New Beattie Fellows
selected page 4
Spring 2006 Volume 19, Number 1
Review of imperiled flora launched
CPC begins unprecendented, comprehensive examination of species
To run a successful retail
business, owners need to
keep track of their inventory.
Their practice of “taking
stock” has been co-opted by
society to mean assessing
where we stand and deciding
how to move forward.
Cornell joins
CPC as 34th
institution
Cornell Plantations has
joined the Center for Plant
Conservation as its 34th
participating institution
The Plantations is
composed of the arboretum,
botanic garden and natural areas
of Cornell University.
Plantations was founded in 1944
by the great botanist Liberty
Hyde Bailey. The grounds
encompass more than 4,000
acres on 50 biologically diverse
sites, showcasing representative
ecological communities of the
Cayuga Lake basin, including
many rare types. These
communities include bogs, fens,
gorges, glens, meadows,
woodlands, and other valuable
communities and features.
Please see Cornell, Page 3
Conservation
CPC and NatureServe
are collaborating in“taking
stock” of the condition of
imperiled plant species by
launching an unprecedented
and comprehensive review
of nearly 900 species
regulated under the
Ann Kelly, an intern with Cornell Plantations Natural Areas, wears
a global positioning unit while monitoring a population of American
globeflower.
Recovering America’s
1 Vanishing Flora
www.centerforplantconservation.org
Meet the Network: Bill
Brumback page 5
Endangered Species Act.
Participating institutions
across the country have
been asked to assist in a
wide-ranging collection and
evaluation of existing data
on plants federally listed as
endangered or threatened to
update NatureServe and
state heritage program
databases.
The goal of the Recovery
on Public Lands project is to
help determine how many
populations of each species
Please see Project, Page 13
Plant Conservation
Alliance cooperators
meet in St. Louis
Nearly 40 participants
gathered in St. Louis for a
November meeting of the
Plant Conservation
Alliance.
PCA is a public-private
partnership of groups
working to protect native
plants. Eleven federal
agencies and more than
240 non-federal groups
work together to maintain,
enhance and restore native
plant populations. The
non-federal cooperators
represent several different
groups, such as botanic
gardens, universities, state
agencies, educational
groups, businesses,
professional societies,
trade associations, native
Please see PCA, Page 3
Director’s Letter:
Dear Friends and
Colleagues,
In the last few
months the
media have been
full of issues that
affect plant
conservation.
The New York Times published an
editorial raging against the idea that
invasive species are a problem. Or if it
is, denial that the way horticulturists use
plant material might be contributing to
it, or that any change is needed. (Sigh.)
Time and Newsweek published cover
stories on Global Warming and its
threat to our ecosystem. (Hurrah!) But
some local news magazines on radio
and elsewhere picked up once again on
the idea that this is not a proven
phenomenon. (Sigh.)
Editorials have appeared in the
Chicago Tribune and Denver Post about
needing good science to help us manage
our greatest national treasure…our
public lands. (Hurrah.) But new
regulatory exclusions from usual
environmental reviews for production
of oil and gas from public lands have
been promulgated. (Sigh.) I attended
a meeting of seed producers honestly
questioning whether we need to worry
about local ecotypes in native plant
restoration work—questioning whether
there was really any good evidence that
ecotypes exist and influence
revegetation success, and legitimately
concerned about the need to change
business practices. (Sigh.)
And so it goes. The public—good
people everywhere who really want to
do the right thing, who really do want
to provide for our future—is getting a
barrage of mixed messages about issues
critical to their future prosperity. It
makes me worry. It makes me crazy. It
makes me angry.
It also makes me grateful.
Grateful for CPC’s science-based
approach and our efforts to spread
good science and information across
the botanical institutions of our
country. Knowing that this program
has credible science leadership in all
these institutions on hand to respond
and help their communities sort
through these issues, and others, is
a comfort. In fact, it’s the wellspring
of my great hope and optimism for
the future.
Grateful for our ability to step up
quickly and easily to partner with the
Missouri Botanical Garden and serve
as the webmaster for the web site on
the voluntary codes of conduct for
invasive species, and that we expanded
it this year to add a web directory of
resources on invasive species by state
and topic. We have information
available for every state to help people
find credible information and ways to
take positive action. We have a needed
response and can offer support. You can
go to www.mobot.org/invasives to
learn more.
Please see Letter, Page 12

Board of Trustees Harvard University Botanical Garden Warren L. Wagner, Ph.D.

Polly H. Pierce, Chair The Berry Botanic Garden University of Washington Christina Walters, Ph.D.
Kathryn L. Kennedy, Ph.D., Brooklyn Botanic Garden Botanic Gardens George Yatskievych, Ph.D.
President and Executive Chicago Botanic Garden Waimea Valley Audubon Center National Office Staff
Director Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Affiliate Institution St. George Kathryn L. Kennedy, Ph.D.,
Emmy White Seymour, Secretary Garden Village Botanic Garden President and Executive Director
Hooker Talcott Jr., TreasurerCornell Plantations Science Advisory Council Bruce Rittenhouse, Conservation
Anne Foreman Barnes Denver Botanic Gardens Barbara A. Schaal, Ph.D., Chair Programs Manager
Robert Breunig, Ph.D. Desert Botanical Garden Marie Bruegmann Maria Bradford, Development
Patricia R. Bush Fairchild Tropical Botanical Michele R. Dudash, Ph.D. Manager
Ann Coburn Garden John J. Fay, Ph.D. Paul Groenier, Conservation
Paul Alan Cox, Ph.D. Harold L. Lyon Arboretum Gary Knight Information Coordinator
David DeKing Historic Bok Sanctuary Tiffany Knight, Ph.D. Mark F. Barnett, Communications
Julia Bissell Leisenring The Holden Arboretum Richard Koske, Ph.D. Coordinator
Jonathan Loring Honolulu Botanical Gardens Eric S. Menges, Ph.D. Volunteers
Andrew S. Love Jr. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Clifford Morden, Ph.D. Lois Batchelder, Marie Bergmann,
John McPheeters Center Larry E. Morse, Ph.D. Lori Calcaterra, Nada Granberry,
Ladeen M. Miller Mercer Arboretum and Botanic Peggy Olwell Benjamin Kennedy, David
Sara Oldfield Gardens Bruce Pavlik, Ph.D. Kennedy, Jean Mays, Mary Serbi,
C.W. Eliot Paine Missouri Botanical Garden Jackie Poole Sue Slivka, Kathy White, Patrick
Janet Meakin Poor The Morton Arboretum Vincent Tepedino, Ph.D. White
Edward Schneider, Ph.D. National Tropical Botanical
Jocelyn Sladen Garden The Center for Plant Conser- Telephone: (314) 577-9450
Mary Ann Streeter New England Wild Flower vation is a national not-for-profit E-mail: cpc@mobot.org
Frank Thibodeau Society organization hosted by the Mis- Website:
William A. Truslow, Esq. The New York Botanical Garden souri Botanical Garden in St. Louis www.centerforplantconservation.org
Peter S. White, Ph.D. The North Carolina Arboretum and governed by an independent
Peter Wyse Jackson, Ph.D. North Carolina Botanical Garden board of trustees. Plant Conservation is published quarterly. If
Peter Ashton, Ph.D., Trustee Rancho Santa Ana Botanic A network of 34 botanical gar- you’d like to reproduce any newsletter mate-
Emeritus Garden dens and arboreta, the Center’s rial please contact CPC at (314) 577-9450
Participating Institutions Red Butte Garden and mission is to conserve and restore or cpc@mobot.org. Or mail requests to CPC,
Amy B.H. Greenwell Arboretum the rare native plants of the United P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166.
Ethnobotanical Garden Regional Parks Botanic Garden States.
The Arboretum at Flagstaff San Antonio Botanical Garden
This newsletter is printed on recycled
Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Santa Barbara Botanic Garden paper with soy ink.
The Arnold Arboretum of University of California

Plant Conservation, Spring 2006 2

Cornell
Continued from page 1
“Cornell Plantations is delighted to join
the CPC and feels that as part of this network
we will enhance our ability to protect rare
and endangered species in our region,” said
Dr. Don Rakow, director of Plantations.
“We look forward to learning from other
CPC members and to sharing knowledge
American
that we have gained over the years.” globeflower
The Plantations’ 14 botanical (Trollius laxus
collections celebrate the relationship ssp. laxus)
between plants, people, and the natural grows in the
natural areas
environment. Specialized tree collections of Cornell
in the 150 acre arboretum include Plantations.
chestnuts, conifers, flowering crab apples, Trollius laxus
oaks, maples, and urban trees. is historically
found in
The natural areas are used to teach wetlands from
the university about natural history and Ohio, New
for recreation, inspiration and relaxation. Jersey, New
York,
“We’re delighted to have Cornell Pensylvania
Plantations in the network,” said Kathryn and
Kennedy, CPC’s executive director. Connecticut.
“They represent an institution with a
Photo courtesy
leading reputation in ecology and of Cornell
conservation, and we look forward to Plantations
working with the staff and the scientists
who advise their institution.”
Nancy Ostman, director of natural
areas for Plantations, is serving as
CPC’s conservation officer at Cornell.

PCA focused on three different types of native

Continued from page 1
plant societies and garden clubs.
The November meeting was a
conference organized around public and
private efforts to increase the availability
of native plant materials for restoration and
landscaping uses. Attendees heard an
update on the Native Plant Materials
Development program. This federal
interagency project is a partnership
between the Department of Interior’s
Bureau of Land Management and the
Department of Agriculture’s U.S. Forest
Service to help improve the diversity,
quality and quantities of native plant
materials available for restoration work on
public lands. Discussions were also held
in group sessions with federal and non-
federal cooperators to explore needs and
ideas to further the availability of native
plant materials nationwide. The sessions
plant material use: small scale, commercial
and landscape level. Attendees were able
to share what they would like from PCA
and what they have to offer to advance
the PCA mission.
CPC public policy intern Megan
Haidet, a master’s student from Bard
College in New York, coordinated the
conference. She conducted and analyzed
a pre-conference survey designed to gain
information about availability and
awareness of native plant materials for
landscaping and restoration among
different communities. The survey also
gauged the status and awareness among
respondents about PCA, its working
groups, web site and support resources,
and priorities for future work to further
native plant conservation.
The work of PCA is accomplished by
two committees and four working groups.
A federal committee is composed of
members from the federal government. A
non-governmental organization committee
draws its members from the other groups
involved in PCA. The four working groups
focus on alien plants, restoration, medicinal
plants and public outreach.
In a post-conference session non-federal
cooperators discussed ideas and priorities
for their unique role in helping advance
PCA and native plant conservation for the
nation.
PCA federal members and NGO
cooperators last met in 1999 at the Lady
Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. New
faces at the St. Louis meeting brought
fresh perspectives to the group, and
participants left with a renewed sense
of camaraderie and ideas for future
participation. Further information
about the survey, the PCA meeting, and
ongoing work will be generated by
CPC later this year and disseminated
by PCA.

