20130503132937

MINIPORE,
UF MEMBRANE MANUFACTURE OVER 20 YEARS!
HOLLOW FIBER UF TECHNICAL MANUAL
SHANGHAI MINIPORE INDUSTRIAL CO LTD www.minipore.com sales@minipore.com

COMPANY PROFILE
SHANGHAI MINIPORE INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. is a high-tech enterprise specialized in research & development,
production, sales and service of membrane filtration and separation; MINIPORE UF DIVISION has international
advanced core technology of hollow fiber UF membrane manufacturing technology, combined with 20 years of
production experience, successfully make PP, PAN, PVC, PES, PS and PVDF UF membrane material composited
and modified, and manufactures series high-quality hollow fiber UF membrane module; GB/T19001-2008 idt
ISO9001:2008 Quality Management System, standardized & large-scale production bring MINIPORE UF module
to excellent cost performance, deeply trusted and appraised by the domestic and international customers of
water treatment industry.

MEMBRANE FILTRATION &
SEPERATION
According to the membrane pore size, membrane

filtration and seperation can be divided into
microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF),
nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO);
ULTRAFILTRATION TERMINOLOGY
The pore size of the UF membrane is about 0.001-0.1m, Cut Off Molecular
Ultrafiltration
Weight(MWCO) from1,000 to 500,000 Dalton;
This type of synthetic membrane is made of high molecular chemical material by special
Anisotropic membrane technology, with an asymmetric pore structure ( A thin membrane with tight pores backed
by one or several thicker membrane with wider pores).
The molecular weight cut-off is a specification commonly used to describe the retention
Molecular weight cut off capabilities of UF membrane and refers to the molecular mass of a solute where the
(MWCO) membranes have a nominal rejection; The MWCO specification is most commonly used to
characterise ultrafiltration membrane;
Feed The untreated water run into UF system;
Permeate The pure water is produced after the feed water pass through UF membrane;
The large molecular, colloid particle and bacterium are cut off from UF membrane and are
Concentrate taken off by the circulating flowing to become concentrating liquid;
The product water flow rate per unit time and unit membrane area through UF membrane;
Flux (Liter/m2/hour)
Recovery Recovery rate= Permeate production yield / Feed water yield x 100%
The filtration process of feed liquid flow way parallel to the surface of UF membrane under
Cross flow the influence of pressure, the concentrate is discharged out;
Overall flow No concentrate is discharged out in the filtration process, recovery rate 100%;
Trans-membrane pressure TMP=(Feed pressure + Concentrate pressure)/2- Permeate pressure
Differential pressure Differential pressure=Feed pressure - Concentrate pressure
Colloidal fouling Suspended solids, metal oxides, colliod, biological waste and dissolved substance
precipitates from feed water, attached to UF membrane surface to cause pollution;
The substance retained by UF membrane, gathered at membrane surface to cause the flux
Concentration polarization
decrease;
Forward flow Feed liquid flows upward on the base of UF module vertical installation;
Downward flow Feed liquid flows downward on the base of UF module vertical installation;
Forward wash Washing liquid flows in the same direction of feed liquid;
Downward wash Washing liquid flows in the opposite direction of feed liquid;
Back-flush Washing liquid enter from product outlet and pass through UF membrane in the opposite
under the influence of certain pressure, finally, loosen and flush away the pollutants
attached the surface of UF membrane;

UF MEMBRANE FUNDAMENTALS
Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration membrane is an asymmetric
semi-permeable membrane made of high molecular chemical
material by special technology. It presents hollow capillary tube
shape (or hollow fiber shape), micro-pore covers tube wall
densely. The pore size of the UF membrane is about
0.001-0.1m, Cut Off Molecular Weight(MWCO) from1,000 to
500,000 Dalton. Feed liquid is flowing in or out the membrane
under the influence of pressure, dissolvent or small molecule
can permeate membrane and become pure liquid by collection,
while large molecule (protein, each kind of enzyme, nucleic acid,
polysaccharide and so on) ,colloid particle (such as emulsion,
micro-ion) and bacterium are cut off by the membrane and are
taken off by the circulating liquid flow to become concentrating
liquid. That is the process of separating, concentrating, and
purifying substance;
FILTRATION METHOD
Inside-out (Internal pressure)
Feed liquid enters the center of hollow fiber, the colloid,
Suspended solids, bacterium and other macromolecule
substances are intercepted by fiber inner wall and turn into
concentrate, while water molecule and ion permeate fiber
wall, and is collected at fiber outer wall and becoming pure
liquid;
Outside-in (External pressure)

