International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169

Volume: 5 Issue: 5 1160 1163

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A Review on Electronic Sleep Inducer

Aamir Lone1 Sakshi Sethi2

1 2
Student, B. Tech, Department of Biomedical Engineering Assistant professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering
Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
aamirlone1913@gmail.com sakshisethi.798@gmail.com

Abstract: Mental stress is an acute problem nowadays which results in Insomnia. Insomnia means lack of sleep, which halter our ability to carry
our daily responsibilities. Depression, memory problems, heart diseases, can occur due to this disease. As there is nothing pleasant as a sound
sleep, people usually take high drug dosages to overcome this problem which is disadvantageous for body. High dosages ultimately lead to the
addiction which has adverse effect on the patient.
The presence of magnetic fields in earth is known as Geo-magnetic fields, on earths surface these magnetic fields are usually dipolar. In natural
surroundings like tents or a hut most of the people find it pleasant sleeping over there, it is because of the alterations in their EEG by the
interference of geo magnetic field. This is not possible only because of the healthy atmosphere but also from our inability to perceive earths
magnetic fields. This project is basically about these Geo-magnetic fields. All the researches finally lead to design a device which leads to
formation of electromagnetic field which is created and radiated by a radiator coil; an ideal environment can be created for a sound sleep by this
device. This paper presents the prototype for a cost effective, user friendly system that helps to overcome this disease (Insomnia).

Keywords Insomnia, Geo-magnetic fields, Radiator coil, EEG, electromagnetic field.

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I. INTRODUCTION the one which lasts for around seven days or less, acute
All types of insomnia lead to diverse effects like day time lasting for thirty days or less and chronic lasts for more than
drowsiness, Irritability, lack of concentration which affects thirty days [2].
our day to day responsibilities as we have trouble
concentrating due to the sleep deprivation. For treatment of A. Divisions of patterns of Brain waves
various physical disorders magnets have been used for Beta wave (14-30Hz)
centuries. Accelerated Transition theory can be used to Alertness, Concentration, Arousal, Cognition.
explain how to get relief from insomnia by achieving low Fights, anxiety, feelings of separation.
strength magnetic fields. Impulsive magnetic field therapy
was also conducted where patient got clear improvement, the Alpha wave (8-13.9Hz)
results were satisfactory like 24% patients got clear results, Increased serotonin production, relaxed focus,
49% had no improvement, and 6% got slight improvement. super learning, Relaxation.
From various researches it was disclosed that it was possible
to induce a wave from a single pulse that looks identical to Theta wave (4-7.9Hz)
the brain waves formed normally during sleep. Binaural beat Increased production of catechol amines, increased
and pulsating light also contribute to brainwave creativity.
entertainment and it was discovered decade ago but it also Rapid eye movement (Dreaming sleep)
had some limitations. The main purpose behind all these
researches was to design a circuit which will form the Delta wave (1-3.9Hz)
similar pattern of waves which are created by the brain Human growth hormone released.
during sleep. This will generate an electromagnetic-field, Non-Rapid eye movement (dreamless sleep)
which results in a prolonged and sound sleep without drugs. Acquiring a feeling of lack of awareness of our
[1][8] bodily presence. [16]