3 www.centerforplantconservation.org
Beattie scholars chosen for 2005-06
Two graduate students who will
examine imperiled species from North
Carolina have been chosen as the 2006
Catherine H. Beattie Fellowship
winners.
Shannon C.K. Straub, a doctoral
candidate at Cornell University, will
study the taxonomic status of two rare
subspecies of Amorpha georgianus.
Straub will collect samples from North
Carolina and determine the degree of
differentiation between populations
through gene mapping software. “The
questions surrounding the taxonomic
status of the two varieties and their
rarity make this an appropriate system
for a conservation genetics study; the
results of which can be used to
determine if these two taxa (A.
georgiana var. georgiana and A.
georgiana var. confusa) are distinct
species,” Straub writes in her proposal.
Sarah Marcinko, a master’s student
at the University of North Carolina-
Chapel Hill, will examine the extent of
water fluctuations on Ptilimnium
nodosum, also known as Harperella, a
federally listed plant with 13 remaining
populations. Marcinko intends to
measure the plant’s “response to
flooding along a gradient of increasing
duration and frequency.” In her
proposal for the fellowship, Marcinko
writes “my results will allow managers
to make predictions about the short-
and long-term persistence of P.
nodosum given different hydrological
scenarios.”
The 2005 Beattie fellowship
winners were graduate students from
Georgia Southern University and
Florida International University.
Reports on their studies are due soon,
and will be featured in future issue of
Plant Conservation.
John Geiger, a doctoral student at
Florida International University,
studied the Florida state listed vine
lpomoea microdactyla across its global
distribution in a fragmented population
in pine-rockland habitat in Miami-Dade
County, Fla., eastern Cuba and Andros
Island in the Bahamas. He conducted
studies of the ecology, population
biology, and genetics of this species.
He was to assess the viability these
populations using data that is not
usually incorporated into these studies,
such as ecological disturbance, genetic
variation and Allee effect, which are
habitat components that direct
conservation efforts.
Jacob Thompson, a master ’s
student at Georgia Southern University,
studied the impacts of white-tailed deer
herbivory and invasive Lonicera
japonica on the population dynamics
of Trillium reliquum, a perennial herb
found primarily in relatively
undisturbed mesic hardwood forests. It
is restricted to 21 populations in the
Please see Beattie, Page 13

Invasive’s impact, While these mints

reproduction may not be curiously
focus of study Heckel
strong, the research is
By Christopher Heckel By Christine Edwards
2004 Catherine H. Beattie Fellow 2004 Catherine H. Beattie Fellow

Invasive species are widely recognized as one of the great-
est threats to biodiversity in natural systems. Populations of
native species can be negatively impacted by invasive spe-
cies. Invaders can displace the native plants, compete for
resources like light, soil nutrients and pollinators, and may
reduce the size of the native plants. These factors may have
even greater effects on populations of rare species that may
already be at risk due to man-made changes to habitat. My
study examined the population dynamics and reproductive
success of relict trillium (Trillium reliquum), and the local
plant community composition in habitats varying in their
degree of encroachment by two invasive vine species, kudzu
(Pueraria montana) and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera
japonica).
Relict trillium, native to Alabama, Georgia and South
Carolina, is one of two federally endangered species of tril-
lium. It is a long-lived spring ephemeral estimated to have a
lifespan of 20 years or greater.
Please see Heckel, Page 7
For my dissertation research, I am investi-
gating evolutionary relationships, population
genetics, morphological variation, and geo-
graphic variation in a group of rare mints that Edwards
are endemic to the southeastern United States.
I am also interested in the use of genetic information to de-
velop and implement responsible reintroduction or restora-
tion plans for the endangered species in these mints, which
may be applicable to other species. This group is the genus
Conradina, of which four of the six described species are
on the federal endangered and threatened species list. Also
included in my study are the related genera Clinopodium,
Piloblephis, Dicerandra, and Stachydeoma. Hereafter, I will
refer to this group as the “Southeastern mint group.”
The first step of my project was to construct an evolu-
tionary tree of the Southeastern mint group using DNA se-
quences. By comparing DNA sequences from different spe-
cies, we can use shared DNA characteristics to group re-
Please see Edwards, Page 7

Plant Conservation, Spring 2006 4

Meet the Network:

Brumback a late bloomer

Name: Bill Brumback lot of discussions about
Position: Conservation relative merits of ex
Director, New England situ and in situ conser-
Wild Flower Society vation work. I knew
that in situ was where
CPC presents its “Star we were headed, but
Award” to someone who that ex situ had a role
demonstrates the concern, to play, and we were
cooperation and personal doing a lot of rare plant
investment needed to con- propagation. So we’ve
serve our native plants. been working with
Bill Brumback is one CPC for years.
of those people. He re-
ceived the award at Tell us about some
CPC’s annual meeting in of the long-stand-
April at Austin, Texas. A ing local projects
dedicated conservation you’re involved in.
botanist, Bill has been a In 1990 we started
leader in plant conserva- the New England Plant
tion in the Northeast for Conservation Program
many years. He has spear- based loosely on the
headed innovative pro- CPC model but orga-
grams to coordinate con- nized around state task
servation, and the first forces. We took this on
plant species to be re- to play a role in protect-
moved from the federal ing the rare species
endangered species list throughout New En-
was restored under his gland. When we started
watch. His work makes a that, it became imme-
difference around the diately apparent that
country as other pro- we needed a combina-
grams follow the models tion of ex-situ and in-
he established. Read on to situ work: we needed
find out more about the people surveying the
wealth of experience and wild, understanding
knowledge that Bill what was happening in
brings to the CPC net- the field, and backing
work. New England Wild Flower Society/Lisa Mattei that up with work in the
How did you get your Bill Brumback has been a long-time leader in plant conservation in the laboratory or green-
start in conservation Northeast in his role at the New England Wild Flower Society. house. This includes
botany? the work of profession-
I actually came late to als, who meet in task
this field. After college, I ended up in dangered plant species programs. forces to discuss issues going on in their
Holland working in the bulb fields. I After grad school, in June of 1980, I state, and also, since 1997, lay people
came back to the U.S. in 1973 as a was hired by NEWFS as a propagator. volunteers who do similar work. Ulti-
propagator for a wholesale nursery, and I was supposed to work on growing mately, this adds up to 12,000 conser-
I started taking classes because I got so plants for sale and for the garden, and vation actions a year. Most recently, we
interested in horticulture. I finished my to research native plants and endan- received a grant to write conservation
MS in horticulture at the University of gered species. About that time Don Falk plans for the species in this program,
Delaware through Longwood Gardens’ and Frank Thibodeau were starting the as well as a five-year grant to write
graduate program, with a thesis on en- idea for CPC, and at first there were a
Please see Brumback, Page 6

5 www.centerforplantconservation.org
Brumback but now invasive species are
m o r e o n p e o p l e ’s m i n d . T h a t
How do you spread the word
about the need to conserve at-
Continued from page 1 goes along with the emphasis risk native flora?
now on managing habitat. The I find that people here in the North-
checklists and keys for the entire flora. main threat to imperiled native east are very concerned with natural re-
plants has always been habitat sources, and we have good re-
How do you spread out lationships with a lot of pri-
all of that work? vate landowners; there is an
environmental ethic. So it’s
My workdays really differ not hard to show people that
from summer to winter. About native plants are important for
nine months of the year I air and water and the environ-
spend administering these ment, but it’s more difficult to
programs, getting funding, talk about a specific endan-
writing reports, attending gered species. It doesn’t seem
meetings, and managing the like one species is going to
department of four full-time make a difference. But I stress
employees and some fellows. that we’re looking at losing
But then in the summer I’m our heritage, losing things be-
out looking at plants. I have fore we understand them. It’s
the best of both worlds in a lot like an airplane – you take a
of ways. Of course the fun part couple rivets out it’s still go-
is getting out there and work- ing to hang on, but how many
ing with the plants, such as can you remove? For me it’s
Robbin’s cinquefoil (Poten- really a philosophical and ethi-
tilla robbinsiana), which was cal consideration: these plants
recently removed from the are species just like we are;
federal endangered species list they’re pretty neat organisms
thanks to restoration work, or in their own right; and they de-
sandplain gerardia (Agalinis serve protection. And they
acuta), a plant for which we’re were here first!
developing augmentation What his co-workers
techniques. Another species is say about him:
the small whorled pogonia
(Isotria medeoloides), which Robbins’ cinquefoil (Potentilla robbinsiana) grows in compact Cheryl Lowe, horticulture
we’ve been looking at for 15 rosettes that produce anywhere between one and 50 showy yellow director at the New England
years. Canopy manipulations
flowers. Wild Flower Society has
for that plant have shown that when we known Bill for about 14 years.
destruction, and it still is, in- Here’s what she has to say about him:
let light in, the plants are going to re-
cluding changes in natural sys- “Bill is funny, creative and some-
spond better. We’re hoping to publish
tems like hydrology and fire. For times so full of energy it seems to gush
those results soon to show that selective
a long time, there’s been an em- out of him. He is enthusiastic, loves to
logging, done right, can help. By far, the
phasis on protecting land, but tease people, and laughs easily (at him-
most difficult part of my job is scrap- that emphasis needs to shift. It self as well). He can charm almost any-
ping for funding: it’s the hardest, it’s con- is still important, of course, to one. He is totally committed to plant
tinuous, and it has to get done. As much protect the north woods and the conservation, with a wonderful, effec-
as I’d like to be a full-time botanist, I national parks, but we can’t lose tive mix of scientist and pragmatist. He
know the fund raising is important. sight of the trees when we’re try- works in the basement of our admin-
ing to protect the entire forest. istration building, and he goes down
Since CPC celebrated its 20th an- The greatest need is how to man- those stairs so fast we are all sure one
niversary, and you’ve been in- age the areas that we have pro- day he will end up in a heap at the bot-
volved nearly the whole time, t e c t e d , a n d w e n e e d t o u n d e r- tom, but he never does. His office is
what are some of the major stand how to manage. So now, really a cave, with piles of papers ev-
changes you’ve seen over time? we’re doing a lot more manage- erywhere that make no sense to any-
ment projects. That was always one but Bill. In spite of some valiant
Things do go in cycles. In the a need, but it has evolved as the efforts by fellow staff, Bill is still the
’90s, species were a hot topic, biggest need. King of Paper Piles Achievement.

Plant Conservation, Spring 2006 6


Heckel
Continued from page 4
Both kudzu and Japanese honey-
suckle are aggressive vines that were in-
tentionally introduced in the U.S. from
their native ranges in Asia around the
turn of the 20th century. In the south-
east, both species are considered pests
and their presence in natural systems
may result in the loss of native species.
I conducted my study at Montezuma
Bluffs Natural Area in Macon County,
Ga. The area is a state-owned and man-
aged property containing large popula-
tions of relict trillium. In the spring of
2003, I permanently marked, counted,
and recorded the life stage of trillium
shoots in 20 sampling plots in each of
four sites within three pre-existing habi-
tats (no-vine habitat, kudzu habitat, or
honeysuckle habitat) that differed in the
presence or absence of the invasive vines
(1,014 total plants tagged in 2003). I
monitored yearly survival and life-stage
transitions of these individuals over a
two-year period. These measurements
determined population density and the
population growth rate.
I also conducted a honeysuckle removal
Edwards
Continued from page 4
lated organisms together on an evolution-
ary tree, which is important in this group
because it can provide information on
species delimitation. Species delimita-
tion is a particularly confusing in the
Southeastern mint group because the spe-
cies are morphologically very similar and
there are several endangered species that
are taxonomically questionable. Clarifi-
cation of species boundaries is crucial for
the conservation of this group because
federal endangered species protection
depends upon species delimitation.
To construct an evolutionary tree, I have
obtained collecting permits and collected
leaves from multiple populations of every
species in the southeastern scrub mint
group. I extracted DNA from the leaf ma-
experiment in a honeysuckle habitat away
from the demographic study area to de-
termine the magnitude of honeysuckle
impacts on relict trillium populations.
In 2003 and 2004, I also measured the
total number of species and the amount
of cover for understory vegetation in the
sampling plots to determine differences
in the plant community. In the spring of
2004, I conducted a supplemental pol-
len experiment to test whether relict tril-
lium seed production is limited by re-
sources or by the dispersal of pollen.
Habitats containing the invasive vines
kudzu and honeysuckle had overall
smaller populations of relict trillium.
Trillium density in the no-vine habitat is
up to 3.5 times greater than in habitats
dominated by invasive vines. Using the
population growth rate, I found that, un-
der current conditions, the no-vine and
honeysuckle populations are stable and
in the kudzu habitat, the population is de-
clining. Using the data to predict future
population size, it is estimated that in 25
years there would only be two individu-
als of relict trillium left in the population
where kudzu is found. When honey-
suckle was removed, the population
growth rate of trillium showed a strong
increase. This growth is due to the addi-
tion to the population of 113 new shoots
terial of every species, and then analyzed
the DNA of nuclear ribosomal and chlo-
roplast genes using DNA sequencing tech-
nology. Conflicting results from the
nuclear and chloroplast evolutionary trees
indicate that the different genera may have
hybridized with one another in the past.
Currently, I am working on two
projects. The first project involves further
DNA sequencing of nuclear genes from
the Southeastern Scrub mint group to ob-
tain a more highly resolved understand-
ing of the evolutionary relationships in the
group, especially because of the conflict-
ing nature of the chloroplast and nuclear
data sets in the study described above.
The second project that I am work-
ing on is to understand the patterns of
genetic diversity in the Southeastern
mint group, particularly in the endan-
gered species. This is important because
endangered species often have small
7 www.centerforplantconservation.org
in 2004 that may have been released from
below-ground dormancy.
In comparison to the no-vine habitat,
the invasive vine habitats had two-to-
three times more understory cover. In-
creased cover likely intensifies competi-
tion for light, nutrients, and water, mak-
ing it difficult for the trillium to thrive in
these invasive-dominated habitats.
Results of the supplemental pollina-
tion experiment suggest that pollen is
not the limiting factor in seed produc-
tion, and therefore environmental fac-
tors like available soil nutrients, light,
or water likely have a greater role in
reproduction.
My research successfully documents
differences in relict trillium population
dynamics, seed production, and local
plant community composition associated
with habitat types classified by the pres-
ence or absence of invasive species. Ad-
ditionally, my research implies that habi-
tat associated changes are directly related
to the presence of invasive vines. My re-
search also suggests that the removal of
invaders can be an effective method for
facilitating population recovery. Thus,
conservation efforts should focus on re-
moving invasive species from relict tril-
lium habitat to facilitate population
growth.
population sizes; when population sizes
are small, there is usually a higher rate
of inbreeding. A loss of genetic diver-
sity can prevent the species from adapt-
ing to changing environmental and evo-
lutionary pressures causing further popu-
lation declines, and eventual extinction.
To understand the patterns of genetic
diversity, I have been working with
microsatellite markers, which are highly
variable DNA regions that are used to
genotype individuals. I have isolated
these microsatellite DNA regions, and I
am screening them to see if they will be
useful in identifying the genetic make-
up of individuals. I am also working on
extracting DNA from more than 2,000
individuals that I will eventually geno-
type. I will then use these data to under-
stand population dynamics, such as if
populations are inbreeding or outcross-
ing, which can then be used to formulate
conservation priorities and strategies.
Along the Road to Recovery