Feed liquid pass through hollow fiber outside into inside, the
colloid, Suspended solids, bacterium and other
macromolecule substances are intercepted by fiber outer
wall and turn into concentrate, while water molecule and ion
permeate fiber wall, and is collected at fiber inner wall and
becoming pure liquid;
Filtration method Inside-out Outside-in

Feed water quality requirement High Low
Dirt holding capacity Weak Strong
Water flow dead corner Without With
Cleaning effect Easy Difficult
Back-flush cleaning method Water back wash Air&Water mixture back wash
Main application field Pure water treatment, reclaimed water Waste, sewage water, reclaimed water
reuse with perfect pretreatment reuse

OPERATION MODE
Cross-flow filtration can form a great shearing force on the membrane surface because of the concentrate flow discharge,
so as to effectively reduce pollution to UF membrane;
Reflux ratio = Concentrate flow : Permeate flow
High reflux ratio can be chosen for poor water quality to reduce pollution to UF membrane. Usually reflux ratio 1:5 is
suitable for better water quality, and if water quality is poor, reflux ratio can be 1:1, even 6:1 e.g. in application of
electrophoresis paint recovery; Concentrate reflow to feed bank or the inlet of pretreatment system then re-enter
ultrafiltration system, or make concentrate cycle by pump; so, although cross flow operation can reduce pollution, it will
bring to more energy consumption;
Concentrate is undischarged in the filtration process, all pollutants are trapped on the surface of UF membrane, only
discharge them by periodical washing; This operation is suitable for better water quality, and the energy consumption is
lower;
MINIPORE UF VARIETY AND ADVANTAGE
PAN : Inside-out filtration design, natural hydrophilic, low trans-membrane pressure, large permeate flux, easy to clean;
Good performance of resistance to chloride and solvent, dry membrane made by unique technology, easy for storage,
transportation and maintenance; Material cost is lower, widely applied to surface water and non - polluted water treatment;
PS (PES) : Inside-out filtration design, the hydrophilic modification, uniform pore size distribution, with a wide range of
MWCO & pore size for options, high flow and pollution resistance, high temperature resistance (<95), good hardness and
high strength, acid & alkali resistant, high health & safety, biocompatibility, can be used in food service industry &
pharmaceuticals industry for purification, separation and concentration;
PP : Outside-in filtration design, the hydrophilic modification, food grade raw material, extremely strong tensile strength,
high pressure resistance, fiber not easy to break up; Extremely slim hollow fiber and outside-in filtration design, more large
membrane area, large permeate flux, high dirt holding ability, acid & alkali resistant, anti-pollution, material cost is lower,
widely applied to pretreatment of RO system, beverage purification & concentration, waste water treatment,
electrophoresis paint recovery;
PVDF : Outside-in filtration design, the hydrophilic modification, pollution resistance, perfect antioxidation & antibiosis
performance, unique outer cortex & spongy micro-structure, extreme low pressure application, high tenacity, food grade
raw material, extremely strong tensile strength, mainly applied in municipal sewage treatment, industrial waste water
treatment, reclaimed water reuse;
UF MODULE HM90
Ultrafiltration Components Parameters
Model No. HM90PAN HM90PS HM90PP HM90PVDF

