G L O B A L I Z AT I O N : E F F E C T S O N I N D I G E N O U S P E O P L E S
AFRICA
Angola
v Himba
Angola Gov’t
International tourism strains local resources and
threatens Himba sacred sites.
f o h Fisherfolk, tribal peoples
Chevron (U.S.), Texaco (U.S.), Total (Fr.), others
Angola Gov’t
Oil exploration threatens tribal traditional
fishing livelihoods.
Botswana
v l m h Gana, Gwi
Botswana Gov’t
Campaign by Botswana Gov’t is driving Bushmen
off their lands by cutting off water supplies.
Government wants to open up area to tourism
and gain access to rich diamond deposits.
l v Basarwa (San)
Botswana Gov’t
Basarwa forced from their homeland because the
government opposes traditional subsistence hunt-
ing in the Central Kalahari Game Reserve.
Botswana, South Africa
v l San
South Africa Gov’t
San expelled from Kalahari Gemsbok National
Park, the San traditional homelands. They face
cultural extinction.
Cameroon
o x Bagyeli
Chevron (U.S.), ExxonMobil (U.S.), Petronas (Malay.)
World Bank
Oil pipeline through Bagyeli homeland would
bring danger of leakage, groundwater contamina-
tion, freshwater and marine pollution.
t Bagyeli
Thanry (Fr.), Bollore (Fr.), Coron (Fr.), Alpi (It.)
Cameroon Gov’t, IMF
Three quarters of Cameroon’s forest cover is
destroyed. Pygmy livelihood, medicine, and
shelter endangered.
Central African
Republic
t Bayaka
WTK (Malay.), SESAM (Malay., Fr.)
Central African Republic Gov’t, IMF
Logging roads into forests have increased animal
poaching, leading to conflict between Bayaka
communities and newcomers; logging is also
destroying local food sources.
Chad
o Bagyeli, Sara, Massa, Mundani
and Hakka, the majority agricultural
populations
Chevron (U.S.), ExxonMobil (U.S.), Petronas (Malay.)
World Bank
Hundreds of oil wells in southern Chad and 650-
mile pipeline through Cameroon threaten agricul-
tural peoples.
Democratic Republic
of Congo, Rwanda
l v t Twa
Congolese Wood Industries, Danzer (Germany),
Stabach (Germany), La Forestiere (Italy)
Democratic Republic of Congo Gov’t
Twa were expelled from traditional lands to create
Kahuzi-Biega National Park; they now live in
squatter camps surrounding park. Pygmies driven
further into forest as environment is destroyed.
Democratic Republic
of Congo
m t Mbuti
American Mineral Fields, Eagles Wings Resources
(U.S.), Nokia (Fin.), Sony (Japan)
Rwandan Army
Mining of coltan metal for high-tech products
threatens livelihoods of Mbuti and destroys
wildlife.
Equatorial Guinea
t Bakola
Shimmer (Malayasia)
E. G. Ministry of Forestry
Industrial timber production has rapidly
increased since mid-1990s. Forest people have
been excluded from decision-making concerning
management and use of forests upon which they
depend for their livelihoods.
o Bubi
ExxonMobil (U.S.)
Equatorial Guinea Gov’t
Army harasses Bubi using financial support from
ExxonMobil.
Ethiopia
o e l Anuak (Anywaa)
Gambela Petroleum (Pinewood Resources, Canada)
Ethiopia Gov’t
Oil exploration threatens Anuak. Government
transmigration program brings 60,000 settlers
into traditional Anuak lands.
b Traditional peoples
University of Toledo (U.S.)
University patent on endod threatens tribal peo-
ple who have cultivated it for centuries and used
it as an intoxicant to trap and kill edible fish.
Gabon
b Traditional peoples
NeKtar Worldwide (U.S.), ProdiGene (U.S.)
University of Wisconsin, U.S. Gov’t
University has been granted exclusive U.S. market
rights to brazzein, a protein extracted from the
berries of a West African plant, Pentadiplandra
brazzeana, found on native lands. The University
also controls the brazzein gene.
Ghana
m t l Traditional farmers
Goldfields Ghana (S.A.), Anmereosa Exploration
Ghana, Teberebie Goldfields (Ghana)
(U.S.) World Bank, IMF, Ghana Gov’t
Thousands of traditional farmers evicted to make
way for World Bank-sponsored gold mining.
Kenya
m l t Digo, Kamba
Tiomin Resources (Canada)
World Bank, Kenya Gov’t
Mining operations evict Digo and strip ancestral
lands of all vegetation. Logging, road construc-
tion, and a power-generating plant also threaten
their livelihoods.
w l Masai
Kenya, British, U.S. militaries
Kenya, U.S. and U.K. military units use Masai land
for training maneuvers with severe environmental
consequences; pastoralists forced to marginal
grazing lands.
v l Samburu
Kenya Gov’t
Sambura peoples displaced by tourism develop-
ment in Shaba National Reserve.
l v Masai Mara
Tourism industry
Kenya Gov’t, World Bank
Most Masai land taken over for private farms,
ranches, government projects, and national parks.
t l Ogiek, Masai
Pan African Paper Mills (Panpaper), Raiply Timber,
Timsales
Kenya Gov’t
Logging companies operate in protected forests
and ancestral lands, illegally sold or granted to
developers by government.
Liberia
t Kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru, others
Shelman (Ger.), Oriental Timber (Malaysia)
Liberia Gov’t
Illegal logging for European markets. Incidents of
human rights abuse and arms trafficking reported.
Madagascar
m t Tribal people
Rio Tinto (U.K.)
World Bank
Villagers are strongly opposed to World Bank pro-
posed mine that would deforest the area.
Morocco
o l r Amazigh
Lonestar Energy (U.S.)
Morocco Gov’t
Oil exploration/drilling and road construction
displacing Amazigh from their land.
o Saharawi
Kerr McGee (U.S.), Total (Fr.), TGS-NOPEC (Nor.)
Morocco Gov’t
Government contract with oil companies for oil
exploration viewed by Saharawi as endorsement
of the annexation of their territory by Morocco.
Namibia
d r Himbas
Namibia Gov’t
Planned dam would devastate the pastoralist
Himbas, flood grazing lands and ancestral grave-
yards, and destroy river ecosystem.
Niger, Algeria
m o Tuaregs
Bechtel (U.S.), BHP (Australia), BRGM (Fr.),
Elf (Fr.)
Niger, Algeria, Mali Gov’ts
Foreign companies exploit minerals and oil/gas
deposits in Tuareg territory.
Nigeria
o f x Ogoni, Ijaw, Ogba,
Ekpeye, Anyama, Sangana, Okoroba,
Ijaw, Nembe, fisherfolk
Shell (U.K.), Mobil (U.S.), Chevron (U.S.), Agip (It.),
others
Nigeria Gov’t, World Bank
Oil industry devastates the Niger Delta peoples
with leaking pipelines, polluted water, ruined
fisheries, oil fires, and violence.
Nigeria, Togo, Benin,
Ghana
o m Ogoni, Ijaw
Chevron (U.S.), Shell (U.K.), Nigerian National
Petroleum, others
Nigeria Gov’t
Proposed 1,000-km pipeline to carry offshore gas
from Niger Delta to Benin, Togo, and Ghana
would cause massive environmental damage and
expand destructive gold mining. Oil companies
have refused to consult with the affected commu-
nities.
Rwanda, Uganda
l t Batwa
Logging companies
World Bank
World Bank funds commercial infrastructure and
logging concessions. Batwa impoverished as forest
cover declines and access to newly-protected
forests is prohibited.
South Africa, Namibia
b !Kung (San People)
Phytopharm (U.K.), Pfizer (U.S.)
Phytopharm patents the Hoodia plant, tradition-
ally used by the Kung, as a miracle diet pill. The
Kung were never consulted.
Sudan
o l Dinka, Nuer
Talisman Energy (Can.), Lundin Oil (Sweden), OMV
(Austria), Petronas (Malay.), CNPC (China)
Sudan Gov’t
Government clears Dinka and Nuer lands to tap
vast oil reserves.
a l Nuba, Baggara nomads
Industrial farms
Sudan Gov’t
Huge, mechanized farms drive Nuba off lands and
threaten the environment. Baggara nomads lose
pasture lands to industrial agriculture.
Tanzania
t a Masai
IMF, Tanzania Gov’t
Forests cleared for the expansion of export-ori-
ented large-scale commercial farms, displacing
Masai inhabitants.
Uganda
d f l Basoga, Baganda
AES (U.S.)
World Bank/IFC, OPIC, European export credit
agencies
Proposed dam would drown Bujagali Falls, with
unknown impacts on fisheries. 2,000 people
around Nile River would be forcibly resettled.
v l Ik
Uganda Gov’t
Ik evicted without warning for creation of Kidepo
Valley National Park.
Zimbabwe
b Traditional healers
Phytera (U.S.) University of Lausanne
Swiss university and U.S. pharmaceutical com-
pany are attempting to patent the snake-bean
tree, used by traditional healers for generations to
treat a variety of health conditions.
MEXICO,
CENTRAL,
SOUTH
AMERICA
Argentina
o t r Kolla
Consorcio Norandino SA, Tractebel (Belgium),
Southern Energy (U.S.)
Argentina Gov’t, ENARGAS (Argentina regula-
tory agency)
Gas pipeline would cut through one of the last
mountain forests of the Kolla people.
t v Kolla
Seabord (U.S.)
Argentina Gov’t
Eco-tourism development; clearcutting of Andean
forest in Kolla territory.
o Mapuche
YPF Oil (Argentina)
Argentina Govt.
