Summary of Foreign Exchange Management Act,

1999

(Source: Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 issued by Govt, of India)

Introduction:

The Foreign Exchange Regulation Act of 1973 (FERA)in India was repealed on 1st June,
2000. It was replaced by the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), which was
passed in the winter session of Parliament in 1999. Enacted m 1973, in the backdrop of
acute shortage of Foreign Exchange in the country, FERA had a controversial 27 year
stint during which many bosses of the Indian Corporate world found themselves at the
mercy of the Enforcement Directorate (E.D.). Any offense under FERA was a criminal
offense liable to imprisonment, whereas FEMA seeks to make offenses relating to foreign
exchange civil offenses.

FEMA, which has replaced FERA, had become the need of the hour smce FERA had
become incompatible with the pro-liberalisation policies of the Government of India.
FEMA has brought a new management regime of Foreign Exchange consistent with the
emerging frame work o f the World Trade Organisation (WTO). It is another matter that
enactment of FEMA also brought with it Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002
which came into effect recently from 1st July, 2005 and the heat of which is yet to be felt
as Enforcement Directorate would be invesitigating the cases under PMLA too.

Unlike other laws where everything is permitted unless specifically prohibited, under
FERA nothing was permitted unless specifically permitted. Hence the tenor and tone of
the Act was very drastic. It provided for imprisonment of even a very minor offence.
Under FERA, a person was presumed guilty unless he proved himself innocent whereas
under other laws, a person is presumed innocent unless he is proven guilty.
Objectives and Extent of FEMA

The object of the Act is to consolidate and amend the law relating to foreign exchange
with the objective of facilitating external trade and payments and for promoting the
orderly development and maintenance of foreign exchange market in India.

FEMA extends to the whole of India. It applies to all branches, offices and agencies
outside India owned or controlled by a person who is a resident of India and also to any
contravention there under committed outside India by any person to whom this Act
applies.

Except with the general or special permission of the Reserve Bank of India, no person
can

deal in or transfer any foreign exchange or foreign security to any person not
being an authorized person;
make any payment to or for the credit of any person resident outside India in any
manner;
receive otherwise through an authorized person, any payment by order or on
behalf of any person resident outside India in any manner;
reasonable restrictions for current account transactions as may be prescribed.
Any person may sell or draw foreign exchange to or from an authorized person
for a capital account transaction. The Reserve Bank may, in consultation with the
Central Government, specify
any class or classes of capital account transactions which are permissible;
the limit up to which foreign exchange shall be admissible for such transactions

However, the Reserve Bank cannot impose any restriction on the drawing of foreign
exchange for payments due on account of amortization of loans or for depreciation of
direct investments in the ordinary course of business.

The Reserve Bank can, by regulations, prohibit, restrict or regulate the following
 transfer or issue of any foreign security by a person resident in India;
transfer or issue of any security by a person resident outside India;
transfer or issue of any security or foreign security by any branch, office or
agency in India of a person resident outside India;
any borrowing or lending in foreign exchange in whatever form or by whatever
name called;
any borrowing or tending in rupees in whatever form or by whatever name called
between a person resident in India and a person resident outside India;
deposits between persons resident in India and persons resident outside India;
export, import or holding of currency or currency notes;
transfer of immovable property outside India, otner than a lease not exceeding
five years, by a person resident in India;
acquisition or transfer of immovable property in India, other than a lease not
exceeding five years, by a person resident outside India;
giving of a guarantee or surety in respect of any debt, obligation or other liability
incurred

(i) by a person resident in India and owed to a person resident outside

India or

(ii) by a person resident outside India.

A person, resident in India may hold, own, transfer or invest in foreign currency, foreign
security or any immovable property situated outside India if such currency, security or
property was acquired, held or owned by such person when he was resident outside India
or inherited from a person who was resident outside India

A person resident outside India may hold, own, transfer or invest in Indian currency,
security or any immovable property situated in India if such currency, security or
property was acquired, held or owned by such person when he was resident in India or
inherited from a person who was resident in India.
The Reserve Bank may, by regulation, prohibit, restrict, or regulate establishment in India
of a branch, office or other place of business by a person resident outside India, for
carrying on any activity relating to such branch, office or other place o f business. Every
exporter of goods and services must

furnish to the Reserve Bank or to such other authority a declaration in such form
and in such manner as may be specified, containing true and correct material
particulars, including the amount representing the full export value or, if the full
export value of the goods is not ascertainable at the time o f export, the value
which the exporter, having regard to the prevailing market conditions, expects to
receive on the sale of the goods in a market outside India;
furnish to the Reserve Bank such other information as may be required by the
Reserve Bank for the purpose of ensuring the realization of the export proceeds
by such exporter.

