks ago.
d. Now.

5. Peter ________ his homework right now.

a. is doing
b. did
Guide's Test c. was doing
This test is intended to help you determine how much you have learned d. done
studying this guide. The test has 30 multiple choise questions. Each question is
worth one point. Complete the test and then have a look to the answers in the 6. ______ you __________ overtime tonight? Yes, I _______.
last page of this guide. Study in the topics you have failed. Good luck.
a. Do study do.
Examen de la gua b. Are playing am.
Este examen est hecho para ayudarte a determinar cuanto has aprendido c. Did talk did.
estudiando esta guia. El examen tiene 30 preguntas de opcin multiple. d. Are working am.
Cada pregunta cuenta como un punto. Completa el examen y despus mira
las respuestas en la ltima pagina de esta gua. 7. Do you live in Rome?
Estudia en los temas que hayas fallado. a. Yes, I do.
Suerte. b. Yes, I am.
c. Yes, I am live in Rome.
d. No, I am.
1. Is Louis mad?
a. Yes, its. 8. Does Anna study English?
b. No, he isnt.
a. Yes, she does.
c. No, he is.
d. Yes, hes. b. Yes, she is.
c. Yes, she do.
2. The boys ____________ very noisy. d. No, she arent.
a. Is not
b. Arent 9. Does Peter go to school everyday?
c. Isnt a. No, he does not.
d. rent b. No, he dont.
c. No, he isnt.
3. Is the dog sick? d. Yes, she was.
a. Yes, its.
b. No, its. 10. My grandparents _________ at home in the morning.
c. No, isnt.
a. were not
d. Yes, it is.
b. was not
c. no were 19
d. not were
11. _______Michael at the beach on Sunday __________? 18. According to the conversation: Did Edward get fun?
a. Were--Saturday a.Yes, he does.
b. Was--afternoon b.No, he didnt.
c. Were--tomorrow c.Yes, he did.
d. Was--moorning d.No, he doesnt.

12. My uncle and my aunt ______ at the movies __________. 19.Whats the right answer for this question: Will you clean your room?
a. Were--a day after tomorrow a. Yes, I did.
b. Were--tomorrow b. Yes, I have cleaned my room.
c. Were--three days ago c. I am tired, I wont do it.
d. Was--last week d. No, I wasnt.

13. The children _______________ at the park yesterday. 20. Whats the correct sentence?
a. was playing a. She going to buy some snacks.
b. wear playing b. She is not going buy some snacks.
c. were playing c. She is goes to buy some snacks.
d. were playin d. She is going to buy some snacks.

14. My parents and my sister _______________ cleaning up the house last week 21. According to the text, the phrase never mind is close in meaning to:
a. did not a. It doesnt matter.
b. were not b. Good luck.
c. wasent c. See you later.
d. were nat d. Congratulations!

15. ______ the students ____________ the car in the garage a day before? 22. Has Richard washed his car?
a. Where--washin a.No, he hasnt washed it for months.
b. Were--washing b.No, he washed it yesterday.
c. Wear--washing c.No, he didnt.
d. Was--washes d.Yes, they do.

16. My friends and I ________ to the movies last weekend. 23. Have you seen this movie before?
a. are going a.Yes, I did.
b. went b.Yes, I have.
c. didnt went c.Yes, I do.
d. go d.No, she does.

17. What does Hows it going mean? 24. Have you ever been to London?
a. Something that its passing. a.Yes, I was.
b. Something to greet people. b.Yes, I have.
c. Something that its good. c.Yes, I did. 20
d. Something to ask the time. d.No, they did.
25. Whats the correct sentence? Test's answers
a. I had leave my computer on the table. Here you have the correct answers, compare them with yours and finally study
b. I had leaved my computer on the table. the topics where you have failed.
c. I hasnt left my computer on the table.
d. I had left my computer on the table.
Respuestas del examen
Aqu tienes las respuestas correctas, comparalas con las tuyas y finalmente
26. According to the text, whats the correct answer for this question: estudia en los temas donde no acertaste.
How did you know that somebody had taken your computer?
a. Because I had bought it yesterday! 1.b
b. Because I had saved money to buy it. 2.b
c. Because I had left the computer on the table, and it wasnt there anymore. 3.d
d. Because I had taken a taxi to get home early. 4.d
5.a
6.d
27. The expression what a shame! means:
7.a
a. Feeling really sorry. 8.a
b. Nice to meet you. 9.a
c. Thats great!
10.a
d. Lets go to the police station.
11.b
12.c
28. The boys are preparing a birthday cake because 13.c
14.b
a. They like cakes.
15.b
b. Its her mothers cake.
c. They are her mothers ingredients. 16.b
d. Its their mothers birthday. 17.b
18.c
19.c
29. Why are they in a hurry? 20.d
a. Because their mom will gets back soon. 21.a
b. Because their mom is a good runner. 22.a
c. Because their mother might get back sooner. 23.b
d. Because their mom might gets back sooner. 24.b
25.d
26.c
30. What advice did the guys give their mom? 27.a
a. You should go to buy more things. 28.d
b. You should go to bed and jump. 29.c
c. You ought go to bed and take a nap. 30.d
d. You ought to go to bed and rest.
21