This least common and the deadliest form of skin The successful and commonly applied

cancer has, unfortunately, been increasing over remedial measures include the surgical
Skin Cancer: the period of previous some decades, and has removal of melanoma, and the application of
Melanoma become the most common type of cancer chemotherapy, radiation therapy, laser
diagnosed in women between ages 29 and 34. As surgery and cryosurgery, where in the last
the very name suggests, melanoma develops case liquid nitrogen is used to freeze the
from the melanin pigment producing skin cells, targeted tissue.
called Melanocytes. The symptoms of melanoma
are associated with any changes in a mole's
appearance that are characterized by the
acronym ABCD. Here A stands for "asymmetrical
shape"; B for "border irregularity"; C for "color
variation"; and D for "diameter larger than a
pencil eraser". So, in this disease, an irregularly
shaped flat spot or raised bump appears on the
skin which can be blue, black, brown, red, tan,
white or even multicolored, and it can
occasionally be itchy, tender, oozing or bleeding.
If such a spot is formed on the iris or sclera of the
eye, it may result in pain and redness in the
affected eye and the gradual loss of vision.
Commonly appearing on the hands, face, elbows Caused by the infection of the Human Treated through cryosurgery and destroyed
and the soles of the feet, warts may also affect Papilloma-Virus (HPV), warts are the with the application of caustic chemical
genitals and their various types are named after common and usually benign unwanted solutions. In some cases, the doctors may also
their physical appearance and location. Different growths on the skin. go for laser therapy and electrocautery, where
types of warts include common warts, plantar in the latter case the warts are burned off
warts, periungual warts, digitate warts, filiform with an electric current.
warts, flat warts, and so on. The common warts
are found on the hands and fingers, while the
plantar warts are located on the soles of the feet.
Warts Those occurring around the nails of fingers and
toes are periungual, whereas digitate warts are
the small fingerlike projections appearing on the
scalp and face. Likewise, the filiform warts affect
the face and neck and flat warts may occur in a
group of up to as many as seven hundred at a
time. In color and texture, these may be dark or
pale, and smooth, rough, raised or flat.
Sometimes looking like thin hornlike projections,
the warts may also involve bleeding or itching.
MUSCULAR SYSTEM: DISEASES, CAUSES AND TREATMENTS
DESCRIPTION
Muscular dystrophy is a muscle-wasting
disease whose predominant forms may
affect up to 1 in every 5,000 males. The
condition is caused by genetic mutations
that interfere with the production of muscle
proteins necessary to build and maintain
healthy muscles.
The disease is genetic, and consequently, a
history of muscular dystrophy in the family
increases the chance of an individual
developing the disease. Symptoms are
waddling gait, pain and stiffness in the
muscles, difficulty with running and jumping,
Muscular walking on toes, difficulty sitting up or
Dystrophy standing, learning disabilities, such as
developing speech later than usual, frequent
falls, inability to walk, a shortening of
muscles and tendons, further limiting
movement, breathing problems can become
so severe that assisted breathing is
necessary, curvature of the spine can be
caused if muscles are not strong enough to
support its structure, the muscles of the
heart can be weakened, leading to cardiac
problems, difficulty swallowing - this can
cause aspiration pneumonia, and a feeding
tube is sometimes necessary
CAUSES
Muscular dystrophy is caused by mutations
on the X chromosome. Each version of
muscular dystrophy is due to a different set
of mutations, but all prevent the body from
producing dystrophin. Dystrophin is a
protein essential for building and repairing
muscles.
TREATMENT
The two most commonly prescribed drugs for
muscular dystrophy are:
Corticosteroids - although this type of
medication can help increase muscle strength
and slow progression, their long-term use can
weaken bone and increase weight gain
Heart medications - if the muscular dystrophy
impacts the heart, beta blockers and
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
inhibitors may be useful
Physical therapy.
General exercises - a range of motion and
stretching exercises can help combat the
inevitable inward movement of the limbs as
muscles and tendons shorten. Limbs tend to
become fixed in position, and these types of
activities can help keep them mobile for
longer. Standard low-impact aerobic exercises
such as walking and swimming can also help
slow the disease's progression.
Breathing assistance - as the muscles used for
breathing become weaker, it may be
necessary to use devices to help improve
oxygen delivery through the night. In the most
severe cases, a patient may need to use a
ventilator to breathe on their behalf.
Mobility aids - canes, wheelchairs, walkers.
Braces - these keep muscles and tendons
stretched and help slow their shortening. They
also give added support to the user when
moving.