The Reserve Bank may, for the purpose of ensuring that the full export value of the goods
or such reduced value of the goods as the Reserve Bank determines, having regard to the
prevailing market-conditions, is received without any delay, direct any exporter to
comply with such requirements as it deems fit.

Where any amount of foreign exchange is due or has accrued to any person resident in
India, such person shall take all reasonable steps to realize and repatriate to India such
foreign exchange within such period and in such manner as may be specified by the
Reserve Bank.

Contraventions and Penalties

If any person contravenes any provision of this Act, or contravenes any rule, regulation,
notification, direction or order issued in exercise of the powers under this Act, or
contravenes any condition subject to which an authorization is issued by the Reserve
Bank, he shall, upon adjudication, be liable to a penalty up to thrice the sum involved in
such contravention where such amount is quantifiable, or up to two lakh rupees where the
amount is not quantifiable, and where such contravention is a continuing one, further
penalty which may extend to five thousand rupees for every day after the first day during
which the contravention continues.

Any Adjudicating Authority adjudging any contravention may, if he thinks fit in addition
to any penalty which he may impose for such contravention direct that any currency,
security or any other money or property in respect of which the contravention has taken
place shall be confiscated to the Central Government and further direct that the foreign
exchange holdings, if any, of the persons committing the contraventions or any part
thereof, shall be brought back into India or shall be retained outside India in accordance
with the directions made in this behalf.

"Property in respect of which contravention has taken place, shall include deposits in a
bank, where the said property is converted into such deposits, Indian currency, where the
said property is converted into that currency; and any other property which has resulted
out of the conversion of that property.

If any person fails to make full payment of the penalty imposed on him within a period of
ninety days from the date on which the notice for payment of such penalty is served on
him, he shall be liable to civil imprisonment.

Investigation

The Directorate of Enforcement investigate to prevent leakage of foreign exchange which

generally occurs through the following malpractices :

Remittances of Indians abroad otherwise than through normal banking channels,

i.e. through compensatory payments.
Acquisition of foreign currency illegally by person in India.
Non-repatriation of the proceeds of the exported goods.
Unauthorised maintenance of accounts in foreign countries.
Under-invoicing of exports and over-invoicing of imports and any other type of
invoice manipulation.
Siphoning off of foreign exchange against fictitious and bogus imports.
 Illegal acquisition of foreign exchange through Hawala.
Secreting of commission abroad.

Organisational Set Up and Functions Of Enforcement Directorate

Directorate of Enforcement has to detect cases of violation and also perform substantially
adjudicatory functions to curb above malpractices.

The Enforcement Directorate, with its Headquarters at New Delhi has seven zonal offices
at Bombay, Calcutta, Delhi, Jalandhar, Madras, Ahmedabad and Bangalore. The zonal
offices are headed by the Deputy Directors. The Directorate has nme sub-zonal offices
at Agra, Srinagar, Jaipur, Varanasi, Trivandrum, Calicut, Hyderabad, Guwahati and Goa,
which are headed by the Assistant Directors. The Directorate has also a Unit at Madurai,
which is headed by a Chief Enforcement Officer. Besides, there are three Special
Directors of Enforcement and one Additional Director of Enforcement.

The main functions of the Directorate are as under:

To collect and develop intelligence relating to violation of the provisions of

Foreign Exchange Regulation Act and while working out the same, depending
upon the circumstances of the case:
To conduct searches of suspected persons, conveyances and premises for seizing
incriminating materials (including Indian and foreign currencies involved) and/or.
To enquire into and investigate suspected violations of provisions of the Foreign
Exchange Management Act.
To adjudicate cases of violations of Foreign Exchange Management Act for
levying penalties departmentally and also for confiscating the amounts involved
in contravent ions;
To realise the penalties imposed in departmental adjudication.
Procedural Provisions

For enforcing the provisions of various sections of FEMA, 1999, the officers of
Enforcement Directorate of the level of Assistant Director and above will have to
undertake the following functions

Collection and development of intelligence/information.