Oil contaminants in water have caused severe
medical problems among Mapuche children.
t l Mbya Guarani
Moconá S.A. Forestry (Argentina)
Company exploits forests and illegally occupies
Guarani ancestral territory.
r Wichí
Argentina Gov’t, Mercosur, FTAA (Free Trade
Area of the Americas)
Major highway through indigenous territory has
dredged one of the world’s largest wetlands.
Belize
dMaya
Fortis(Canada)/Belize Electric Co.
Belize Gov’t
Chalillo Dam would flood Mayan community and
destroy cultural heritage sites.
Bolivia
h Aymara, Quechua
Bechtel (U.S.)
World Bank, IMF, Bolivia Gov’t
Privatization of Cochabamba’s water system dras-
tically increased rates and brought uprising by
indigenous communities. Contract reversed.
d Aymara, Quechua
World Bank
Proposed projects would divert lake and stream
water from local communities.
i w Aymara, Quechua, others
U.S. Gov’t, Bolivia Gov’t
Coca growers face eradication/fumigation of coca
crops despite legal uses, traditional cultural and
medicinal roles.
t Chimane, Mosetene, Tacana
Berna Sucesores
Logging threatens hunting grounds and liveli-
hoods.
d Chimane, Tacana, Mosetene
Bolivia Gov’t
New dam would flood Pilon Lajas Reserve, caus-
ing irrevocable damage to one of the most biodi-
verse areas on Earth, and would displace
thousands of people. Two road proposals also
threaten rich ecosystems.
o Chimane, Yuracere, Mojeno,
Ignaciano
Repsol-YPF-Maxus consortium (Argentina)
Oil well at Apere River endangers indigenous
water supply.
r l Chiquitano, Guarayo,
Ayoreo, Guarani
Timber, mining, agriculture
Bolivia Gov’t
Proposed highway would give Brazil access to
Pacific; open up indigenous lands to colonizers.
o Chiquitano, Guarayo, Ayoreo,
Guarani, Weenhayek
Shell, Enron, Transredes, Petrobras
Overseas Private Investment Corp., World Bank
Construction of gas pipeline between Bolivia and
Brazil has affected 6 million hectares of Chiquitano
Forest, inhabited by 178 indigenous and peasant
communities. Communities are strongly opposed
to projects due to river contamination, reduced
fish and game supply, and increased colonization.
Bolivia, Brazil
o Guarani, Guarayo, Ayoreo,
Chiquitano, Kinikinao, Guaxi,
Terena, Kayapó, Ophayé-Xavante,
Guadaxo, Layana
Enron (U.S.), Shell (U.K.), BHP Petroleum
(Australia), others Petrobras (Brazil), YPFB (Bolivian
state oil), Andean Development Corp.,
World Bank, Ex-Im Bank (U.S. & Japan)
Bolivia-Brazil pipeline will connect Santa Cruz gas
fields to Porto Alegre, Brazil, damaging lands and
livelihoods of many indigenous groups.
s t m o Indigenous groups
in the Chimore and Yapacani regions
as well as the Chiquitano, Guarayo,
Ayoreo and Guarani people of the
Santa Cruz region of Bolivia,
Brazil, Chile
Logging, mining, oil, agriculture sectors
IDB, Chile, Brazil, Bolivia and Japan Govt’s
Indigenous groups oppose transport corridor that
would facilitate growth in international trade of
timber, oil, and minerals.
Brazil
t c m Awá
Logging industry
Nomadic hunter-gatherers under threat from log-
gers, ranchers, and settlers.
d Caraja, Awá
Alcoa (U.S.), BHP Billiton (Australia/S. Africa,
CVRD (Brazil)
Tucuri dam floods indigenous reserves and threat-
ens animals and forests.
lwv
f
Hawaii
This chart offers a partial list of places where economic globalization is negatively impacting the planet’s indigenous peoples. The map is part of a larger project that also includes a
new comprehensive report. We regret there was not room to list hundreds of additional examples that deserve attention. More than 5,000 distinct indigenous societies continue to
exist today; most are eager to retain their ancestral lands, sovereignty, governance systems, and economic, cultural, and spiritual practices. Though some have been impacted for cen-
turies by the global reach of colonizing societies, all now face an ever more aggressive effort by global corporations and bureaucracies seeking access to the resources and lands that
native peoples have protected for millennia, and on which they depend.
Notable among the impacts are incursions by global corporations to exploit forests, minerals, oil, fish,
wildlife, thus affecting the viability of native traditional livelihoods; development of giant infrastuctures like pipelines, dams, waterways, ports, roads bringing environmental dam-
age to native lands; forced displacement of native populations to make way for industrial agriculture, or for transmigration and settlement of new populations; military interdic-
tions; culturally devastating tourism; and bioprospecting by genetic scientists.
Most such projects have been encouraged or financed by such institutions as the World Bank, IMF,
o Apurina, Paumari, Deni, Juma
El Paso Energy Int’l (U.S.), Halliburton (U.S.),
Schlumberger (U.S.), Techint Engineering (Arg.)
Japan Export-Import Bank, Brazilian National
Dev. Bank, Petrobras (Brazil state oil co.)
Pipelines to expand oil and gas production open
up indigenous lands to miners, loggers, ranchers,
and colonists.
s Kaiabi, Munduruku
Brazil Gov’t
Industrial waterway will facilitate soy-product
exports to Europe.
c Guarani-Kaiowa
Large-scale ranchers
Large-scale ranchers have taken over Guarani and
Kaiowá land, evicting indians from their remain-
ing territory.
d Kayapó, Parakanã-Apiterewa,
Araweté, Ipixuna, Asurini do Xingu,
Arara do Pará, Juruna, Xipaia e
Curuaia
World Bank (withdrew from original project),
Electronorte (Brazilian state dam company)
Expansion of hydroelectric production would
flood part of the Xingu indigenous park, affecting
25 groups.
r t c l Nambiquara
Logging industry, ranchers
World Bank, Brazil Gov’t
Highway project reduces indigenous land and
increases intimidation from loggers and settlers.
s Parintintim, Munduruku, Mura
Piraha, Mura
Andre Maggi Group (Br.), Merchant Marine Fund,
Hermasa (S.A.), CIAMPAR
Brazil Gov’t (Ministry of Transportation), state
of Amazonas, Superintendency for the
Development of Amazonia (regional dev.
agency), Business Council for Sustainable Dev.
Waterway facilitates industrial agriculture,
increases truck and ship traffic, impacts indige-
nous livelihoods.
l Pataxó
Brazil Gov’t
New national park forces Pataxó from traditional
territory.
d Surui-Aiwekar
GESAI Consortium (Alcoa, BHP Billiton, Campania
Vale do Rio Doce, Camargo Correa, Votorantim)
Brazil Gov’t
Santa Isabel dam will displace 7,000 people and
flood the Serra dos Martirios ecological reserve,
affecting the Surui-Aiwekar people, who depend
on the Araguaia River for their livelihoods.
l Tupinikim, Guaraní
Aracruz Celulose (Brazil)
Tupinikim and Guaraní lands taken over for huge
eucalyptus plantations.
s Xavante, Karaja, Javaé, Avá
Canoeiro, Tapirapé, M’bya, Krikati,
Xerente, Apinayé, Munduruku,
Kaiaibi
Midland (U.S.), ADM (U.S.), Cargill (U.S.)
Brazil Gov’t (Ministry of Transportation)
Indigenous communities oppose industrial water-
way. Xavante won a court injunction blocking it.
b Indigenous groups of the Amazon
Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru,
Venezuela, Colombia, Suriname,
Guyana, French Guiana
U.S. private party, U.S. Gov’t
Ayahuasca patent accepted by U.S. Patent Office
despite the fact that thousands of indigenous peo-
ple use it for religious and healing purposes.
Chile
l t Huilliche
Chile Gov’t
Highway megaproject facilitates logging and con-
version to coastal forest plantations. Huilliche
communities were not consulted.
x o
I N T E R N A T I O N A L
l t Mapuche
Forestal Mininco (Chile), Bosques Arauco (Chile)
Chile Gov’t
Big forestry companies invade indigenous territo-
ries. New pine monocultures grow where forest
diversity once provided Mapuche livelihood.
d t Pehuenche
ENDESA (Chile)
Chile Gov’t
Dams would displace 1000 Pehuenche, flood river
valley, threaten plant and animal species, and
increase access to logging.
v Rapa Nui
Chile Gov’t
Rapa Nui threatened by increased tourism and
development on Easter Island.
Colombia
w Arhuaco
Colombia Gov’t, U.S. Gov’t
Tribe faces threats and encroachment from guer-
rillas, paramilitaries, Colombian army, drug traf-
fickers, and drug runners.
w Embera Katio, U’wa
U.S. and Colombia Gov’ts
U.S. aid supports Colombian military and aerial
fumigation, endangering human health and the
environment.
d Embera-Katío
Skanska (Swiss), Conciviles (Colombia)
Colombia Gov’t, Canadian Export Development
Corp., Nordbanken (Swiss), Nordic Investment
Bank (Nordic countries)
Urrá Dam built on native territory without per-
mission floods land and deprives Embera-Katío of
fish.
i w Guambiano, Paez, Inga,
Cofán, others
Monsanto (U.S.), Dupont (U.S.)