Habitat factors key to survival

Gardeners are familiar with the
adage that success depends on having
the right plant in the right place.
They’ve learned the hard way that
plants can’t grow just anywhere. Most
have particular preferred conditions,
and if they aren’t supplied, while they
may hang on in the garden for a time,
they never really thrive.
The same principle applies to
working with vulnerable species in the
wild. Investigating the nuances that
define preferred or optimum habitat
conditions (called habitat
characterization) can be critical in
reversing decline for imperiled species.
Restoring imperiled plants
requires that both the vulnerable
species (focus or target species) and
its habitat (or plant community) be
robust and self-sustaining. When A student at the University of Washington
beginning work with a species of works on an outplanting of golden
conservation concern, it’s essential to paintbrush (Castilleja levisecta). Many
populations of the western prairie plant
step back and try to place the species have been destroyed by the conversion of
in the context of the plant its native habitat to agricultural, residential,
communities of the area. Establishing and commercial uses. Fire disturbance is an
a working concept of a plant’s integral part of the prairie ecosystem and
the decline of the golden paintbrush (at
optimum habitat is a vital reference right) is correlated with fire suppression.
point for recovery. The chances for
success in many areas of future “Along the Road to Recovery” is a
conservation work are improved if CPC series of stories highlighting the
the habitat is well-characterized and steps to recovery for imperiled plant
understood. It can help refine species. For an overview of the
searches to find a few more series, see the Winter 2003 isue of
populations to work with. It provides Plant Conservation, available at
a foundation concept to guide www.centerforplantconservation.org
decisions evaluating the most
promising sites for conservation or
restoration, and developing a habitats for an imperiled species
workable range-wide strategy for increases the likelihood of failure, and
long-term stability. the loss of valuable resources (i.e. plant
Tasks like identifying and managing genetic materials, labor, and goodwill)
threats, planning or implementing and funding would have been wasted.
habitat restoration actions, restoring the Plant ecologists working at the
plant populations themselves, fine community level (synecologists) are parameters. Physical (abiotic)
tuning land management practices, and the experts in helping decipher the parameters like moisture, temperature,
planning for future maintenance are “what” and “where” of optimum habitat topography, elevation, exposure,
actions at the community level that for a species at risk. Like humans, many geology and soils impose definite limits
require a good functional understanding factors are important in determining on plants, often influencing habitats over
of the habitat type. Working in where a plant lives. Plants respond to relatively large areas (a coarse scale
inappropriate or less than optimum many different physical and biological Please see Recovery, Page 9

Plant Conservation, Spring 2006 8

Recovery
Continued from page 8
ecological factor). Biological
parameters also impose limits on plant
growth, usually operating on a finer
scale. Biological factors include the
position, composition and structure of
associated vegetation as well as
interactions with other organisms like
soil mycorrhiza, pollinators and seed
dispersers. Vegetation reflects both
environmental characteristics of an
area, and the biological tolerances of
different species.
On the landscape, under the
influence of local physical and
biological environmental conditions,
plants aggregate into groups or suites
of species (communities) suited to the
conditions. These suites of species
occur together consistently enough to
form a recognizable pattern, repeated
in multiple areas. These communities
are called plant associations or habitat
types. Over the years, plant community
ecologists analyzing these species
patterns have worked out local and
regional vegetation classification
systems for much of the country, with
habitat type names and detailed
descriptions of their structure and
characteristics. Some vegetation
classification work includes keys to
habitat type identification, and many
are mapped. Some habitat types are
common and widespread. Others are
uncommon, even rare, and occur in
limited areas.
The relationship between a single
target species and the habitat types
across its range varies. Some plants
are generalists, have a broad
tolerance of environmental and
biological parameters, and may be
found over a large geographic range.
They may be common in a number
of habitat types. But some species
with comparatively wide tolerances
and extensive ranges, like the
American chestnut (Castanea
dentata), have become very
vulnerable due to range-wide
conditions or events such as disease
or habitat fragmentation.
Other species, including many rare
and imperiled species, are adapted to
very particular, less common habitats.
These plants are called specialists and
occur on a narrow range of habitats,
often in only one habitat type in a
limited area. Species uniquely adapted
to particular habitats and found
nowhere else are called endemic
species.
Sometimes there is one obvious or
primary factor that seems predominant
in determining the development of a
distinct habitat type. Many rare and
imperiled plant species’ habitats are
adapted to one specific soil type.
An example is the endangered San
Mateo thornmint (Acanthomintha
duttonii) that occurs only in
serpentine grassland. Serpentine soils
are low in essential nutrients such as
calcium and phosphorous and high in
metals such as iron and magnesium
that severely limit plant growth. The
habitat types that have evolved there
have many unique species tolerant of
these particular conditions. Other
habitat types may be found only on
south facing slopes, or only
associated with infrequent natural
features like springs or seeps.
Habitat characterization for
imperiled species can be hard work.
We want to know not only if the
plant occurs in a recognized habitat
type, but also how typical the site
is, or if it has any unusual
characteristics that refine our
understanding.
This work requires many hours in
the field, a good knowledge of the
known habitat types of an area,
excellent observation and plant
identification skills, careful
measurement, comparisons, and
sometimes even computerized
analytical techniques.
Generally, botanists and
ecologists examine all possible sites,
list the species present, record the
patterns of vegetation (patchy, open
or closed canopy, variation in age
structure, etc), and evaluate the
robustness of the habitat at each site
as well as the relative condition of
the imperiled plants (which may not
be the same). Botanists also note
9 www.centerforplantconservation.org
land-use history for the sites, and
any obvious signs of stress in the
habitat (invasive species, heavy
insect infestations, disease, heavy
browsing damage, etc.)
When the field measurements and
observations are done, botanists
compare the habitat characteristics and
the robustness of the species across the
sites. The habitats with the most robust
populations are assumed to reflect the
best conditions, at least as a first
approximation. Confidence is increased
if there are several good sites,
consistently correlated with the same
habitats, or if all the known sites are
correlated with the same habitats.
Similarly, confidence in the
interpretation of optimum habitat is
improved if sites with robust
populations are in habitats considered
in good to very good condition,
indicating that ecosystem processes are
supporting both the habitat and the
species well.
Using these best sites as a
benchmark, botanists can carefully
examine information about the
optimum sites, looking for features
they have in common, such as
geology or soils, elevation, or
landform position.
If common factors are present, then
additional potential habitat areas that
have a high likelihood for the species
to be present can be identified, mapped
and searched. If more sites are found,
data from these sites will be collected
and evaluated as well, and may improve
the concept of optimum habitat.
Scientists are vigilant about the
possibility for misinterpretation. In
situations where the species is in such poor
condition range-wide and there are only
one or a few sites, there is much lower
confidence in inferring optimum habitat
from site examinations of the vegetation.
In some cases, historical records
demonstrating that the species has been
persistent on the site, especially if there
are any records with information about
species numbers and habitat composition,
may be helpful in evaluating the likely
conditions that were optimal. Aerial
Please see Recovery, Page 11
 network new
Federal partnerships help CPC mission
to save imperiled plant species across nation
Program administered
by the Bureau of Land
Management aims
to re-seed federal lands
ravaged by wildfires
Financial experts say that investing
today will ensure a more secure tomor-
row.
This common-sense approach also
drives CPC’s mission. That’s why the
national office asks Congress each year
to help preserve federal funding for the
interagency Native Plant Materials Pro-
gram. Citizens everywhere should know
about the importance of this program.
The national office and 11 participat-
ing institutions are cooperators with the
Bureau of Land Management in this pro-
gram supporting restoration of native
vegetation. Specifically, funding is ap-
propriated to BLM within the Depart-
ment of Interior’s budget for Wildland
Fire Management and is administered by
the Plant Conservation Alliance though
the Seeds of Success program. The For-
est Service also receives funding through
the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s
Forest Service budget in its fire program. The protection of Mirabilis macfarlanei is important because it is a host to a rare moth
The Native Plant Materials Develop- discovered in 1983. The Heliodinid moth is host specific to McFarlane’s four-o’clock. The
ment Program is designed to collect and moth larvae feed only on the leaves and flowers of this plant native to eastern Oregon and
western Idaho.
distribute native plant seed materials to
agency partners so they can make the for research and development to increase The benefits are multiplied when their visi-
materials available for wildland reveg- the variety and amount of materials avail- tors and volunteers see the success of these
etation and restoration. The program able. This program will help solve that efforts. They can see themselves as engaged
aims to stop the supply problem in the problem, provide new product niches for in stewardship of our wildlands and their
native seed industry that makes it diffi- small and large seed businesses, and will investment in the future.
cult or impossible for the U.S. Forest Ser- help CPC achieve better quality restora- Eleven CPC institutions have been
vice and the BLM to complete large tion projects and help reduce the threat funded for seed collections for the pro-
native revegetation projects after fires. of invasive species. gram over the last several years
Through the work of CPC institutions, The program is cost-effective too. It through cooperative agreements with
the program holds great promise to solve works in partnership with conservation or- CPC. But there is a lot of work left to
the gap in production and seed quality ganizations, such as CPC and the Sudent do to help this interagency program,
that has held back the use of native plant Conservation Association, that provide ex- which is guided by a 10-year plan,
materials nationwide. Most native plant pert and volunteer labor inexpensively, and meet its potential. Thanks to your sup-
material production has been by small help match the federal funds. Community port, CPC will continue to be able to
businesses that don’t have the capacity and student groups meet their missions too. serve as a valuable partner.