Keeping surveillance over suspects.
Searches of persons/vehicles by provisions of Income-tax Act, 1961.
Searches of premises as per provisions of Income-tax Act, 1961.
Summoning of persons for giving evidence and producing of documents as per
provisions of Income-tax Act, 1961.
Power to examine persons as per provisions of Income-tax Act, 1961.
Power to call for any information/document as per provisions of Income-tax Act,
1961.
Power to seize documents etc. as per provisions of Income-tax Act, 1961.
Custody of documents as per Income-tax Act, 1961.

Adjudication and appeals

Officers of and above the rank of Dy Director of Enforcement, are cases of contravention
of the provisions of the Act; these proceedings which are quasi-judicial in nature, start
with the issuance of show cause notice; in the event of cause shown by the Notice-not
being found satisfactory, further proceedings are held, vis. personal hearing, in which the
noticee has a further right to present his defence, either in person or through any
authorised representative; on conclusion of these proceedings, the adjudicating authority
has to examine and consider the evidence on record, in its entirety and in case the charges
not being found proved, the noticee is acquitted, and in the event of charges being found
substantiated, such penalty, as is considered appropriate as per provisions of section 13 of
the Act can be imposed, besides confiscation of amounts involved in these
contraventions.
Popular Exchange Rates Here 1-1-2007 (Source : Federal Reserve Bank of America)

Country Currency $ US Stg C Euro Yen (x lO O )

