D evelopmental pathology

Developmental pathology
R: Chapter 12
H: Chapters 236, 238
Left-to-right shunts (FA12 p292) (FA13 p265)
Atrial septal defect (FA12 p292) (FA13 p265) (SU13 p86)
Ventricular septal defect (FA12 p292) (FA13 p265, 266) (SU13 p86)
Patent ductus arteriosus (FA12 p293) (FA13 p267) (SU13 p86)
Eisenmenger syndrome (FA12 p292) (FA13 p266)
Coarctation of the aorta (FA12 p293) (FA13 p266) (SU13 p86)
Disorders associated with cardiac malformations (FA12 p294) (FA13 p267)
Right-to-left shunts (FA12 p292) (FA13 p265)
Transposition of the great vessels (FA12 p293) (FA13 p267) (SU13 p86)
Ebstein anomaly
Tetralogy of Fallot (FA12 p292) (FA13 p266) (SU13 p86)

3 QUESTION WARM-UP
1. What germ layer gives rise to each of the following adult structures? (FA12 p126)
(FA13 p505)
Retina

2
Salivary glands
Pancreas
Muscles of the abdominal wall
Thymus
Spleen
Aorticopulmonary septum
Anterior pituitary
Posterior pituitary
Bones of the skull
Cranial nerves

2. What are the clinical uses for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th generation cephalosporins?
(FA12 p206) (FA13 p178) (GG p1497)
1st: PEK plus G+

2nd: HEN PEKS plus G+ cocci

3rd serious gram neg, pseudomonas, n gonno
4th: g+ and g-
3. What are the classic symptoms of carcinoid syndrome?
(FA12 p331) (FA13 p304) (SU13 p30) (R p787) (H p3062)
B
F
D
R
4. Ebstein anomaly
Associated with maternal lithium use

regurg or stenosis
80% have a patent foramen ovale with a R to L shunt
Dilated right atrium causing increased risk of SVT and WPW
Physical exam: widely split S2, tricuspid regurgitation
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 D evelopmental pathology

CardiovasCular
END OF SESSION QUIZ
5. What is the most common congenital cardiac anomaly? (FA12 p292) (FA13 p265) (SU13 p86)
VSD

6. What are the components of the tetralogy of Fallot? (FA12 p292) (FA13 p266) (SU13 p86)
Pulm. Stenosis
RVH shaped heart
Overriding aorta
VSD

7. Explain how the great vessels are attached in a transposition of the great vessels.
(FA12 p293) (FA13 p266) (SU13 p86)
LV attaches to PULM trunk
RV attaches to Aorta

2
8. A 45-year-old man presents with a BP of 160/90 on the right arm and 170/92 on
the left arm. There are no palpable pulses in the feet/ankle. What problem does
this patient most likely have?
POstductal coarctation of aorta

Aorta to pulm. artery causing a left to right shunt

10. What heart defect is associated with each of the following disorders?
(FA12 p294) (FA13 p267)
Chromosome 22q11 deletions truncus arteriosus and ToF
Down syndrome endocardial cushion defect
Congenital rubella PDA or pulm artery stenosis
Turner syndromecoarctation of aorta
Marfan syndrome aortic insufficiency

RapiD FiRe Facts

Continuous machinery-like heart murmur PDA
Boot-shaped heart ToF or possibly RVH
Rib notching coarctation of aorta
Most common congenital cardiac anomaly VSD
Most common congenital cause of early ToF
cyanosis

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