U.S. Gov’t
U.S. eradicates drug crops by aerial spraying,
severely impacting environment and health
o Inga, Siona, Cofán
Texaco (U.S.), Ecopetrol (Colombia)
Colombia Gov’t
In southern Putumayo province, Texaco and
Ecopetrol have contaminated the fresh water sup-
plies of the Inga, Siona, and Cofan Indians, forc-
ing them to evacuate their territories.
o Nukak
Occidental Petroleum (U.S.), Ecopetrol (Col.), others
Colombia Gov’t
Oil exploration threatens community survival.
m w l Tabaco indigenous/
campesino community, Wayuu
Intercor (previously owned by ExxonMobil),
Glencore (Swiss), BHP Billiton (Australia/U.K.),
Anglo-American (S. Africa/U.K.)
Colombia Gov’t, IMF
El Cerrejon open pit coal mine has devastated
lands. Construction of roads from the mining area
to the port has destroyed burial grounds, houses,
corrals. Protests met with military oppression.
o U’wa, Guajibo
Occidental Petroleum (U.S.), Repsol (Spain),
Ecopetrol (Colombia)
Colombia Gov’t
Proposal to build pipeline through U’wa land
brought massive international protest and project
delays—a temporary victory for the U’wa.
o Yariguie, Motilon
Transnational oil corporations
Colombia Gov’t
Oil projects exterminated the Yariguie and the
Motilon tribes.
Costa Rica
o f Bribri, Cabecar
Harken Energy (U.S.)
Costa Rica Gov’t, Plan Puebla Panama
Oil development in one of the most biologically-
rich areas in the world threatens fishing and
farming.
m o
x Norway
m m
x m
f m
rx
h Canada
ft
l mtv
b r ml
ro
nz
o Canada Gov’t
xf
m t l Haida
z x
x h vn
n x
xl
o xx nm
m Morocco
m mm mmr
a o
tcv
a bx
Mexico
b m
sx o
o d Belize
tba
m wl a
s oca mdv
Guatemalaf w ltmltlf
t
w El Salvador lftre
Nicaragua fo
d Ghana Benin
x od Panama w l
r Costa Rica f
l Suriname
Easter Island
(Chile)
v Red Fern Resources (Canada)
d l Brunca
Costa Rica Gov’t/Costa Rican Energy Institute
Forced relocation of indigenous peoples makes
way for dams.
Ecuador
o Amazonian tribes—Achuar, Shuar,
Huaorani, Quichua, Shiwiar, Zapara
OCP consortium-Alberta Energy (Can.), Kerr McGee
(U.S.), Occidental (U.S.), AGIP (It.), others
Ecuador Gov’t
Oil pipeline endangers ecosystems and indigenous
communities by opening up frontier forests.
o Amazonian tribes—Achuar, Shuar,
Huaorani, Quichua, Shiwiar, Zapara
Ecuador Gov’t
Ecuadorian Gov’t is selling 2 million hectares of
Amazon rainforests to oil companies to expand
heavy crude reserves.
o Cofán
Petroecuador, Lumbaqui Oil (Ecuador)
Ecuador Gov’t
Cofan peoples occupied and closed down an oil
well in 1998 to protest oil-industry activity in
their ancestral territories.
o Cofán
Texaco-Gulf (U.S.)
Ecuador Gov’t
Oil development starting in 1970 has reduced
Cofan territory, and brought a 315-mile pipeline,
increased migration from settlers, and new
unknown diseases. After 30 years, Cofan popula-
tion has shrunk to 650 from 15,000.
o Cofán, Secoya, Siona
Texaco (U.S.)
Ecuador Gov’t
Billion-dollar lawsuit filed by indigenous leaders
charged that Texaco caused widespread devasta-
tion to the rainforest environment and dramati-
cally increased the risk of cancer for tens of
thousands of people. First class-action lawsuit
filed by foreign plaintiffs in a U.S. court, will
determine whether persons in other countries can
sue in U.S. courts for contamination by American
corporations abroad.
o Huaorani
Perez Companc (Ec.), AGIP (It.), Vintage Oil (Ec.),
Alberta Energy (Canada), Repsol YPF (Spain)
Ecuador Gov’t
Oil impacts include high malaria and hepatitis B
epidemics, cultural degradation, pollution, colo-
nization from oil-related infrastructure and access
roads.
a r t Awa, Quichua, Shuar,
Cofán, others
International Monetary Fund
Indigenous peoples demand end to IMF austerity
measures.
i Quichua
DynCorp (U.S.)
U.S. Gov’t, Colombia Gov’t
A class-action lawsuit by 10,000 Ecuadorian
Indians and farmers charges DynCorp recklessly
sprayed the herbicide glyphosate on homes and
farms, causing illnesses and deaths, destroying
crops and displacing thousands of small farmers.
o Quichua, Sarayacu, Zapara
CGC (Argentina)
Ecuador Gov’t
Quichua and Zapara peoples are resisting oil
exploration activities.
o Quichua, Secoya, Siona, Shuar
Occidental (U.S.)
Ecuador Gov’t
Occidental is conducting oil exploration and pro-
duction on native lands in four protected areas of
Amazon including Yasuni National Park, the Cuy
Abeno Wildlife Reserve, the Panacocha and
Limoncocha protected forest. Occidental plans 32
new wells as well as 90 kilometer pipeline.
nwl m Deh Cho First Nation (Dene f t Udege
Terneiles (Russia)
people)
Canadian Zinc Mine Russia Gov’t
Greenland o Proposed Prairie Creek Mine upstream from Government has auctioned logging rights to more
x o Nahanni National Park Reserve would impact ter- than 1 million acres of pristine Samarga water-
w on ritory of Deh Cho First Nation. shed without consent of local community. Bikin
d on o m x Dene, Cree
watershed is home to one of the last remaining
x f intact Cherry Salmon runs; Udege depend on this
ml o Russia o
Cameco (Canada) intact ecosystem for subsistence.
Canada Gov’t.
o f Ul’ch
Dene uranium mine workers suffer premature
x deaths from cancer; their lake is contaminated by ExxonMobil (U.S.), Rosneft (Russia),
radioactive materials. Sakhalinmorheftegaz (Russia)
m Ul’ch indigenous community deeply alarmed
dl m l Dogrib First Nation about oil and gas spills on coastal fishery.
Diavik Diamonds (subsidiary of Rio Tinto—U.K.)
t Ul’ch, Udege
w o o
NW Territories Chamber of Mines
f Diamond mine within Dogrib traditional territory Rimbunan Hijau (Malaysia),
d dor t is approved despite vehement opposition from Rimbunan Hijau, known for ravaging
o
t t local communities. forest and abusing indigenous rights, offered large
payments to indigenous communities for logging
Kazakhstan l m x Dogrib First Nation rights, but has not lived up to its committments.
Royal Oak Mines (now bankrupt); Miramar Mining
to x
b omf
(Canada)
United States
x Arsenic, cyanide and heavy metal tailings from b Anishinaabeg (Minnesota)
m tf l mine harm traditional lands of the Dogrib. University of Minnesota
fx x d University of Minnesota attempts to genetically
code and patent wild rice native to Anishinaabeg
Weyerhauser (U.S.) land.
l NAFTA
Turkey Haida challenge logging on their land; r o Blackfeet (Montana)
ro dhl l Weyerhauser may demand compensation under U.S. Gov’t
U. S. A.
lh l lo
NAFTA Chapter 11. Bush administration pushing for drilling on pub-
rv China lic lands. Drilling in the Badger-Two Medicine
Syria Iran f Haida
d
area would have a serious impact on the spiritual
Iraq Japan NAFTA practices of the Blackfeet due to noise, construc-
l Pakistan
Industrial export fishing reduces Haida access to
local salmon stocks, primary source of protein
tion, traffic, and destruction of land.
and integral part of Haida culture. x Colorado River Indian Tribes
r l
Algeria t l w Innu
(CRIT) (Arizona, Colorado)
Nepal d Canadian, British, U.S., Dutch, Italian militaries
U.S. Gov’t
ot Toxic incinerator on indigenous lands.
o Saudi Arabia d mlo Low-level military flight training over hunting/
wl x Myanmar fishing grounds met with protests and resistance. v x Dineh (Navajo) (Utah)
lm
Western o o we U.S. Gov’t
Sahara
dl l hoe e
d Innu The Glen Canyon reservoir which surrounds many
m ol e wl Northern Johnston Canada Gov’t sacred sites and is used for tour boat cruises, is
o
India l a owl d Mariana Atoll The Lower Churchill hydro development project, filled with trash, petroleum, pollution, and
b tm Bangladesh lo l l
mt ml Islands x
on Innu land, is one of the largest such projects
ever proposed. Despite opposition, construction
human waste.
t l l d tfm Philippines nx may begin in 2003. Goal is energy export to U.S. m l Dineh (Navajo), Hopi
Chad b f da
w d Honduras Niger t hlm m Innu, Inuit
(Arizona)
Thailand a t Peabody Coal (U.S.)
o t x lh INCO (Canada)
U.S. Gov’t
Sudan h l t Canada Gov’t Peabody Coal mines in Dineh and Hopi territory,
f t m Nickel, copper, and cobalt mining projects
ar
cause environmental problems, destroy sacred
mm
threaten Innu and Inuit hunting and fishing,
al l o grounds, lower water table, and threaten tradi-
Nigeria l b
Vietnam m ml
burial grounds, and religious sites. tional way of life. Majority of affected 2,000
l mtr d w lo v
Venezuela l Togo o l
oe
Guyana m inhabitants forced to leave their homelands.
x m ltmt x Inuit (Baffin Island, Nunavut)
vbd m mt o o Central African m lz t n Goshutes (Utah)
t o o x Ethiopia fl U.S. waste incinerators
dm mlb x Republic em l
Weather patterns carry U.S. toxics north to polar
Colombia w Liberia o Brunei t
Private Fuel Storage Coalition—including Northern
o French Guiana fo t t regions, threatening ecosystem and human health.