Afghanistan Afghani 49.1700 98.4654 66.9105 4157.61
Albania Lek 92.9400 186.117 126.468 7858.62
Algeria Dinar 70.0550 140.289 95.3274 5923.56
Andorra Euro 0.73490 1.47170 1 .0 0 0 0 0 62.1
Angola Readj Kwanza 79.9660 160.136 108.818 6761.59
Antigua E Carib $ 2.70000 5.40690 3.67400 228.3
Argentina Peso 3.08630 6.18040 4.19970 260.96
Armenia Dram 359.750 720.417 489.548 30419
Aruba Guilder 1.79000 3.58460 2.43580 151.36
Australia A$ 1.19770 2.39840 1.62980 101.27
Austria Euro 0.73490 1.47170 1 .0 0 0 0 0 62.1
Azerbaijan New Manat 0.86820 1.73860 1.18140 73.41
Azores Euro 0.73490 1.47170 1 .0 0 0 0 0 62.1
Bahamas Bahama $ 1 .0 0 0 0 0 2.00260 1.36080 84.56
Bahrain Dinar 0.37700 0.75500 0.51300 31.88
Balearic Is Euro 0.73490 1.47170 1 .0 0 0 0 0 62.1
Bangladesh Taka 69.0650 138.306 93.9802 5839.85
Barbados Barb $ 2.00000 4.00510 2.72150 169.11
Belarus Rouble 2145.11 4295.68 2918.95 181381
Belgium Euro 0.73490 1.47170 1 .0 0 0 0 0 62.1
Belize B$ 1.97000 3.94500 2.68070 166.58
Benin CFA Fr 482.056 965.340 655.957 40760.6
Bermuda Bermudian $ 1 .0 0 0 0 0 2.00260 1.36080 84.56
Bhutan Ngultrum 42.0725 84.2523 57.2502 3557.48
Bolivia Boliviano 7.99500 16.0104 10.8792 676.02
Bosnia Herzegovina Marka 1.43740 2.87830 1.95580 121.54
Botswana Pula 6.12930 12.2744 8.34050 518.27
Brazil Real 2.03300 4.07120 2.76640 171.9
Brunei Brunei $ 1.51240 3.02870 2.05800 127.88
Bulgaria Lev 1.43750 2.87870 1.95610 121.55
Burkina Faso CFA Fr 482.056 9 6 5 .34C 655.957 40760.6
Burma Kyat 6.42000 12.8564 8.73630 542.85
Burundi Burundi Fr 1049.84 2102.36 1428.57 88770.1
Cambodia Riel 3987.00 7984.17 5425.51 337124
Cameroon CFA Fr 482.056 965.340 655.957 40760.6
Canada Canadian $ 1.12780 2.25840 1.53460 95.36
Canary Is Euro 0.73490 1.47170 1 .0 0 0 0 0 62.1
Cp. Verde CV Escudo 81.5000 163.208 110.905 6891.3
Cayman Is Cl $ 0.85840 1.71900 1.16810 72.58
Cent. Afr. Rep CFA Fr 482.056 965.340 655.957 40760.6
Chad CFA Fr 482.056 965.340 655.957 40760.6
Chile Chilean Peso 530.050 1061.45 721.266 44818.8
China Yuan 7.71650 15.4527 10.5003 652.48
Colombia Col Peso 2139.50 4284.46 2911.32 180907
Comoros Fr 361.542 724.005 491.968 30570.5
Congo CFA Fr 482.056 965.340 655.957 40760.6
Congo (DemRep) Congo Fr 567.000 1135.45 771.547 47943.2
Costa Rica Colon 518.800 1038.92 705.957 43867.6
Cote d'Ivoire CFA Fr 482.056 965.340 655.957 40760.6
Croatia Kuna 5.45640 10.9266 7.42480 461.37
Cuba Cuban Peso 1.00000 2.00260 1.36080 84.56
Cuba (Converted) Conv Peso 0.82000 1.84230 1.25190 77.79
Cyprus Cyprus 0.42740 0.85580 0.58150 36.13
Czech Rep. Koruna 20.5938 41.2401 28.0230 1741.33
Denmark Danish Krone 5.47670 10.9673 7.45240 463.08
Djibouti Rep Djib Fr 175.750 351.948 239.161 14860.7
Dominica E Carib $ 2.70000 5.40690 3.67400 228.3