Plant Conservation, Spring 2006 10

ws & notes
Recovery
Continued from page 9
photographs or other photographs of
the habitat areas over the years may
allow an evaluation of any changes in
the habitat.
Evaluating the role of disturbance
in the habitat is also important.
Biologists work to keep an open mind
and remember that a visit to a site
represents only a snapshot in time
and space.
Plant habitats are predictable
communities of living things, but
they are not static. Habitats often
exhibit a predictable cycle in
revegetation after disturbance, with
identifiable habitat stages called
succession. Some species depend on
disturbance to germinate and thrive,
and these species (colonizers, or
pioneer species) are the first to begin
revegetating an area, forming early
successional habitats. They gradually
disappear as the vegetation matures,
filling in and becoming more
complex. Other species appear in the
middle of the succession process, and
still others are found in more mature
habitat types that have not had a large
scale disturbance in some time
(mature, old growth, or climax
vegetation).
Botanists working to characterize
the context of an imperiled species
must ask the question, “Where does
this species fit in the habitat types
that are part of the normal cycle of
disturbance and revegetation? Is it
just arriving, on its way out or in its
optimum position?
When very small populations are
encountered, there could be many
explanations, and there is a greater
likelihood the current habitat type on
the site is not really optimum.
It’s easier to understand the
community relationships in a habitat
type when you still have good sites
to work with. Relying on current
vegetation characteristics for
populations in poor condition could
easily lead to misinterpretation, and
these are very challenging
situations.
For example, the presence of a just
a few individuals may be essentially
accidental. Some seeds may have
been transported there and
germinated, but the habitat may
actually be marginal for the species.
The plants cannot thrive, and they
may not persist over time.
In other cases, the habitat has
changed through succession or
degradation, and we need to do more
sophisticated detective work to get a
good concept of preferred habitat
type. Small populations may also be
the result of habitat fragmentation,
reducing the habitat to such small
patches that pollinators cannot find
the species, or the microclimate no
longer supports good germination.
If there are several sites available
for these more difficult situations,
careful comparison of population
condition (numbers of individuals,
seedlings, and plants setting see, for
example) with past land-use history
can give clues that may be helpful
(burned vs. unburned sites, or closed
vs. open canopy sites) to decipher
which conditions are better for the
species.
Once botanists feel that they have
a good concept of what the appropriate
habitat type or types for a species may
be, and where that habitat is found,
we can turn our attention to restoration
questions for the populations that need
intervention, asking the “Why?”
questions: Why are these populations
so small? Why aren’t they
reproducing well? Why is the habitat
in this condition?
Then the planning can move
forward for conservation and
restoration activities that will reverse
decline and ensure robust populations
in appropriate habitats that also are
functioning well.
11
Scientists begin
seed collection
at national parks
One of our nation’s greatest assets is
the National Park System.
And CPC continues to implement
a cooperative agreement signed in
2004 with the U.S. Department of the
Interior and CPC. National Park Ser-
vice employees and CPC research-
ers are engaged in a five-year seed
and data collection project on NPS
land.
The park service has identified 227
imperiled plants that are on the federal
Endangered Species list. CPC research-
ers are collecting seed and surveying
and documenting populations of imper-
iled plants. Restoration and reintroduc-
tion projects will likely result from this
effort.
The NPS provides access to park land
for collection of seed, and data on the
parks. Park service employees also help
with the permitting process for collecting
and researching the imperiled plants.
CPC has agreed to collect, clean,
catalog and assess the viability of
seeds so they can be sent to the Na-
tional Center for Genetic Resources
Preservation in Fort Collins, Colo.
In some cases, collection may be
impossible because the species no
longer grows on park service lands.
If that is the case, CPC researchers
will be try to obtain the desired spe-
cies from outside the park on land
that has similar ecological charac-
teristics.
So far, about 30 species have been
collected.
Federal officials have recognized the need
for native plant conservation and CPC’s
value as a partner in the effort.
That’s where CPC’s conservation
officers come in. They have the train-
ing to study, document and collect
genetically viable plant material to
help ensure reintroductions will be
possible.
www.centerforplantconservation.org
Letter
Continued from page 2
Grateful that CPC has a full-time
communications coordinator who takes
our information about plant conservation
to mass audiences, sharing our sense of
urgency, our experiences with
partnerships, and our hope for our flora
with the country by telling the stories of
the great work our institutions do. He can
connect plant conservation to the well-
being of our citizens. We can respond to
the public’s desire for reliable
information.
Grateful for our partners who are
helping us respond. Agency partners
like the National Park Service and the
Bureau of Land Management, who
have reached out to us to help get ex-
situ collections established for valuable
species at risk. They are committed to
conservation and restoration of this
biodiversity, and good management in
service to the nation. Grateful to
responsible and action-oriented
corporations like Aveda who helped us
tell our story nationwide and provide
sponsorship funds for a significant
number of new species. Grateful for
garden clubs and native plant societies
Applied plant conservation training highly regarded
“Unbelievably valuable”
…“perfect”…“awesome”…“Possibly
the greatest week of my life.” These
comments sound like the people who
made them went through a
transformational experience.
But they didn’t go on a transcendental
meditation retreat. They completed
Applied Plant Conservation training at
Denver Botanic Gardens, in a
collaborative effort that demonstrates the
power of partnerships. CPC partnered
with Denver and the U.S. Botanic Garden
to bring the two-week training to life for
30 participants for the first time in 2005.
The partnership continued again this year
in Denver from June 6-10. CPC presented
our one week overview course in plant
conservation that was developed by the
network with funding from the National
Fish and Wildlife Foundation. Denver
Botanic Gardens developed a second
week focused on conservation program
Plant Conservation, Spring 2006
who worked to help us put funds in
place through sponsorships for their
local species. Grateful to our friends at
the U.S. Botanic Garden and Denver
Botanic Gardens who helped us present
our intensive training for young
professionals at the Denver Botanic
Gardens so we could reach out and
touch the new, sharp, completely
committed crop of practitioners who
will carry our mission forward. It’s
thanks to them that we can respond with
hands-on help, with avenues to speak
broadly to the public, and train and
support more scientists.
It’s powerful to reflect on the
message that our instructor gave our
professionals at our annual meeting in
Texas recently, during their training
session on genetics and conservation.
Asked about the threat of global
warming, and how we could possibly
deal with the projected changes….he
said…“you are already doing one of the
most important things, conserving the
seed and other materials for future
restoration work, and working as fast as
you can to restore and maintain great
diversity in these populations in the field.
The restoration work in the wild gives
them the best possible chance to survive
development in a botanic garden,
followed with an internship training
experience. The U.S. Botanic Garden
supplied funds and educational planning
support to make the program possible.
The CPC introductory course was
designed to help consultants, government
agency biologists and botanic garden staff
build their skills and network. CPC and
other leading conservation botanists
nationwide created a curriculum that
presents an overview of 17 key
conservation topics led by nine
experienced, expert faculty members.
Participants get pragmatic tips,
information resources, contact lists of
experts and an opportunity to get
questions answered by experts in the field.
In the second week of the training, led by
Denver, participants learn about
developing a botanic garden conservation
program, community participation, and
grant writing and funding from
12
and maintain their integrity by
adjusting in the face of change…and
the ex-situ work will be invaluable for
areas where we will need to assist
nature in conserving our biodiversity.”
“Keep doing what you are doing.”
We will. With the help of our
Board of Trustees, our participating
institutions, our wonderful staff,
volunteers, and our Friends group.
Our friends support gave us the
operating budget to be able to respond
quickly in communications, critical
conservation projects, and new
partnerships because we had the
capacity to commit to the effort. They
have all responded, some for many
years, to maintain and build our
capacity.
We are grateful. We are
determined. We know we make a
difference. We pledge to keep
working to grow our friends, partners,
and projects, and we hope you will
each make a private pledge be
watchful for your own opportunities
to respond, and to do so.
professionals invited by Denver Botanic
Gardens and United States Botanic
Garden. Attendees receive course
resource binders that they can use as a
reference in their careers.
The training is intensive and at
times exhausting, but 97 percent of
the first year’s students said they
would recommend the course to
their peers.
CPC has a strong commitment to
sharing what we have learned over
the last 20 years, using our web site,
publications, and continuing to
expand our role in training
professionals and students in plant
conservation. In the last few years,
CPC’s annual national meetings
have included training seminars on
technical conservation issues as well
as training sessions by the national
office staff on grant writing and
public relations.
Project
Continued from page 1
are available for recovery work, their
relative condition, and how many occur
on federal lands. This study will
provide federal land managers with a
clearer understanding of the number
and condition of populations that occur
on lands they manage, and the relative
contribution to total recovery that could
be made by individual agencies and by
interagency cooperative efforts.
About 29 percent of the land area
in the United States is under the
jurisdiction of five major federal
agencies, including the Bureau of Land
Management, the National Park
Service and the U.S. Forest Service.
Concentrating initial efforts on federal
holdings makes sense because the level
of protection for listed plant species is
higher on federal lands, and
maximizing recovery on federal lands
may reduce taxpayer recovery costs
because some infrastructure to manage
the land is already in place.
The project will help
conservationists understand the
urgency for intervention and provide
a realistic assessment of recovery
opportunities for the nation’s
vulnerable plants. It will support better
planning, budget requests, and priority
setting. As the potential for significant
plant recovery on federal lands is
assessed, we will also get an idea
which species require significant
public-private partnerships and local
community action. An analysis for this
number of plant species has never
been performed at a national level.
Beattie
Continued from page 4
Coastal Plains and the Piedmont
regions of Alabama, Georgia and South
Carolina.
The Beattie fellowship is sponsored
by the Garden Club of America and is
administered by CPC. Winners are
chosen based on evaluations of proposals
by scientific reviewers selected by CPC,
and the recommendation by GCA’s
scholarship committee. Each year, the
Funds for the project will bring
together botanists, conservationists and
state and federal natural resource
officials to share data on native plants
for which they are responsible, and all
the partners will get an improved
information base and analysis in return.
“We believe these summaries will
illuminate the species where federal
agencies can move forward efficiently
to achieve recovery,” said Kathryn
Kennedy, CPC’s executive director.
“We will also have a more realistic idea
of the resources needed for both federal
and private recovery programs.
Sustaining this valuable biodiversity
will benefit our entire nation.”
Bruce Rittenhouse, who joined CPC
as conservation programs manager in
July 2005, has been working with
Nature Serve, and conservation officers
at the network’s gardens and arboreta.
“I came to CPC to be a part of a team
of dedicated plant conservationists,”
Rittenhouse said. “I am looking forward
to having the opportunity to work with
the botanists in the CPC member
institutions and the federal partners on
this project.”
CPC began moving forward on
the project after a significant grant
was awarded from the Henry Luce
Foundation. The foundation
awarded CPC a two-year grant that
will serve as match for funds
committed earlier by the National
F i s h a n d Wi l d l i f e F o u n d a t i o n .
Additional support for the project
has been provided by Chevron
Texaco and the St. Louis-based
Edward K. Love Conservation
Foundation.
grant enables a graduate student in
biology, horticulture, or a related field to
conduct research on a rare or endangered
plant in the southeastern United States.
Preference is given to students focusing
on the endangered flora of the Carolinas
or the southeastern United States.
Fellowship payments have varied from
$1,000 to $4,000
The annual deadline is in
December, and application information
can be found on the CPC web site:
www.centerforplantconservation.org.
13
CPC staffers speak
about project’s value
to federal agencies
National office staff members have
been busy this spring working to
inform federal agencies and other
partners about the Recovery on Public
Lands project.
Bruce Rittenhouse, CPC’s
conservation programs manager, traveled
to four meetings to talk about the project
and let field office representatives know
that conservation officers from CPC’s
participating institutions would be
contacting them for their help updating
information on plants regulated under the
Endangered Species Act.
Rittenhouse spoke in California to
botanists in Region 5 of the U.S. Forest
Service; he gave a presentation at the
Utah Rare Plant meeting where
employees from the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, Bureau of Land
Management, and Forest Service
connected with native plant society
members and others involved in plant
conservation; he and Kathryn Kennedy
attended a meeting in Las Vegas with
Forest Service and BLM botanists at
the regional and Washington, D.C.,
level; he also attended a Florida Rare
Plant Task Force meeting in Miami,
where he met with Florida
conservationists including employees
of the Forest Service and the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service.
Both Rittenhouse and Kennedy
explained the role of CPC in the project
and asked for help from the agencies and
other experts to help update Heritage
programs, which provide the nation’s
best conservation databases to support
sustainable resource management.
Reaction to the project was mostly
positive. “The federal agencies see
the need for this project and how it
will help them in recovering
endangered species,” Rittenhouse
said. In addition, heritage programs
welcome the assistance improving
data used for conservation planning,
and other plant conservation partners
are hopeful the study will guide
efficient resource use and speed
progress.
www.centerforplantconservation.org
Substance LEFT: Found in only
two counties in
Texas, the Houston

with Camphor Daisy

style
(Rayjacksonia
aurea) is a member
of the sunflower
family and boasts
camphor-scented
flowers
BELOW: The Coast
range fawn lily
(Erythronium
elegans) is