r rbm b Sri Lanka wo States Power, Con-Edison, GPU Nuclear, Southern
b b v Malaysia Nuclear Operating Co. (all U.S.)
b o t Cameroon v mt l l t m l Mohawk
tl
Uganda Eight utilities trying to construct radioactive
wi b Equatorialot lmlt d a vl Niocan (Canada) waste dump in remote Skull Valley, Goshute
oo o o o b Guinea df lv t lx Québec Gov’t Reservation.
b l t am e f Proposed underground mine will impact tradi-
Ecuador tooo o
l lvt a e r oal m tional territory of Mohawks of Kanesatake, who o Gwich’in (Alaska)
b ooo oio s Gabon Papua
ao o Dem. Rep. t wl o me l New Guinea
oppose the mine. ARCO (U.S.), BP Amoco, Chevron (U.S.), Exxon
o e r o d d Congo Of Congo t t x t fmotx b Nuu-chah-nulth (U.S.), others
rb
b ottr d Rwandal a lKenya l exd m e Solomon Oxford University
U.S. Gov’t
t to Oil exploration threatens land and caribou migra-
Indonesia l b a Islands Blood samples taken from the Nuu-chah-nulth tions— foundations of Gwich'in life and culture.
b s Brazil Tanzania people for arthritis research used for other
Peru t eomta m x Hualapai, Havasupai (Arizona)
tc r m l t em b t
research, without their consent.
fmh s h Shusawp Mining threatens canyon watershed.
xlo t m b t c lx
l Angola American Global Water Corporations r l h Kickapoo (Oklahoma)
eomt t o l h o NAFTA Chapter 11 NAFTA
Samoa b Bulk water exports threaten regional water supply.
b d b s a o v l Land and water resources of the Kickapoo Nation
are under threat by impending north-south super-
Bolivia t f m t r Temagami Anishnabai First highway from Canada to Mexico.
hw l t Fiji m Nation
d im sr o Zimbabwe Madagascar ml
Liskeard Lumber (Canada) m Menominee, Oneida, Chippewa
to o o l d Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (Wisconsin)
Planned clearcuts lie across First Nations sacred
s cl r Botswana b sites, wildlife habitat, and last old-growth white
BHP-Billiton (Australia/S. Africa), Rio Algom
b m b (Canada)/Crandon Mining, Exxon Minerals (U.S.)
Namibia vl mt New Tonga
and red pine forests highly concentrated in the Proposed mine threatens trout habitat, wild rice
s to
Temagami region of central Ontario.
a tc lmv Caledonia beds, and reservations located downstream.
m r x Tlingit First Nation
r Paraguay b h n Mescalero Apache (New Mexico)
tv
lv v
Northern States Power (U.S.)
Chile
r lt Australia
Company wants to extract gold, silver, copper, U.S. Gov’t
lead, and zinc near the Taku River, and is propos-
ing a road that will cut through the still-pristine
Storing high-level nuclear waste from NSP’s reactors.
b South Africa
m
Taku watershed; large-scale acid mine drainage
will endanger rich salmon runs.
z x Modoc, Shasta, Karuk,
Wintu, Pit River (California)
Argentina
m Greenland
Calpine (U.S.), CalEnergy (U.S.)
U.S. Gov’t
Geothermal/energy development of Medicine
lt
o
w n l Inuit
U.S., Denmark Gov’t
Lake desecrates sacred grounds and releases
arsenic, chromium, boron, and hydrogen sulfide;
t
d a
U.S. seeks base in Greenland for missile defense
plan. Inuit forcibly relocated and face exposure to
plutonium.
leads to contaminated water, polluted air, distur-
bance of wildlife, and danger to plants used for
food and medicine.
tl
o Inuit m f x Mohawk (New York)
New Zealand Statoil (Norway)
Greenland Home Rule Gov’t
Alcoa (U.S.)
Aluminum production contaminates St. Lawrence
New oil/gas exploration will negatively impact
River with PCBs, Mohawks advised to eat less fish,
environment and local economy.
leading to collapse of traditional economy.
Norway x Mohawk (Great Lakes Basin)
NAFTA, WTO
w d x Saami Great Lakes Region polluted by mercury, so fish
Norway Gov’t
Planned military fields and big dams threaten
and wildlife (main source of subsistence of indig-
neous peoples) no longer safe to eat. Also major
Saami reindeer winter pasture.
accumulations of Persistent Organic Pollutants.
Russia f v l Native Hawaiians
Century of colonization and tourism has
o r Altai
destroyed sacred sites, harmed native fishing,
Gazprom (Russia) agricultural lands and culture.
Siberia Gov’t
Siberian gov’t planning road and gas pipeline w Native Hawaiians
through Ukok Plateau, sacred site to Altai people; U.S. Military
project would open up pristine area to industrial- U.S. military bases and bombing ranges on Native
ization and ship Russian oil and gas to China. Hawaiian land destroys ecosystems and protected
species, and causes chemical contamination.
d Altai
F O R U M O N G L O B A L I Z A T I O N I N D I G E N O U S P E O P L E S’ P R O J E C T European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development
m x Navajo (Arizona)
Hydro-Resources (U.S.), Tufflite (U.S.), Kerr McGee
Katun Dam project of Altai mountains threatens (U.S.)
unique ecoclimate. Hydroelectric power capacity U.S. Gov’t
exceeds local energy needs. Decades of uranium and other mining have dev-
a INDUSTRIAL e TRANSMIGRATION l LOSS OF LAND r ROADS w MILITARIZATION WTO, or by development banks and export credit agencies. All seek to separate indigenous peoples from control of their lands and resources, to feed the appetites of global trade
t Buriyat
astated Navajo health and sacred lands.
and development interests.
Efforts by hundreds of indigenous groups to defend against these incursions have been too little noted by mass media, NGOs, and surely govern-
AGRICULTURE Illegal loggers f n x Nez Perce, Yakama,
f FISHERIES m MINING s SHIPPING x POLLUTION ments and agencies assigned to protect peoples and resources. We hope this project may help stimulate new effort to reverse this negative process. Demand in China, Japan and South Korea has Confederated Tribes of Umatilla
been driving deforestation in Russia. Indian Reservation (Washington)
b BIOPIRACY h WATER n NUCLEAR t LOGGING z ENERGY For additional copies of this map, or of the report, please contact: International Forum on Globalization, Indigenous Peoples’ Project, 1009 General Kennedy Ave. #2, o f Chukchi, Eskimo
U.S. Gov’t/Department of Energy
High-level radioactive and chemical wastetanks
San Francisco, CA 94129. 415-561-7650; (fax) 415-561-7651; (website) www.ifg.org. Alaska State Gov’t from Hanford Nuclear Reservation leak about one
c CATTLE Commercial overfishing of Bering Sea and pro- million gallons of waste into the soil; some has
i DRUG INTERDICTION o OIL v TOURISM Thank you to our partners on this project: Amazon Watch, Arctic Peoples Alert, Cultural Conservancy, The European Center for Ecological and Agricultural Tourism, Greenpeace-U.S., Indigenous Environmental
posed offshore oil development jeopardize sur- reached groundwater. Indians who fish in the
d DAM
vival of Chukchi and Eskimo. Columbia River exposed to radiation.
Network, International Indian Treaty Council, International Rivers Network, Pacific Environment, Project Underground, Rainforest Action Network, Tebtebba Foundation, White Earth Land Recovery Project.
m x Evenk o Northern Arapaho, Northern
Kinross/Omolon (Canada) Cheyenne, Eastern Shoshone, Crow,
European Bank for Reconstruction and Blackfeet, others (Montana)
Development Anschutz Exploration (U.S.)
Gold mine tailings threaten to contaminate drink- U.S. Gov’t
o Quichua, Shuar, Achuar, Siona Guyana, Brazil w l Zapotec, Tzotsil, Tzeltal, v Kuna Suriname m Wiradjuri Aborigines d l Jharkhand Tribal People t Dayak Laos d Sindhi z l Bagobo m Subanen b Karen, traditional Thai farmers ing water supply for Evenk people. Mine has not Oil drilling is in a sacred site containing the conti-
Burlington Resources, Inc. (U.S.), Panama Gov’t, Plan Puebla Panama (PPP) Barrick/Homestake Gold (Canada) Vivendi (France) IMF, Indonesia Gov’t Pakistan Gov’t Philippine National Oil (PNOC); National Power TVI Pacific (Canada), Rio Tinto (U.K.) University of Florida paid promised dividends to Evenk shareholders,
b Wapishana Tlapaneco, Mam, others m Aucaner Maroon d f l Montegnards/Lao who depend on this income.
nent’s largest collection of rock art.
Ecuador Gov’t
Oil exploration suspended due to opposition from British individual Mexico Gov’t, U.S. Gov’t
Increased militarization for “drug war”.
Kuna lands taken over for eco-tourism.
Golden Star Resources (Canada), Cambior (Canada),
Exploratory drilling threatens the environment
and community’s sacred sites and aboriginal com-
World Bank
100,000 tribal people would be displaced by
Massive logging for export has silted up rivers and
forced game deeper into forests. Theung
Constuction of Kalabagh dam threatens the Sindhi
people and would destroy much of their heritage.