Size L 90X1162mm L 90X1162mm L 90X1162mm L 90X1162mm
S 90X678mm S 90X678mm S 90X678mm S 90X678mm
Hollow fiber material PAN PS PP PVDF
Hollow fiber ID/OD 1.0mm / 1.6mm 1.0mm / 1.6mm 0.4mm / 0.5mm 0.7mm / 1.3mm
MWCO (Daltons) 50k100k 10k100k 50k100k 100k200k
Membrane area L-4.5m 2
S-2.3m 2
L-4.5m S-2.3m
2 2
L-8.9m S-4.4m
2 2
L-7.0m2 S-3.4m2
Initial flux >900 (L) >900 (L) >1100 (L) >1000 (L)
L/H, 0.1mpa, 25 pure water as feed >420 (S) >420 (S) >530 (S) >480 (S)
Designed water flux 40-120L/m2/h 40-80L/m2/h
End seal material Epoxy resins
Housing material UPVC
/ Connection/Pipe Union connection / PVC Pipe OD. 32mm
Max. Feed pressure 0.3mpa 0.3mpa 0.3mpa 0.25mpa
Max. trans-membrane pressure 0.2mpa 0.2mpa 0.2mpa 0.15mpa
Normal trans-membrane pressure 0.02-0.15mpa 0.02-0.15mpa 0.02-0.15mpa 0.01-0.1mpa
Feed turbidity <50ntu
permeate turbidity <0.1ntu
Max. working temperature 5-45
PH PH range 3-9 2-12 1-14 2-13
Microorganism, pathogen 99.99% Removal

UF MODULE HM160

Size 160X1352mm 160X1352mm 160X1352mm 160X1352mm
Membrane area 15m2 15m2 29m2 23m2
Initial flux >4500 >4500 >5000 >4900
L/H, 0.1mpa, 25 pure water as feed
PH PH range 3-9 2-12 1-14 2-13

UF MODULE HM200

Membrane area L-27m2 S-25m2 L-27m2 S-25m2 L-48m2 S-44m2 L-40m2 S-37m2
PH PH range 3-9 2-12 1-14 2-13
UF MODULE HM200-1
Model No. HM200-1PAN HM200-1PS HM200-1PP HM200-1PVDF

Membrane area L-34m 2
S-27m 2
L-34m S-27m
2 2
L-56m S-48m
2 2
L-47m2 S-40m2
/ Connection/Pipe Coupling connection DN50 / PVC Pipe ID. 50mm
PH PH range 3-9 2-12 1-14 2-13
UF MODULE HM250

Size 250X1713mm 250X1713mm 250X1713mm 250X1713mm
Membrane area 48m 2
48m 2
90m 2
76m2
Initial flux >11000 >11000 >15300 >15000
/ Connection/Pipe Coupling connection DN50 / PVC Pipe ID. 50mm
PH PH range 3-9 2-12 1-14 2-13
UF MODULE UF-4021 / 4040 / 8040
Model No. UF-4021 UF-4040 UF-8040

Size 101X533mm 101X1016mm 201X1016mm
Hollow fiber material PAN / PS PAN / PS PAN / PS
Hollow fiber ID/OD 1.0mm / 1.6mm 1.0mm / 1.6mm 1.0mm / 1.6mm
MWCO (Daltons) 10k100k 10k100k 10k100k
Membrane area 1.9m 2
3.8m 2
19m2
Filtration method Inside-out
Initial flux >400 >800 >5000
Designed water flux 40-120L/m2/h
Max. Feed pressure 0.3mpa
Max. trans-membrane pressure 0.2mpa
Normal trans-membrane pressure 0.02-0.15mpa
working temperature 5-45
PH PH range PAN : 3-9 PS : 2-12

MINIPORE UF MODULE STORAGE
New modules were packed and sealed in plastic bag, and should be laid Horizontally under the temperature
10~30, don't expose module directly under sunshine. The membrane was protected by Propylene glycol and
Sodium bisulfite solution;
Used modules should be cleaned well and protected by the solution (pure water : Propylene glycol : Sodium
bisulfite= 79:20:1);
UF MODULE OPERATION
In general, UF Module should be operated cycle as per the following steps:
Filtration - Downward wash - Back flush - Forward wash - Chemical clean - Integrity inspection
Ordinal No. Process Flow way Remarks

