International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169

Volume: 5 Issue: 5 1103 1107

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

An Approximate Analytical Solution of the Burger's Equation for Longitudinal

Dispersion Phenomenon Arising in Fluid Flow through Porous Medium

Mahendra A. Patel N. B. Desai

Department of Mathematics Department of Mathematics
Government Engineering College, Sector-28 A. D. Patel Institute of Technology,
Gandhinagar, India New V. V. Nagar, India
mahendraapatel@yahoo.co.in drnbdesai@yahoo.co.in

AbstractThe present paper discusses the longitudinal dispersion phenomenon in miscible fluid flow through porous medium.
The mathematical formulation yields a nonlinear partial differential equation in the form of Burger's equation. An approximate
analytical solution of the Burger's equation for longitudinal dispersion phenomenon has been obtained. Homotopy analysis
method is adopted to solve this equation with suitable boundary conditions. The numerical interpretation of solution has been
obtained at distance x for a given time t. The graphical interpretation of solution has been also given by Mathematica software.
Keywords-Fluid flow; Homogeneous porous medium; Longitudinal dispersion phenomenon; Homotopy analysis method.
__________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION media. Meher and Mehta [7] obtained solution of Burger's

equation for longitudinal dispersion phenomenon of miscible
The main goal of the present paper is to examine the fluid flow through porous media by Backlund transformation.
concentration of the longitudinal dispersion phenomenon
Meher at al. [8] applied adomian decomposition method for
occurring in miscible fluid flow through porous medium. The
dispersion phenomenon arising in longitudinal dispersion of
problems involving the flow of two or more fluids are
miscible fluid flow through porous media. Joshi at al. [9]
frequently encountered in groundwater hydrology, oil recovery
discussed the group theoretic approach for longitudinal
engineering, agriculture engineering, environmental science
dispersion phenomenon in miscible fluid flow through porous
and soil mechanics [1-21]. Two types of flow are possible
media. Borana at al. [10] obtained numerical solution of
when two or more fluids flow in porous medium domain [1]: 1.
Burgers equation arising in longitudinal dispersion
Miscible fluid flow 2. Immiscible fluid flow. Miscible fluid
phenomenon in fluid flow through porous media by Crank-
flow is a type of flow in which two fluids are completely Nicolson scheme. Olayiwola [11] applied modified variational
soluble in each other. In the immiscible fluid flow we have a
iteration method for the solution of nonlinear Burger's equation
simultaneous flow of two or more immiscible fluids in the
arising in longitudinal dispersion phenomenon in fluid flow
porous medium domain.
through porous media.
The longitudinal dispersion phenomenon is the process by
The problem is to describe the growth of the region
which miscible fluid flow disperse in the direction of flow. The
occupied by mixture of miscible fluids, i.e. to find the
problem of miscible fluid flow can be seen in coastal areas,
concentration of contaminated water as function of position
where the groundwater beds are gradually displaced by
and time , as the mixture flow through homogeneous porous
seawater. Longitudinal dispersion phenomenon plays an
medium. Outside of the mixed region, the single fluid equation
important role to control salinity of the soil in coastal areas.
describe the motion of fluid. The flow of mixture takes place
Many researchers have discussed the longitudinal
both longitudinal as well as transversely but the spreading
dispersion phenomenon with different point of views like as
caused by dispersion is more in the direction of flow than the
Carrier [2] studied the subterranean mixing in permeable media
transversely direction. Thus the longitudinal dispersion of the
of seawater and groundwater. Scheidegger [3] investigated the
contaminated water flowing in the -direction has been
possibilities of generalizing the dispersion equations of flow
considered.
through porous media. Al-Niami and Rushton [4] studied the
The present paper discusses the solution of Burger's
analysis of flow against dispersion in a porous media. Hunt [5]
equation for longitudinal dispersion phenomenon arising in
applied the perturbation method to longitudinal and lateral
miscible fluid flow through homogeneous porous medium.
dispersion in non-uniform seepage flow through heterogeneous
Homotopy analysis method is applied to solve Burger's
aquifers. Patel and Mehta [6] worked on Burger's equation for
equation with appropriate boundary conditions. The homotopy
longitudinal dispersion of miscible fluid flow through porous
1103
IJRITCC | May 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 5 1103 1107
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
series solution represents the concentration of contaminated The boundary conditions in longitudinal direction are
water in longitudinal dispersion.
(0, ) = 1 and (1, ) = , 0 1, is constant. (7)
II. MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION
The mixture of miscible fluids could be thought to behave Thus the Eq. (6) together with boundary conditions (7)
as a single phase fluid, therefore it will obey the Darcys law. represents the boundary value problem for the longitudinal
The equation of continuity for the mixture is given by [1, 12]: dispersion. This equation is the nonlinear Burger's equation for
longitudinal dispersion phenomenon of miscible fluid flow
through porous medium.
+ ( ) = 0 (1)