Aveda’s Earth Month campaign susceptible to

habitat loss and
random events.
boosts funds for plant sponsorships
Increasingly, businesses are
demonstrating their awareness that
environmental stewardship and
sustainability are good business as well
as good public policy.
The Aveda Corporation is a leader in
integrating stewardship and sustainability
throughout their company. The Center for
Plant Conservation was fortunate to be a
partner in Aveda’s Earth Month Campaign
in 2005. Funds continued to come in
until year end, and as a result, 17 species
sponsorships were completed at the
$10,000 level, and funds for their care will
be provided for 12 institutions nationwide.
This was an exciting boost to our
sponsorship program. There are now 220
fully sponsored plants out of 622 species
in the National Collection of Endangered
Plants. Sponsorships produce annual funds
to support conservation work for these
species at CPC institutions working with
the species, and related activities at the
national office.
Aveda, a Minnesota-based hair and
body care company, forwarded $107,000
to CPC from the campaign. Our funds
came from customer donations, special endangered plants and promoted the care for our native plants. We supplied
events at spas and retail outlets, and relationship between Aveda and CPC. posters and displays for stores and events,
proceeds from sales of Aveda products. More than 10,000 flyers were distributed slide shows for Aveda outlet staff members,
CPC was assigned to work with Aveda’s to salons, participating institutions, and and notecards, T-shirts and books for silent
distributor, Neill Corp, which also has a other park and agency visitor centers. auctions and other events. The national office
strong corporate ethic for sustainability The national office staff also assembled staff and several conservation officers also
and stewardship. and mailed 124 packets containing worked with local salons and stores in St.
The funds matched funds from other information about CPC to Aveda stores, Louis during cut-a-thons to tell clients about
sources to complete full sponsorships and salons and spas. The stores were encouraged plant conservation and our work.
covered minimal national office expenses to use the flyers, brochures, newsletters, We extend our thanks to both Aveda and
incurred supporting campaign participants. annual report and fact sheets in their displays Neill Corp. for their vision and concern.
CPC spread the word about this for Earth Month. As a result during Earth They helped us get an important message to
partnership by creating a two-sided flyer Month, CPC reached thousands of consumers and raise funds that will benefit
that used images and explanations of customers with our message of concern and plant conservation for many years to come.

Plant Conservation, Spring 2006 14

 Plant sponsorships
Newly sponsored plants increase to 224
Plants now fully sponsored after CPC received funds from The number of fully sponsored species
in the National Collection of Endangered
Aveda during Earth Month 2005:
Plants stands at 224 out of 622.
Coast range fawn lily Mountain sweet pitcher- In addition to the sponsorships from
(Erythronium elegans) plant (Sarracenia Aveda, other donors fully sponsored 10
Berry Botanic Garden species by the end of 2005.
jonesii) North Carolina
The four species from late 2004 in-
Round-leaf four-o’clock Botanical Garden clude:
(Oxybaphus Texas ayenia (Ayenia Nipomo lupine (Lupinis nipomensis)
rotundifolius) Denver limitaris) San Antonio was completed with a contribution from
Botanic Gardens Botanical Garden the late Honorable John C. Pritzlaff Jr.
Xylosma crenata Harold L. New England boneset (Eupatorium no-
Ma‘o hau hele (Hibiscus
vae-anglae) was sponsored by the New
Lyon brackenridgei England Wild Flower Society.
Arboretum ssp. Texas prairie dawn (Hymenoxys texana)
American mokuleianus) benefited from a coalition of donors from
hart’s Waimea Valley south Texas who gave funds to sponsor
tongue the species at the Mercer Arboretum and
Audubon Center
Botanic Gardens.
fern Harperella (Ptilimnium nodosum)
‘ihi La‘au
(Phyllitis gained full sponsorship in February of this
(Marsilea villosa)
scolopendrium year after the Virginia Native Plant Soci-
Waimea Valley ety mounted a fall 2004 campaign among
var.
Audubon Center its members to sponsor this species under
americanum)
Draba the care of the North Carolina Botanical
Holden Garden.
asterophora ssp.
Arboretum The 2005 species are:
asterophora
Houston Island Barberry (Berberis pinnata ssp.
(Lake Tahoe insularis) gained full sponsorship from the
camphor
Draba) Santa Barbara Garden Club.
daisy
University of The Orono sedge (Carex oronensis) re-
(Rayjacksonia Helonius bullata, also known ceived full sponsorship from an individual
California
aurea) as Swamp-pink is now fully donor in 2005. It is maintained by the New
Botanical Garden
Mercer sponsored. England Wild Flower Society.
Green Mountain Houston camphor daisy (Rayjacksonia
Arboretum
maidenhair fern aurea) gained full sponsorship from donors
and Botanic Gardens
(Adiantum in Texas. Mercer Arboretum and Botanic
Dwarf liau (Wilkesia Gardens is caretaker of the species.
viridimontanum)
hobdyi) National Tropical The Pitcher’s thistle (Cirsium pitcheri)
New England Wild Flower
Botanical Garden gained full sponsorship from several indi-
Society vidual donors in 2005. Holden Arboretum
Swamp-pink (Helonius
bullata) New York Allegheny monkey-flower is caretaker.
(Mimulus ringens var. The Southern lady’s slipper orchid
Botanical Garden (Cyprepidium kentuckiense) was partially
Cumberland rosemary colophilus) New sponsored with donations from the Virginia
(Conradina verticillata) England Wild Flower Native Plant Society. NCBG is caretaker.
North Carolina Society Lake Tahoe Draba (Draba asterophora
Arboretum var. asterophora) gained full sponsorship
Showy stickseed
from the Denver Botanic Gardens in 2005.
Awned meadowbeauty (Hackelia venusta) If you would like to make a donation to
(Rhexia aristosa) North University of the endowment, please contact CPC
Carolina Botanical Washington Botanic Development Manager Maria Bradford at
Garden Gardens (314) 577-9457.

15 www.centerforplantconservation.org
 Codes of conduct
Here is a listing of most of the codes
of conduct for the gardening public
agreed upon as part of the St. Louis
Declaration:
nAsk for only non-invasive species
when you acquire plants. Plant only
environmentally safe species in your
gardens. Work toward and promote
new landscape design that is friendly
to regional ecosystems.
nSeek information on which species
are invasive in your area. Sources
could include botanical gardens,
horticulturists, conservationists, and
government agencies. Remove
invasive species from your land and
replace them with non-invasive
species suited to your site and needs.
nDo not trade plants with other
gardeners if you know they are
species with invasive characteristics. The Nature Conservancy/John Randall
nRequest that botanical gardens Japanese honeysuckle invades and chokes out native species.
and nurseries promote, display and
sell only non-invasive species.
nHelp educate your community and
other gardeners in your area through
personal contact, and in such settings
PBS links viewers to web
as garden clubs and other civic
groups.
nInvite speakers knowledgeable on
directory on invasives
the invasive species issue to speak to The threat of non-native invasive spe- find more information were directed to
garden clubs, master gardeners,
schools and other community groups. cies is getting more attention by the gen- pages that allowed the data seekers to
nSeek the best information on eral public, and CPC was asked to play a search by state or topic for experts and
control of invasive plant species and role in contributing supplemental infor- groups fighting invasives.
organize neighborhood work groups to mation for a television show. The pages also included links to the
remove invasive plant species under
the guidance of knowledgeable Viewers of PBS and National Saint Louis Declaration that came out
professionals. Geographic’s “Strange Days on Planet of the workshops “Linking Ecology
nVolunteer at botanical gardens and Earth” series learned about the damage & Horticulture to Prevent Plant Inva-
natural areas to assist ongoing efforts
to diminish the threat of invasive
invasive species cause. Actor Edward sions” in Chicago and St. Louis. Sup-
plants. Norton narrated and helped produce the port from the Missouri Botanical Gar-
nParticipate in early warning series, which will also look at climate den made the workshop possible.
systems by reporting invasive species change, animal predators and water pol- The site will remain active and view-
you observe in your area.
nAssist garden clubs to create lution. ers can see the workshop proceedings
policies regarding the use of invasive With the help of Saint Louis Univer- and endorse the codes of conduct.
species not only in horticulture, but in sity doctoral student Keefe Reuther, CPC To learn more, go to
activities such as flower shows. Urge launched a web directory of groups de- www.centerforplantconservation.org/
florists and others to eliminate the use
of invasive plant material. voted to curbing the spread of invasives. invasives and www.pbs.org/
Viewers of the series who went online to strangedays.

ews
N
uggets
nCPC offers its condolences to the
family of the Honorable John
Pritzlaff Jr., who died May 2, 2005,
in Santa Barbara, Calif. Mr. Pritzlaff
was a long-time and active supporter
of conservation. He is survived by his
wife, Mary Dell Pritzlaff, two daugh-
ters, two sons, two sisters, and several
grandchildren and great-grandchil-
dren. Mr. Pritzlaff had been a former
member of CPC’s Board of Trustees.
nThe national office has made
four hires: Paul Groenier joined the
staff as the technical information
coordinator. Mark F. Barnett
joined the staff in March 2005 as
communications coordinator. Peggy
Wilfong has joined the national
office staff as an administrative
assistant. Bruce Rittenhouse serves
as the conservation programs
manager. Rittenhouse will act as a
liaison between CPC member
gardens and federal agencies,
oversee future projects, and super-
vise management of CPC’s database
of endangered plants and be respon-
sible for CPC’s conservation train-
ing programs.

Plant Conservation, Spring 2006 16

Four new members join CPC Board of Trustees
In the last year the Center for Plant
Conservation has welcomed three new
members to our board of trustees.
Anne Foreman Barnes is past-president
of the Cleveland Botanical Garden, and
co-chaired the Garden’s recent successful
capital campaign, which raised more than
$50 million to construct the Eleanor
Armstrong Smith Glasshouse, a new edu-
cation wing, expanded library, enhanced Barnes DeKing Miller Thibodeau
visitor services, expanded gift shop, and
underground parking facility. She serves the executive director of the New England Dr. Frank Thibodeau co-founded CPC
on the CBG’s board of trustees. An avid Wild Flower Society, the nation’s oldest plant and developed it for five years after finish-
gardener herself, she is also a member and conservation organization. David has an ing his Ph.D. from Tufts University in 1981.
past-president of the Garden Club of MBA in nonprofit and public management. He then attended Stanford Business School
Cleveland and is flower arranging judge Ladeen Miller has served on the national and has been active in Silicon Valley as start-
for the Garden Club of America. Finance Committee for the Garden Club of up CEO, venture capitalist and adviser to
David DeKing is the vice president for America, been a consultant on genetically technology-based businesses. His business
collaboration and education for the modified organisms for GCA’s conservation ventures have included Geobiotics, a bio-
EnvironmentalLeagueofMassachusetts, where committee, and vice chair of the National technology company; Worldpages.com;
he works with 60 of Massachusett’s nonprofit Affairs and Legislative Committee. She lives and Zona Research, a noted Internet mar-
environmental organizations to advance issues in Santa Barbara, Calif., where she is the past ket analysis firm. He rejoined CPC in late
of statewide public policy and advocacy. co-chair of the Board of Directors of the Santa 2005 as a trustee. He lives in California with
In 2005, David retired after 10 years as Barbara Botanical Garden. his son, Luc, and Braeburn, a black lab.