II. LITERATURE REVIEW B. Condition of human brain during sleep

Insomnia basically means difficulty with sleep which During the initial stage of sleep, the prevailing EEG pattern
pertains for more than one month. It is mostly common consists of cycles between 7 and 12 hertz. This result in the
among the elderly. Transient insomnia, acute insomnia and wave forms namely alpha rhythm, and is connected with
chronic insomnia are the three main types, transient being satisfaction and a reduced level of attention. When we open
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication
Volume: 5 Issue: 5
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our eyes, and look around there is a change in EEG pattern
which results in alteration of beta rhythm. In children, other
frequencies and waveforms are observed, apart from these
various depths of sleep and different brain disorders such as
epilepsy, insomnia etc. can also be found. As we enter the
sleeping state, brain waves slowdown from beta (12 to 18
Hertz) then to alpha wave (8 to 12 hertz) and finally the
theta wave (4 to 8 hertz). This result in the initialization of
stage one. Lowest amplitude of sleep waves is mostly during
sleeplessness and it demonstrates rise in waves during the
stages of sleep. [1][3]
C. Case Studies done: Electromagnetic Field Therapy
1) Case Study 1: Subject -- Rabbit
Various case studies were conducted to observe the
alternations in brain activity of each animal, these animals
were given a specific dosage of Anaesthesia (2G) and low
strength magnetic field (60Hz) and the outcome was
repeated. a specific experiment design eliminated the
possibility that the outcome of the field was a product of the
method of analysis. Rabbit was the first animal to undergo
this experiment and the procedure was performed when they
were under the effect of anaesthesia. In the end, it was
reasoned out those EMF transduction consequents in the
modification in the brain waves. In various studies usually
subjects, it was proved that the weak magnetic fields of 0-60
cycles per second modifies the EEG in more than 60%
subjects studied. This ultimately leads to conclusion that
there is possibility that outcome of fields on EEG may
require nonlinear neuronal networks. [5][1]
2) Case study 2: subject -- Human
Another subject who was taken for observation was a nurse
Sam (33 years old), due to the night shift duty his circadian
rhythm got disrupted which results in insomnia. After a
certain period of time he found difficulty in falling asleep.
He consulted doctor and was prescribed a conventional
sleeping tablet (Temazepam) but was not able cope due to
the fallout of the medicine. Later on, Sam was suggested a
magnetic pillow which reduces the time to get him in
sleeping state, the results were recorded after few weeks and
he accounted that he slept for four days peacefully out of the
seven nights and in the remaining three nights he would
wake up for smaller period of time the he could get back to
sleep.
III. METHODOLOGY
Electromagnetic induction forecasts how a magnetic field
will cooperate with the circuit designed to form an
electromotive force (EMF). Pattern of Internal neural
frequencies are generated by brain known as, alpha, theta,
delta, and beta; names with different range of frequencies.
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ISSN: 2321-8169
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These formations are changed by the resulting patterns of
electromagnetism from surroundings around us. Radio
waves, mobile phone waves, TV, Noise from circuits are
different kind of waves responsible for generation of
electromagnetic frequencies, the smaller electromagnetic
forms of the Earth are also a portion of the environment. [5]
This fact is known by all of us that earth is encircled by
compelling fields, some are formed by its own magnetism
and others are created by the fluctuations in weather and
solar storms. Electronic devices (e.g. motors, televisions,
computers, power lines) also create magnetic field, even
humans generatean insidious magnetic field, which is due to
chemical reactions taking place in ionic currents of the
nervous system.Researchers have also ascertained that
external magnetic fields impact the functioning of human
body in various ways. To treat and diagnose both physical
and emotional pain magnetic field is very useful; it
alleviates signs and decelerate the series of new disease.
Nowadays magnetic therapies are used to reduce pain,
healing of fractured bones and to fight stress. Scientists had
discovered that if a magnetic field is applied to the topmost
part of head it results in soothing, and has sleep-inducing
effect on brain and bodily functions, which is possible due
to the incentive of the formation of the hormone melatonin.
[1][8]
A. Design of the device
The device was designed on the basis of all the researchers
conducted in the past.
Main components like ICs which meet the criteria of the
circuit were:
IC 4060: this was used to reset the whole operation and also
to make the device work in a particular operation time. It
meets all the requirements. It consists of one master reset
pin, ten buffer output and 3 oscillator terminals. [7]
IC 4093: Toget a desired shape of the wave, IC 4093
satisfy all the requirements because it is a good wave and
pulse shaper. The requisite frequency and wave shape is
obtained by changing the resistor and capacitor values.
. [7]
B. Features of sleep inducer
1. Supports to fall asleep effortlessly.
2. It induces an extended and non-restorative sleep
without the use of drugs.
3. Generates a natural electromagnetic field and No
side effects.
C. Calculation time of operation time
Operation time, t = 2.5*2n*R4*C2
Here, n= Output number (On),
2.5 = Multiplier,
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R4 = Resistor connected to oscillator pin 10
C2 = External Capacitor connected to in 9
Now, consider pin 1 i.e. O11 (n = 11),
R4 = 2.2 M, C2 = 100nF
So, t = (2.5*211*2.2*106*100*10-9) sec.
= 1126.4 sec.
18 min. Similarly, for output pin 2 (O12) & pin 3(0 13)
operation time are 36 minutes and 72 minutes
respectively. [1][2]
IV.WAVE SHAPE ANALYSIS
The main purpose was to generate delta wave, whose sample
given in the fig 2. It is the kind of distinctive delta wave but
is not always identical. The figure of the wave may be
different but frequency will be restricted to 0-5 Hz.
FIGURE 1. Standard Delta wave [1]
Practically the obtained output wave shape is given
below:
FIGURE 2. Wave obtained from the circuit [1]
The wave obtained from the circuit will be similar to the one
shown in the figure. But practically is not possible to obtain
the sinusoidal and impulse part of the similar delta wave at
the exact time. To get a complete figure these parts are
captured by two separate snapshots and are shown side by
side.
LIMITATIONS
Due to less radiated power it was not possible to
measure the radiation using conventional
instruments.
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ISSN: 2321-8169
1160 1163
Surprisingly Practical value was more than
simulation or theoretical value.
Galvanometer has been used for detection of
electromagnetic field, but because of lack of flux
meter in the lab accurate measurements are not
possible.
The test circuit was successful in generating the desired
signal as per the standard specification. The voltage and the
frequency parameters of the generated sleep inducing wave
are shown in the Table I. It can be easily seen that the
induced waveform falls in the low frequency band of EEG
signals. Figure 3 depicts the pulse waveform of 2.5 HZ at
base terminal.
FIGURE 3. Pulse waveform of 2.5Hz at base terminal
(IC4093) [1]
V. DISCUSSION
It was finally concluded that apart from fighting insomnia,
which means no more medication, it also helps to reduce
stress and supports relaxation. The device designed can
provide ideal environment to the brain by generating kind of
geo magnetic fields, which results in a sound sleep. The
device can be made more portable and efficient by enclosing
it in a plastic box. The output obtained was not that
satisfactory due to the limited emission of magnetic field by
radiator coil, hence if more research is done on this aspect it
can be improved, which will make it more efficient and
convenient.
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Volume: 5 Issue: 5 1160 1163
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