III. HOMOTOPY ANALYSIS METHOD
where is the density for mixture and is the pore seepage In 1992, Liao [22] has proposed the homotopy analysis
velocity vector. method in his Ph.D. thesis for solving nonlinear differential
The equation of diffusion for a fluid flow through a equations. This technique has successfully employed to solve
homogeneous porous medium without increasing or decreasing many types of nonlinear differential equations. The homotopy
the dispersing material is given by analysis method has applied to various types of ordinary
differential equations as well as partial differential equations
[17-27].
+ () = [
( )] (2)
Define a nonlinear operator as

where is the concentration of contaminated water in a 2 (, ; ) (, ; )

porous medium and is the tensor coefficient of dispersion ((, ; )) = 2
(, ; )

with nine components . (, ; )
. (8)
In a laminar flow for an incompressible fluid through a
homogeneous porous medium at constant temperature, is
considered as constant. Then
According to boundary conditions (7), we choose the initial
= 0. (3) approximation of (, ) as

Using (3) in (2) we get 0 (, ) = (1 )2 (1 + ) + . (9)

We choose the auxiliary linear operator

+ = (
). (4)

2 (, ; )
[(, ; )] = (10)
Consider that the seepage velocity is along the -axis 2
then = (, ) and the non-zero component will be 11 =
= (coefficient of longitudinal dispersion) and other which satisfies the property [ + ] = 0 where and are
components are zero [12]. Thus the Eq. (4) becomes constants.
Liao [22] constructed the zeroth-order deformation equation
2
+ = 2 (5) (1 )[(, ; ) 0 (, )]

= 0 (, )((, ; )) (11)
where is the component of velocity along the -axis which is
dependent on time as well as concentration along the positive
-axis and > 0, and it is the cross-sectional flow velocity where [0,1] the embedding-parameter, 0 0 the
in porous medium. The seepage velocity is related with the convergence control parameter, (, ) 0 the auxiliary
(,) function.
concentration of the dispersion material as = where
0 When = 0 and = 1, Eq. (11) provided
> 0 where the concentration of contaminated water at = 0
is very high and for 0 1 [13], the Eq. (5) becomes [14, 15] (, ; 0) = 0 (, ) and (, ; 1) = (, ). (12)

2 Thus as increases from 0 to 1, (, ; ) continuously

+ = 2. (6)
deforms from the initial approximation 0(, ) to the exact
solution (, ) of the Eq. (6). Assume that the auxiliary linear
1104
IJRITCC | May 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 5 1103 1107
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
operator, the initial approximation, the convergence control where and are constants or functions of . Hence the
parameter and the auxiliary function are chosen so properly that approximate analytical solution of the Eq. (6) is as
the Maclaurin series of (, ; ) with respect to
(, ) = (1 )2 (1 + ) +