Center for Plant Conservation 2005 Friends

Donations from Jan. 1, 2005 through Dec. 31, 2005
CPC DONOR SOCIETY Dr. Robert Breunig Mrs. Nicholas Greville Dr. Philip D. and Heather Mr. Gerard B. Townsend Mr. Bruce Hart
Mr. David H. Buchanan Mr. and Mrs. Whitney Hatch Berman Cantino Mr. Jeffrey Uhlich and Ms. Janell Dr. Kayri Havens
President’s Circle ($5,000
Mrs. Ann Coburn Mr. Dennis Lubbs Mr. and Mrs. Robert F. Carr III Edman Mr. Derral Herbst
and up) Mr. Bert Condie III Panagiotis Manginis and Anne Fr. George Carrigg Dr. Lisa Wagner and Dr. Timothy Mr. Thomas G. Herring
Anonymous Paul and Barbara Cox Phippen Manginis Robert and Maureen Cates P. Spira Mr. William C. Hunter and
Mr. and Mrs. William H.T. Bush Mr. Robert R. Cull Dr. and Mrs. Douglas Payne Mrs. Hugh Chatham Mr. Garrett Webb Mrs. Margaret L. Gallagher
Mr. and Mrs. Francis Hatch Mr. and Mrs. Carl J. Deutsch Ms. Jackie Poole Susan B. Clark Mrs. B.K. Werner Mr. and Mrs. Fred Janssen
Julia Bissell Leisenring Mr. and Mrs. Thom Duncan Ms. Ruth Saecker Mrs. Peter Goedecke Ms. Christina D. Wood Ms. Kristina Jones
Mr. and Mrs. Andrew S. Love Jr. Kathryn and David Kennedy Dr. Edward Schneider Ms. Linda Gohlke Mrs. Kenneth R. Woodcock Mr. and Mrs. Brooks M. Kelley
John and Connie McPheeters Mr. and Mrs. Warren B. Lammert Jr. Mr. John Smith and Mrs. Jerilyn Mr. Alfred Guhl Mr. Thomas Wootten Dr. and Mrs. V.L. Kobb
Mr. and Mrs. C.W. Eliot Paine Mrs. Lewis Lehrman Jewett-Smith Mr. Henry R. Hatch Mrs. Ann H. Young Ms. Jessie Laurel Benjamin
Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Pierce Mrs. Phebe Miner Mr. Peter Sparks and Ms. Clytie Dr. Derral Herbst Ms. Marcia M. Zweig Mr. David J. Lehleitner
Mr. and Mrs. Geoffrey Seymour Mr. and Mrs. David O. Phippen Mead Mrs. Jane L. Heyward Family Friends Mr. and Mrs. Scott Lenharth
Mrs. Mary Ann Streeter Ms. Joanna Phippen Dr. and Mrs. Walter St. Goar Ms. Shirlee A. Hoffman ($75 - $149) Ms. Barbara Lipscomb
Mr. and Mrs. Hooker Talcott Jr. Mr. and Mrs. William V. Dr. and Mrs. George E. Staehle Mr. and Mrs. Richard C. Holton Anonymous (2) Ms. Carol Loeffler
Conserving Donors Robertson IV Mrs. Natalie Starr Mrs. Jocelyn Horder Mr. Ethan D. Alyea Jr. Mr. Larry Loftis
($1,000 - $4,999) Miss Margaret M. Schneider Mr. and Mrs. Sellers J. Thomas Jr. Mrs. Helen Huber Mr. and Mrs. James M. Barrett III Mr. and Mrs. A. Lee Lundy Jr.
Anne Foreman Barnes Mr. and Mrs. James Wilson Marian and William Truslow, Esq. Mrs. Margot B. Jacobs Ms. Susan Bernstein Dr. Stephanie Mayer
Charles and Christina Bascom Benefactors Mr. and Mrs. Robert Tschudy Dr. and Mrs. Jeff Johnson Mr. Edward Blau Mr. Dennis McGalde
Mrs. Helen Gabriel ($250 - $499) Mrs. Polly Victor Mr. John W. Kourik Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Blucke Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert R. Meigs
Garden Club of America Anonymous Mr. Jeptha Wade Mr. Edwin Kurtz Mrs. Howard M. Booth Ms. Betty Lou Nicol
Conservation Committee Ms. Patricia Adams CPC FRIENDS Ms. Erica Leisenring Mr. Victor Cassidy Mr. and Mrs. R. Kendall
Mr. Jonathan B. Loring Mrs. Albert H. Barclay Jr. Sustaining Friends Mr. Rick Lewandowski Mr. and Mrs. J. Martin Carovano Nottingham
Janine Luke Mr. and Mrs. James Bell ($150 - $249) Dr. and Mrs. Richard C. Lighty Mrs. Margaret L. Chatham Peter and Mercer O’Hara
Mrs. Edith N. Meyer Mrs. George P. Bissell Jr. Anonymous Ms. Sara Mauritz Dr. Maureen H. Conte Mr. Michael J. O’Neal
Mr. and Mrs. Stephen T. B. Miller Mr. Peter P. Blanchard III Lt. Col. Scott D. Aiken Mrs. Ruth C. Mead Ms. Linda S. Cutler Mr. and Mrs. Robert M. Ogden
Mr. and Mrs. William Orthwein Jr. Maria and Gene Dobbs Bradford Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Allard Mr. and Mrs. Jerry Melaragno Mrs. Arabella Dane Dr. and Mrs. F. Thomas Ott
Mr. and Mrs. Richard D. Phippen Mrs. Graham M. Brush Jr. Mr. David T. Anderson Mr. and Mrs. Bill Oxley Mr. John E. Dodge Ms. Margaret Ovitt
Mr. and Mrs. Theodore Pockman Mr. and Mrs. Lalor Burdick Mrs. Elspeth G. Bobbs Ms. Anne W. Pate Mr. Harold M. Draper III Ms. Anne W. Pate
Ms. Janet Meakin Poor Ms. Josephine Bradley Bush Ms. Valerie Brackett Bob and Susan Peck Mr. and Mrs. Lee F. Driscoll Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Alexander Patterson
Mr. and Mrs. George Putnam Mrs. Clarissa Chandler Mrs. Andre Brewster Ms. Ellen C. Petersen Dr. and Mrs. Donald Duvick Dr. and Mrs. Arthur Phillips III
Dr. and Mrs. Donald Schnell Ms. Melissa Colbert Mr. and Mrs. Edwin Briggs Quail Hill Foundation Dr. and Mrs. Bohdan Dziadyk Mr. and Mrs. Matthew V. Pierce
Mr. and Mrs. Todd R. Schnuck Dr. and Mrs. John Constable Ms. Carolyn Summers Elisabeth A. Raleigh Mr. Gene Feher Mrs. Richardson Pratt Jr.
Ms. Jocelyn Sladen Mr. and Mrs. Leo A. Drey Brittenham and Mr. David Ms. Carol L. Ross and Mr. Walter Kathie R. Florsheim Ms. Ella H. Quintrell
Mrs. Nancy C.H. Winter Mrs. Phil Duryee Brittenham L. Moorhead Dr. Harold W. Fogle Dr. and Mrs. John W. Reynolds
Preserving Donors Mr. and Mrs. David L. Ferguson Miss Dorothy A. Brown Dr. and Mrs. Moras L. Shubert Mr. and Mrs. Sam Fox Ms. Patricia R. Sanda
($500 - $999) Dr. and Mrs. Ira Gall Ms. Kathleen Burnett Ms. Suzanna L. Slivka Mrs. Nancy S. Gay Mr. and Mrs. Joseph D. Sargent
Anonymous Mr. Casey Galvin Mrs. Carleton Burr Mr. and Mrs. Jason Spangler Dr. and Mrs. Leslie Gottlieb Mr. and Mrs. Perry Scott
Mr. and Mrs. Bill Anderson Mrs. Nada Granberry Mr. and Mrs. Walter Cabot Lisa Standley Dr. Edward O. Guerrant Mr. and Mrs. Warren Shapleigh