A to B, C Cross flow operation
1 Filtration
A to C Overall flow operation
2 Downward wash B to A
C to A Downward drain
3 Back flush
C to B Upward drain
4 Forward wash A to B
5 Chemical clean A to B, C Cycle
Integrity C to B Compressed air
6
inspection C to A Inspect another end side
1. In filtration process, the selection of cross flow or overall flow operation must depend on the feed quality;
Cross flow operation - The filtration process of feed liquid flow way parallel to the surface of UF membrane under the
influence of pressure, the concentrate is discharged out;
Overall flow operation - No concentrate is discharged out in the filtration process, recovery rate 100%;
2. In downward wash process, feed liquid used as washing liquid flows in the opposite direction of filtration
process;
Downward wash pressure: 0.2mpa; Downward wash flux Q= Feed flux Q;
Downward wash frequency: always before back flush; Downward wash time: 3060sec.
3. In back flush process, washing liquid enter from product outlet and pass through UF membrane in the
opposite under the influence of certain pressure, finally, loosen and flush away the pollutants attached the
surface of UF membrane; If UF membrane is outside-in style, compressed air or air&water mixture can be used
to flush membrane;
Back flush pressure: 0.1-0.15mpa; Back flush flux Q= (1.52) x permeate flux Q;
Back flush frequency: once 3060min.; Back flush time: 3060sec.
4. In forward wash process, feed liquid used as washing liquid flows in the same direction of filtration process;
Forward wash pressure: 0.2mpa; Forward wash flux Q= Feed flux Q;
Forward wash frequency: always after back flush; Forward wash time: 3060sec.
5. Chemical clean method as following:

Chemical clean pressure: 0.1mpa; Chemical clean flux Q= 100-150L/m2/h;
Chemical clean frequency: once 13month; Chemical clean wash time: 30180min.
If membrane pollution is serious, frequency should increase;
Acid clean method : PH=2 acid solution (HCl, Citric acid, dicarboxyl). recycling or soaking acid solution in
system for 30~180 minutes. This can get rid of inorganic substances effectively.
Acid solution Acid solution Discharge of Pure water Normal
recycling clean soaking acid solution cleaning to Filtration
30-180min. 30-180min. PH=7 process
Alkali clean method : PH=12 alkali solution (NaOH). recycling or soaking alkali solution in system for 30~180
minutes. This can get rid of organic substances and grease effectively.
Alkali solution Alkali solution Discharge of Pure water Normal
recycling clean soaking Alkali solution cleaning to Filtration
30-180min. 30-180min. PH=7 process
Oxidizing cleaning agent clean method : 0.1~1% NaCLO solution. recycling or soaking acid solution in
system for 30~180 minutes. This can get rid of dirt and bacteria effectively.
Oxidizing solution Oxidizing solution Discharge of Pure water Normal

recycling clean soaking oxidizing cleaning to Filtration
30-180min. 30-180min. solution PH=7 process
Enzyme detergent clean method : 1% pepsin, trypsin. recycling or soaking acid solution in system for
30~180 minutes. This can get rid of Protein, polysaccharide and grease effectively.
Enzyme solution Enzyme solution Discharge of Pure water Normal

recycling clean soaking enzyme cleaning to Filtration
30-180min. 30-180min. solution PH=7 process
6. Integrity inspection method : fill UF module full with water to exhaust air, feed pure air with the pressure
0.05-0.08mpa from permeate outlet port, inspect hollow fiber seal end face, if continuous and big bubbles are
out from end face, mark this point, determine this fiber has breaked up, then, inspect another seal end face;
drying end face after inspection, use epoxy resins fill the hollow fiber breaked;

UF SYSTEM DESIGN STEPS
Obtain the necessary water quality information and other information
Feed water style, turbidity, Product water turbidity, Other information such as
suspended particle, COD, microorganism standard, installation space, auxiliary
handling, capacity, permeate flux, etc. equipment and process.
temperature, PH, hardness,
grease content etc.
Determination of permeate flux and recovery rate
Determination of UF module model and quantity
UF system design
UF SYSTEM DESIGN REQUIREMENT
Feed requirement:TDS<5%, Particle diameter<100 m, Turbidity<15NTU, Anti-pollution (green caps

style)<50NTU, Operation temperature: 5 45 and steady, Feed PH=7 2, Residual chlorine<20ppm,
Viscidity<100cp, Ozone<0.5mg/l, Grease<2mg/l;
Filtrate indicators: Feed turbidity<5NTU, filtrate SDI<2; Feed turbidity>5NTU, filtrate SDI<3;
Filtrate turbidity<0.1NTU; Bacteria removal99.99%;
UF SYSTEM DESIGN STANDARD