Corporation (NAPOCOR)
Philippines Gov’t
Philippines Gov’t, IMF
Subanen people blockade road to prevent TVI
University of Florida trying to patent a variety of
jasmine rice, bred and used by Thai farmers for n x Pacific Islanders (Johnston
local indigenous peoples and environmental Indians seek to challenge patents registered on d Kuna, Embera-Wounan Canarc Resource (Canada) munities. Subarnarekha River dam project so privatized Transfield Holdings (Australia), Electricité de France, Indigenous people of Mindanao protest geother- Pacific from mining on ancestral lands. The centuries. University researchers suspected of o m x Evenk, Udege, Ul’ch,
groups. products isolated from Tipir, the nut of the s Zoque Panama Gov’t Suriname Gov’t, IMF water can be diverted to cities. o Dayak EGCO (Thailand), Ital-Thai (Thailand) mal plants on ancestral lands around Mount Apo, Subanen have withstood violence from police and illegally smuggling rice samples out of Thailand .
Atoll)
Greenheart tree and Cunani, used by the
Mexico Gov’t, PPP Dam project forcibly relocated 3,000 people from Mining and logging concessions to foreign com- Unocal (U.S.), Vico (Indonesia), & Total Indonesie Laos Gov’t, World Bank, Asian Development Papua New Guinea the country’s highest peak. miners.
Mansi
Russia Gov’t
U.S. Gov’t
o Tagaeri Wapishana for millenia. Waphishina have banned fertile traditional lands to marginal lands. panies threaten indigenous lands. Bangladesh o x Kaliapani tribal people Unocal and other oil/gas companies contaminate Bank, Japan Gov’t m Bougainvillean people Resource extraction, such as mining, oil and gas
Military waste shipped from U.S. bases in Japan
Vintage Oil Ecuador (originally was Elf Acquitane of visits by “researchers” to their villages.
Proposed industrial waterway through Isthmus of
Tehuantepec, Mexico’s most biologically impor- h l e Chakma rice fields, fish/shrimp embankments, and com- Proposed dam would resettle 4,500 people; 40,000 Rio Tinto (U.K./Australia) m Banwa-on, Talaandig, Higaonon m o Tagbanua Tonga development, and environmental pollution, such
contaminates atoll with PCBs.
b Guayami t Saramaka Maroon Oil India, Oil and Natural Gas (India)
other people living along the Xe Bangfai could be b Pacific Islanders
France) tant tropical forest, threatens Zoque land. NV Tacoba (China), Jin Lin Wood (China) Bangladesh Gov’t India Gov’t munity plantations. PNG Gov’t, IMF Climax Mining (Australia), Bonaventure, Assisi Shell Philippines Exploration B.V. , Occidental as acid rain, contaminate foods and territories. x Pacific Islanders (Northern
Tagaeri live in voluntary isolation with little con-
tact from the outside world. Community under
Honduras b Indigenous groups
U.S. Dept of Commerce
Patent claim on the cell line of Guayami was with- Suriname Gov’t Inundation of Chakma lands has forced them to Two of India’s largest oil companies cited for dis-
v l Dayak
affected by increased flooding and reduction in
fish catches.
Environmental damage and social dislocation Mining
Philippines Gov’t
Philippines
Philippines Govt.
Autogen (Australia) Indigenous peoples across Russia face epidemics Marianas)
migrate to India. charging effluents from drilling sites into nearby caused by copper mining catalyzed a civil war Tonga Ministry of Health of tuberculosis, cancer, gastro-intestinal and
pressure due to oil exploration/pre-production. v Garifuna Pod-Ners (U.S.) drawn due to international protests. Chinese logging company operations deforest,
water systems, tea gardens and rainforests. Hotel industry from 1988 to 1997 between Bougainvilleans and Government allowed mining surveyors to enter 480-km offshore natural gas pipeline from Biotech company arranged to collect blood sam- immune diseases.
U.S. Gov’t
Honduras Gov’t, Plan Puebla Panama pollute water, and threaten indigenous commu- PCB wastes contaminates soil and leaks into
In 1999, the company won the patent for the w e Jumma, Marma, Chakma State Gov’t Malaysia the government. Residents filed a class-action area without consulting the indigenous peoples, Malampaya to Batangas will be constructed, ples for genetic database on the people of Tonga groundwater. High incidences of cancers,
o Tetetes Garifuna defend their lands against development nity access to hunting, fishing, and farming areas.
m l Kondh, Santhal, Saura, Tourism industry projects appropriate and exploit causing skirmishes. affecting Tagbanua lands. o Evenk, Buriyat
Texaco (U.S.) and tourism.
Enola bean from Mexico and demanded that all
U.S. importers of Mexican beans pay royalties. An
Paraguay Bangladesh Gov’t
Government has sought to dilute tribal cultures Gond, Munda, Parja, Bhuiyan Dayak land. d l Penan, Kayan, Kenyah, lawsuit in the U.S. against Rio Tinto, for interna-
tional environmental violations and crimes
without public debate. But opposition from
church and human rights groups stalled the plan. Russia Petroleum (BP-Amoco owns 43% of stock) leukemia, chromosomal changes, and reproduc-
h l Bugkalot, Igorot a Yogad, Ibanag tive disorders reported among islanders.
Ecuador Gov’t
Oil development forced the last Tetetes Indians m d Lenca immediate drop in export sales out of Mexico l ct a Enxet, Ayoreo Venezuela by settling non-natives in the region. Norsk Hydro (Norway), Alcan (Canada), Hindalco
a e l Dayak
Kelabit, Lahanan, Ukit
Bakun Hydroelectric, Lahmeyer International
against humanity.
CE Casecnan Water and Energy Co. Inc. (CE- Monsanto (U.S.)
Kovytka pipeline threatens communities that rely
(about 90 percent) has gravely injured 22,000 Ranching, logging interests, Forestal Paraná on hunting and fishing for livelihoods. Proposed x Pacific Islanders (Samoa)
off their lands near Lago Agrio near Texaco oil- Greenstone Resources Ltd (Canadian; now bank- farmers in northern Mexico who had depended (subsidiary of Shell Paraguay) and PROFOR S.A.
m Pemon, Karina o Jumma, Bawm, Khumi
(India), Indico (India), Balco/Sterlite (India)
State Gov’t of Orissa Bomer Ltd (Swiss-Malaysian) (Germany), Harza (U.S.), others b Hagahai CWECI) Local Governments in the Philippines Turkey pipeline area violates land designated as a
U.S. Private Research Group
field, hastening the Tetetes extinction. rupt), Entre Mares (owned by Glamis Gold, U.S.) on sales of this bean. Paraguay Gov’t Placer Dome, other Canadian mining companies Occidental (U.S.), Unocal (U.S.), Petrobangla, Cairn Indonesia Gov’t, IMF Malaysia Gov’t U.S. Gov’t/Nat’l Institutes of Health Philippines Gov’t, World Bank Ambiguous laws permitted Monsanto to carry out d h l Kurds Territory of Traditional Natural Resource Use.
General Mining Law, IMF (pressured Honduras Indigenous land occupied by export beef ranchers; Venezuela, Brazil Gov’ts Energy (U.K.), Shell (U.S.), Halliburton (U.S.)
Bauxite mine on sacred lands brings confronta-
tion between villagers, companies, and police. Rice self-sufficiency project has devastated peat- 9,000 members of the Kayan, Kenyah, Lahanan, Hagahai peoples subject of a patent application. The Casecnan Irrigation and Power Project forces trials of Bt corn in Isabela province in the Turkey Gov’t
Research group plans to develop an experimental
anti-HIV/AIDS compound from bark of the
Ecuador, Peru
to eliminate export tax on mining products.) logging companies illegally exporting wood. Electric infrastructure development threatens World Bank swamp forests and sparked deadly forest fires. Ukit, and Penan ethnic groups were forcibly reset- The patent was later abandoned, but the Hagahai indigenous people from ancestral lands. Northern Philippines in 2001. o Khanti
IMF-imposed General Mining Law (written by Mexico, Central lands with mining. Oil companies and foreign donors pressure gov-
2,100 families may lose their land.
Project was officially cancelled. But plans to turn tled from traditional lands in 1999 for Bakun Dam. cell line remains available to the public.
Southeast Anatolia Project would construct 22
dams and 19 hydroelectric plants which would Lukoil (Russia), various Samoan mamala tree.
o Achuar, Shuar, Quichua, Shiwiar, U.S. and Canadian companies) gives corporations
America b Naga over 1.3 million hectares to oil palm plantations d Ibaloi, Kankanaey and Russia Gov’t
Huaorani, Tagaeri power to petition for removal of indigenous peo- Peru o Warao ernment to export gas.
Private researchers are being developed. Transmigrants brought into t a Penan, Kayan, Kenyah, o a e t Imawe Bogasi, Kalanguya Saudi Arabia forcibly resettle thousands of Kurds and destroy
archaeological sites. Oil industry destroys rivers, forests, and sacred
m Picuris Pueblo (New Mexico)
Alberta Energy (Canada)
ples near mineral deposits. o mt a ls w z d r f l m h x Andean Citibank (U.S.), Conoco (U.S.), Louisiana Land o e w Jumma, Chakma, Marma, India Gov’t the area; Dayak communities have been left to Kelabit, Lahanan, Ukit Fasu, Foe and Kikori clans San Roque Power—consortium of Marubeni (Japan), o l Bedouin sites.
Oglebay Norton Speciality Minerals (U.S.)
(U.S.), Benton Oil & Gas (U.S.), British Petroleum Pueblo fighting against expansion of mica mine
Ecuador and Peru Gov’ts w l Maya Chorti
Maya and other indigenous peoples indigenous groups Tripura, Bawm, Mru, Lushai, Pankho, Naga misled about government-backed gathering cope with the impacts. Novelpac, Empressa, Rimbunan Hijau, Shin Yang, Chevron Niugini, BP (U.K.), Ampolex PNG, Merlin- Sithe Energies (U.S.), others Oil industry l o Kurds on their aboriginal lands.