17 www.centerforplantconservation.org
Mr. and Mrs. Jonathan A. Shaw
Mrs. Jeanne O. Shields
Ms. Teresa Steer
Mr. and Mrs. Bret Steiner
Mr. David Stone
Mrs. Anne P. Strain
Mrs. Donald Straus
Mr. and Mrs. Robert G. Tate
Ms. Melinda J. Taylor
Patti Thompson and John E.
Ellenberger
Mr. and Mrs. W. Michael
Thompson Jr.
Mrs. William Van Cleve
Mr. Rolla Wilhite
Ms. Selma Williamson
Ms. Elizabeth H. Wright
George and Kay Yatskievych
Ms. Patricia Ziegler
Friends ($35 - $74)
Anonymous (11)
Mrs. Cynthia H. Affleck
Ms. Kathleen Ahlenslager and
Mr. Chris O. Loggers
Ms. Katherine M. Aleric
Mr. and Mrs. Charles Ames Jr.
David T. Anderson
Timothy W. Athan
Mr. Harold L. Baker
Dr. John S. Baker
Mr. J. David Bamberger
Dr. and Mrs. Burton Barnes
Ellen O. Bender
Mr. David C. Berkshire
Mr. John D. Birkhoff
Mrs. Robert L. Black Jr.
Ms. Elizabeth B. Borden
Mr. Michael Bostwick
Mr. Burton Boxenhorn
Ms. Kathy Boyle
Mrs. Mackintosh Brown
Sylvia K. Brown
Mr. Frank A. Buccello
Mr. and Mrs. Richard C. Bull
Ms. Rachel Cameron
Mr. William R. Carr
Ms. Lilian Chance
Mr. Robert Clearwater
Mr. Gerald Clifton
Ms. Jane S. Coddington
Ms. Kim Coffey
Connecticut College Arboretum
Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Coughlin
Ms. Nancy Coutant
Ms. Irene Crosby
Ms. Linda F. Cummin
Ms. Helen Damon
Ms. Frances T. DeLamater
Mr. Charles Frederick Deneke
Ms. C.M. Derouin
Ms. Carol S. Desmond
Dr. and Mrs. H. Lenox Dick
Mr. Robert Diller
Mr. and Mrs. Michael J.
Donoghue
Ms. Carla Dowben
Ms. Christine Dudding
Ms. Ann Earley
Mr. and Mrs. Ralph P. Engle Jr.
Ms. Phyllis M. Faber
Ms. Constance Felder
Ms. Mychelline A. Fiadhiglas
Mr. Melvin Fine and
Ms. Peg Peterson
Ms. Mary Fleming Finlay
Ms. Trish Flaster
Mrs. George B. Foote Jr.
Mr. George Gann
Dr. Harold W. Gardner
Ms. Valerie Geertson-Ray
Mr. and Mrs. Brian Geon
Dr. Richard Goodwin
Mrs. Susan F. Gordon
Plant Conservation, Spring 2006
Ms. Joanne Granzow
Mr. Matt Gray
Mr. and Mrs. Richard L. Greaves
Ms. Sara Groenendyke
Mr. Thomas L. Guthrie
Rev. Michael Hagebusch
Dr. William Hahn and
Ms. Francesca T. Grifo
Mrs. Karen S. Haller
Clement Hamilton, Ph.D.
Ms. Kathy Hammer
Dr. James L. Hamrick
Alma Hanson, Ph.D.
Mr. and Mrs. Laurin H. Healy
Dr. Alice A. Heikens
Mrs. Benjamin Hill
Mr. Daniel A. Hill
Ms. Nelda Hinckley
Mr. and Mrs. Mike Hubbard
Dr. Cynthia Huebner
Mrs. Harry Hull
Ms. Erica J. Hulstrom
Carol F. Hutchins
Ms. Kendra Hutchins
Mrs. Marshall Jeanes
Mrs. Niels W. Johnsen
Dr. and Mrs. Ralph Johnson
Mr. John Karel
Ms. Linda S. Keenan
Ms. Ellen P. Kelley
Ms. Ruth Kenneson
Dr. Loraine U. Kohorn
Sarada Krishnan
Ms. Cerina K. Lamar
Mr. R. Willis Leith
Ms. Barbara Leone
Mrs. Katherine M. Lepis
Ms. Mary Hope Lewis
Mr. Larry Loftis
Dr. and Mrs. Eric Lopatin
Mrs. Charles Lyman
Ms. Faith Magoun
Mr. Geo Mahler
Mr. and Mrs. Joe Maierhauser
Dr. Eugene I. Majerowicz
Ms. Rachelle Mallonee
Mrs. James R. Malm
Cindy Marshall
Ms. Penny A. McCord
Ms. J. Barkha McDermith
Mr. and Mrs. Harold R. McEuen
Dr. M. McKernan
Mrs. William McLean
Ms. Nancy McReel
Mrs. Karen Meldrum
Mr. and Mrs. Milton E. Mill
Ms. Barbara Millen and
Mr. Markly H. Boyer
Dr. N.D. Miller
Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Moody
Dr. Larry R. Morrison
Dr. Richard H. Munson
Mr. and Mrs. Andrew J. Neill
Ms. Leslee Newton-Reed
Ms. Diana Niskern
Mr. David Paddock
Mrs. Christine B. Palmer
Mr. Ronald W. Palmquist
Ms. Mary Thorpe Parker
Mr. and Mrs. Tom Pene
Mr. and Mrs. Perry Peskin
Ms. Marjorie A. Pitts
Ms. Elizabeth B. Porter
Ms. Annemarie Post
Mr. and Mrs. R. Case Prime
Ms. Sarah Ann Reath
Ms. Mary Rimmer
Mr. Bruce H. Rittenhouse
Ms. Catherine F. Roberts
Mr. James Robinson
Ms. Patricia P. Rose
Mr. Jay H. Ross
Mr. Michael Saganich
Mr. Bernie Schiff
Dr. and Mrs. George Schnack
Mr. David Schwaegler
Mr. Peter J. Schweinsberg
Mr. Thomas Seiler
Mrs. Mary Serbi
Dr. and Mrs. Moras Shubert
Ms. Cynthia M. Skarolid-Smith
Dr. James P. Smith Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Richey Smith
Ellen Sousa
Mr. Charles Spencer
Mr. and Mrs. Guy Sternberg
Dr. I. Jack Stout
Mr. Joe Strauch
Ms. Paula Stuart
Rev. James M. Sullivan
Dr. Jo Betty Swerdlow
Mr. Jeffrey Tepper
Dr. Robert Thorne
Ms. M. Jane Toth
Mrs. Ranae M. Travers
Ms. Peggy A. Turner
Ms. Suzanne Tuttle
Mr. Nathan T. Vick
Mr. Thomas C. Vogelsang
Ms. Cayci Vuksanovich
Ms. Ruth H. Wadlington
Mrs. Mary M. Walker
Mr. Russell Walton
Mr. Paul R. Weissich
Ms. Jennifer Whipple
Ms. Cathy A. White
Ms. Ayn B. Whytemare
Ms. Sally Williams
Mr. Doug Willis
Ms. Linda J. Wilson
Dr. Carla A. Wise
Mr. Paul Wright
Mrs. Ann Young
Mr. Stephen Young
Tribute Donations
In Honor of Winston and
Jackie Miller’s 50th
Wedding Anniversary
Nada H. Granberry
In Honor of Melvin Smith
Nada H. Granberry
In Honor of Shirlee Hoffman
Mrs. Robin Hoffman
In Honor of Matt
Ms. Hannah Love
In Memory of Delores (Mitzi) Dr. and Mrs. Richard Lighty
Johnson
Nada H. Granberry
In Memory of Margaret Dole
Rust
KBR Foundation
In Kind Donations
Ms. Denise C. Wilson
GARDEN CLUB
SOCIETY
Preserving Friends
Garden Club of America
Conserving Friends
Beacon Hill Garden Club
Benefactors
Garden Club of Cleveland
Lake Minnetonka Garden Club
Sustaining Friends
Jupiter Island Garden Club
North Country Garden Club of Denver Botanic Gardens
Long Island
Noanett Garden Club
Family Friends
Fort Orange Garden Club
The Garden Club of Barrington
Garden Club of Buzzard’s Bay
Garden Club of Honolulu
Garden Club of Michigan
Garden Club of Princeton
Garden Study Club of New
Orleans
18
Green Tree Garden Club Anita Tiller, In Memory of Michael
Ms. Lynn Cameron
of Milwaukee M. Tiller Ms. Lauren A. Carlson
Hortulus Eupatorium novae-angliae Carmen! Carmen! Salon
Little Compton Garden Club (New England boneset) Ms. Sandra Taylor Cashe
Milton Garden Club New England Wild Flower Castle Spies Partnership
Rye Garden Club Society - In honor of Ms. Aimee Caverly
Three Harbors Garden Club David DeKing Ms. Stormy Jo Chamberlain
Friends Combined Federal Ms. Lashonda C. Chatman
Akron Garden Club Campaign Chez Ritz
Short Hills Garden Club Special thanks to the donors Ms. Sharon Coad
Garden Club of Dublin who gave to CPC through Ms. Jan H. Colgan
Garden Club of Irvington- the 2004-05 Combined Mr. Bradley J. Collins
On-Hudson Federal Campaign. Ms. Chanda Conaway
Guilford Garden Club Ms. Julia Cook
Twin City Garden Club AVEDA Ms. Elizabeth Cooper
Other CPC was proud to be a 2005 Ms. Jennifer Cotham
North Shore Garden Club Aveda Earth Month Partner. Ms. Kimberly Coy
Matching Gifts Our thanks go to the Ms. Karole S. Cozby
Andrew W. Mellon following Aveda salons, stores Ms. Leyla M. Creekmore
Foundation and customers for their Ms. Ashley F. Cribb
ExxonMobil generous contributions to Ms. Eileen M. Cronley
Nathaniel P. and Elizabeth CPC. Ms. Ann E. Culp
Stevens Foundation Aveda Ms. Tammy Dailey
Quaker Hill Foundation The Neill Corp. Dantera Salon & Day Spa
Anonymous Ms. Debbra Darbonne
FOUNDATION A Beauty Shoppe Ms. Rosa Darquea
GRANTS AND AWARDS Ms. Anne Penman Aguilar Ms. Jennifer L. Davis
Dorrance Family Ms. Terri L. Albertson Ms. Tammy G. Dawkins
Foundation Alex Inc. Mr. Michael W. Deeds
Caleb C. and Julia W. Dula Andy’s Professional Mrs. Karen Derksen
Foundation Ms. Kelly Anfuso Ms. Jerri S. Devault
Helen Clay Frick Animal Rehabilitation Center Dionysus Salon
Foundation Inc. Ms. Donna C. Dixon
The Henry Luce Foundation Ms. Gloria Anthony Ms. Rebecca A. Donnelly
The National Fish & Ms. Monica Lorraine Arnold Ms. Samantha L. Donner
Wildlife Foundation Artistic Salon Spa Dr. David B. Donovan
Plant Sponsorship Gifts Ms. J. Beth Asher Ms. Becky Dorn
Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis Ms. Georgeann G. Atcheson Ms. Kerri E. Doscher
(Island Barberry) Avalon International Ms. Nikki Dotson
Santa Barbara Garden Club Ms. Cheryl D. Babcock Doug’s 2 Salon-Spa
Carex oronensis (Orono sedge) Ms. Mary Beth Babcock Ms. Jennifer R. Dowd
Mr. and Mrs. Patrick Tynan – In Ms. Sue Bagzis Ms. Pearl M. Drenckpohl
MS. D.G. Bailey Ms. Karen Bates Durovich
honor of Mary McGuire’s
Ms. Bonnie J. Baker Dylan Brooke’s Salon
99th Birthday
Bangz Salon Mr. Jamie Earle
Cirsium pitcheri (Pitcher’s
Ms. Jean A. Barnes EcoPhones
thistle)
Mr. and Mrs. William Barnes Ms. Elizabeth Barrera Eden Day Spa & Salon
Mr. and Mrs. William H.T. Bush Ms. Kathy L. Battaglia Ms. Krystall Edwards
Mrs. Ann Coburn Adrian D. Beaty Mr. William E. Edwards Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Richard Daley Beauty Basics Inc. Ms. Ann T. Eggebrecht
Dr. Kathryn L. Kennedy Beauty Indulgence Day Spa & Ms. Paula L. Ehren
Mr. and Mrs. Edward Leisering Salon Ekklesia Salon
Belleza Salon and Day Spa Ms. Shona M. Erlenmeyer
Mr. Jonathan Loring Ms. Randi A. Berardi Ms. Kym R. Erler
Mr. and Mrs. Andrew S. Love Jr. Ms. Cynthia A. Billingsley Essentials Salon & Day Spa
Mr. and Mrs. John McPheeters Mrs. Anna R. Black Ms. DeAnn N. Eubanks
Mr. and Mrs. Stephen T.B. Miller Ms. Rhonda S. Blake Ms. Carey M. Faramelli
Mrs. Janet Meakin Poor Ms. Sandee H. Blankenship Ms. Jennifer J. Fernandez
Dr. Edward Schneider Ms. Tara A. Blow Ms. Kim E. Ferrick
Mr. and Mrs. Goeffrey Seymour Ms. Candace E. Boatwright Mr. R. Todd Fisher
Mrs. Jocelyn Sladen Ms. Vicki Bogart Ms. Kathryn Fletcher
Mr. and Mrs. Hooker Talcott Jr. Ms. Yvonne K. Booker Ms. Lisa M. Francis
William Truslow, Esq. Ms. Diana R. Borden Ms. Beverly Franklin
Dr. Peter S. White Ms. Deanna Boston Ms. Jodie Franks
Cyprepidium kentuckiense Ms. Bethany A. Bowman Ms. Virginia French
(southern Lady’s Slipper Ms. Brandee Machelle Brawner Ms. Lisa J. Fritschle
Orchid) Ms. Jennifer R. Brennan Garbo A Salon
Virginia Native Plant Society Mrs. Jennifer Brady Ms. Sandra K. Garrett
Draba asterophora var. Bradz Salons and Spas Ms. Lisa M. Garza
asterophora (Lake Tahoe Ms. Lorie R. Brinegar Ms. Lisa R. George
Draba) Ms. Beth Broadwell Georgia Perimeter College
Ms. Amber Dawn Brown Ms. Kerri A. Gingerich
Ptilimnium nodosum Ms. Cynthia M. Brown Ms. Alma P. Gloria
(Harperella) Ms. Nancy C. Brown Jami M. Gomarko D.C.
Virginia Native Plant Society Stephanie L. Brown Ms. Jennifer S. Schertzing
Rayjacksonia aurea Ms. Amy L. Bruzzone Gormley
(Houston camphor Ms. Terrie C. Bryan Ms. Emily B. Graham
daisy) Ms. Katrina M. Burks Ms. Diana M. Granger
Ms. Suzzanne Chapman, in Ms. Katherine P. Burns Ms. Donna C. Grass
Honor of Blanca and William Ms. Selena E. Burns Ms. Jennifer S. Graves
Othon Burt Grant Salon Ms. Ellen Green
Greg and Kay Crouch Ms. Patricia L. Butler Green Mountain Energy Co.
Lakewood Forest Garden Club Ms. Diana H. Callaway Ms. Kathryn A. Grier
Ms. Courtney T. Griffin
Ms. Renny A. Griffin
Ms. Celeste Gruhin
Ms. Ebony S. Hagler
Ms. Lori Hall
Ms. Carol Ham
Hands of Gold Massage Therapy
Ms. Elizabeth E. Hardin
Harmony Salon
Ms. Alnita B. Harrison
Ms. Brenda L. Hart
Ms. Janice B. Hartness
Ms. Emily Hayes
Ms. Helen E. Hawkins-Smith
Ms. Melinda S. Heath
Ms. Kathleen A. Henneberry
Ms. Maria Hernandez
Ms. Rebecca R. Hickman
Ms. Laurie E. Hicks
Mr. Les Hill
Ms. Mary Lusan Hill
Ms. Suzanne J. Hollingsworth
Mr. John Hollister
Ms. Deborah L. Honeycutt
Mr. James Joseph Horrigan
Ms. Beth Howles
Hsin-Yeh Hsieh
Ms. Sherry R. Hufham
Mrs. Martha S. Hunt
Ms. Cynthia S. Hurst
Ms. Marilyn Ihloff
Ihloff Salon & Day Spa
In Sync Corp.
Ms. Nina M. Irwin
It’s All About You Salon
Ivy Salon & Spa
Ms. Becky Jackson
Ms. Gail Jackson
Ms. Kennetha D. Jackson
Jackson Ruiz Salon
Ms. Deborah S. Jarrett
Ms. Lisa Jenkins
Ms. Yolanda L. Jesse
Ms. Tammy B. Johnson
Ms. Catrina Joy Johnston
The Jonas Corporation
Ms. Charlotte A. Jones
Ms. Emily R. Jones
Ms. Jessica Jones
MS. Stephanie Jones
Ms. Marilyn Jordan
Ms. Nancy Jose
Joseph & Friends
Ms. Deborah Joy
Ms. Jennifer Kaminski
P. Kaur
Ms. Lisa M. Keeler
Ms. Ann Keil
Mr. Dustin J. Kelly
Ms. Pamela O. Kelly
Ms. Regina Kelso
Dr. Kathryn L. Kennedy
Ms. Donna L. Kerr
Ms. Allison W. Kinnarney
Kleen Sweep Residential and
Commercial
Ms. Michele Kling
Ms. Michelle Knijnenburg
Mr. Carl Alan Kogan
Jaime La Fuente
Ms. Alison R. Lamore
Ms. Wendy Landes
Ms. Patricia R. Lanning
Ms. Tiffany Lanpher
Ms. Misty Ann Lara
Ms. Ellen M. Lavey
Lee Lawson
Ms. Rebecca K. Layne
Ms. Andrea L. Lester
Mr. Andrew J. Levinson
Ms. Joanne R. Lewis
Ms. Kimberly A. Lewis
Ms. Lisa R. Liles
Ms. Molly W. Lloyd
Ms. Cristina R. Lopez
Ms. Raewyn Leigh Lowe
Mr. Scot Lujan
Ms. Allison K. Maddox
Maren Karsen Salon Inc.
Ms. April S. Marrs
Ms. Amanda Marshall
Ms. Jessica R. Mason
Ms. Tonya B. Mason
Ms. Angela M. Massengill
Ms. B. Chantal Mathews
Ms. Andrea L. Matthews
Maximum FX
Ms. Janet McCarthy
Ms. Susan L. McConnell
Ms. Veronica McCoy
Ms. Kelly G. McClure
Ms. Jennifer C. McDonald
Ms. Gay L. McFarland
Ms. Kathryn L. McKeen
Ms. Sarah McKenna
Ms. Michele McMillen
Ms. Cheri A. Melfi
Ms. Karen E. Messenger
Ms. Julie E. Meyer
Ms. Dianne Meyr
Ms. Steela Jo Micco
Ms. Connie Mill
Ms. Susan S. Miller
Modern Salon Inc.
Ms. Vicki S. Monteleone
Ms. Diana G. Morris
Mr. G. Scott Morris
Ms. Amy Mota
Ms. Karen E. Muller
Ms. Andrea M. Murdock
Ms. Mary Kate Murphy
Ms. Jennifer L. Myrick
Natural Alternative Spa & Salon
Natural Bliss
Nature’s Way Day Spa & Salon
Neil’s Hair Now
New Attitude Salon & Spa
Ms. Amie C. Nguyen
Ms. Annetta M. Nickerson
Mr. Michael J. Nix-Tipton
Noelyne Ltd.
Ms. Donna M. Nolte
Ms. Vicki S. Norman
Ms. Patricia A. Novelli
Ms. Bridget O’Malley
Ms. Shannon M. O’Neill
Ms. Laris Olinghouse
Ms. Ruthy Olinghouse
Ms. Nancy Sutherland Olmi
Ms. Elizabeth Orr
The Parasol Hair Studio
Ms. Paula S. Parris
Ms. Julie Ann Parrish
Mr. David E. Patterson III
Mr. Michael R. Patton
Ms. Heidi K. Paulsen
Mr. Tim J. Payne
Peles Salon
Ms. Kimberly Perdue
Ms. G. Diane Peterman
Ms. J. Claire Cannon Phillips
Ms. Stephanie B. Phillips
Ms. Laura Pittman
Ms. Cynthia J. Plancon
Ms. Sharon K. Orr Polovny
Ms. Lisa M. Porter
Ms. Anupama Pothuraju
Ms. Rhonda Potter
Ms. Alyce E. Powell
Ms. Katie C. Powell
Ms. Jennifer Prenger
Ms. Kelly Randles
Ms. Connie C. Rasberry
Mr. Derek C. Reavis
Red Jasper Spa
Ms. Irene Register
Ms. Erin M. Reiser
Mr. Jimmy G. Rhea
Ms. Mary Rhodes
Richard Joseph Salon Group Inc.
Ms. Alicia Richardson
Ms. Avelina Rivas
Ms. Lauren N. Robillard
Ms. Amanda Robison
Ms. Marsha Rodgers
Mr. William Edward Romero
Ms. Julie Romine
Azarm Rouhani
Ms. Lauren E. Roy
C.M. Rucker
Ms. Theresa W. Ruhlman
Ms. Lynn Barrett Ruth
The Salon at Park West
Salon Marchi Day Spa
Salon Moda
Salon Phifer Inc.
Salon Venessa
Salon Visage
Ms. Monica A. Sanchez
Ms. Denise E. Saunders
Ms. Gaye Schaff-Tomko
Ms. Rebecca C. Shaffer
Ms. Marcia Schlesser Mr. Carson Lindsey Turner
Ms. Pamela S. Schmuck Ms. Julie K. Underwood
Ms. Denise O. Schodowski Mr. Kent Van Buskirk
Ms. Micki R. Schrag Ms. Katie Van Sloten
Mr. Jason P. Scoggin Mr. Alejandro Valentin
Scott Whitney Salon Ms. Nilda Valle
Ms. Stephanie R. Seehausen Van Michael Total Body Salon
Serenity Day Spa/Salon Vanason’s Inc.
Ms. Anna M. Sexton Vanity Salon & Day Spa
Ms. Melissa Shaffer Ms. Carol Vargo
Ms. Susan M. Sharrow Ms. Heather L. Varner
Ms. Janice Sheftel Mrs. Shawna Vasilko
Ms. M. Elizabeth Sherley Ms. Charlene Venhuizen
Mr. Tony W. Sherrill Jr. Ms. Erin M. Vernon
Ms. Janie L. Shivar Ms. Sheri W. Verroi
Ms. Katherine Siegel VM Management Inc.
Ms. Beverly R. Simmon Von Kekel Salon Spa
Ms. Emily E. Smith Ms. V. Christine Waggoner
Ms. Rachael Smith Ms. Patsy Wakefield
Ms. Jennifer J. Snively Ms. Amanda Walker
Sorella’s Salon & Spa Ms. Leslie H. Wallace
Ms. Jennifer M. Sorenson Ms. Joan B. Wallick
Ms. Amy B. Spencer Ms. Judith L. Walling
Ms. Kimberly Spitz Ms. Mercedes R. Warren
Ms. Marie A. St. Hilaire Ms. Jane G. Watson
Ms. Rebecca W. Stewart Ms. Jill Watts
Ms. Lucinda M. Stocks Ms. Tammy Whitney
Ms. Amy R. Strickland Ms. Norma Whitt
Ms. Gisele C. Strickland Ms. Joyce Y. Whittaker
Ms. Mary E. Surface Ms. Lisel A. Whittaker
Suzan Charles Salons Wildflower Salon
Shawn Sweet Wildflower Salon & Spa
Ms. Monica B. Swyers Ms. Kathy L. Williams
Ms. Vicky Szemple Ms. Susan C. Willis
Tangerine Ms. Deborah K. Wilson
Ms. Melinda J. Taylor Ms. Jennifer P. Wilson
Ms. Annie K. Thompson Wisteria Salon & Spa
Mr. Stephen R. Thompson Ms. Laura C. Wood
Ms. Jamila A. Tillman Ms. Marci L. Wood
Tillman Salon Ms. Faye A. Woodall
Ms. Stacy F. Tindle The Works Salon
Ms. Angela T. Tong Ms. Maia Worley
Ms. Crystal Trahan Worx Salon
Ms. Brooke E. Triplett Ms. Lilian Yelamo
True Salon Ms. Mary M. Young
Julie Runge Tsikouras Ms. Lori Michelle Zannino
Ms. Anne L. Tuley Ms. Kelly R. Zarwell
Ms. Brooke S. Turner Ms. Joanna Zikos

