Sie sind auf Seite 1von 30

EDUCACIN PLSTICA

Y ARTSTICA EN
EDUCACIN INFANTIL
Una Metodologa para el Desarrollo de la Creatividad

EDITORIAL
(GXFDFLyQ3OiVWLFD\$UWtVWLFD
HQ(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLO
'HVDUUROORGHODFUHDWLYLGDG
Una Metodologa para el
Desarrollo dePpWRGRV\HVWUDWHJLDV
la Creatividad
)LFKDGHFDWDORJDFLyQELEOLRJUiILFD

%DUCACIN0LSTICAY!RTSTICAEN%DUCACIN)NFANTIL
Una Metodologa para el Desarrollo DELACREATIVIDAD
s%DICIN

)DEAS0ROPIAS %DITORIAL6IGO 

)3". 6578 90 9

&ORMATOXCMs0GINAS104

educacin plstica y artstica en educacin


infantil. una metodologa para el desarrollo
('8&$&,13/67,&$<$5767,&$(1('8&$&,1,1)$17,/
de la ceatividad
'(6$552//2'(/$&5($7,9,'$'0e72'26<(675$7(*,$6
1RHVWiSHUPLWLGDODUHSURGXFFLyQWRWDORSDUFLDOGHHVWHOLEURQLVXWUDWDPLHQWRLQIRUPiWLFR
QLODWUDQVPLVLyQGHQLQJXQDIRUPDRSRUFXDOTXLHUPHGLR\DVHDHOHFWUyQLFRPHFiQLFRSRU
IRWRFRSLDSRUUHJLVWURXRWURVPpWRGRVVLQHOSHUPLVRSUHYLR\SRUHVFULWRGHORVWLWXODUHV
GHO&RS\ULJKW

'(5(&+265(6(59$'26UHVSHFWRDODSULPHUDHGLFLyQHQHVSDxROSRU
 ,GHDV3URSLDV(GLWRULDO

,6%1;
'HSyVLWR/HJDO&
$XWRUHV'DYLG5ROODQR9LODERDH,GHDVSURSLDV
'LVHxR,GHDV3URSLDV3XEOLFLGDG6/
&RRUGLQDFLyQ(GLWRULDO1HW%LEOR6/
,OXVWUDFLRQHV3RUWDGD$OLD
0DTXHWDFLyQ2SFLyQ*UiILFD&RUXxD
,PSUHVRHQ-RVPDQ3UHVV
,PSUHVRHQ(VSDxD3ULQWHGLQ6SDLQ
1',&(

 /DH[SUHVLyQSOiVWLFDLQIDQWLO   


 ,QWURGXFFLyQ   
 /DH[SUHVLyQSOiVWLFDLQIDQWLO   
  /DH[SUHVLyQSOiVWLFDFRPRDFWLYLGDGO~GLFD  
  /DH[SUHVLyQSOiVWLFDFRPRHVWUXFWXUDGHFRQRFLPLHQWR
   \OHQJXDMHQRYHUEDO  
 5HVXPHQGHFRQWHQLGRV  
 $872(9$/8$&,1  

 (OSHQVDPLHQWRYLVXDO\ODFUHDFLyQSOiVWLFD  
 ,QWURGXFFLyQ   
 'HOYHUDOKDFHUUHODFLRQHVHQWUHSHUFHSFLyQFUHDFLyQ
  \UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ  
 5HVXPHQGHFRQWHQLGRV  
 $872(9$/8$&,1  

 (OSDSHOGHODHVFXHODHQHOGHVDUUROORGHODDFWLYLGDGSOiVWLFD   


 ,QWURGXFFLyQ   
 (OGHVDUUROORGHODDFWLYLGDGSOiVWLFDHOSDSHOGHODHVFXHOD  
 5HVXPHQGHFRQWHQLGRV  
 $872(9$/8$&,1  

 /DLQWHUDFFLyQGHOHQJXDMHV   


 ,QWURGXFFLyQ   
 /HQJXDMHSOiVWLFR\OHQJXDMHRUDO   
 /HQJXDMHSOiVWLFR\OHQJXDMHHVFULWR  
 /HQJXDMHSOiVWLFR\SVLFRPRWULFLGDG   
 5HVXPHQGHFRQWHQLGRV  
 $872(9$/8$&,1  

 /DVHWDSDVGHHYROXFLyQJUiILFRH[SUHVLYDVFRPRHVTXHPDGHFRQRFLPLHQWR  
 ,QWURGXFFLyQ   
 *pQHVLV\GHVDUUROORGHOJHVWRJUiILFR   
 $FFLRQHVTXHSUHFHGHQDOJUDILVPR   
 /DFRRUGLQDFLyQyFXORPDQXDO  
 /DLQGHSHQGHQFLDVHJPHQWDULD   
 /DHYROXFLyQGHOJDUDEDWR  
 /DSUHVLPEROL]DFLyQ  
 'HOSODQRPRWyULFRDODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQVLPEyOLFD  
 /DVLPEROL]DFLyQ  
 )RUPDFLyQGHHVTXHPDVIRUPDFLyQGHFRQFHSWRV   
 5HVXPHQGHFRQWHQLGRV   
 $872(9$/8$&,1  

 0DWHULDOHV\WpFQLFDV  
 ,QWURGXFFLyQ   
 0DWHULDOHV\WpFQLFDVELGLPHQVLRQDOHVTXHIDYRUH]FDQHOGHVDUUROOR
  GHODIRUPDHOXVRGHOFRORU\ODGLVWULEXFLyQGHOHVSDFLR  
 0DWHULDOHV\WpFQLFDVWULGLPHQVLRQDOHVTXHGHVDUUROOHQODFDSWDFLyQ
  GHOHVSDFLRODSHUFHSFLyQGHWH[WXUDV\ODFRPSUHQVLyQGHOYROXPHQ   
 5HVXPHQGHFRQWHQLGRV  
 $872(9$/8$&,1  

 5(680(1  

 (;$0(1  

 62/8&,21(6$/$6$872(9$/8$&,21(6  

 %,%/,2*5$)$  
&RQVXOWHHOFDWiORJRGHWtWXORVHQ

ZZZLGHDVSURSLDVHGLWRULDOFRP
(GXFDFLyQ3OiVWLFD\$UWtVWLFDHQ(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLO 

(GXFDFLyQ3OiVWLFD\$UWtVWLFD
HQ(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLO

 /DH[SUHVLyQSOiVWLFDLQIDQWLO

 ,QWURGXFFLyQ

/DHGXFDFLyQDUWtVWLFDGHEHVHUDQWHVGHQDGDODHGXFDFLyQGHODHVSRQWDQHLGDG
HVWpWLFD \ GH OD FDSDFLGDG GH FUHDFLyQ TXH HO QLxR PDQLILHVWD 0HQRV D~Q TXH
FXDOTXLHU RWUD IRUPD GH HGXFDFLyQ QR SXHGH FRQWHQWDUVHFRQ OD WUDQVPLVLyQ \ OD
DFHSWDFLyQSDVLYDGHXQDYHUGDGRGHXQLGHDOFRPSOHWDPHQWHHODERUDGRODEHOOH]D
FRPRODYHUGDGQRWLHQHYDORUVLQRHVUHFUHDGDSRUHOVXMHWRTXHODFRQVLJXH
        
-3LDJHW 

/D FUHDWLYLGDG QR HV XQD FXDOLGDG GH OD TXH VyOR HVWpQ GRWDGRV ORV DUWLVWDV \
SHUVRQDVGHVXPLVPDYRFDFLyQVLQRTXHGHEHFRQVLGHUDUVHFRPRXQDDFWLWXGTXH
SXHGHSRVHHU\UHDOL]DUFXDOTXLHUWLSRGHVHUKXPDQR
        
(3URP 

+R\HQGtDH[LVWHXQLQWHUpVPD\RULWDULDPHQWHJHQHUDOL]DGRGHHQFDPLQDUOD
HQVHxDQ]DKDFLDODFUHDWLYLGDG\SDUDHOORVHSURFXUDIRUPDUDORVDOXPQRV
PHGLDQWH SUHFHSWRV VLJQLILFDWLYRV TXH OHV SHUPLWDQ UHDFFLRQDU \ VROXFLRQDU
FRQIOLFWRV\VLWXDFLRQHV

7HQLHQGRHQFXHQWDTXHFDGDYH]VHKDFHPiVSDWHQWHODVLVWHPiWLFDJOREDOL]DFLyQ
GHODVLGHDVWDQWRHQODHGXFDFLyQFRPRHQRWURViPELWRV\TXHH[LVWHDGHPiV
XQDWHQGHQFLDKDFLDODFRVLILFDFLyQGHOVHUKXPDQRFRPRXQPHURLQVWUXPHQWR
GHLQWHUFDPELRORVGRFHQWHVDVXPHQHQSOHQRVLQLFLRVGHOVLJOR;;,ODFRPSOHMD
SHURJUDWLILFDQWHWDUHDGHHGXFDU\IRUPDUDODOXPQDGRHQIXQFLyQGHFULWHULRV
TXHIDYRUH]FDQHOQDFLPLHQWRGHOSHQVDPLHQWRFUtWLFRHQHOQLxR
 (GXFDFLyQ3OiVWLFD\$UWtVWLFDHQ(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLO

(Q HVWRV FULWHULRV GHEH DFHQWXDUVH OD LPSRUWDQFLD GHO GHVDUUROOR LQWHJUDO OD
FDSDFLGDG LQWHOHFWXDO ORV VHQWLPLHQWRV \ ORV YDORUHV EiVLFRV GH FRQYLYHQFLD
FRQHOUHVWRGHORVVHUHVTXHOHURGHDQ

(VWDVDFWLWXGHVQHFHVLWDQGHXQRVSURFHGLPLHQWRVHVSHFtILFRVTXHFRQWHQJDQ
XQRV FRQFHSWRV DGHFXDGRV SDUD HO FRPSOHWR GHVDUUROOR LQIDQWLO \ HV HQ
HO SHULRGR LQIDQWLO GRQGH VH DVLHQWDQ ODV EDVHV SDUD HO IXWXUR FUHFLPLHQWR
LQGLYLGXDOGHOQLxR

(O QLYHO GH HGXFDFLyQ LQIDQWLO HVWDUi FRQVWLWXLGR SRU XQ FLFOR GH  DxRV
DFDGpPLFRVTXHVHFXUVDQGHVGHORVKDVWDORVDxRVGHHGDG

/D(GXFDFLyQ3OiVWLFD,QIDQWLOFRQWULEXLUiDGHVDUUROODUHQORVQLxRVGLYHUVDV
FDSDFLGDGHVHQWUHODVTXHHVWiQODVVLJXLHQWHV

 &RQRFHUVXSURSLRFXHUSR\VXVSRVLELOLGDGHV

 2EVHUYDU\H[SORUDUVXHQWRUQR

 /DDGTXLVLFLyQGHXQDDXWRQRPtDSURJUHVLYD

 /DUHODFLyQFRQORVGHPiV\ODFRQYLYHQFLD

 (OGHVDUUROORGHODVFDSDFLGDGHVFRPXQLFDWLYDV

3RUHVWDUD]yQORVGRFHQWHVGHHGXFDFLyQLQIDQWLOGHEHQSUHVWDUXQDDWHQFLyQ
YLWDOHQODHOHFFLyQGHORVFRQWHQLGRV

1XHVWUR VLVWHPD DFWXDO GH HGXFDFLyQ GH DPSOLD WUDGLFLyQ PHPRUtVWLFD


DVLJQD PXFKD LPSRUWDQFLD DO DSUHQGL]DMH GH OD FRUUHFWD LQIRUPDFLyQ DFHUFD
GH ORV KHFKRV 7RGR GHSHQGH GH OD FDSDFLGDG GH PHPRUL]DU R QR FLHUWRV
FRQRFLPLHQWRV TXH \D SRVHH HO PDHVWUR HV GHFLU GH UHDOL]DU XQD FROHFFLyQ
GH FRQRFLPLHQWRV \ VHU FDSD] GH UHSURGXFLUORV HQ XQ PRPHQWR GDGR 'H
HVWH PRGR VH REYLD OD FDSDFLGDG GHO DOXPQR SDUD SUHJXQWDU \ GHVFXEULU OD
FDSDFLGDGGHRUJDQL]DU\HVWUXFWXUDUHOSHQVDPLHQWRSDUDKDOODUODVFRQH[LRQHV
TXHOHIDFLOLWHQODSRVLELOLGDGGHHQFRQWUDUUHVSXHVWDVDVXVGXGDV
(GXFDFLyQ3OiVWLFD\$UWtVWLFDHQ(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLO 

(O GHVDUUROOR GH OD FDSDFLGDG SHUFHSWLYD GHEHUtD VHU HO SXQWR GH LQLFLR GH
WRGDHGXFDFLyQIXQGDPHQWDOSRUHVWHPRWLYRFRQVLGHUDPRVTXHODHGXFDFLyQ
SOiVWLFD\DUWtVWLFDHQHGXFDFLyQLQIDQWLOHVEiVLFDSDUDHOySWLPRGHVDUUROORGHO
QLxRHQWRGDVODVIDFHWDVGHVXYLGD

/DHGXFDFLyQDUWtVWLFD\HOSURFHVRGHFUHDFLyQOHVLUYHQDOQLxRFRPRXQPHGLR
SDUDH[SUHVDUVXVVHQWLPLHQWRVVXVSHQVDPLHQWRV\VXVLQWHUHVHVPHGLDQWHXQD
DFWLYLGDGFUHDGRUD$GHPiVIDYRUHFHQVXDXWRFRQRFLPLHQWR\ODLQWHUUHODFLyQ
FRQHOPHGLRQDWXUDOHQHOTXHVHGHVHQYXHOYHQ

/DHGXFDFLyQDUWtVWLFDHVOD~QLFDGLVFLSOLQDTXHUHDOPHQWHVHFRQFHQWUDHQHO
GHVDUUROOR GH ODV H[SHULHQFLDV VHQVRULDOHV &XDQGR XQ QLxR VH LGHQWLILFD FRQ
VXWUDEDMRDSUHQGHDHQWHQGHU\DDSUHFLDUODVFRVDVTXHOHURGHDQ\GHHVWH
PRGRVXUJHHQpOXQDDFWLWXGGHFRPSURPLVRFRQHOSUyMLPR\FRQHOHQWRUQR
HQHOTXHYLYH

'DUOHDOQLxRODRSRUWXQLGDGGHFUHDUFRQVWDQWHPHQWHFRQVXVFRQRFLPLHQWRV
VLQFRDUWDUOHHVODPHMRUPDQHUDGHLQFHQWLYDUVXIXQFLyQFUHDGRUD\HVHQOD
HGDGLQIDQWLOGRQGHVHFRQIRUPDUiQHVWUXFWXUDVGHSHQVDPLHQWRLQDPRYLEOHV
TXH DFRPSDxDUiQ DO DOXPQR GXUDQWH HO WUDQVFXUVR GH VX YLGD 3RU HVWR HV
IXQGDPHQWDO XQ DSUHQGL]DMH GH ORV FRQFHSWRV DUWtVWLFRV \ GH ORV YDORUHV
SURPRYLGRVSRUODVHQVDFLyQFRPRPHGLRSDUDVXSURSLDVXSHUDFLyQ

 /DH[SUHVLyQSOiVWLFDLQIDQWLO

/DLPDJLQDFLyQHVPiVLPSRUWDQWHTXHHOFRQRFLPLHQWR

$(LQVWHLQ 

/DIXHU]DSULQFLSDOGHXQDQDFLyQQRUHVLGHHQVXVUHVHUYDVGHFDUEyQRGHKLHUUR
VLQRHQODFDSDFLGDGGHVXVMXYHQWXGHVSDUDODDFWLYLGDGFUHDGRUD

)UDQ]$OH[DQGHU 

/RVQLxRVSHTXHxRVKDFHQDUWHSDUDFRQRFHUH[SORUDU\H[SHULPHQWDU(QHVWH
SURFHVRGHVFXEUHQHOPLVWHULRODFUHDWLYLGDG\ODIUXVWUDFLyQ(ODUWHSHUPLWH
D ORV QLxRV GHVFXEULU \ H[SORUDU HO PXQGR $ YHFHV HO SURFHVR HV VyOR XQD
VHQVDFLyQSHJDGDDORVGHGRVSHURHQRWUDVHOPLVWHULRGHODPDQLSXODFLyQ\
 (GXFDFLyQ3OiVWLFD\$UWtVWLFDHQ(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLO

PH]FODGHPDWHULDOHV\FRORUHVDxDGHPXOWLWXGGHSHUFHSFLRQHVVHQVRULDOHVOD
H[SUHVLyQSOiVWLFDSXHGHVHUXQPHGLRGHUHDOL]DUFRQp[LWRXQDREUDRJROSHDUXQD
SHORWDRDUFLOODHQOXJDUGHSHJDUDRWURQLxR 0DULDQD3HOL]]HU 

&DGD UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ DUWtVWLFD LQIDQWLO LQGLFD ORV VHQWLPLHQWRV HO GHVDUUROOR


ItVLFR ODV DSWLWXGHV SHUFHSWLYDV OD FDSDFLGDG LQWHOHFWXDO ORV IDFWRUHV GH
FUHDWLYLGDGHOJXVWRHVWpWLFR\HOGHVDUUROORVRFLDOGHOQLxR

$XQTXHHOQLYHOGHDEVWUDFFLyQGHODH[SUHVLyQDUWtVWLFDLQIDQWLOHVPX\DOWR
FDGDWUD]RTXHHOQLxRUHDOL]DGHVGHHOSULPHUPRPHQWRRULJLQDODIRUPDFLyQGH
HVWUXFWXUDVGHSHQVDPLHQWRIDYRUHFHODSHUFHSFLyQ\DILDQ]DHQPD\RUJUDGROD
FRRUGLQDFLyQ\VXGHVDUUROORHQHOiPELWRTXHOHURGHD

/D H[SUHVLyQ SOiVWLFD SXHGH FXEULU REMHWLYRV PX\ GLYHUVRV DSWLWXGHV


FRQRFLPLHQWRV \ KiELWRV TXH SXHGHQ IRUPDU SDUWH LQWHJUDQWH GH VXV YLGDV
DGHPiVGHWRFDUGHFHUFDREMHWLYRVGHULYDGRVGHFRQWHQLGRVWUDQVYHUVDOHV
(GXFDFLyQ3OiVWLFD\$UWtVWLFDHQ(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLO 