7 2 2
(, ; ) = 0 (, ) + (, ) (13) + 0 [ + + + + +
20 12 6 30 30 210
=1
2 2 7 3 2 3 2 3
+ 2 +
where 2 2 6 3 6
4 3 3 2 3 2 4 4 3 4
+ +
1 (, ; ) 3 3 6 3 4 2
(, ) = | (14) 4 2 4 3 5 4 5 5
! =0 + + +
2 2 20 5 5
3 2 5 6 2 6 2 7
converges at = 1. Thus the homotopy series solution is + +
5 6 3 14

+ 2 2 2 + 3 ] + . (21)
(, ) = 0(, ) + (, ) . (15)
=1

Define
(, ) = {0 , 1 , , }. Differentiating the Eq.
(11) times with respect to the embedding-parameter and
dividing them by ! and then finally setting = 0, we have
the high-order deformation equation
The solution represents the concentration of contaminated
[ (, ) 1 (, )] = 0 (, ) ( 1 ) (16)
water in longitudinal dispersion. The solution expression (21)
contains the convergence control parameter 0 which plays an
subject to the boundary conditions important role for obtaining convergent homotopy analysis
solution. Thus the convergent homotopy analysis solution
(0, ) = 0, (1, ) = 0, 1 (17)
strongly dependent on the convergence control parameter 0 .
The proper value of 0 is chosen with the help of 0 -curve [18-
where
21, 23-25, 27]. The 0 -curve of (0,0) is plotted using
Mathematica package for BVPh [26]; (see figure 1). The line
1 1 ((, ; ))
( 1 ) =
| (18) segment almost parallel to horizontal axis gives us the valid
( 1)! 1 =0 region 1.6 0 0.4 for 0 . The following constant
values are considered as = 1, = 0.001 for obtaining the
or numerical values and graphical presentation of solution.
1 IV. NUMERICAL INTERPRETATION OF SOLUTION
2 1 1 1
(

1 ) =
2 The solution expression (21) with proper value of 0 =
=0
0.9 is used to interpret numerically. Table 1 indicates the
and numerical values of the solution (, ) at different for =
0.1,0.2, ,1 for 20th order of approximation. Tabular values
0 , when 1 show that the concentration (, ) of contaminated water
= { (19)
1 , when > 1. decreases when increases for a given time .

For simplicity, we assume that (, ) = 1. Thus it is easy V. GRAPHICAL INTERPRETATION OF SOLUTION

to solve the linear ordinary differential equations (16). Then the
The graphical interpretation of the solution (21) is given in
general solution of the high-order deformation equation (16) is
figures 2-4. These figures are plotted using Mathematica
package for BVPh [26]. Figures 2 and 3 show the graph of
(, ) = 1 (, ) + 0 ( 1 ) + +
concentration (, ) v/s for fixed time = 0.3 and for fixed
time = 0.7 respectively. Figure 4 represents the graph of
(20) concentration (, ) v/s distance and time .