UF design parameter reference table:
process variable tap water ground water surface water surface water surface deep treatment Reclaimed Sea water
NTU1 NTU5 NTU5 NTU25 water industrial Water NTU5
NTU25 wastewater NTU20
NTU20
Design Flux (L/m2.hr.25) 70-100 60-100 60-90 50-80 50-70 45-70 45-70 60-80
Recovery% 90-98 90-98 90-95 85-95 80-90 75-85 75-85 90-95
Security Filterm 50-100 50-100 50-100 50-100 50-100 50-100 50-100 50-100
Operational Mode Dead-end flow Dead-end flow Dead-end flow Dead-end flow Cross flow Cross flow Cross flow Cross flow
or Cross flow or Cross flow or Cross flow or Cross flow
Back flush frequency 40-60min. 40-60min. 30-60min. 30-45min. 30-40min. 30-40min. 30-40min. 30-60min.
Back flush time 1min. 1min. 1min. 1min. 1min. 1min. 1min. 1min.
Back flush flux (1.52) x (1.52) x (1.52) x (1.52) x (1.52) x (1.52) x (1.52) x (1.52) x
permeate flux permeate flux permeate flux permeate flux permeate flux permeate flux permeate permeate
flux flux
Back flush pressure Mpa 0.1-0.15 0.1-0.15 0.1-0.15 0.1-0.15 0.1-0.15 0.1-0.15 0.1-0.15 0.1-0.15
Downward wash requency Before back Before back Before back Before back Before back Before back Before back Before
flush flush flush flush flush flush flush back flush
Downward wash time 30-60sec. 30-60sec. 30-60sec. 30-60sec. 30-60sec. 30-60sec. 30-60sec. 30-60sec.
Forward wash requency After back After back After back After back After back After back flush After back After back
flush flush flush flush flush flush flush
Forward wash time 30-60sec. 30-60sec. 30-60sec. 30-60sec. 30-60sec. 30-60sec. 30-60sec. 30-60sec.

TYPICAL UF PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
Model HM90 / HM200 (Inside-out & Outside-in)
Model HM160 (Inside-out)

Model HM160 (Outside-in)
Model HM200-1 / HM250 (Inside-out)

Model HM200-1 / HM250 (Outside-in)
The pump & valve opening or closing state in UF system

Downward Back-flush Forward Chemical
Tilte Working state
wash state state wash state cleaning state
1-Feed pump open open close open close
2-back wash pump close close open close close
3-chemical cleaning pump close close close close open
4-feed valve open close close open close
5-downward flush valve close open close close close
6-back flush inlet valve close close open close close
7-forward discharge valve close close open open close
8-downward discharge valve close open open close close
9-permeate valve open close close close close
open
10-concentrate discharge valve close close close close
close under overall flow state
11-cleaning inlet valve close close close close open
12-cleaning concentrate reflux valve close close close close open

PROJECT CASE
PAN UF module application in mineral water production

Raw water: deep groundwater
Technological process: deep groundwater ->
Quartz sand media filter -> Activated carbon
filter -> Softener ->Precision filter->UF system -
> Titanium filter ->UV sterilizer->Product tank
(Ozone sterilization)->Bottling line
UF system function: Removal of suspended
substances, the large particles and bacteria in
deep groundwater;
UF module : HM90PAN (80K dalton)
10units, inside-out filtration
Process flux: 5m3/hour
UF system put into operation in May, 2012
PS UF module application in water treatment for food & baverage production
Raw water: well water and tap water

Technological process: well & tap water -> Quartz sand media filter -> Activated carbon filter -> Micro depth filter ->UF
system - > Precision filter ->RO system
UF system function: Removal of suspended substances, the large particles, microorganism and bacteria in well and tap
water, decrease COD, SDI and turbidity to reach feed requirement of RO system;
UF module : HM250PS (50K dalton), 20units, inside-out filtration
Process flux: 1000m3/day, UF system put into operation in Jun. 2012;
PP UF module application in electroplating wastewater reuse
Raw water: Electroplating wastewater