([LVWHQGLVWLQWDVGLPHQVLRQHVHQODVTXHSRGHPRVHQJOREDUORVREMHWLYRV
SULQFLSDOHV GH OD HGXFDFLyQ SOiVWLFD \ ORV iPELWRV GH GHVDUUROOR HQ HO
SHULRGRLQIDQWLO

 'LPHQVLyQVHQVRULRSHUFHSWLYD

 /RVVHQWLGRVLQIDQWLOHVHVWiQHQSOHQRGHVDUUROOR\JUDFLDVDODHGXFDFLyQ
DUWtVWLFD HO QLxR SXHGH DPSOLDU VX FDSDFLGDG SHUFHSWLYD D OD KRUD GH
LQWHUSUHWDUIRUPDVDQDOL]DUGHWDOOHVFDSWDUHIHFWRVGHFRQMXQWRDXPHQWDUOD
PHPRULDYLVXDORGLVWLQJXLUPDWLFHV'HHVWHPRGRDILUPDVXVSHUFHSFLRQHV
FRQXQFRQVLJXLHQWHDXPHQWRHQVXQLYHOGHYLGD

 'LPHQVLyQSVLFRPRWUL]

 (VODTXHVHRFXSDGHODUHODFLyQHQWUHPHQWH\DFWRHQWUHODFRRUGLQDFLyQ
GHVXVPRYLPLHQWRV\ORVHOHPHQWRVTXHORVOOHYDQDFDER

 'LPHQVLyQDIHFWLYD

 (ODUWH\SRUVXSXHVWRHODUWHLQIDQWLOVXSRQHXQUHVSLURSDUDHOGtDDGtD
XQDYiOYXODGHHVFDSHSDUDH[SUHVDUODVYLYHQFLDVGHOQLxR(VWRVXSRQHTXH
GXUDQWH HO SURFHVR FUHDWLYRH[SUHVLYR HO QLxR PXHVWUD VXV VHQWLPLHQWRV
FRQXQDFODULYLGHQFLD\FHOHULGDGPD\RUTXHFRQFXDOTXLHURWURPHGLR

 'LPHQVLyQFRPXQLFDWLYD

 (ODUWHHVXQDPDQHUDGHFRPXQLFDUVH\PHGLDQWHpOHOQLxRH[SUHVDXQ
FRQWHQLGR+D\TXHKDFHUDTXtKLQFDSLpHQODLPSRUWDQFLDTXHHQQXHVWUD
VRFLHGDG SRVHH OD LPDJHQ \ OR QHFHVDULR TXH UHVXOWD HGXFDU D ORV QLxRV
HQ HVWH iPELWR SRUTXH KR\ HQ GtD SUiFWLFDPHQWH YLYLPRV HQWUH XQ PDU
GH LPiJHQHV \ UHSUHVHQWDFLRQHV PXFKDV YHFHV HQJDxRVDV GH OR TXH OD
UHDOLGDGHQVtRIHUWD

 3RUHVRHVFRQYHQLHQWHUHDOL]DUXQDySWLPDLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ\GHSXUDFLyQGH
ODVLPiJHQHVTXHORVQLxRVUHFLEHQ6LODVRFLHGDGHQODTXHHOQLxRYLYLUi
HVWi GRPLQDGD SRU OD LPDJHQ HO DUWH GHEH GHVHPSHxDU HQ OD HGXFDFLyQ
XQSDSHOLJXDOGHLPSRUWDQWH3XHVWRTXHODFRPXQLFDFLyQYLVXDOSRVHHVX
SURSLRDOIDEHWR\VLQWD[LVHVSUHFLVRTXHHOQLxRFRPLHQFHDDQDOL]DUOD\D
GRPLQDUODGHVGHHOSULQFLSLRGHODUWHLQIDQWLO
 (GXFDFLyQ3OiVWLFD\$UWtVWLFDHQ(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLO

 'LPHQVLyQHVWpWLFD

 (O SRWHQFLDO HVWpWLFR HQ OD FUHDWLYLGDG LQIDQWLO HV LUUHJXODU SHUR SXHGHQ
FRQVHJXLUVH UHVXOWDGRV PHGLDQWH VX SRWHQFLDOL]DFLyQ SUiFWLFD GHO XVR GH
GLVWLQWDVWpFQLFDVDUWtVWLFDV

 $ WUDYpV GH OD FUHDFLyQ FRQWLQXD HO QLxR SXHGH GHVFXEULU OD EHOOH]D GHO
HQWRUQR HQ HO TXH VH PXHYH OD EHOOH]D GH XQ iUERO R GH XQD QXEH SRU
HMHPSOR 7RGRORTXHQRVURGHDSRVHHXQIXHUWHFRQWHQLGRHVWpWLFR

 (OLQWHUpVSRUHOPHGLRHOUHVSHWR\HOJXVWRHVWpWLFRGHEHHQVHxDUVHGHVGH
ODVSULPHUDVHGDGHV

 'LPHQVLyQPRUDO\VRFLDO

 8QDXODGHSOiVWLFDTXHIXQFLRQHDGHFXDGDPHQWHGHEHKDFHUOREDMRFLHUWDV
QRUPDVIOH[LEOHVGHFRQYLYHQFLD\FULWHULR

  5HVSHWR\FXLGDGRGHORVPDWHULDOHV

  2UGHQDFLyQGHORVPLVPRV

  1RLQWURPLVLyQHQORVWUDEDMRVDMHQRV

 3HURKD\TXHWHQHUHQFXHQWDHOWUDEDMRHQHTXLSRGRQGHHOQLxRDFHSWH
LGHDV FRPSOHWDPHQWH DMHQDV D ODV VX\DV DFHSWH OD FUtWLFD \ VHSD IRUPDU
SDUWHGHOJUXSR

 $TXtVXUJHXQSXQWRLPSRUWDQWHHOFRQFHSWRGHDQWLFRPSHWLWLYLGDG WDQ
GHIHQHVWUDGRKR\HQGtDSRUQXHVWURVLVWHPDHFRQyPLFRGRPLQDQWHEDVDGR
HQODVOH\HVGHODRIHUWD\ODGHPDQGDTXHSURPXHYHQYDORUHVFRQWUDULRV 
(OQLxRPHGLDQWHHVWHFRQFHSWRYHDORVRWURVFRPRFRODERUDGRUHVHO
SUyMLPRQRHVXQHQHPLJR

 5HFRUGHPRVDTXtTXHQRH[LVWHQFULWHULRVREMHWLYRVTXHSHUPLWDQPHGLUGH
PDQHUDLQIDOLEOHODFDOLGDGHVWpWLFD

 'LPHQVLyQFUHDWLYD

 /DEDVHGHODUWH HVOD FUHDWLYLGDG\SDUDTXHODFUHDWLYLGDGVHGHVDUUROOH


HVQHFHVDULRTXHHOQLxRDFFHGDDPHGLRVGHH[SUHVLyQGLVWLQWRVSDUDTXH
SXHGDPH]FODUORVFRPRTXLHUD(VWDDFFLyQSRVHHXQDDFWLWXGDELHUWD0iV
DGHODQWHDEDUFDUHPRVHOWHPDGHODFUHDWLYLGDGLQIDQWLO
(GXFDFLyQ3OiVWLFD\$UWtVWLFDHQ(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLO 

(VWRVVRQORViPELWRVPiVGHVWDFDGRVGHQWURGHODH[SUHVLyQSOiVWLFDLQIDQWLO
\SRUH[WHQVLyQODVGLPHQVLRQHVHQODVTXHHO$UWH,QIDQWLOLQIOX\HGHPDQHUD
SRVLWLYDHQHOGHVDUUROORLQWHJUDOGHOQLxR

3DUD TXH HVWH SHULRGR GH HQVHxDQ]DDSUHQGL]DMH VHD IUXFWtIHUR WHQGUi TXH
UHDOL]DUVHHQXQFOLPDDIHFWLYRTXHOHRIUH]FDDOQLxRVHJXULGDG\OHSHUPLWDHO
FRQRFLPLHQWRGHVtPLVPR\GHVXHQWRUQR'HDKtVHGHULYDODJUDQLPSRUWDQFLD
HQODGHFRUDFLyQ\GLVWULEXFLyQGHODXODLQIDQWLO

(OQLxRGHEHVHQWLUTXHVXDFWLYLGDGFUHDGRUDHVLPSRUWDQWH\YDORUDGDSRUHO
DGXOWRSRUHVRHOGRFHQWHGHEHDSR\DU\JXLDUDODOXPQRHQVXVFRQFHVLRQHV
SUiFWLFDV SDUD DUURSDU LQWHOHFWXDOPHQWH ORV WUDEDMRV TXH GHVDUUROOHQ ORV
SHTXHxRV /D H[SUHVLyQ IXQGDPHQWDO GH OD DFWLYLGDG SOiVWLFD LQIDQWLO HV HO
JDUDEDWRHOFXiOVHUiWUDWDGRPiVDGHODQWH