1105
IJRITCC | May 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication
Volume: 5 Issue: 5
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 1: The 0 -curve of (0,0) for 20thorder of approximation.
Figure 2: The graph of (, ) v/s for fixed = 0.3.
Figure 3: The graph of (, ) v/s for fixed = 0.7.
IJRITCC | May 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
ISSN: 2321-8169
1103 1107
Figure 4: The graph of (, ) v/s and .
VI. CONCLUSIONS
We have discussed the nonlinear Burger's equation for
longitudinal dispersion phenomenon in miscible fluid flow
through porous medium. Homotopy analysis solution is
obtained for longitudinal dispersion phenomenon with
appropriate boundary conditions. The solution satisfies both the
boundary conditions. We have discussed the numerical
interpretation and graphical interpretation of solution. The
results show that the concentration of contaminated water
decreases when the distance increases for a given time .
REFERENCES
[1] Bear, J. Dynamics of fluids in porous media, American Elsevier
Publishing Company, Inc., New York, 1972.
[2] Carrier, G.F. The mixing of grounwater and seawater in permeable
subsoils, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 4(5) (1958), 479-488.
[3] Scheidegger A. E. General theory of dispersion in porous media, Journal
of Geophysical Research, 66(10) (1961), 3273-3278.
[4] Al-Niami, A. N. S.; Rushton, K. R. Analysis of flow against dispersion
in porous media, Journal of Hydrology, 33 (1977), 87-97.
[5] Hunt, B. Dispersion calculations in nonuniform seepage, Journal of
Hydrology, 36 (1978), 261-277.
[6] Patel, T. R.; Mehta, M. N. A solution of the Burger's equation for
longitudinal dispersion of miscible fluid flow through porous media,
International Journal of Petroleum Geology, 14(2) (2005), 49-54.
[7] Meher, R. K.; Mehta, M. N. A new approach to Backlund
transformations of Burger equation arising in longitudinal dispersion of
miscible fluid flow through porous media, International Journal of
Applied Mathematics and Computation, 2(3) (2010), 17-24.
[8] Meher, R. K.; Mehta, M. N.; Meher S. K.. Adomian decomposition
method for dispersion phenomena arising in longitudinal dispersion of
miscible fluid flow through porous media, Advances in Theoretical and
Appllied Mechanics, 3(5) (2010), 211-220.
[9] Joshi, M. S.; Desai, N. B.; Mehta, M. N. Solution of the Burger's
equation for longitudinal dispersion phenomena occurring in miscible
phase flow through porous media, ITB Journal of Engineering Sciences,
44(1) (2012), 61-76.
1106
International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication
Volume: 5 Issue: 5
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
[10] Borana, R. N.; Pradhan, V. H.; Mehta, M. N. Numerical solution of
Burgers' equation arising in longitudinal dispersion phenomena in fluid
flow through porous media by Crank-Nicolson scheme, 5th International
Conference on Porous Media and Their Applications in Science,
Engineering and Industry, Eds, ECI Symposium Series, Vol. 2014.
[11] Olayiwola, M. O. A computational method for the solution of nonlinear
Burger's equation arising in longitudinal dispersion phenomena in fluid
flow through porous media, British Journal of Mathematics & Computer
Science, 14(5) (2016), 1-7.
[12] Polubarinova-Kochina, P. Y. Theory of ground water movement,
Princeton University Press, 1962.
[13] Mehta, M. N.; Patel, T. R. A solution of the Burger's equation type one
dimensional ground water recharge by spreading in porous media,
Journal of the Indian Academy of Mathematics, 28(1) (2006), 25-32.
[14] Rifai, M. N. E.; Kaufman, W. J.; Todd, D. K. Dispersion phenomena in
laminar flow through porous media, Progr. Rept. 2, Sanitary Eng.
Research Lab., University of California, Berkeley,Inst. Eng. Res. Series
90, (1956), 1-157.
[15] Bear, J. On the tensor form of dispersion in porous media, Journal of
Geophysical Research, 66(4) (1961), 1185-1197.
[16] Desai, N. B. The study of problems arises in single phase and multiphase
flow through porous media, Ph.D. Thesis, South Gujarat University,
Surat, India, 2002.
[17] Patel, M. A.; Desai, N. B. An approximate analytical solution of
nonlinear differential equation arising in fluid flow through
homogeneous porous media, International Journal of Innovative
Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 4(8) (2015), 7655-
7662.
[18] Patel, M. A.; Desai, N. B. Homotopy analysis solution of countercurrent
imbibition phenomenon in inclined homogeneous porous medium,
Global Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 12(1) (2016), 1035-
1052.
ISSN: 2321-8169
1103 1107
[19] Patel, M. A.; Desai, N. B. Homotopy analysis method for fingero-
imbibition phenomenon in heterogeneous porous medium, Nonlinear
Science Letters A: Mathematics, Physics and Mechanics, 8(1) (2017),
90-100.
[20] Patel, M. A.; Desai, N. B. A mathematical model of cocurrent imbibition
phenomenon in inclined homogeneous porous medium, International
Conference on "Research and Innovations in Science, Engineering &
Technology" (ICRISET), Vallabh Vidyanagar, India, 2017.
[21] Patel, M. A.; Desai, N. B. Homotopy analysis method for nonlinear
partial differential equation arising in fluid flow through porous medium,
International Journal of Computer & Mathematical Sciences, 6(5)
(2017), 14-18.
[22] Liao, S. J. The proposed homotopy analysis technique for the solution of
nonlinear problems, Ph.D. Thesis, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,
Shanghai, China, 1992.
[23] Liao, S. J. Beyond perturbation: Introduction to the homotopy analysis
method, Chapman and Hall/CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2003.
[24] Darvishi, M. T.; Khani, F. A series solution of the foam drainage
equation, Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 58 (2009),
360-368.
[25] Ghotbi, A. R.; Omidvar, M.; Barari, A. Infiltration in unsaturated soils -
An analytical approach, Computers and Geotechnics, 38 (2011), 777-
782.
[26] Liao, S. J. Homotopy analysis method in nonlinear differential
equations, Higher Education Press, Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin
Heidelberg, 2012.
[27] Vajravelu, K.; Van Gorder, R. A. Nonlinear flow phenomena and
homotopy analysis: Fluid flow and Heat transfer, Higher Education
Press, Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