Two new pipelines are planned to link oil fields in of Mesoamerica Newmont (U.S.), Condesa (Peru)
(U.K.), ARCO (U.S.), Norsk Hydro (Norway),
Khumi, Chak, Khiyang of their blood samples for human genome project. Rawood (all Malaysian) Pacific, BHP- Petroleum, others Philippines Gov’t, Japan Bank for International Saudi Arabia Gov’t Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Syria Gov’ts o Nenet
Ecuador with northern Peruvian pipeline. Pipe -
Large landowners Oil, mining, timber, agribusiness Phillips Petroleum (U.S.) m x l Dusun Malang, Dusun Malaysia Gov’t, Sarawak State Gov’t PNG Gov’t, World Bank Cooperation Development leads to abolishment of communal Kurdish people seeking autonomy have been Arktikmorneftegas (Russia), Arktikneft (Russia)
lines are part of Peruvian and Ecuadorian
Honduras Gov’t Mexico, U.S. Gov’ts; World Bank, Inter-
Peru Gov’t, International Finance Corp. Venezuela Gov’t Shell (U.S.), Texaco (U.S.), Cairn Energy PLC
d l Naika, Tadavi, Vasava, Bayan, Penyawung, Punan, Dohoi, Dayaks suffer brutality from government forces Petroleum project brings transmigration, indus- 2,000 Ibaloi families will be impacted by rights of tribal peoples to grazing land. pushed off their lands by state governments, in EBRD reviewing possible funding o Ponca Tribe (Oklahoma)
bi-national border development plan.
Chorti people fighting to protect land and envi- American Dev’t. Bank (IDB), Central American
Yanacocha gold mine forces indigenous peoples to Oil projects on ancestral lands result in loss of (Scotland), Unocal (U.S.), others
Others while defending their forests from logging, oil trial agriculture and logging to Lake Kutubu hydropower project; downstream residents will Oil and gas development threatens migratory Conoco (U.S.), Continental Carbon, Taiwan Cement
ronment are attacked by Honduran military. relocate to urban centers as pollution and loss of territorial rights, traditional knowledge, culture, Bangladesh Gov’t Dungari Bhil, Rathwa, Goval some cases because of their strategic location on Oil refinery and waste products dangerously
Dev’t Bank, NAFTA, Plan Puebla Panama (PPP) PT Indo Muro Kencana (owned by Aurora Gold of palm, and eucalyptus plantations. see erosion and destruction of fisheries. reindeer routes, pasturelands, and water quality.
The Plan Puebla Panama megaproject would dis-
water destroy traditional livelihoods. and delta ecosystems. Resources of Chittagong Hill Tribes usurped; World Bank, India Gov’t
Australia; Aurora is 35% owned by Rio Tinto)
wilderness. Citibank loans enabled Chevron to
drill development wells, install extensive field
Solomon Islands oil fields.
Shoddy pipeline construction has resulted in impacting environment and community health.
Guatemala Mexico place indigenous communities, force small farm- o Ashaninka, Nomatsiguenga,
transmigration of ethnic Bengali into the region Sardar Sarovar Dam potentially displaces 60,000
Indonesia Gov’t m Ifugao, Ibaloi, Kankanaey, m l e x Pacific Islanders frequent spills. Nenets people are interested in
f Fisherfolk ers into maquiladoras, and threaten areas of high
d Yekuana, Pemon, Waimiri- encouraged; army intimidates and terrorizes
Jumma people.
indigenous peoples. World Bank withdrew under
international pressure but India is proceeding. Ancestral lands have been taken over, villages
Myanmar facilities, and construct an 8-km pipeline.
Bugkalot, Gaddang Ross Mining (Australia) Vietnam ensuring standards. r Pueblo Indians (New Mexico)
Camarones S.A. (Camarsa), Pesca S.A.
o x Chontal Maya biodiversity from Mexico to Panama.
Yanesha Atoari, Karina, Arakawa, Akawaio, burned to the ground, rivers polluted by cyanide m t l Karen t a Maisin Climax Arimco Mining (Australia) The people of Guadalcanal have been forced off a l t Montangard, Jarai, Albuquerque City Gov’t
Pemex Consortium—Elf Aquitane Hydrocarbures Perou (Fr.), o Nenet Petroglyph Nat’l Monument, largest known unex-
Guatemala Gov’t
and Warao t Onge and heavy metals, and traditional miners harassed Ivanhoe Mines (Canada) Malaysian logging companies Philippines Gov’t their land for development projects. Ross Mining
Shrimp farming companies have closed access to
Mexico Gov’t, NAFTA
Nicaragua
Eurocan Venture (Bermuda), Anschutz Overseas
(U.S.), Great Western Resources (U.S.), Enterprise
Marubeni, Hitachi, Toshiba, Mitsubishi (Japan) Cambodia India Gov’t or killed. Human rights violations inflicted with State Peace and Development Council (Myanmar Forests clearcut for palm oil plantations. Indigenous peoples protests temporarily shut relocated 25 different settlements; accused of pol-
Bahnar, Ede
Nestle (Switzerland), Procter & Gamble (U.S.),
Gazprom (Russia), Fortun (Finland) reviewing cavated pueblo in the region, with more than
three hundred other archaeological sites, now
wetlands traditionally used by local fisherfolk.
In the Tabasco and Veracruz regions oil produc-
tion pollutes large areas of land belonging to o f Indigenous fishing
Oil Exploration (U.K.)
Venezuela, Brazil Gov’ts, Japan Export-Import
Bank, Andean Development Corp.
t a r Highlanders Large-scale logging threatens indigenous peoples. the support of the local military officials. Gov’t)
l t Wowoi Guavi
down CAMC in 2000. luting rivers with cyanide. Philip Morris (U.S.), Sara Lee (U.S.)
The Northern European gas pipeline, projected to
run 1,200 km from northern Russia to Germany threatened by plans for two commuter highways.
Mining and illegal logging prevents indigenous
d Maya Achí indigenous peoples, fisherfolk and farmers. Exploratory oil drilling destroys indigenous lands Expansion of power generation capacity and Vietnamese illegal loggers
t Onge, Adivasi, Jarawa, o e x Inanwatan, Soub, peoples from returning to their land. Logging companies f m Igorot t Pacific Islanders Vietnam Gov’t via the Baltic Sea, crosses Nenet homeland.
communities of the North and and protected reserves. related projects on indigenous lands bring Illegal logging by Vietnamese loggers for export; Export coffee plantations spread into highlands, m o Quechan Nation (Arizona)
Consorcio Lami (Cogefar—Italy, Lahmeyer— t c a v Huichol, South Atlantic coast of Nicaragua
increased mining, logging, and oil development. Highlanders rely on forest for survival. Settlers Gottikoyas, Jharkandis, others Wamesa, Uri, Irarutu, Simuri, PNG Gov’t Newmont (U.S.) Kumpulan Emas Group, Rimbunan Hijau, flattening forests and taking over indigenous land. o Nenet, Komi, Sel’kup Glamis Imperial Gold (Canada)
Canada), Impreglio (Italy), others
Tarahumara PETRAD (Norwegian) m t Mashco-Piro, Yoro, Ese’eje, moving in, oil palm plantations constructed. World Bank, India Gov’t Sebyar/Kamberam and Mbahan Myanmar, Thailand Forests Management Agreement grants logging Philippines Gov’t Golden Springs International, Marving Brothers
Benton Oil & Gas (U.S.), Gazprom (Russia) U.S. Gov’t
World Bank, Inter-American Development Bank,
Logging companies, ranchers
Nicaragua Gov’t Amahuaca Adivasi have suffered violent attacks by police as BP (U.K.), Pertamina (Indonesia) companies access to Wowoi Guavi peoples’ land, Heavy water use for mining leaves locals with (all Malaysian) d l Dao, Tay, Khanh Hoa, Oil and gas fields negatively impact the Nenets Gold mine and gas pipeline will destroy sacred
Guatemala Nat’l Inst. of Electrification Oil exploration threatens traditional fishing com- Venezuela, Brazil forest officials try to expel them from their home- Indonesia Gov’t o w l e Karen, Mon, despite their ardent opposition. inadequate drinking water and scarce irrigation Solomon Islands Gov’t
Villagers refuse to leave their ancestral lands for Indigenous groups face invasion of their lands by
munities.
ExxonMobil (pulled out in 2001), mahogany loggers
Peru Gov’t
China land. Natural gas fields developed to supply gas to Asia- Tavoyans, Chin for rice paddies. Logging and runoff by Malaysian companies
Hmong, Kinh
Vietnam Gov’t
people and reindeer herds. sites, and desert plants and animals essential to
construction of dam, leading to Guatemalan lumber companies and cattle ranchers. Culture is r Waimiri-Atoari, Satere-Mawe, d l Chinese peasants and Pacific markets, mainly India and China. Pollution Total (U.S.), Unocal (U.S.), Petroleum Authority of m Yonggom described as the worst seen in any tropical forest.