 /DH[SUHVLyQSOiVWLFDFRPRDFWLYLGDGO~GLFD

6yORHOHQWHQGLPLHQWRSHUFLEHORVSULQFLSLRVGHODVFRVDVTXHVDEHQ

$ULVWyWHOHV 

(OQLxRGLEXMDSDUDGLYHUWLUVH(OGLEXMRHVSDUDpOXQMXHJRPiVXQDIRUPD
GH HQWHQGHU ODV FRVDV TXH OH URGHDQ (O QLxR DSOLFD HVSRQWiQHDPHQWH D VXV
GLEXMRV OD WHRUtD NDQWLDQD TXH YH HQ HO GHVLQWHUpV HO FDUiFWHU GLVWLQWLYR GHO
DUWHILQDOLGDGVLQILQ

&XDQGR HO QLxR FRQVLGHUD HO GLEXMR DUWtVWLFR FRPR XQ MXHJR OR KDFH GH XQ
PRGR VHULR XWLOL]D HO GLEXMR FRPR XQD IRUPD GH SUR\HFFLyQ GH VX SURSLD
SHUVRQDOLGDGXQDHVSHFLHGHDILUPDFLyQGHVX\R HQHVWDHWDSDHOQLxRSRVHH
XQDSHUVRQDOLGDGHJRFpQWULFD 

/DH[SUHVLyQDUWtVWLFDHVXQSXHQWHSDUDODDXWRH[SUHVLyQ\ODDXWRLGHQWLILFDFLyQ
GRQGHORTXHUHDOPHQWHLPSRUWDHVODIRUPDGHODH[SUHVLyQ\QRHOFRQWHQLGR
GH OR H[SUHVDGR &XDQGR XQ QLxR SRU PHGLR GHO GLEXMR X RWUR WLSR GH
DFWLYLGDGDUWtVWLFDVHLGHQWLILFDFRQVXSURSLRWUDEDMRDSUHQGHDHQWHQGHU\D
DSUHFLDUHODPELHQWHTXHOHURGHDDPDQLSXODUREMHWRV\DFRRUGLQDUODVSDUWHV
GHVXFXHUSR
 (GXFDFLyQ3OiVWLFD\$UWtVWLFDHQ(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLO

3RGHPRVGRWDUDOGLEXMRLQIDQWLOGHGRVHOHPHQWRVFRQVWLWXWLYRV

 /DDFFLyQGHGLEXMDUHQJHQHUDO

 (VSRQWDQHLGDGDUWtVWLFDEDVDGDHQODDXWRDILUPDFLyQ\ODH[SUHVLyQFRPR
PHGLRGHFRPXQLFDFLyQ

 /DHMHFXFLyQGHXQGLEXMRGHWHUPLQDGR

 &RPRUHJODJHQHUDOHOQLxRUHSUHVHQWDHQVXVGLEXMRVWRGRFXDQWRIRUPD
SDUWHGHVXH[SHULHQFLD\HVRIUHFLGRHQVXSHUFHSFLyQ/DLQWHQFLyQSXHGH
VHUSURYRFDGDSRUODSHUFHSFLyQRSRUHOUHFXHUGRGHREMHWRVUHDOHVRGH
PRGHORVGLEXMDGRV

 /DDVRFLDFLyQGHLGHDVFRQVLVWHHQTXHDOWUD]DGRGHOGLEXMROHDFRPSDxDOD
LGHDPiVRPHQRVFRQVFLHQWHGHOREMHWRUHSUHVHQWDGR(VGHFLUXQGLEXMR
SURYRFD\HYRFDODLQWHQFLyQGHGLEXMDURWURUHODFLRQDGRFRQpO([LVWHQ
GRVWLSRVGHDXWRPDWLVPRJUiILFR

 $XWRPDWLVPRJUiILFRFRQWLQXR

 &RQVLVWHHQXQDWHQGHQFLDPDTXLQDOGHKDFHUORVPLVPRVGLEXMRVHQGLVWLQWRV
LQWHUYDORVWHPSRUDOHVHQDXVHQFLDGHGHWHUPLQDFLRQHVSVtTXLFDVHVSHFtILFDV

 $XWRPDWLVPRJUiILFRLQPHGLDWR

 (O GLEXMR HV LQPLQHQWHPHQWH VHJXLGR SRU XQR R YDULRV GLEXMRV FRQ HO
PLVPRPRWLYR

(OQLxRFRQVLGHUDHOGLEXMRFRPRXQMXHJRDOTXHVHGHGLFDGHVLQWHUHVDGDPHQWH
$WUDYpVGHODVHULHGDGFRQODTXHVHDSOLFD\GHODVIDFXOWDGHVTXHSRQHHQOD
REUDHODOXPQRIRUMDVXRUJDQLVPRSVtTXLFRHLQWHULRUL]DYDORUHV\DFWLWXGHV
TXHVHLUiQGHVDUUROODQGRDPHGLGDTXHpVWHHYROXFLRQD

 /DH[SUHVLyQSOiVWLFDFRPRHVWUXFWXUDGHFRQRFLPLHQWR
 \OHQJXDMHQRYHUEDO

/DHQVHxDQ]DVLQSDODEUDVODHILFDFLDGHOQRVHUQDGLHSXHGHLJXDODUODV

/DR7VH 7DR7H.LQJ 

3DUDHOQLxRODDFWLYLGDGDUWtVWLFDHVXQPHGLRSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGLQiPLFR
\XQLILFDGRU
(GXFDFLyQ3OiVWLFD\$UWtVWLFDHQ(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLO 

/DVGLVWLQWDVWpFQLFDVDUWtVWLFDVELHQVHDHOGLEXMRODSLQWXUDRHOYROXPHQ
FRQVWLWX\HQ XQ SURFHVR HQ HO TXH HO DOXPQR UH~QH LQWHUSUHWD \ UHIRUPD ORV
HOHPHQWRVDGTXLULGRVSRUVXH[SHULHQFLDIRUPDQGRXQFRQMXQWRDOTXHGRWD
GHXQQXHYRVLJQLILFDGR(VWHFRQMXQWRQRVPXHVWUDHOPRGRHQHOTXHHOQLxR
VLHQWHSLHQVD\YH

7RFDUYHURtUROHU\VDERUHDULPSOLFDQODSDUWLFLSDFLyQDFWLYDGHOLQGLYLGXR
(OHVWtPXORGHLQWHUDFFLyQTXHXQHDOQLxRFRQHOPHGLRHVORTXHIDYRUHFH
ORV SURFHVRV GH H[SORUDFLyQ H LQYHVWLJDFLyQ LQWHUQRV XQ SURFHVR SRU HO
TXH VH YDQ IRUPDQGR SDXODWLQDPHQWH HVWUXFWXUDV ILDEOHV \ DUUDLJDGDV GH
FRQRFLPLHQWRV PXFKDV YHFHV FRQVFLHQWHV \ RWUDV WDQWDV LQFRQVFLHQWHV (V
GHFLUHVWRVGHVDUUROORVVHQVRULDOHVSHUPLWHQKDFHUFUHFHUODVUDtFHVGHODVHPLOOD
\DSODQWDGDSDUDDILUPDUODSURSLDQDWXUDOH]DGHOQLxRTXHFRQHOWLHPSR\
YDOJDODPHWiIRUDVHFRQYHUWLUiHQXQiUERO

$PHGLGDTXHHOQLxRYDGHVFXEULHQGR\XWLOL]DQGRODVGLVWLQWDVDUWHV\PDWHULDOHV
SOiVWLFRVYDLQWHULRUL]DQGRFRQFHSWRVSRUPHGLRGHOSURSLRGHVFXEULPLHQWR\
YD GRWDQGR HVRV FRQFHSWRV GH PD\RU SURIXQGLGDG HVSDFLR FRORU WH[WXUD
IRUPDHWF ORTXHJDUDQWL]DXQDPHMRUDGHORVSURFHVRVSVLFROyJLFRVGHOQLxR
\XQGHVDUUROORPD\RUGHVXVFDSDFLGDGHV

6HHQWLHQGHSRUOHQJXDMHYLVXDODTXHOTXHVHUHSUHVHQWDPHGLDQWHIRUPDVSRU
H[WHQVLyQSRGHPRVGHILQLUIRUPDFRPRXQDFRQILJXUDFLyQSHUFLELGDDWUDYpV
GHLPSURQWDVVHQVRULDOHV

(QHOFDPSRSOiVWLFRVHUHDOL]DQFRPRPHGLRGHH[SUHVLyQ\SRUORWDQWRGH
FRPXQLFDFLyQ$HVWDIRUPDGHFRPXQLFDFLyQVHODSXHGHFRPXQLFDFLyQGH
OHQJXDMHQRYHUEDO

(OPDUFRGHPDWHULDOL]DFLyQGHOOHQJXDMHQRYHUEDOHVHOHVSDFLR/RVVLVWHPDVGH
UHSUHVHQWDFLyQSXHGHQVHUELGLPHQVLRQDOHVWULGLPHQVLRQDOHV\FXDGULPHQVLRQDOHV