Dominican Rep D Peso 31.9500 63.9815 43.4760 2701.56
Ecuador Sucre 25000.0 50063.8 34018.8 2113900
Egypt Egyptian 5.68850 11.3915 7.74070 481
El Salvador Colon 8.75200 17.5263 11.9093 740.03
Equat'l Guinea CFA Fr 482.056 965.340 655.957 40760.6
Eritrea Nakfa 13.5000 27.0344 18.3708 1141.5
Estonia Kroon 11.4985 23.0262 15.6465 972,26
Ethiopia Ethiopian Birr 8.88950 17.8016 12.0964 751.66
Falkland Is Falk 0.49940 l.OOOCO 0.67950 42,19
Faroe Is Danish Krone 5.47670 10.9673 7.45240 463.08
Fiji Is Fiji $ 1.60570 3.21540 2.18490 135.77
Finland Euro 0.73490 1.47170 1.00000 62.1
France Euro 0.73490 1.47170 1.00000 62.1
Fr. Cty/Africa CFA Fr 482.056 965.340 655.957 40760.6
Fr. Guiana Euro 0.73490 1.47170 1.00000 62.1
Fr. Pacific Is CFP Fr 87.6355 175.494 119.250 7410.1
Gabon CFA Fr 482.056 965.340 655.957 40760.6
Gambia Dalasi 27.4000 54.8699 37.2846 2316.83
Georgia Lari 1.68900 3.38220 2.29820 142.81
Germany Euro 0.73490 1.47170 1.00000 62.1
Ghana Cedi 9251.08 18525.8 12588.4 782233
Gibraltar Gib 0.49940 1.00000 0.67950 42,19
Greece Euro 0.73490 1.47170 1.00000 62.1
Greenland Danish Krone 5.47670 10.9673 7.45240 463.08
Grenada E Carib $ 2.70000 5.40690 3.67400 228.3
Guadeloupe Euro 0.73490 1.47170 1.00000 62.1
Guam US $ 1.00000 2.00260 1.36080 84.56
Guatemala Quetzal 7.63500 15.2895 10.3894 645.58
Guinea Fr 5847.50 11709.9 7957.01 494440
Guinea-Bissau CFA Fr 482.056 965.340 655.957 40760.6
Guyana Guyanese $ 202.445 405.406 275.487 17117.9
Haiti Gourde 36.1500 72.3922 49.1911 3056.69
Honduras Lempira 18.8950 37.8382 25.7114 1597.68
Hong Kong HK $ 7.81400 15.6479 10.6328 660.72
Hungary Forint 180.970 362.402 246.255 15302.1
Iceland Icelandic Krona 64.9950 130.156 88.4420 5495.71
India Indian Rupee 42.0725 84.2523 57.2502 3557.48
Indonesia Rupiah 9102.50 18228.2 12386.2 769670
Iran Rial 9245.00 18513.6 12580.1 781719
Iraq New Iraqi Dinar 1271.00 2545.24 1729.58 107471
Euro 0.73490 1 47170 1 00000 62 1
Shekel 4 07700 8 16440 5 54780 344 73
Euro 0 73490 1 47170 1 00000 62 1
Jam aican $ 67 8250 135 823 92 2930 5735
Yen 118.265 236 832 160 929 100
Jordanian Dinar 0 70890 1.41950 0 96460 59 94
T enge 121 565 243 440 165 420 10279
Kenya Shilling 68 4900 137 155 93 1978 5791 23
Australian $ 1 19770 2 39840 1 62980 101 27
Won 142 450 248 100 170 600 11865
Won 929 250 1860 87 1264 48 78573 5
Kuwaiti Dinar 0 28920 0 57910 0 39350 24 4 5
Som 38 0500 76 1970 51 7766 3217.35
New Kip 9624 00 19272 5 13096 3 813766
Lats 0 51650 1 03420 0 70280 43 67
L ebanese 1512 00 3027 86 2057 45 127848
Maloti 7 05880 14 1355 9 60520 596 86
Liberian $ 58 0000 116 148 78 9264 4904 24
Libyan Dinar 1 26750 2 53820 1 72480 107 17
Swiss Fr 1 20370 2 41040 1 63790 101 78
Litas 2 53750 5 08140 3 45290 214 56
Euro 0 73490 1 47170 1 00000 62 1