TABLE 1: NUMERICAL VALUES OF THE CONCENTRATION OF CONTAMINATED WATER

= . = . = . = . = . = . = . = . = . = .
0 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0.1 0.9274953 0.9274953 0.9274953 0.9274953 0.9274953 0.9274953 0.9274953 0.9274953 0.9274953 0.9274953
6169 6169 6169 6169 6169 6169 6169 6169 6169 6169
0.2 0.8479535 0.8479535 0.8479535 0.8479535 0.8479535 0.8479535 0.8479535 0.8479535 0.8479535 0.8479535
5919 5918 5918 5918 5918 5918 5918 5917 5917 5917
0.3 0.7613829 0.7613829 0.7613829 0.7613829 0.7613829 0.7613829 0.7613829 0.7613829 0.7613829 0.7613829
1228 1227 1227 1226 1226 1226 1225 1225 1225 1225
0.4 0.6679741 0.6679741 0.6679741 0.6679741 0.6679741 0.6679741 0.6679741 0.6679741 0.6679741 0.6679741
6303 6302 6301 6300 6300 6299 6299 6299 6298 6298
0.5 0.5681235 0.5681235 0.5681235 0.5681235 0.5681235 0.5681235 0.5681235 0.5681235 0.5681235 0.5681235
7531 7530 7529 7528 7527 7527 7526 7526 7526 7525
0.6 0.4624462 0.4624462 0.4624462 0.4624462 0.4624462 0.4624462 0.4624462 0.4624462 0.4624462 0.4624462
7975 7974 7973 7973 7972 7972 7971 7971 7971 7970
0.7 0.3517764 0.3517764 0.3517764 0.3517764 0.3517764 0.3517764 0.3517764 0.3517764 0.3517764 0.3517764
3762 3762 3761 3761 3760 3760 3760 3760 3759 3759
0.8 0.2371517 0.2371517 0.2371517 0.2371517 0.2371517 0.2371517 0.2371517 0.2371517 0.2371517 0.2371517
7269 7269 7268 7268 7268 7268 7268 7268 7268 7267
0.9 0.1197816 0.1197816 0.1197816 0.1197816 0.1197816 0.1197816 0.1197816 0.1197816 0.1197816 0.1197816
5310 5310 5309 5309 5309 5309 5309 5309 5309 5309
1.0 0.0010000 0.0010000 0.0010000 0.0010000 0.0010000 0.0010000 0.0010000 0.0010000 0.0010000 0.0010000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000

1107
IJRITCC | May 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________