(OQLxRXWLOL]DORVHOHPHQWRVGHOOHQJXDMHYLVXDO/DVWpFQLFDVORVPDWHULDOHV
\ODVKHUUDPLHQWDVVRQHPSOHDGDVHQUHODFLyQDVXSHUVRQDOLGDG'HDFXHUGR
FRQHVWRODILQDOLGDGGHFDGDWUDEDMRKDUiQHFHVDULRHOXVRGHXQRVYDORUHVGH
H[SUHVLyQ\GHFRPXQLFDFLyQWRWDOPHQWHYDULDEOHVVHJ~QODVSDUWLFXODULGDGHV
LQGLYLGXDOHV GHO QLxR TXH DO PLVPR WLHPSR FRQIRUPDQ XQ OHQJXDMH SURSLR
(VWHFRQMXQWRGHDVSHFWRVSRGHPRVHQWHQGHUORFRPRVLIXHVHXQDJUDPiWLFD
XQDPRUIRORJtD\XQDVLQWD[LVGHODUWHSOiVWLFRHVGHFLUDOJRTXHHVWUXFWXUDHO
OHQJXDMHDOWLHPSRTXHORLQWHJUDFRPRFRQWHQLGRGHXQDPDWHULD
 (GXFDFLyQ3OiVWLFD\$UWtVWLFDHQ(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLO

/DVSULPHUDVSURGXFFLRQHVUHVSRQGHUiQVREUHWRGRDOLQWHUpV\DOSODFHUGHOD
H[SORUDFLyQGHGLYHUVRVPDWHULDOHVSOiVWLFRV\DODFXULRVLGDGGHOUHVXOWDGRGH
ODDFFLyQHMHUFLGDVREUHHOORV3RFRDSRFRLUiQLPSULPLHQGRLQWHQFLRQDOLGDG
UHSUHVHQWDWLYDDVXDFWLYLGDG

'HVGHODHVFXHODVHGHEHSRWHQFLDUHOXVRGHGLVWLQWRVPDWHULDOHVLQVWUXPHQWRV
\ WpFQLFDV GH H[SUHVLyQ SOiVWLFD HQ VLWXDFLRQHV GLYHUVDV \ FRQ GLIHUHQWHV
LQWHQFLRQHVUHSUHVHQWDWLYDVORTXHSHUPLWHTXHODH[SUHVLyQGHORVQLxRVVH
KDJDFDGDYH]PiVILJXUDWLYD\FRPSOHMD\DVXYH]HODOXPQRDVLPLOHORVUDVJRV
GHOOHQJXDMHSOiVWLFRQRYHUEDO

 5HVXPHQGHFRQWHQLGRV

8QDYH]H[SXHVWDVODVEDVHVGHODH[SUHVLyQSOiVWLFDLQIDQWLOFRQYLHQHUHFRUGDU
DOJXQRVVXSXHVWRVPtQLPRVUHODFLRQDGRVFRQHVWDiUHDGHHGXFDFLyQ

/RVGRFHQWHVGHEHQIDYRUHFHUHQWRGRPRPHQWRODIRUPDFLyQHQHOQLxRGH
XQSHQVDPLHQWRGLYHUJHQWH FRPRORGHQRPLQD*XLOIRUG HQGHWULPHQWRGH
XQDIRUPDGHSHQVDPLHQWREDVDGDHQODFRVWXPEUHRHQODFRQYHUJHQFLD3DUD
HOORGHEHQIDFLOLWDUGHVGHORVSULPHURVDxRVGHHGXFDFLyQODDFWLYLGDGSOiVWLFD
FRPR PHGLR SDUD GHVDUUROODU OD SHUFHSFLyQ \ ODV FDSDFLGDGHV LQWHOHFWXDOHV \
PRWRUDVGHODOXPQR

(Q OD HWDSD LQIDQWLO GHVWDFD OD LPSRUWDQFLD GH OD DGTXLVLFLyQ GHO OHQJXDMH
DXQTXHKD\TXHWHQHUHQFXHQWDTXHQRVyORQRVUHIHULPRVDODFDSDFLGDGGHOD
H[SUHVLyQRUDO UHFRUGHPRVTXHHQ(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLOHOPRYLPLHQWRHVODEDVH
GHODSUHQGL]DMH VLQRWDPELpQDODH[SUHVLyQJHVWXDO\JUiILFDHVGHFLUTXHORV
QLxRVVHFRPXQLFDQPHGLDQWHJHVWRV\SRVWXUDVFRQIRUPDQGRDVtXQDLPDJHQ
GHORTXHOHVURGHD

3RUPHGLRGHOOHQJXDMHYLVXDO\DUWtVWLFRHODOXPQRDSUHQGHVLJQLILFDWLYDPHQWH
ORVSURFHVRVYLWDOHVGHUHODFLyQFRQHOUHVWRGHODVFRVDVDGHPiVGHFRPSUHQGHU
HQFLHUWRJUDGRVXFRRUGLQDFLyQPRWUL]

(Q(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLOHOQLxRFRPLHQ]DDUHFRQRFHUVHDVtPLVPRFRPRQLxR
R QLxD \ SURJUHVLYDPHQWH WRPD FRQFLHQFLD GH VX SHUVRQD (Q HVWD HWDSD GH
HJRFHQWULVPR \ SHQVDPLHQWR VLQ UD]RQDPLHQWR HO QLxR WRPD FRQFLHQFLD GH
VXH[LVWHQFLD\SDUDHOORODDFWLYLGDGDUWtVWLFDHVIXQGDPHQWDOSDUDHOySWLPR
GHVDUUROORGHODSHUVRQDOLGDG\HOVHQWLGRGHODFUtWLFD DOJRGHORTXHFDUHFHOD
HWDSDKLVWyULFDHQODTXHYLYLPRV 
(GXFDFLyQ3OiVWLFD\$UWtVWLFDHQ(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLO 

$872(9$/8$&,1

/DH[SUHVLyQSOiVWLFDFRQWULEXLUiDGHVDUUROODUHQORVQLxRVODVVLJXLHQWHV
FDSDFLGDGHV

D&RQRFHUVXSURSLRFXHUSR\VXVSRVLELOLGDGHV
E2EVHUYDU\H[SORUDUVXHQWRUQR
F /DDGTXLVLFLyQGHODDXWRQRPtD
G7RGDVVRQFRUUHFWDV

&XiOGHHVWDVGLPHQVLRQHVQRIRUPDSDUWHGHOFRQMXQWRGHODHGXFDFLyQ
SOiVWLFD"

D'LPHQVLyQSVLFRPRWUL]
E'LPHQVLyQDIHFWLYD
F 'LPHQVLyQUHSURGXFWLYD
G'LPHQVLyQVHQVRULRPRWUL]

(OGLEXMRLQIDQWLOFRQVWDGHGRVHOHPHQWRV

D(OVRSRUWH\ODWpFQLFD
E(OVRSRUWH\ORVPDWHULDOHV
F /DDFFLyQGHGLEXMDU\ODHMHFXFLyQGHWHUPLQDGD
G7RGDVVRQFRUUHFWDV

/RVWLSRVGHDXWRPDWLVPRVJUiILFRVVRQORVVLJXLHQWHV

D$XWRPDWLVPRJUiILFRFRQWLQXRHLQPHGLDWR
E$XWRPDWLVPRJUiILFRGLVFRQWLQXRHLQPHGLDWR
F $XWRPDWLVPRJUiILFROLQHDO\FDVXDO
G7RGDVVRQFRUUHFWDV

/RVVLVWHPDVGHUHSUHVHQWDFLyQSXHGHQVHU

D%LQDULRV\WHUQDULRV
E(QSRVLFLyQGHSODQR
F %LGLPHQVLRQDOHVWULGLPHQVLRQDOHV\FXDGULPHQVLRQDOHV
G7RGDVVRQYiOLGDV

6ROXFLRQHVGHOD$XWRHYDOXDFLyQ
(GXFDFLyQSOiVWLFD\DUWtVWLFDHQ(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLOHQODSiJLQD
(GXFDFLyQ3OiVWLFD\$UWtVWLFDHQ(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLO 

 (OSHQVDPLHQWRYLVXDO\ODFUHDFLyQSOiVWLFD

 ,QWURGXFFLyQ

(ODUWHQRHVXQDLVODVLUYHSDUDHQWHQGHUHOPXQGR6XVSULQFLSLRVVHDSOLFDQD
WRGRVORVFDPSRVGHOFRQRFLPLHQWR6RQXQPHGLRGHHQWHQGHUHOPXQGRDWUDYpVGH
ODVLPiJHQHV

5XGROI$UQKHLP 

&RPR \D KHPRV DGYHUWLGR HQ HO FDStWXOR DQWHULRU OD H[SUHVLyQ SOiVWLFD HV
IXQGDPHQWDOHQODHGDGLQIDQWLOSDUDGHVDUUROODUODVFDSDFLGDGHVGHOQLxRHQ
WRGDVVXVGLPHQVLRQHV0HGLDQWHODXWLOL]DFLyQGHOOHQJXDMHSOiVWLFRGHDPSOLR
FRQWHQLGR YLVXDO HO QLxR SXHGH H[SUHVDU WRGR DTXHOOR TXH YD FRQRFLHQGR
GHVXHQWRUQR\GHVXPXQGRLQWHULRUSXHVWRTXHHVWHWLSRGHOHQJXDMHHVHO
LQVWUXPHQWREiVLFRTXHORVDOXPQRVGH(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLOXVDQSDUDH[SUHVDUVH
FRPRLQGLYLGXRV