Technological process: Electroplating wastewater -> Quartz sand media filter -> Activated carbon filter -> Multi-bag style
filter ->UF system - > Precision filter ->RO system
UF system function: Removal of suspended substances, the large particles, colloid, chroma in wastewater, decrease
COD, SDI and turbidity to reach feed requirement of RO system;
UF module : HM200PP (100K dalton) 30units, outside-in filtration
Process flux: 1000m3/day, UF system put into operation in Jan. 2013
PVDF UF module application in papermaking wastewater reuse
Raw water: papermaking wastewater

Technological process: Papermaking
wastewater -> Quartz sand media filter ->
Activated carbon filter -> Micro depth filter ->UF
system - > Precision filter ->RO system
UF system function: Removal of suspended
substances, the large particles in wastewater,
decrease COD, SDI and turbidity to reach feed
requirement of RO system;
UF module : HM160PVDF (200K dalton)
60units, outside-in filtration
Process flux: 2000m3/day
UF system put into operation in Oct. 2012

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MINIPORE,

UF MEMBRANE MANUFACTURE OVER 20 YEARS!

HOLLOW FIBER UF TECHNICAL MANUAL

SHANGHAI MINIPORE INDUSTRIAL CO LTD www.minipore.com sales@minipore.com

SHANGHAI MINIPORE INDUSTRIAL CO LTD www.minipore.com sales@minipore.com

According to the membrane pore size, membrane

SHANGHAI MINIPORE INDUSTRIAL CO LTD www.minipore.com sales@minipore.com

Outside-in (External pressure)

Filtration method Inside-out Outside-in

SHANGHAI MINIPORE INDUSTRIAL CO LTD www.minipore.com sales@minipore.com

Ultrafiltration Components Parameters

Model No. HM90PAN HM90PS HM90PP HM90PVDF

SHANGHAI MINIPORE INDUSTRIAL CO LTD www.minipore.com sales@minipore.com

Ultrafiltration Components Parameters

Model No. HM160PAN HM160PS HM160PP HM160PVDF

SHANGHAI MINIPORE INDUSTRIAL CO LTD www.minipore.com sales@minipore.com

Ultrafiltration Components Parameters

Model No. HM200PAN HM200PS HM200PP HM200PVDF

Ultrafiltration Components Parameters

Model No. HM200-1PAN HM200-1PS HM200-1PP HM200-1PVDF

Ultrafiltration Components Parameters

Model No. HM250PAN HM250PS HM250PP HM250PVDF

Ultrafiltration Components Parameters

Model No. UF-4021 UF-4040 UF-8040

SHANGHAI MINIPORE INDUSTRIAL CO LTD www.minipore.com sales@minipore.com

Ordinal No. Process Flow way Remarks

5. Chemical clean method as following:

Oxidizing solution Oxidizing solution Discharge of Pure water Normal

Enzyme solution Enzyme solution Discharge of Pure water Normal

SHANGHAI MINIPORE INDUSTRIAL CO LTD www.minipore.com sales@minipore.com

Obtain the necessary water quality information and other information

Determination of permeate flux and recovery rate

Determination of UF module model and quantity

UF SYSTEM DESIGN REQUIREMENT

Feed requirement:TDS<5%, Particle diameter<100 m, Turbidity<15NTU, Anti-pollution (green caps

UF SYSTEM DESIGN STANDARD

Recovery% 90-98 90-98 90-95 85-95 80-90 75-85 75-85 90-95

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Model HM90 / HM200 (Inside-out & Outside-in)

Model HM160 (Inside-out)

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Model HM200-1 / HM250 (Inside-out)

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The pump & valve opening or closing state in UF system

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PAN UF module application in mineral water production

PS UF module application in water treatment for food & baverage production

Raw water: well water and tap water

Raw water: Electroplating wastewater

PVDF UF module application in papermaking wastewater reuse

Raw water: papermaking wastewater

SHANGHAI MINIPORE INDUSTRIAL CO LTD www.minipore.com sales@minipore.com

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