CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1. Background

Language is one of the most powerful emblems of social behavior. In the

normal transfer of information through language, we use language to send vital
social messages about who we are, where we come from, and who we associate
with. It is often shocking to realize how extensively we may judge a person's
background, character, and intentions based simply upon the person's language,
dialect, or, in some instances, even the choice of a single word.
Language is a vehicle to interact with other people. Thus every people of
course should own and use the social means of communication. There are no
people without country and no country without people. While the science and
technology is running, so language experience transition is very significant.
Language really could not apart from every people. This two case mutual
interrelated, so did with indonesian language raised from melayu language was
charachteristic lingua franca.
Sociolinguistics is study the relationship between language and society
(Holmes, 1992:1, Kridalaksana, 2008:225). The sociolinguistics deals with
explaining why we speak differently in different social context and factor such as,
class, ethnicity, age, and sex. This study is concerned with the identifying the
social functions of language and the ways it is used to convey social meaning.
Sociolinguistics is also the study about dialects, languages in contact, language
and education, and language in use (Fromkin, 2011: 430). Chaer (2004:2) explains
that sociolinguistics is the study about sociology and linguistics. In vice versa,
Wardhough states that sociolinguistics and the sociology are different study.
The sociolinguistics will be concerned with investigating the relationship
between language and society with the goal of better understanding of the
structure of language and of how languages function in communication; the
equivalent goal in the sociology of language will be to discover how social
structure can be better understood through the study of language, e.g., how certain
linguistics features serve to characterize particular social arrangement (1986:12).

2. Formulation of the problem

1. What is language?
2. What is society?
3. How is Relationship between language and society?
 CHAPTER II

EXPLANATION

Language and society

1. Language
Language is the human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems
of communication, and a language is any example of such a system of complex
communication.
According Keraf in Smarapradhipa (2005:1), providing two language
understanding. The first notion of language as stated means of communication
between members of the public in the form of a symbol of the sound produced by
means of said human. Second, language is a communication system that uses
symbols vocal (speech sound) which are arbitrary.
According to Owen in Syarif Hidayatullah, 2009, language can be defined
as a socially shared combinations of those symbol and rule governed
combinations of those symbols.
Another case in Stiawan according to Owen (2006:1), describes the
language definition language can be defined as a socially shared Those
combinations of symbols and rule governed Those combinations of symbols
(language can be defined as a socially acceptable code or conventional system for
delivering concepts through the use of symbols and combinations of the desired
symbols are governed by the provisions).
The opinions above are similar to what was expressed by Tarin (1989:4),
he gives two definitions of the language. First, language is a system that
systematically, perhaps also for generative systems. Second, language is a set of
symbols as you like it or arbitrary symbols.
According to Santoso (1990:1), language is a series of sound produced by
said means of a conscious human being. Another definition, language is a form
and not a state (language may be the form and not matter) or something that
sounds arbitrary symbol system, or also a system of many systems, a system of an
order or an order in the system the system. The expression proposed by Mackey
(1986:12).
According Wibowo (2001:3), language is a system of symbols that are
meaningful and articulate sound (generated by said tool) which are arbitrary and
conventional, which is used as a means of communicating by a group of human
beings to give birth to feelings and thoughts.
 Almost similar to the opinion Wibowo, Walija (1996:4), disclose the
definition language of communication is the most complete and effective way to
convey ideas, messages, intentions, feelings and opinions to others.
Other opinions about the definition of language expressed by Shamsuddin
(1986:2), he gave two language understanding. First, language is a tool used to
shape the mind and feelings, desires and deeds, a tool used to influence and be
influenced. Second, language is a clear sign of a good personality or bad, a clear
sign of the family and the nation, a clear sign from the mind of humanity.
While Pengabean (1981:5), argues that language is a system of express
and report what happens on the nervous system.
Recent opinion of this short paper about the language expressed by
Soejono (1983:01), language is a means of spiritual communication is very
important in life together.
As with the Wikipedia, which is almost the same on the definition of
language that has been presented to the experts. And the following languages
definition according to Wikipedia.
1. a system to represent objects, actions, ideas and circumstances.
2. an apparatus which is used to convey their real concept into the minds
of
others
3. a unified system of meaning
4. a code that is used by a linguistic expert to distinguish between form
and
meaning.
5. deliver a speech grammar that have been established (eg, words,
sentences,
and others.)
6. a speech system that will be understood by the linguistic community....
A society, or a human society, is a group of people related to each other
through persistent relations, or a large social grouping sharing the same
geographical or virtual territory, subject to the same political authority and
dominant cultural expectations.

BASIC FUNCTIONS OF LANGUAGE

Language is often said to be a tool because it is used to perform the function of
letting other people know the thoughts, ideas or emotions. Language serves a
multiplicity of purposes. In accordance with the different purposes to be served
language is used in different ways. For example, there is the language of science,
journalism, advertising, political oratory, prayer and worship. In these instances
language is used as a multipurpose tool and put to various uses as and when
required.

2. Society
A society is a group of people involved in persistent social interaction, or a
large social grouping sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically
subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.
Societies are characterized by patterns of relationships (social relations) between
individuals who share a distinctive culture and institutions; a given society may be
described as the sum total of such relationships among its constituent members. In
the social sciences, a larger society often evinces stratification or dominance
patterns in subgroups.