Quechan culture.
also threatened by tourism, industrial agriculture. t Mayangna (Sumu), Miskito
Forest communities threatened by mining and
Wai Wai, Karafawyana, Piriutiti l m x West Khasi Hills tribal BHP-Billiton (Australia/S.Africa), Inmet (Canada) m l Igorot, Bontoc, Ibaloi, Fragile coral reefs and sea life, the main source of
Gov’t plans hydropower dam on Gam River, o f Nivkh, Evenk, Uil’ta
army’s massacre of 400 Mayans. logging demand reversal of concessions. indigenous groups from the BP site devastates their shrimp, crab, Thailand Exploration & Production, Myanmar Oil & which would flood Na Hnag Nature Reserve and Sakhalin I: ExxonMobil (U.S.), SODECO (Japanese m Quechan Nation (California)
o t c w Lacandon Maya PRADA (formerly SOLCARSA Korea) Isol, others Financed by Morgan Stanley Dean Witter (U.S.), people fish, and mangrove resources on which their Gas, Halliburton (U.S.) PNG Gov’t, IMF Masadiit protein for the local people, was destroyed. 45 villages. consortium), Rosneft (Russia), ONGC Videsh Ltd. Newmont (U.S.)
a Maya, other indigenous groups IMF, IDB, Nicaragua Gov’t t o Mayoruna, Capanahuas WTK Group, Sam Ling, Rimbunan Hijau, and Solomon Smith Barney of Citigroup (U.S.), Chase Uranium Corporation of India livelihoods depend. State Peace and Development Council (Myanmar BHP announced its intention to end involvement Newmont (U.S.), RTZ Mining (U.K.), Newcrest Biodiversity, and diversity of cultures under Destruction of sacred areas, cyanide poisoning.
Monsanto (U.S.), Bayer (Germany) Mexico Gov’t, NAFTA, Plan Puebla Panama (PPP)
IMF changed investment laws to make it easier Malaysian logging companies Mingo (all Malaysian), Taboca Mining (Brazil) India Gov’t Gov’t) with Ok Tedi mine, due to protests against envi- (Australia), Benguet, Montanosa (majority-owned extreme threat. w l Tai, Hmong (India), Sakhalin II: Royal Dutch/Shell (U.K.),
Manhattan (U.S.), others
NAFTA, WTO Logging, cattle operations, oil exploration and
for foreign investors to access Nicaragua; they Logging and oil prospecting destroys Amazon Venezuela and Brazil Gov’ts, Andean World Bank, China Gov’t, export credit agencies Plan for uranium mine includes removal of 30,000 t a Mentawai Gas pipeline runs through indigenous communi- ronmental devastation. Filipino companies), others Vietnam Gov’t
Mitsui (Japan), Mitsubishi (Japan)
x Siberian Yupik (Alaska)
Many Central/South American countries encour- thousands of Mexican troops besiege the
have begun logging indigenous ancestral lands. forests. Development Corp. Citigroup (U.S.), Asia Pulp and Paper (Singapore), ties; Burma forced relocation of 11 Karen commu- Philippines Gov’t b Pacific Islanders 70,000 tons of drilling muds from Sakhalin oil
age the use of pesticides, including DDT. Lacondon jungle, comprising 50 percent of North Mercosur Highway cuts through indigenous reser-
of Switzerland, France, Germany and Canada
Three Gorges will be the largest dam in the world;
indigenous people; clan leaders refuse to leave.
Mining could pump radioactive material into PT PP London Sumatra (Indonesia) nities which resisted the project. Philippines Mining activities displace indigenous people from U.S. Dept of Commerce
Hoa Binh Dam reservoir displaced 58,000 people,
many of whom are indigenous peoples.
exploration have been discharged into the U.S. Military
Siberian Yupik suffer from high rates of cancer
America’s remaining tropical rainforest. m l Miskito, Mayangna Okhotsk Sea; unprecedented fish die-offs in the
Indigenous peoples from the entire region suffer
high incidences of cancers and other heretofore Recursos Nicaraguenses y Australianos S.A., Mars
t Nahua vations, parks, and ecological reserves. one million small farmers forcibly resettled. rivers that flow into Bangladesh. Indonesia Gov’t
Forests under threat from logging and palm oil t Aeta
ancestral lands, destroy sources of livelihood,
bring massive environmental damage.
Agency has filed patent claims on the cell lines of
indigenous peoples. Nivkh traditional fishing grounds. from toxic and industrial wastes left behind by
unknown diseases.
b Maya Geosciences (Australia), Nycon Resource (Canada)
Newman Lumber (U.S.), illegal loggers
plantations. Influx of workers further marginalize Nepal Philippines Gov’t, Asian Development Bank Yemen abandoned military base.
Quest Int’l (Netherlands) Illegal logging has taken more than 600,000 feet
Fiji Indonesia l e t Lumad, Mangyan, n o Saami
University of Minnesota
Nicaragua Gov’t of mahogany and cedar, depleted the wildlife on the Metawai. l t Chhetri People ADB projects restrict Aeta from traditional use of
Sri Lanka o Jahm, Murad, Bakeel Tribes Norilsk Nickel (Russia) and ONEK-SIM Bank poten- f Tlingit (Alaska)
Gold mining activity in Bosawas Reserve endan- w o l Acehnese forest resources without compensation or viable Tagbanwa
Guyana Patent granted on pozol, a traditional Mayan which Nahua livelihood depends, and threatened m Fijians m Molo Nepal Gov’t Hunt Oil (U.S.), ExxonMobil (U.S.) tial backers, Minatom (Ministry for Atomic Energy— Large-scale commercial fishing and corporate log-
r Akawaio, Arawak, Macushi, drink derived from fermented corn.
gers fresh water sources of indigenous commu-
nites.
community members.
o t e Nahua (Yora),
ASIA, OCEANIA Nittetsu-Nippon (Japan)
Fiji Gov’t
ExxonMobil (U.S.), PT Arun (Indonesia)
Indonesia Gov’t PT Karya Asta Aslam (Indonesia)
Gov’t of South Central Timor
Chhetri evicted from land to make way for Lake
Rara Nat’l Park.
alternatives.
h l Agta-Dumagat
Philppines Gov’t
Settlers, loggers, farms, and industrial develop-
ment push indigenous people off ancestral lands.
f x Fisherfolk
Commercial aquaculture companies
Sri Lanka Gov’t
Yemen Gov’t
Tribes protest lack of basic facilities in their com-
Russia)), oil industry.
European Union, Russia and Norway Gov’ts,
ging for export impact native livelihoods, sacred
sites, and land rights.
Patamona, Wapishana b Tzeltal, Tzotzil, Tojobal, Chol, l t Miskito, Rama, Sumu Proposed mine would impact 40 indigenous Militarization against indigenous peoples by munities, despite government and corporate UNESCO
Paranapanema (Brazil), Homestake Int’l Mining Kugapakori (Nanti), Kirineri, Yine, Australia states and corporations has resulted in environ- Marble is being quarried at two sacred mountains. National Power, through MADECOR firm (Phil.) Commercial aquaculture has destroyed lagoons, m Tohono O’odham (Arizona)
(U.S.), Omai Gold Mines Ltd. (Cambior subsidiary—
Zoque Timber, ranching interests Machiguenga
villages, threatening traditional practices and rich
regional biodiversity. mental degradation, destruction of indigenous
New Caledonia Philippines Gov’t m l Mamanua estuaries and mangrove forests for export shrimp
investment in oil exploration/drilling. Abandoned nuclear reactors, nuclear waste, aban-
doned submarines, and proposed nuclear dump Asarco (U.S.)
Canada), timber industry
Univ. of Georgia-Athens, The Colegio de la Frontera Nicaragua Gov’t, Plan Puebla Panama (PPP) Citigroup (financier) (U.S.), Pluspetrol (Argen.), o l Kauareg, Barada, Kaanja, cultures, and displacement of indigenous peoples.
o t x Nduga, Amungme m Kanak Hydroelectric project will submerge Dumagat Surigao Gold Mining (Philippines) production. After construction of shrimp farms, Mining on indigenous lands.
Sur (Mexico), Molecular Nature Ltd (Welsh) ancestral lands. Rush of mining companies to area displaces 20,000 traditional fisherfolk lost their livelihoods threatens Saami dependent on lands for subsis-
Brazil Gov’t, State Gov’t of Roraima, Guyana IMF structural adjustment programs force Hunt Oil (U.S.), SK Corp. (S. Kor.), others Bindal (Damal), Nakai (Asmat Keenok), INCO (Canada)
U.S. Gov’t tence. Oil and gas terminals also planned for the
Gov’t, Guyana Defence Force, IDB, EU, World Bioprospecting of Mayan medicinal plants and
Nicaragua to open up to natural-resource extrac- Peru Gov’t, U.S. Export-Import Bank, IDB Chevron (U.S.), Exxon-Mobil (U.S.), Oilsearch (PNG) India f m e Amungme, Dayak Sempan, others New Caledonia Gov’t, France Gov’t t Agta-Negritos
Mamanuas from their ancestral domains. and migrated to the city. Commercial shrimping
region. m h n Western Shoshone
tion by foreign companies. has also polluted drinking water.
Bank
New road part of Brazil’s infrastructure plan to
aid exports of Amazon resources.
traditional knowledge has been terminated after
mass opposition from indigenous groups. l f t Rama
Camisea gas project impacts territory of several
indigenous groups and could destroy pristine
tropical rainforest. Natural gas facility planned for
Papua New Guinea Gov’t (Mineral Resources
Dev’t Corp.), Queensland Gov’t
Chevron’s proposed gas pipeline would traverse
l a Chatisgarh
World Bank, India Gov’t
Freeport McMoRan (U.S.), Rio Tinto
(U.K./Australia)
Indonesia Gov’t
Conoco (U.S.)
