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Artculo de Revisin
Hinchazn/distensin funcional.
Un enfoque prctico
Edith Prez de Arce O.
Servicio de
Gastroenterologa,
Functional abdominal bloating/ distension. A practical approach Laboratorio
de Motilidad y
Trastornos Digestivos
Although abdominal bloating and distension are frequent symptoms, they are considered a challenge in Funcionales, Hospital
Clnico Universidad de
medical practice. Treatment alternatives with varying efficacy levels, associated to the lack of knowledge Chile, Santiago, Chile.
about this problem, generate difficulties in the doctorpatient relation, and patients frustration and anxiety.
Advances in understanding their etiopathogenetic factors have lead treatment of these patients towards a Recibido: 11 de abril
de 2017
personalized approach. The purpose of the article is to provide a brief description about abdominal bloating Aceptado: 21 de
and distension, and ultimately give a practical approach of this condition. mayo de 2017
Key words: Abdominal bloating; abdominal distension, Roma IV. Correspondencia a:
Dra. Edith Prez de
Arce Oate
Introduccin Epidemiologa
Es habitual que nos refiramos al concepto de hin- El bloating o hinchazn abdominal es un sntoma
chazn y distensin abdominal como sinnimos, sin digestivo altamente frecuente, presente entre 15,9% y
embargo, existen diferencias llamativas. La hinchazn 30% de la poblacin general, siendo ms referido en
(bloating, en ingls), se refiere a la sensacin subjetiva mujeres con una relacin de 2:14-6. Si bien no consti-
de plenitud abdominal sin aumento de la circunferen- tuye causa de mortalidad, ms de 50% de las perso-
cia abdominal; mientras que el trmino distensin nas con hinchazn reportan un significativo impacto
hace referencia a un aumento objetivo del contorno negativo en su calidad de vida5,6. Adems, es un sn-
abdominal1. Si bien los mecanismos no estn del todo toma prevalente en sujetos con trastornos digestivos
dilucidados, en la hinchazn subyace la hipersensibili- funcionales (TDF), y se ha descrito hasta en 76% en
dad visceral, mientras que en la distensin abdominal, pacientes con SII1, sin constituir ste un sntoma que
se desencadena un reflejo visceromotor que afecta el forme parte de sus criterios diagnsticos7.
tono muscular de la pared abdominal y diafragma1,2.
Hinchazn y distensin abdominal no siempre van
asociados; de hecho, un interesante estudio demostr Definicin criterios Roma IV
que en pacientes con sndrome de intestino irritable
(SII) con hinchazn, aproximadamente 50% de los De acuerdo a los criterios establecidos por la
casos se acompa de distensin abdominal, princi- Fundacin Roma IV para TDF7 se ha definido el
palmente el subtipo SII con constipacin3. diagnstico de hinchazn/distensin funcional como
S 35
Enfrentamiento de la hinchazn/distensin funcional - E. Prez de Arce O.
Artculo de Revisin
Artculo de Revisin
Artculo de Revisin
Figura 1. Algoritmo de enfrentamiento sugerido para el manejo de la hinchazn/distensin. TTC: terapia cognitivo conductual; SII-C: sndrome de intestino irritable
constipado; FODMAPs: hidratos de carbono poco absorbibles, altamente fermentables.
Artculo de Revisin
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