Give the gift that keeps on growing!

The Center for Plant Conservation’s efforts are made possible artwork by botanical illustrator Bobbi Angell.
by the Friends of CPC. All Friends receive a complimentary sub- Please use the form below either to renew your support or
scription to CPC’s newsletter, Plant Conservation. Friends also re- enroll as a new Friend. Your gift will contribute in an im-
ceive our Friends benefits, with distinctive botanical illustrations portant way to the vital work of saving America’s most
of the imperiled plants that your gifts support. The benefits feature imperiled plants.
q $35...........Friends
q $75...........Family Friends made payable to the Center for Plant Conservation.
q $150.........Sustaining Friends Please charge my: q VISA q Mastercard
q $250.........Benefactors Card No.
q $500........Preserving Donors Name on card
q $1,000.....Conserving Donors
q $5,000.... .President’s Circle Donors Expiration date
Please print your name as you wish it to appear in the newslet-
q This is a gift membership for a new Friend. ter Honor Roll.
(Please list name, address and phone number of re-
cipient on the form at right.)
Your name
(Dr., Mr., Mrs., Ms., Miss, Anonymous)

q Enclosed is my check for $ _______________ Friend’s name (if needed)

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Please send this completed form and payment in enclosed envelope, Address
or mail this form to: Center for Plant Conservation, P.O. Box 299, St. City State
Louis, MO 63166
Zip Telephone

19 www.centerforplantconservation.org
 Plant Profile: Baker’s Larkspur
If native flowers were given medals for
valor for their survival in the midst of tur-
moil like soldiers, then Baker’s Larkspur
(Delphinium bakeri) would be one of
California’s most decorated native plants.
A member of the Buttercup family,
Baker’s Larkspur has survived fire, mow-
ing, animal grazing, invasives, over-col-
lecting, and, most recently, work by road-
side crews. But like the veterans of World
War II, not many are left standing.
It was once more common in the coastal
area, north in Sonoma County, but has been
lost in all previous areas by the conversion
of land for agricultural purposes.
The annual can grow up to 2 feet tall
and features deep blue flowers in the
spring. It grows on thin soil over decom-
posing shale, typically on a north-fac-
ing, rocky slope. The only known popu-
lation in the wild was down to just 50
plants when Marin County workers used
a backhoe to unplug a roadside drain and
then scraped soil containing the largest
remaining plants from the bank in Octo-
Center for
Conservation
P.O. Box 299
St. Louis, MO 63166-0299
Address Service Requested
ber 2004. Only seven plants remained
at the site in spring 2006. One ex situ
population is growing at the University
of California Botanical Garden at Ber-
keley and another at Regional Parks
Botanic Garden, also in Berkeley.
Plants can be easily grown in cultiva-
tion. They need pollination by bumblebees
and hummingbirds in the wild.
Baker’s Larkspur is maintained in the
National Collection of Endangered Plants
by the University of California Botanical
Garden. A recovery management plan is
being developed and seed collection of a
genetically representative sample has
been in development for long-term stor-
age since 2001. These seeds will now be Baker’s Larkspur is not
used in efforts to create new populations. sponsored. To sponsor or help
Dr. James Koontz of Augustana Col- sponsor this plant, please contact
lege in Rock Island, Ill., and Holly CPC at (314) 577-9540 or
cpc@mobot.org
Forbes at Berkeley are studying the ge-
netic variability within the population so Resources Group at the University of
they can guide the development of rein- California-Davis, the UC Botanical
troduction efforts. Part of the funding for Garden and by the U.S. Fish & Wild-
this research has come from the Genetic life Service.
Nonprofit Org.
U.S. Postage
PA I D
St. Louis, MO
Permit No. 1039
Noteworthy
___
The Quarterly Review of Biology
recently published a review of “Ex
Situ Plant Conservation:
Supporting Species Survival in
the Wild.”
Garrison Wilkes, the author of
the review and a professor of
biology at the University of
Massachusetts, wrote that the CPC
book “presents the most mature
and complete coverage of ex situ
conservation for wild plants. This
volume is a job well done.”
Copies can be ordered at our Web
site and clicking on publications.
___
One of CPC’s participating
institutions underwent an identity
unification instead of a crisis.
The University of Washington
Botanic Gardens is the new name for
the more than 320 acres of woodlands
and gardens, herbarium, educational
branch and research centers in Seattle.
The gardens include Washington Park
Arboretum, Center for Urban
Horticulture (CPC’s participating
institution), Elisabeth C. Miller
Library, Otis Hyde Herbarium and
Union Bay Natural Area, all of which
retain their individual names.
The name change reflects the
desire to unify the diverse elements
that represent one of the West Coast’s
largest horticultural institutions.
“The new designation
recognizes the conservation,
research and educational outreach
under way here, as well as the
display of plants,” new director
David Mabberley said in a news
release.
Whatever name they use, the
University of Washington Botanic
21 www.centerforplantconservation.org
23 www.centerforplantconservation.org