Pataca 8.04630 16 1131 10 9490 680 36
D enar 4 4 9711 9 0 0568 61 1944 3802 57
Ariary 1850 00 3704 72 2517 39 156428
Euro 0 73490 1 47170 1 00000 62 1
Kwacha 140 221 280 800 190 806 11856 5
Ringgit 3 42750 6 86380 4.66400 289 82
Ruflya 12 8000 25 6327 17 4177 1082.32
CFA Fr 482 056 965 340 655 957 40760 6
M altese Lira 0 31550 0 63180 0 42930 26 68
Euro 0 73490 1 47170 1 00000 62 1
Ouguiya 271 200 543 093 369 036 229316
Maur Rupee 31 8250 63 7312 43 3059 2690.99
Mexican Peso 11 0114 22 0508 14 9837 931 07
Leu 12 4600 24 9518 16 9550 1053 57
Euro 0 73490 1 47170 1 00000 62 1
Tugrik 1163 95 2330 87 1583 85 98418 8
E Carib $ 2 70000 5 40690 3 67400 228 3
Dirham 8 23680 16 4946 11 2083 696 47
Metical 26 0500 52 1664 35 4488 2202.68
Dollar 7 05880 14 1355 9 60520 596 86
Australian $ 1 19770 2 39840 1 62980 101 27
N epalese Rupee 67 3160 134 804 91.6003 5691.96
A/Guilder 1 79000 3 58460 2 43580 151 36
Euro 0 73490 1 47170 1 00000 62 1
NZ $ 1 34300 2 68950 1 82750 113 56
Gold Cordoba 18 2670 36 5806 24 8569 1544 58
CFA Fr 4 8 2 056 965 340 655.957 40760 6
Naira 128 000 256 326 174 176 10823 2
N orw ay Nor. Krone 5.9 58 9 0 1 1 .9 3 2 9 8 .1 0 8 5 0 5 0 3 .8 6
O m an Rial O m ani 0 .3 8 5 0 0 0 .7 7 0 9 0 0 .5 2 3 8 0 3 2 .55
P akistan Pak. Rupee 6 0 .6 9 5 0 1 2 1 .5 4 5 8 2 .5 9 0 7 51 3 2.1 2
Panama Balboa 1.00000 2 .0 0 2 6 0 1.3 60 8 0 8 4 .5 6
Papua New G uinea K ira 2 .9 6 6 7 0 5 .9 4 1 0 0 4 .0 3 7 0 0 2 5 0 .8 5
Paraguay G uarani 5 0 2 5 .0 0 1 0 0 6 2 .8 6 8 3 7 .7 7 4 2 4 89 3
Peru New Sol 3 .1 7 8 5 0 6 .3 6 5 1 0 4 .3 2 5 2 0 2 6 8 .7 6
P hilippines Peso 4 7 .7 2 0 0 9 5 .5 6 1 7 6 4 .9 3 5 0 4 0 3 5 .0 1
P itcairn Is S te rlin g 0 .4 9 9 4 0 1.00000 0 .6 7 9 5 0 4 2 .1 9
Poland Z lo ty 2 .8 0 2 5 0 5 .6 1 2 0 0 3 .8 1 3 4 0 2 3 6 .9 6
P ortugal Euro 0 .7 3 4 9 0 1 .4 71 7 0 1.00000 62.1
P uerto Rico US $ 1.00000 2 .0 0 2 6 0 1.3 60 8 0 8 4 .5 6
Q a ta r Rival 3 .6 3 9 6 0 7 .2 8 8 5 0 4 .9 5 2 6 0 3 0 7 .7 5
R eunion Is . de la Euro 0 .7 3 4 9 0 1 .4 7 1 7 0 1.00000 62.1
R om ania New Leu 2 .4 5 1 8 0 4 .9 0 9 9 0 3 .3 3 6 3 0 20 7 .3 1
Russia Rouble 2 5 .7 3 6 8 5 1 .5 3 9 3 3 5 .0 2 1 4 21 7 6.2
R wanda Fr 5 4 6 .6 2 8 1 0 9 4 .6 5 7 4 3 .8 2 4 4 6 2 2 0 .6
S t C h ris to p h e r SDR 0 .6 5 5 2 0 1 .3 1 2 1 0 0 .8 9 1 6 0 5 5 .4
S t Helena E C arib $ 2 .7 0 0 0 0 5 .4 0 6 9 0 3 .6 7 4 0 0 2 2 8 .3
S t Lucia 0 .4 9 9 4 0 1.00000 0 .6 7 9 5 0 4 2 .1 9
S t P ierre & M iquelon E C arib $ 2 .7 0 0 0 0 5 .4 0 6 9 0 3 .6 7 4 0 0 2 2 8 .3
S t V in c e n t Euro 0 .7 3 4 9 0 1 .4 7 1 7 0 1.00000 62.1
San M arino E C arib $ 2 .7 0 0 0 0 5 .4 0 6 9 0 3 .6 7 4 0 0 228 .3
Sao T om e Euro 0 .7 3 4 9 0 1 .4 7 1 7 0 1.00000 62.1
Saudi A rabia Dobra 13250.0 2 6 5 3 3 .8 1 8 0 3 0 .6 11 2 03 7 0
SDR Riyal 3 .7 5 0 7 0 7 .5 1 1 0 0 5 .1 0 3 8 0 3 1 7 .1 4
Senegal C=A Fr 4 8 2 .0 5 6 9 6 5 .34C 6 5 5 .9 5 7 4 0 7 6 0 .6
S erbia & M ontengro D in a r 59 .46 6 7 1 1 9 .0 8 5 8 0 .9 1 9 3 NaN
S eychelles Rupee 6 .1 2 5 9 0 1 2 .2 6 7 5 8 .3 3 5 8 0 51 7 .9 8
S ierra Leone Leone 2 9 9 9 .6 0 6 0 0 6 .8 5 4 0 8 1 .7 0 25 3 63 3
S in g a p o re $ 1.5 12 4 0 3 .0 2 8 7 0 2 .0 5 8 0 0 127.88
S lovakia Koruna 2 4 .6 2 2 5 4 9 .3 0 7 7 3 3 .5 0 5 0 2 0 8 1 .9 7
S lovenia Euro 0 .7 3 4 9 0 1 .4 7 1 7 0 1.00000 62.1
S olom on Is $ 7 .1 8 6 5 0 1 4 .42 3 4 9 .8 0 0 8 0 6 0 7 .6 6
S o m a li Rep S hilling 1357.00 2 7 1 7 .4 6 1846.61 114742
S o u th A frica Rand 7 .0 5 8 8 0 1 4 .1 3 5 5 9 .6 0 5 2 0 5 9 6 .8 6
Spain Euro 0 .7 3 4 9 0 1 .4 7 1 7 0 1.00000 62.1
S panish Ports N Africa Euro 0 .7 3 4 9 0 1 .4 7 1 7 0 1.00000 62.1
Sri Lanka Rupee 11 0 .3 0 0 2 2 0 .8 8 1 150.091 9 3 2 6.5 1
S udan Rep D in a r 2 0 0 .5 1 0 4 0 1 .5 3 1 2 7 2 .8 4 4 16954.3
S u rin a m D o lla r 2 .7 4 5 0 0 5 .4 9 7 0 0 3 .7 3 5 3 0 232.11
S w aziland Lilangeni 7 .0 5 8 8 0 1 4 .13 5 5 9 .6 0 5 2 0 5 9 6 .8 6
Sw eden Krona 6 .7 6 6 5 0 13 .55 0 2 9 .2 0 7 5 0 57 2 .1 4
S w itz e rla n d Fr 1.20370 2 .4 1 0 4 0 1.6 37 9 0 101.78
S yria 5 2 .2 1 0 0 1 0 4 .5 5 3 7 1 .0 4 7 4 4 4 1 4 .6 6
Taiw an $ 3 3 .1 3 8 0 6 6 .3 6 0 5 4 5 .0 9 2 6 28 0 2.0 1
T a jik s ta n S om oni 3 .4 3 9 3 0 6 .8 9 0 4 0 4 .6 6 9 4 0 290.81
Tanzania S h illin g 1272.00 2 5 4 7 .2 4 17 3 0.8 7 107555
T hailand B aht 3 4 .7 7 5 0 6 9 .6 3 8 7 4 7 .3 2 0 1 2 9 4 0 .4 3
Togo Rep CFA Fr 4 8 2 .0 5 6 9 6 5 .3 4 0 6 5 5 .9 5 7 4 0 7 6 0 .6
Tonga Is Pa'anga 1.94700 3.90100 2.65080 164.63
Trinidad/Tobago $ 6.28510 12.5862 8.55240 531.44
Tunisia Dinar 1.28910 2.58150 1.75420 109
T u rkey New Lira 1.35250 2.70850 1.84040 114.36
Turkm enistan Manat 5200.00 10413.3 7076.16 439691
Turks & Caicos US $ 1.00000 2.00260 1.36080 84.56
Tuvalu Australian $ 1.19770 2.39840 1.52980 101.27
Uganda New Shilling 1722.00 3448.39 2343.21 145605
Ukraine Hryvna 5.03180 10.0764 6.84700 425.46
UAE Dirham 3.67290 7.35520 4.99790 310.57
United Kingdom 0.49940 1.00000 0.67950 42.19
United States US $ 1.00000 2.00260 1 36080 84.56
Uruguay Peso Uruguay 24.0350 48.1313 32.7057 2032.3
Uzbekistan Sum 1253.31 2509.82 1705.44 105975
Vanuatu Vatu 102.505 205.272 139.484 8667.4
Vatican Euro 0.73490 1.47170 1.00000 62.1
Venezuela Bolivar 3239.92 6488.10 4408.72 273954
Vietnam Dong 16038.0 32116.9 21823.7 1356110
Virgin Is-B ritish US $ 1.00000 2.00260 1.36080 84.56
Virgin Is-US US $ 1.00000 2.00260 1.36080 84.56
Western Samoa Tala 2.58330 5.18270 3.52170 218.43
Yemen (Rep of) Rial 198.815 398.137 270.538 16811
Zambia Kwacha 4010.00 8030.23 5456.61 339069
Zimbabwe $ 250.000 500.638 340.188 21139