How are the language forms used by men and women different in western
societies, give examples? (just read)

In western societies, women and men whose social roles are similar do not use
forms that are completely different, but they use different quantities or frequencies
of the same form. For example: women use more standard forms than men, and
men use more vernacular forms than women / women use more ing-forms than
men and fewer ing-forms in words like coming or running. But in western
communities, such differences are also found in the speech of different social
classes, therefore the language of women in the lower and higher classes is more
similar to that of men in the same group.

Relationship between language and society

The connection between language and society is tightly anchored. The

relationship of the two is deeply rooted. Language performs various functions in
the society and the society does the same way. If one will not exist, the other one
will be affected.

Language is the primary tool for communication purposes, for establishing peace
and order in our society, for showing authority and power, and for attaining goals
and objectives. But, it can also destruct the society if it will use inappropriately. It
must follow the conformity governing the society to avoid conflict s and to meet
the boundary of individual differences.
Society however controls our language by giving us preferences as what are
acceptable and not, because each one of us has our own perception or point of
view. A group of people may accept our language, but for others, it could be kind
of offence or insult. We must know how, when and where to say it and for what
purpose.

Social changes produce changes in language. This affects values in ways that have
not been accurately understood. Language incorporates social values. However,
social values are only the same as linguistic values when the society is a stable
and unchanging one. Once society starts changing, then language change produces
special effects.

The subject is the relationship between language sociolinguistic with its use in the
community is that the relationship between the forms of a specific language,
called the language variation, variance, or dialect with its use for certain functions
in the community.

There are several possible relationships between language and society.

One is that social structure may either influence or determine linguistic structure
and/or behaviour. Certain evidence may be used to support this view. One of the
evidences is that young children speak differently from older children and, in turn,
children speak differently from mature adults. The varieties of language that
speakers use reflect such matters as their regional, social or ethnic origin and
possibly even their gender. It is also seen that particular ways of speaking, choice
of words, and even rules for conversing are in fact highly determined by certain
social requirements

IMPORTANCE OF LANGUAGE IN SOCIETY

Language is basically a system of communication where sound or signs

convey objects, actions and ideas. The history of language dates back to many
thousands of years. Language is primarily spoken not written. But the
development of the writing medium and later the printing system went a long way
is the dissipation of knowledge and without which humans would have remained
in the dark about the ways of life and the thought processes of their ancestors.
Language is the key to human lives. They can eliminate misunderstanding by
using it as an instrument to transfer communication among people. Malinowski
suggests, language is "the necessary means of communion; it is the one
indispensable instrument for creating the ties of the moment without which
unified social action is impossible.
 Language helps the society to keep evolving. Language has allowed for
societies to be built not upon strength and physical domination, but on co-
operation and the exchange of ideas. Language is omnipresent throughout human
society today. Without language men would have been like apes pointing fingers
at what they see.

Social network
Understanding language in society means that one also has to understand the
social networks in which language is embedded. A social network is another way
of describing a particular speech community in terms of relations between
individual members in a community. A network could be loose or tight depending
on how members interact with each other. For instance, an office or factory may
be considered a tight community because all members interact with each other. A
large course with 100+ students would be a looser community because students
may only interact with the instructor and maybe 12 other students. A multiplex
community is one in which members have multiple relationships with each other.
For instance, in some neighborhoods, members may live on the same street, work
for the same employer and even intermarry.

The looseness or tightness of a social network may affect speech patterns adopted
by a speaker. For instance, Sylvie Dubois and Barbara Horvath found that
speakers in one Cajun Louisiana community were more likely to pronounce
English "th" [] as [t] (or [] as [d]) if they participated in a relatively dense social
network (i.e. had strong local ties and interacted with many other speakers in the
community), and less likely if their networks were looser (i.e. fewer local ties).

A social network may apply to the macro level of a country or a city, but also to
the inter-personal level of neighborhoods or a single family. Recently, social
networks have been formed by the Internet, through chat rooms, Facebook groups,
organizations, and online dating services.

Social roles
Language and gender research has focused on how female and males speakers
interact with one another. There is a substantial body of evidence that women and
men, girls and boys interact to some extentin different ways. The dominance of
both male and female can be seen in the several specific features of conversational
style between women and men.

The men have a great many expressions peculiar to them, which the woman
understand but never pronounce themselves. On the other hand, the women have
words and phrases which the men never use, ort hey would be laughed to scorn.
Thus it happens that in their conversations it often seems as if the women had
another language than the men.
 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

1. CONCLUSION
Language is so firmly attached, fused soul in every speaker in the
community. It is like a powerful weapon to affect the state and civic
society. The function of language as a means to interact or communicate
within the meaning of tools to convey thoughts, ideas, concepts or also a
feeling in this community in the traditional language function is called.
Then it can be said the relationship between language and its users in this
society is a study sociolinguistics.

2. SUGGESTION

Each individual should speak the right language, polite, thoughtful and
ethical in language, especially when you are in the community. And let the
speakers should be able to adjust its language when it is in place, both
within the formal and non-formal environment.