(VSUHFLVRGHVSHUWDUHQORVQLxRVODVHQVLELOLGDGODFXULRVLGDGHOLQWHUpV\HO
UHVSHWRKDFLDODVIRUPDVGHH[SUHVLyQGHORVGHPiVDVtFRPRLQLFLDUOHVHQOD
FUHDFLyQLQWHUQDGHXQVHQWLGRFUtWLFR\ODHODERUDFLyQGHFULWHULRVSURSLRVTXH
OHVSHUPLWDQUHFRQRFHU\DVLPLODUDGHFXDGDPHQWHODVFRVDVTXHOHVURGHDQ

/OHJDGRVDHVWHSXQWRUHFRUGDUHPRVGHIRUPDHVTXHPiWLFDORTXHHOFXUUtFXOR
GH(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLOLQGLFDHQHOEORTXHGHH[SUHVLyQDUWtVWLFD

$WHQGLHQGRDVXVFRQWHQLGRVODHVFXHODRIUHFHUiODH[SUHVLyQDUWtVWLFDFRPR

 0HGLRGHFRPXQLFDFLyQ\UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ

 0HGLRSDUDXWLOL]DUPDWHULDOHVDILQHVDODPDWHULD

 (QVHxDQ]DGHODVWpFQLFDVEiVLFDVSDUDIDYRUHFHUHODSUHQGL]DMHFUHDWLYR

 (QVHxDQ]DGHODJDPDGHFRORUHVSULPDULRV\VXPH]FOD

 )RUPDGHLQWHUpV\UHVSHWRSRUODVFUHDFLRQHVSURSLDV\GHORVGHPiV
 (GXFDFLyQ3OiVWLFD\$UWtVWLFDHQ(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLO

/DH[SUHVLyQSOiVWLFDVHFRQYLHUWHGHHVWHPRGRHQXQPHGLRSUiFWLFDPHQWH
YLVXDOHQHOTXHORVVHQWLGRV\ODSHUFHSFLyQGHOQLxRVHFRQIRUPDQFRPRHOHMH
SULQFLSDOHQHOSURFHVRGHHQVHxDQ]DDSUHQGL]DMH

7RFDUYHURtUROHU\VDERUHDU DFFLRQHVGHULYDGDVGHOXVRQDWXUDOGHORVVHQWLGRV 
LPSOLFDQTXHHOQLxRSDUWLFLSHGHPDQHUDDFWLYDHQHVWRVSURFHVRV3HURPiVTXH
ORVSURFHVRVGLUHFWRVGHFDSWDFLyQVHQVRULDOHVHOHVWtPXORGHODLQWHUDFFLyQGHO
QLxRFRQHOPHGLRORTXHIRPHQWDHQHODOXPQRHOLQWHUpVSRUODYLGD

/D(GXFDFLyQHQJHQHUDODWLHQGHPiVDOGHVDUUROORGHODLQWHOLJHQFLD DXQTXH
HQWHQGLGRFRPRXQSURFHVRQHWDPHQWHPHPRUtVWLFR ROYLGDQGRSRUFRPSOHWR
OD FUHDWLYLGDG R OD HQVHxDQ]D GH OD SHUFHSFLyQ (VWR SDUWH GH XQD HVWUHFKD
FRQFHSFLyQGHORTXHHVODLQWHOLJHQFLDHQQXHVWURWLHPSRXQFRQFHSWRTXHVH
VXHOHUHGXFLUDOPtQLPRGHUD]yQROyJLFDGHULYDGRHQJUDQSDUWHSRUODYLVLyQ
PHFDQLFLVWDTXHKR\SRUKR\QXHVWURPXQGRSRVHHGHODVFRVDV

(O SHQVDPLHQWR YLVXDO \ OD FUHDFLyQ SOiVWLFD SHUPLWHQ DO QLxR GHVDUUROODU
VX SHUVRQDOLGDG HQ IXQFLyQ GH FRQWHQLGRV FUHDWLYRV IDYRUHFLHQGR DVt ODV
IDFXOWDGHVSURSLDVGHOFDUiFWHUFUtWLFR\GRWiQGROHGHXQDPD\RULQGHSHQGHQFLD
GHSHQVDPLHQWR

/DV DFWLYLGDGHV SOiVWLFDV FRQVLVWLUiQ HQ OD SURGXFFLyQ GH REMHWRV SOiVWLFRV
FRPR ~OWLPR ILQ GHO HMHUFLFLR DUWtVWLFR \ HQ XQ FRQWDFWR FRQ ODV IRUPDV GH
DUWH SDUD HQULTXHFHU HO SURFHVR GH SURGXFFLyQ UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ  \ UHFHSFLyQ
SHUFHSFLyQ 

 'HOYHUDOKDFHUUHODFLRQHVHQWUHSHUFHSFLyQ
 FUHDFLyQ\UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ

(OSHQVDPLHQWRSLHQVD\ODLPDJLQDFLyQYH

/D HGXFDFLyQ YLVXDO HV OD TXH SUHSDUD DO QLxR SDUD SHQVDU FRPSUHQGHU \
FRPXQLFDUVH PHGLDQWH HO OHQJXDMH YLVXDO 1R VH WUDWD PHUDPHQWH GH XQ
FRQFHSWRDUWtVWLFRHVXQPRGHORSDUDIXQGDPHQWDUORVSURFHVRVGHVHQVLELOLGDG
\HVWpWLFDGHOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODUHDOLGDG
(GXFDFLyQ3OiVWLFD\$UWtVWLFDHQ(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLO 

/D HGXFDFLyQ YLVXDO SUHSDUD DO DOXPQR SDUD FXDOTXLHU WLSR GH DSUHQGL]DMH
EDVDGR HQ OD REVHUYDFLyQ GLUHFWD R LQGLUHFWD \ HVWUXFWXUD SURFHVRV WDQ
LPSRUWDQWHVFRPRODDVRFLDFLyQGHLGHDV

8QDSUiFWLFDFUHDWLYDLQWHUHVDQWHHVODDQDORJtDLQXVXDOHVGHFLUHOQLxRDVRFLD
FRQFHSWRVDOD]DUKDVWDFRQVHJXLUXQDHVWUXFWXUDIRUPDOFRKHUHQWH

/DHGXFDFLyQYLVXDODEDUFDORVVLJXLHQWHVDVSHFWRV

 /DSHUFHSFLyQVHQVLEOHGHOPHGLR

 /DVIRUPDVDUWtVWLFDVWUDGLFLRQDOHV

 /DDVLPLODFLyQ

 /DFRPSUHQVLyQGHODVQXHYDVWHQGHQFLDVH[WUDtGDVGHODFXOWXUDGHORV
PDVVPHGLD

'HHVWHPRGR\SDUDIUDVHDQGRD6,+D\DNDZDHQVXSUyORJRDOOLEUR*\RUJ\
.HSHVSRGHPRVFRQFOXLUTXH(OOHQJXDMHGHODYLVLyQGHWHUPLQDGHXQDPDQHUD
TXL]iPiVVXWLOTXHHQHOOHQJXDMHYHUEDOODHVWUXFWXUDGHQXHVWUDFRQFLHQFLD9HUD
WUDYpVGHODVIRUPDVGHYLVLyQOLPLWDGDVHTXLYDOHDQRYHUQDGDHQDEVROXWRRHVWDU
OLPLWDGRSRUHOPiVHVWULFWRSURYLQFLDOLVPRGHVHQWLPLHQWR

(VWHWLSRGHHQVHxDQ]DDEDUFDUiWRGRVORVDVSHFWRVGHODFRPXQLFDFLyQQRYHUEDO
SHUFHSFLyQ H[SUHVLyQ \ UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ  D WUDYpV GHO OHQJXDMH YLVXDO SHUR
WHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDVXXELFDFLyQHQHOLQHOXGLEOHPDUFRGHOHVSDFLRWLHPSR

(OQLxRHQJOREDGRHQHOSHULRGRLQIDQWLO DxRV DSUHQGHPHGLDQWHHOXVR


SRWHQFLDOGHVXVVHQWLGRV DXQTXHHQODHWDSDDQWHULRURVHQVRULRPRWRUD\DVH
DWLVEDQUDVJRVGHHVWHDSUHQGL]DMHSRUPHGLRGHORVHVWtPXORV 

/D FDSDFLGDG GH FRQFHSWXDOL]DFLyQ R GH UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ GH LPiJHQHV HV XQ
SURFHVRLQWHUQRFHUFDQRDOVtPEROR\XQLGRDOLQWHOHFWR/DSHUFHSFLyQWLHQH
XQRV PHFDQLVPRV OLJDGRV D OD LQWXLFLyQ \ D OD SHUVRQDOLGDG GH FDGD QLxR
SHUR VL DPSOLDPRV OD HGXFDFLyQ YLVXDO GHO DOXPQR IDYRUHFHPRV XQD PHMRUD
GHODVLPiJHQHV\XQDHQWUDGDPD\RUPHQWHHVWUXFWXUDGD\RUJDQL]DGDGHODV
SHUFHSFLRQHVTXHHVWRVUHFLEHQ
 (GXFDFLyQ3OiVWLFD\$UWtVWLFDHQ(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLO

/DSHUFHSFLyQ\ODH[SUHVLyQHVWiQtQWLPDPHQWHUHODFLRQDGDV1RSXHGHH[LVWLU
H[SUHVLyQVLQSHUFHSFLyQ3RUHVWHPRWLYRODHGXFDFLyQYLVXDOGHQWURGHOiPELWR
GHODH[SUHVLyQDUWtVWLFDSRVHHXQFRPSRQHQWHGHLPSRUWDQFLDPD\RUDOTXH
WHQtD\SRUHVRVHOHKDQDxDGLGRDOJXQRVFRQWHQLGRVHQWUHHOORVGHVWDFDPRV