Indonesia Gov’t
Oil exploration in UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
Indigenous peoples fight to stop large-scale nickel
mining. Corporations vie for world's largest and
richest laterite nickel reserves, threatening ancient
Foreign logging companies
Philippines Gov’t
t Mandaya
PICOP Resources (Philippines) l Wanniya-laeto (Veddah)
CANADA, o n Saami
Russia Gov’t, World Bank, IMF
(Nevada)
Newmont (U.S.), Nuclear power companies
U.S. Gov’t/Department of Energy
m Creole a Tzeltal, Tzotzil, Tojolabal,
Chol, Zoque, Mam, and other
C.I.N.N. (Consorcio del Canal Interoceanico de
Nic.); SIT-Global (Nicaragua)
Nicaragua Gov’t, PPP
export to U.S. Future roads will open region to
loggers and settlers.
the Kikori River Valley, Gulf of Papua, and the
Torres Straight to Cape York Peninsula. The region
Chatisgarh pushed off their land for giant steel
plant. World Bank insists on eliminating tradi-
tional rice growing for conversion to industrial
Amungme forcibly relocated to make way for
influx of outsiders; Indonesian army commits
has razed villages, logged forests, and polluted
rivers.
forests, coral reefs, and indigenous lands.
Foreign logging companies linked to the govern-
ment ravage forests.
Philippines Gov’t
Company has been logging illegally since 1995.
Mandayas face military retaliation to protests.
Sri Lanka Gov’t
Aboriginal people expelled from Madura Oya
National Park by government’s Mahaweli
EUROPE, Russian and foreign corporations aggressively
pursue fishing and other rights in traditional
Gold and copper mining contaminate water,
destroy sacred sites. Nuclear weapons testing;
Omai Gold Mines, a joint venture of Cambior
SIBERIA, U.S.
is a key biodiversity conservation area and bisects human rights violations. high-level nuclear waste dump on indigenous
(Canada) and Golden Star Resources (U.S.)
indigenous groups Proposed canal would cut through Rama tradi- large number of Aboriginal lands.
agriculture of exotic fruits and vegetables for o e t Sakai New Zealand m Alangan, Tadyawan Development Programme. Saami areas.
lands.
Grupo Pulsar (Mexico), Planfosur (U.S.), others tional lands and disrupt subsistence activities. Peru, Andean countries export..
a l Banjarese, Dayak Temuan CREW Minerals Philippines t Mangyan groups
World Bank, Guyana Gov’t
World Bank, IMF, NAFTA, FTAA, PPP
PT Caltex (jointly owned by Chevron & Texaco) a Maori Philippines Gov’t o Selkuti, Khanti
In 1995, the Omai tailings pond spilled millions of b e Quechua, Aymara m Adnyamathanha Aborigines f Jarawa and Melayu Raiu Provincial Gov’t New Zealand Gov’t
Oriental Wood Product
Thailand z Yakama Nation, Klickitat
gallons of wastewater contaminated with cyanide Large eucalyptus and African-palm plantations in r f e Karata (Miskito) Appropriate Engineering and Manufacturing (U.S.) Heathgate Resources (U.S.) CDC (British private investment agency), PT Agro Timber extraction and transmigration results in Communities strongly oppose CREW’s plan to Philippines Gov’t Canada/NW Territories Yukos Oil (Russia)
(Washington)
Foreign fishing fleets The Maoris campaign fervently against genetic
and heavy metals; poison found its way to the southern Mexico produce genetically engineered Delasa L.C. (U.S.) Australia Gov’t Indomas (owned by Sri Lankan Carson conflict between Caltex and the Sakai peoples. start mining operations. Philippines government permits logging on the t l Akha, Karen, Hmong, other Oil project will stretch through wetlands in area
Enron (U.S.)
Essequibo River which serves as the source of fish seedlings. Nicaragua Gov’t, PPP Patent granted on an Andean popping bean to
Recurrent radioactive liquid spills from Beverly
India Gov’t
Cumberbatch)
engineering; they declare Aotearoa as “Nuclear whole island of Mindoro. hilltribes t Cree inhabited by indigenous groups who have not
U.S. Gov’t
and drinking water for indigenous Creole and Proposed megaport on indigenous land in Puerto U.S. food processing company. Local fish stocks threatened by government’s Deep m r f x Simpang Empat and GE Free Nation.” t Ata-Manobo Thailand Gov’t-Royal Thai Forestry Department U.S.-Canada Softwood Lumber Agreement, been informed of project, nor of their rights asso-
Amerindian communities.
a Yaqui Nation Cabezas would impact fishing industry and cause
uranium mine. Sea Fishing Policy, which promotes foreign Plantation has destroyed tropical forest, depriving
up to 1,000 people of their land and primary Sumpol people Alcantara and Sons (Phil.) m Mansaka Royal Thai Forestry Department relocates commu- Canada Gov’t, WTO ciated with development in their region. Yakama Nation opposes wind farm in sacred areas.
Agro-chemical companies displacement, transmigration. Peru, Brazil m Waanyi, Gungalida investors to the detriment of local peoples.
PT Arutmin (majority owned by BHP-Billiton) Pakistan Philippines Gov’t Echo Bay Mines (U.S.), Toronto Ventures (Pacific) nities to make way for forest plantations. 60% of Quebec softwood comes from forests on Threatens fishing economy.
m Zuni Pueblo (New Mexico)
l m Wai Wai, Wapishana, Mexican Rural Bank, NAFTA, WTO means of support. Ata-Monobos people opposing tree plantation Inc., and Benguet Mining (Philippines) Cree lands; logging impacts 4,000 Cree subsis-
Pesticides, including DDT, have been found in the r t Poyanawa, Kaxinawa, Pasminco (Australian, bought mine from RioTinto) l v Jarawa, Sentinelese Building and use of haul roads that transport coal t o Forest dwellers project have been targets of military attack. Philippines Gov’t h x Fisherfolk tence hunters. m t l v Shor, Teleut Altai Salt River Project (Arizona electric utility)
Macushi, Akawaio (Kapon), Arecuna
bodies of the Yaqui Peoples throughout their Panama Katukina, Shanenawa, Kulina, Century mine will become the world’s largest zinc India Gov’t d l Bauzi/West Papua from the mining location to the stockpile impact- Premier Oil (U.K) Kingking Project on 1,656 hectares of Mansaka Mining, timber companies Catron County Gov’t
producer, though it has been strongly opposed by Indonesia Gov’t ing local communities. Rivers polluted from Asian Development Bank, Overseas Economic Zunis fight proposed coal-strip mine that could
(Pemon) traditional lands. m t r Emberá-Wounan, Jaminawa unions and local Aboriginal people.
Isolated tribes face sudden influx of tourists and
wastewater no longer provide shrimp and fish.
Pakistan Gov’t m l B’laan ancestral land has been prone to flashfloods since Cooperation Fund (Japan), Thailand Gov’t d l Cree Russia Gov’t
drain the Zuni Salt Lake, a sacred religious site.
Vannessa Ventures (Canada), Golden Star Resources settlers who poach game Jarawa depend upon. Mamberamo Dam project expected to force relo- Oil exploration threatens Kirthar National Park.
(U.S.) a Zapotec, others Kuna, Teribe, Ngobe-Bugle Maple Gas (U.S.), Oderbrecht and Andrade
cation of indigenous groups in the area. Illegal timber smuggling terrorizes forest dwellers.
Western Mining Corporation (Australia)
Philippines Gov’t
mining began. Local villages are concerned that effluents from Manitoba Hydro
Manitoba State Gov’t
Export coal, iron, gold, and timber industries
greatly alter traditional ways of life. Land set aside
Western Keltic Mines, Tiomin Resources, Inmet Gutierrez (Brazilian construction companies) l m Mirrar Aborigines m Jharkand tribal people proposed wastewater plant will damage the
World Bank, Guyana Gov’t ADM (U.S.), Cargill (U.S.) State Gov’t of Acre (Brazil), Peru Gov’t, Japan m t l Bungku, Dongi, Japan 7,000 B’laan in 14 villages in Columbio, Sultan m l Pala’wan Manitoba Hydro diverts flow of Churchill River; for traditional use is currently under threat, as
Printed on recycled paper
Gold and diamond exploration desecrates ances- Mining, (all Canadian) Energy Resources of Australia (subsidiary of Rio Uranium Corporation of India v r Kalasha coastal ecosystem and livelihoods that support
U.S. Gov’t, NAFTA Gov’t, World Bank, IDB (last two no longer Kudarat will be displaced by new government- Fenway Resources (Philippines), Central Palawan 3.3 million acres of Cree lands become unusable. large deposits of phosphorus have been discovered.
tral territories. Genetic contamination has been found in maize .
Panama Gov’t
involved)
Tinto) Atomic Energy Dept. of India Bahumotefe d l Ainu Pakistan Gov’t backed mining operations. Mining and Industrial (Philippines)
20,000 people.
Industrial logging, road construction, and mining Australia Gov’t Radiation from uranium mines in the Jharkand Inco/PT Inco (Canada) Japan Gov’t Opening of territory to modernization and
Highway project impacts indigenous groups and Philippines Gov’t
have brought environmental degradation, affect- Proposed mine would result in millions of tons of tribal belt of India linked to genetic mutation and Indonesia Gov’t Nibutani Dam, completed in 1996, inundated tourism has marginalized Kalasha people in their
protected areas; new port development would Proposed cement plant complex in an area of
ing indigenous groups. radioactive waste stored at the mine. life-threatening health disorders among thirty INCO has seized indigenous lands for open pit lands of Ainu in Hokkaido. Sacred sites and dam- own homeland.
increase logging. ancestral homelands totalling 15,000 hectares.
indigenous tribes. mining. Forest destruction, flooding, and involun- age to ecosystem of the Saru River (the cradle of Pala’wan people protest.
Ainu culture) obliterated.
tary settlement/transmigration will result.