 3HUFHSFLyQVHQVRULDO\PXQGRGHODVLPiJHQHVSDUWLFXODU

 'XDOLGDGUHDOLGDGPXQGRLPDJLQDULR

 &RQFHSFLyQGHOHVSDFLR

/DSHUFHSFLyQHVODHQFDUJDGDGHFRQWH[WXDOL]DU\FRQFHSWXDOL]DUODVLPiJHQHV\
VHQVDFLRQHVTXHHOQLxRUHFLEHDGHPiVUHIOHMDHQJUDGRHOHYDGRODSHUVRQDOLGDG
GHODOXPQRPHGLDQWHODH[SUHVLyQSHUFHSWLYDHQIRUPDGHUHSUHVHQWDFLRQHV

3RGHPRVGLVWLQJXLUWUHVQLYHOHVRFDWHJRUtDVHQODSHUFHSFLyQ

 1LYHOGHFRQWDFWRFRQHOPXQGRH[WHULRUGHODSHUVRQD

 6HQWLUROHUGHJXVWDU\WRFDU QLYHOHVVHQVRULDOHVSULPDULRV 

 1LYHOGHLQWHUQDOL]DFLyQ

 6RQODVVHQVDFLRQHVLQWHULRUHVGHOQLxR

 1LYHOGHDEVWUDFFLyQ

 5HIOHMDODVIDQWDVtDVVXHxRVHWF

/DSHUFHSFLyQYLVXDOLQFOX\H

 2EVHUYDFLyQ

 'LVWLQFLyQ

 5HODFLyQ

 -XLFLR

 ,QWHUSUHWDFLyQ

 $QiOLVLV

 6tQWHVLV
(GXFDFLyQ3OiVWLFD\$UWtVWLFDHQ(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLO 

(QHOiPELWRLQIDQWLOSXHGHQSUDFWLFDUVHXQLILFDGRVPHGLDQWHHOGHVDUUROORGH
DFWLYLGDGHVFRQFUHWDV

/D (GXFDFLyQ 3OiVWLFD ,QIDQWLO GHEH RFXSDUVH GH ORV VHQWLGRV SULPDULRV \
QR UHOHJDUORV D XQ SODQR VHFXQGDULR VRODSiQGRORV SRU OD PHUD H[SHULHQFLD
LQWXLWLYD /D HGXFDFLyQ GH HVWDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV IDYRUHFHUi OD PHMRUD GH ORV
REMHWLYRVSHGDJyJLFRV

(QODHGDGLQIDQWLOFREUDJUDQUHOHYDQFLDODHGXFDFLyQVHQVRULDOPHGLDQWHOD
PDQLSXODFLyQ GH REMHWRV (O QLxR H[DPLQDUi HVWRV REMHWRV GHVFXEULHQGR DVt
WH[WXUDV\DVRFLDQGRHOQRPEUH\ODVFXDOLGDGHVGHORVPLVPRV$FDXVDGHHVWR
ORVHVTXHPDVGHFRQRFLPLHQWRVHLUiQUDPLILFDQGR\UHIRU]DQGRSRUPHGLRGH
VXSURSLDDFFLyQ\SHUPLWLUiQFUHDUHVWUXFWXUDVHVWDEOHVGHSHQVDPLHQWR'H
DKtVHGHGXFHODLPSRUWDQFLDGHODHGXFDFLyQVHQVRULDOHQHOFLFORLQLFLDO

&RQODSHUFHSFLyQVHQVRULDOHQOD(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLOFREUDJUDQLPSRUWDQFLD
ODLPDJHQ FRPRPRGHORGHUHSUHVHQWDFLyQ (OQLxRGHOFLFORLQLFLDOFUHDGRV
WLSRVIXQGDPHQWDOHVGHLPiJHQHV

 'HUHSURGXFFLyQ

 %DVDGDVHQXQFRQRFLPLHQWRRSHUFHSFLyQSURSLD

 $QWLFLSDGRUDV

 (QFDUJDGDVGHLPDJLQDUPRYLPLHQWRV\WUDQVIRUPDFLRQHV

(OQLYHOGHFRPSUHQVLyQGHODVLPiJHQHVGHSHQGHGHODHGDGODDIHFWLYLGDGOD
SHUVRQDOLGDG\HOPHGLRVRFLRFXOWXUDOTXHWLHQHHOQLxRTXHODLQWHUSUHWD

(O DPELHQWH VRFLRFXOWXUDO DFWXDO XQ PXQGR SODJDGR GH PHQVDMHV YLVXDOHV
GRQGHODLPDJHQFHQWUDODYLGDFRQWHPSRUiQHD REOLJDDOHVFRODUDODSUHQGL]DMH
SDUDODGHVFRGLILFDFLyQGHLPiJHQHV\DODFRQFUHFLyQGHOPXQGRPHGLDQWHOD
WUDGXFFLyQGHORVHOHPHQWRVFRQVWLWXWLYRVGHpVWDV

'HVGHORVLQLFLRVGHODHVFRODUL]DFLyQGHOQLxRVHGHEHWUDEDMDUODHVWLPXODFLyQ
YLVXDO PHGLDQWH WpFQLFDV SURSLFLDV \ XQ PDWHULDO DGHFXDGR TXH SHUPLWDQ DO
DOXPQRVXHGXFDFLyQLQWHJUDOEDVDGDHQHOUHVSHWR\ODFRQYLYHQFLDFRQORV
GHPiV\HOHQWRUQRTXHOHURGHD
 (GXFDFLyQ3OiVWLFD\$UWtVWLFDHQ(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLO

3DUD TXH OD SHUFHSFLyQ GHVHPERTXH HQ UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ KDFH IDOWD XQ SDVR
LQWHUPHGLR LQPLQHQWHPHQWH OLJDGR D OD FUHDWLYLGDG (O SURFHVR FUHDWLYR HQ
VtHVODIXHQWHSRUPHGLRGHODFXDOVHFULVWDOL]DQORVHVWtPXORV\DFFLRQHVTXH
OD SHUFHSFLyQ SURGXFH HQ HO QLxR 3RGHPRV GRWDU D OD FUHDWLYLGDG GH WUHV
DSDUWDGRVFRPSRVLWLYRVIXQGDPHQWDOHV

 /DLPDJLQDFLyQRFDSDFLGDGGHSHQVDUGHXQPRGRFUHDWLYR

 /DRULJLQDOLGDGRFDSDFLGDGSDUDGHVFXEULUQXHYDVFRVDV

 /DH[SUHVLyQRFDSDFLGDGSDUDSODVPDUODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVDQWHULRUHV

(OQLxRHVXQVHUHQGHVDUUROOR\QRGHEHVHUSUHVLRQDGRSXHVWRTXHHVWRSXHGH
FRDUWDUVXFUHDWLYLGDGRLQFOXVRDQXODUOD(QODVHGDGHVLQIDQWLOHVHOQLxRVyOR
VHH[SUHVDGHXQPRGRFUHDWLYRPHGLDQWHORTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDVXH[SHULHQFLD
HO QLxR HQ HVWDV HGDGHV QR VH ILMD HQ SUHMXLFLRV \ QR KDFH MXLFLRV GH YDORU
GHWHUPLQDGRV (ODOXPQRHQWLHQGHWRGRGHVGHXQSXQWRGHYLVWDHPRFLRQDO
(V OD FUHDWLYLGDG HO SXQWR GH XQLyQ HQWUH SHUFHSFLyQ \ UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ OD
UHODFLyQHQWUHORVWUHVFRQFHSWRVVHKDFHHYLGHQWH

/DSHUFHSFLyQLQFOX\HHOSURFHVRGHLQWHULRUL]DFLyQ\FRJQLFLyQ UHFHSFLyQGH
HVWtPXORVTXHOOHJDQDWUDYpVGHORVFDQDOHVVHQVRULDOHV \HVWDVFRQVLGHUDFLRQHV
SHUFHSWLYDVSXHGHQVHUUHSUHVHQWDGDVSRUPHGLRGHODH[SUHVLyQ PHGLDQWHOD
FUHDFLyQ (VWDVFRQVLGHUDFLRQHVSDVDQGHOPXQGRLQWURVSHFWLYRDOH[WHULRUSRU
PHGLRGHOOHQJXDMH HQHVWHFDVRSRUPHGLRGHOOHQJXDMHSOiVWLFR 

 5HVXPHQGHFRQWHQLGRV

6LTXHUHPRVKDFHUXQDHGXFDFLyQSDUDHODUWHHVHYLGHQWHTXHORVSURFHVRVGHO
VDEHUYHUSDUDOOHJDUDKDFHUHVWiQHVWUHFKDPHQWHUHODFLRQDGRV\SRUWDQWR
HQODHVFXHODQRGHEHQROYLGDUVH'HRWURPRGRVyORVHKDUtDXQDHGXFDFLyQ
PDQXDOTXHVHVJDUtDHQJUDQPDQHUDODGLPHQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQSOiVWLFD

/D YHUGDGHUD PDQHUD GH DOFDQ]DU EXHQRV UHVXOWDGRV HQ ODV UHSUHVHQWDFLRQHV
SOiVWLFDVHVVDEHUPLUDURYHUHQWHQGLHQGRSRUHVWRWRGRDTXHOFRPSRQHQWH
JHQHUDO R GH FDUiFWHU O~GLFR TXH H[LVWH HQ HO PXQGR 6DELHQGR PLUDU HQ HO
FDPSR GH ODV DUWH VH HVWDEOHFHUi XQ FLUFXLWR LPSUHVFLQGLEOH TXH HQWUDUi HQ
UHODFLyQFRQODVFDSDFLGDGHVGHUHSUHVHQWDFLyQ PDQRFHUHEUR \SRUORWDQWR
SRGHPRVSURGXFLURKDFHUSOiVWLFDPHQWH
(GXFDFLyQ3OiVWLFD\$UWtVWLFDHQ(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLO 

0XFKRV SURFHVRV WUDQVFXUUHQ GHVGH TXH HO QLxR SHUFLEH XQD LPDJHQ R XQD
VHQVDFLyQKDVWDTXHGHFLGHUHSUHVHQWDUODSRUPHGLRGHODFUHDFLyQ$XQTXHORV
SURFHVRVHQVtVHSXHGHQWLSLILFDUGHEHPRVUHFRUGDUTXHODSHUFHSFLyQHVXQ
DFWRLQGLYLGXDO/DSHUFHSFLyQ\ODIRUPDTXHFDGDLQGLYLGXROHGDDODVFRVDV
TXHOHURGHDQHVXQDYLVLyQSDUWLFXODU\HQJUDQPHGLGDLQIOXLGDSRUIDFWRUHV
LQWHUQRV IDFWRUHVSVLFROyJLFRV SHURWDPELpQSRUDJHQWHVH[WHUQRV

6LVHFRPHWHQGHVGHODHVFXHODJUDYHVHUURUHVSHGDJyJLFRVHQUHODFLyQFRQOD
FUHDWLYLGDGSXHGHFDHUVHHQXQDHGXFDFLyQDOLHQDQWH\HVWHUHRWLSDGDVHVJDQGR
DGHPiVHOFRUUHFWRGHVDUUROORGHODOXPQR

/RV HVFRODUHV IDOWRV GH LPDJLQDFLyQ D FDXVD GH XQD HGXFDFLyQ UXWLQDULD
\ HVWHUHRWLSDGD SXHGHQ VHU D\XGDGRV SRU HO HGXFDGRU SDUD IDYRUHFHU HO
SHQVDPLHQWRGLYHUJHQWH3DUDHOORHOGRFHQWHGHEHRFXSDUXQSDSHOLPSRUWDQWH
HQHOWUDWDPLHQWRGHORVFRQWHQLGRV\FUHDUXQDPRWLYDFLyQLQWUtQVHFDHQHO
DOXPQRTXHOHSHUPLWDDIURQWDUORVSULPHURVDxRVGHHVFRODULGDGFRQEXHQSLH
(VEiVLFDHQHVWDHWDSDODPRWLYDFLyQGHOLQGLYLGXRELHQVHDSURYRFDGDSRUpO
PLVPRRSRUODDFWXDFLyQGHOHGXFDGRUFRPRPHGLRGHUHIXHU]R

3RGHPRVGLYLGLUHOSURFHVRFUHDWLYRHQFXDWURIDVHV

 )DVHGHSUHSDUDFLyQ

 )DVHGHLQFXEDFLyQ

 0RPHQWRGHLOXPLQDFLyQ

 9HULILFDFLyQ

(QHVWDVFXDWURIDVHVVHLQFOX\HQORVSURFHVRVH[SOLFDGRVDORODUJRGHODXQLGDG
GLGiFWLFDGHVDUUROODGDGHVGHTXHHOQLxRSHUFLEHXQHVWtPXORRXQDVHQVDFLyQ
KDVWDTXHORGHVHQYXHOYHSRUPHGLRGHODFUHDFLyQ

5HFRUGHPRV TXH OD SOiVWLFD HV HO PHGLR GH FRPXQLFDFLyQ SRU H[FHOHQFLD
HQ OD HGDG LQIDQWLO \ VX SDSHO IXQGDPHQWDO HV SURPRYHU HO GHVDUUROOR GH ODV
GLIHUHQWHVIRUPDVGHUHSUHVHQWDFLyQSDUDTXHHODOXPQRDGTXLHUDODVFODYHV
TXHOHSHUPLWDQDFFHGHUDORVFRQWHQLGRVFXOWXUDOHVTXHOHOOHJDUiQH[SUHVDGRV
DWUDYpVGHODVGLVWLQWDVIRUPDVGHUHSUHVHQWDFLyQ
 (GXFDFLyQ3OiVWLFD\$UWtVWLFDHQ(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLO

/D SOiVWLFD HQWUD GH OOHQR HQ ORV SURFHVRV GH PDGXUDFLyQ GHO QLxR SRUTXH
HQJOREDFDGDPRPHQWRGHVXYLGDGHVGHFDGDLPDJHQTXHSHUFLEHKDVWDODV
UHDFFLRQHVTXHpVWDVSURYRFDQHQpO

(QHVWDHWDSDGHVSHUWDUORVVHQWLGRVLQIDQWLOHVVHUiYLWDOSDUDTXHVHHVWDEOH]FDQ
ODVEDVHVGHOSHQVDPLHQWRFUtWLFRDVtFRPRHOGHVDUUROORFRPSOHWRGHWRGDVODV
IDFHWDVGHULYDGDVGHHOOR
(GXFDFLyQ3OiVWLFD\$UWtVWLFDHQ(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLO 

$872(9$/8$&,1

(OSHQVDPLHQWRYLVXDO\ODFUHDFLyQSOiVWLFDSHUPLWHQDOQLxR

D'HVDUUROODUVXFDSDFLGDGLQWHOHFWXDO
E'HVDUUROODUVXSHUVRQDOLGDGHQIXQFLyQGHFRQWHQLGRVFUHDWLYRV
F 'HVDUUROODUVXDSDUDWRSVLFRPRWRU
G7RGDVVRQFRUUHFWDV

/DHGXFDFLyQYLVXDOSUHSDUDDOQLxRSDUD

D5HDOL]DUFUHDFLRQHVFRPSOHMDV
E3HQVDUFRPSUHQGHU\FRPXQLFDUVHPHGLDQWHHOOHQJXDMHYLVXDO
F (QWHQGHUHODUWHDEVWUDFWR
G&RPSUHQGHUHOVLJQLILFDGRGHOYROXPHQ

/RVQLYHOHVGHODSHUFHSFLyQVRQ

D1LYHOGHSUR\HFFLyQGHDVLPLODFLyQ\GHLQWHUQDOL]DFLyQ
E1LYHOGHH[FOXVLyQ\GHFDWHJRUL]DFLyQ
F 1LYHOGHFRQWDFWRGHLQWHUQDOL]DFLyQ\GHDEVWUDFFLyQ
G7RGDVVRQFRUUHFWDV

(OQLxRGHOFLFORLQLFLDOFUHDGRVWLSRVGHLPiJHQHV

D'HFRQVHFXFLyQ\GHLPLWDFLyQ
E'HUHSURGXFFLyQ\DQWLFLSDFLyQ
F 'HFRQFUHFLyQ\DEVWUDFFLyQ
G7RGDVVRQIDOVDV

/DFUHDWLYLGDGHVWiFRPSXHVWDSRUWUHVIDFWRUHV

D,PDJLQDFLyQRULJLQDOLGDG\H[SUHVLyQ
E,PDJLQDFLyQFRQFHSWXDOL]DFLyQUHSURGXFFLyQ
F ,PDJLQDFLyQFRQYHUJHQFLD\DEVWUDFFLyQ
G,PDJLQDFLyQFRQIOXHQFLDHLQWURVSHFFLyQ

6ROXFLRQHVGHOD$XWRHYDOXDFLyQ
(GXFDFLyQSOiVWLFD\DUWtVWLFDHQ(GXFDFLyQ,QIDQWLOHQODSiJLQD
EDUCACIN PLSTICA Y ARTSTICA
EN EDUCACIN INFANTIL

La educacin plstica y artstica en Educacin Infantil resulta funda


mental para el desarrollo del nio, ya que es un medio para expresar
sus sentimientos, sus pensamientos y sus intereses, mediante una
actividad creadora. Adems, favorece su autoconocimiento y la
interrelacin con el medio natural en el que se desenvuelve.
Debido a la gran importancia que cobra este tema, el objetivo de este
manual no es otro que el de aportar al lector conocimientos sobre la
educacin plstica y artstica en educacin infantil, como medio para
favorecer el desarrollo del pensamiento crtico en el nio.
Para ello, el presente manual explica la relevancia de la expresin
plstica y artstica infantil como actividad ldica y como estructura
de conocimiento y lenguaje no verbal, as como la importancia del
saber ver para llegar a hacer, es decir, del pensamiento visual y la
creacin plstica. Adems, expone el papel que representa la escuela
ante el desarrollo de la actividad plstica, la interaccin de los diferentes
tipos de lenguajes, las etapas de evolucin grfico-expresivas y los
materiales y tcnicas que deben ser empleados en esta etapa.

ISBN 84-96578-90-9

9 788496 578906
EDITORIAL

www.ideaspropiaseditorial.com

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen