Paper Authors Topic Previous work Methodology Contribution Remarks

Sl.No (Year) (From Cross

references)
1 Clemente Experiment Grid integration Electric vehicles A prototype advantage
Capasso , al Study of of electric are charged for charging s in terms
Ottorino DC charging vehicles [1-6] through methods of energy
Veneri station for Characteristics bidirectional performance efficiency
(2015) full electric of Lithium DC/DC evaluation is and costs
and plug in based converters given [19,24]
hybrid batteries[7-12]
vehicles Slow charging Good
mode of EV reference
battery for off for
peak times of hardware
Grid[13-15] implement
Fast charging ation of
mode of charging
batteries [16] station
Ancillary
services for
V2G [17-25]
Bidirectional Dc
Dc Converters
as Grid tie
Converters in
V2G[19-24]
Modes of
charging [26]
DC Bus
architecture
V2G[6-8,27-32]

2 Tanmoy Multiphase Need for a This paper A prototype

Bhattacharya, Bidirectiona bidirectional proposed a of the
V. Shriganesh l Flyback converter[1], four-phase proposed Good
Giri, K. Converter Use of a bidirectional fly bidirectional practical
Mathew, Topology bidirectional back dcdc converter is approach
L. Umanand for Hybrid converter in converter which made and of
Electric PMAC serves the role experimental topology
Vehicles motors[2], of an MPP ly verified.
Soft-switching interface for
techniques Electric and
Convertors[3], hybrid electric
ZVS techniques vehicle
for different applications.
non isolated The
dcdc bidirectional
converters[4], nature of the
Soft-switching converter allows
topology for battery charging
zetafly back during
converter[5], regeneration
Dual half- and also from
bridge mains. The
topology[6], multiple phases
Bidirectional fly give the
back flexibility of
dcdc paralleling
converter with multiple
ZCS[7], batteries
Automotive
Application of
Converters[8],
Scheme for
systems in
electric
vehicle[9],
Three-port
magnetically
coupled
Bi directional
converter
topology[10],
Multi-input
Bi directional
dcdc
converter
topology[11]
Voltage-
clamped
technology
to reduce the
switch voltage
stress[12],
Use of a three-
winding
coupled
inductor in
achieving high
voltage
gains[13],
Coupled-
inductor
winding
technique to
reduce leakage
 flux[14]

3 Oscar Garca, Automotive Interleaving In this paper, Design ,

Angel de DCDC technique in two multiphase simulate and
Castro, Bidirectiona Automotive 1000-W dcdc implementati
Jos A. Cobos l Converter electronics[1], converters on of two
[2006] Made With use of three made 1000-W Used for
Many to five Of many prototypes reference,
Interleaved paralleled buck interleaved buck Using surface Maybe
Buck Stages stages (phases) phases (16 and mount outdated
to build the 36) are technology one.
converter[2]- proposed. The devices (SO-8
[5], main feature is transistors).
Comparison that they have
between this been
multiphase implemented
converter with using surface
single buck mounting
converter[2], devices (SMD),
advantage keeping a very
of interleave good
technique[3], Efficiency (94%
CAD tool to 95%), and
calculate the avoiding the use
number of of heat sinks.
phases to Thus,
optimize cost, The look of
size, and these dc/dc
weight[4], converters is
Magnetic rather different
component to than others.
couple all the
phases[5],
Obtaining a size
reduction
compared with
inductors for
the same
power losses[6]

1. The 2. The Thorough

algorith com overview
m binat of the
4 M.A. Hannan, Hybrid Emphasis on strategy ion challenges
F.A. Azidin,
electric green of the of a in
A. Mohamed
2014 vehicles and technology[1] power batte modeling
their Essence of manage ry HE
challenges: electric ment and
A review vehicles[2] system SC in
Fuel cells in follows a
EV[3], three multi
Multiple FCs in principl -
series and es: the pow
parallel-uses[4] SC er
applications of develop syste
FCs[5-7] s the msh
Comparison demand owe
between FC current da
and ICE[8,9], at high bette
Downside of accelera r
FC[10],Types of tion, the regul
FC[11] energy battery ation
management provides of
system for current the
hybrid accordin vehic
vehicles[12], g to the le
leadacid recomm tracti
batteries and ended on
advantages rate syste
[12] Super and the m dc
capacitor[13] remaini volta
ultra ng ge
capacitors[14 current com
Li-ion battery is pare
advantages[15] support d
Solar cells [16] ed by with
Its the SC a
advantages[17] batte
Categories of ry as
PV cells[18] a
Its singl
explanation[19] e
Fuel cells[20] pow
FC hybrid er
locomotives[21 sour
] ce
combination of [79].
batteries and In the EMS,
FCs[22] the SC has
structure of a two
hybrid functions
system[22] that enhance
application of a the power
SC in FC hybrid demand and
power extend the
sources[23] battery life
behavior of by
HEV systems compensatin
and internal g for the high
combustion current of
vehicles under the load [71].
a reference
driving
cycle[24-25]
Vehicle
Simulation
Program[26]
Need for MPPT
Charging[27,28,
29]
boost
converter for
MPPT[30]
research on
Solar
rickshaw[31,32]
hybrid drive
trains with
solar[33]
EMS[26,35]
PHEVs with
dual clutch
transmission
[36,37]
modeling and
simulation of
an EMS for a
PHEV[38]
power control
strategy for
HEVs using
ADVISR
software[39]
fuzzy-based
control strategy
for hybrid
vehicles[40]
virtual vehicle
design[41]
Paper #5:

A comparative study of equivalent circuit models and enhanced equivalent circuit models of lithium-ion
batteries with different model structures

Authors:

Guangming Liu a, Languang Lu a, Hong Fu b, Jianfeng Hua c,Jianqiu Li a, Minggao Ouyang a, Yanjing
Wang b, Shan

Xue b, Ping Chen b,

Proceedings of ITEC Asia Pacific 2014,

Cross References:

The driving range of PEV is not competitive and is hence the main barrier from the consumers
viewpoint [1]

[1] M.K. Hidrue, G.R. Parsons, W. Kempton, and M.P. Gardner, Willingness to pay for electric vehicles and their
attributes, Resour. Energ. Econ., vol. 33, pp. 686705, 2011

In order to limit the passengers anxiety about an unreachable destination due to inaccurate
prediction of PEV remaining driving range (RDR), the battery remaining discharge energy (ERDE) needs
to be precisely estimated [2].

[2] J. Neubauer and E. Wood, The impact of range anxiety and home, workplace, and public charging
infrastructure on simulated battery electric vehicle lifetime utility, J. Power Sources, vol. 257, pp. 1220,2014.

Most of the studies on lithium-ion battery modeling focus on equivalent circuit models (ECM) [3-8].

[3] A. Seaman, T.S. Dao, and J. McPhee, A survey of mathematics-based equivalent -circuit and electrochemical battery
models for hybrid and electric vehicle simulat ion, J. Power Sources, vol. 256, pp. 410423,2014.

[4] X. Lin, H.E. Perez, S. Mohan, J.B. Siegel, A.G. Stefanopoulou, Y. Ding, et al, A lumped-parameter elect ro-thermal
model for cylindrical bat teries, J. Power Sources, vol. 257, pp. 111, 2014.

[5] B.Y. Liaw, G. Nagasubramanian, R.G. Jungst, and Doughty DH, Modeling of lithium ion cells a simple equivalent
circuit model approach, Solid. State. Ionics, vol. 175, pp. 835839, 2004.

[6] M. Dubarry and B.Y. Liaw, Development of a universal modeling tool for rechargeable lithium batteries. J. Power
Sources, vol. 174, pp. 856 860, 2007.

[7] L. Lu, X. HAN, J. LI, J. Hua, and M. Ouyang, A review on the key issues for lithium-ion battery management in electric
vehicles, J. Power Sources, vol. 226, pp. 272-288, 2013.

[8] X. Hu, S. Li, and H. Peng, A comparative study of equivalent circuit models for Li-ion batteries, J. Power Sources, vol.
198, pp. 359 367, 2012
Most of the studies on lithium-ion battery modeling focus on electrochemical models [9-12]

[9] M. Doyle, T.F. Fuller, and J. Newman, Modeling of Galvanostat ic Charge and Discharge of the
Lithium/Polymer/Insert ion Cell, J. Elect rochem. Soc., vol. 140, pp. 15261533, 1993.

[10] K. Smith and C.Y. Wang, Solid-state diffusion limitat ions on pulse operat ion of a lithium ion cell for hybrid electric
vehicles, J. Power Sources, vol. 161, pp. 628639, 2006.

The single-particle electrochemical model (SPM) is used as the theoretical basis in our discussion [11,12]

[11] S. Santhanagopalan and R.E. White, Online est imat ion of the state of charge of a lithium ion cell, J. Power
Sources, vol. 161, pp. 13461355, 2006.

[12] E. Prada, D.D. Domenico, Y. Creff, J. Bernard, V. Sauvant-Moynot , and F. Huet , Simplified Elect rochemical and
Thermal Model of LiFePO4- Graphite Li-Ion Batteries for Fast Charge Applicat ions, J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 159, pp.
A15081519, 2012

Contribution:

The model 1RC-1DS EECM is proved as the proper model with balanced accuracy and complexity.

Remarks:

The paper is contemporary and useful reference for deciding which model of battery is to be used for modelling EV
system.
Paper #6:

A Comparison of Different Types of Motors Used For Low Speed Electric Vehicles: Experiments and:

Simulations

Authors:

WANG Yue, GAO Dawei State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University

Cross References:

With the advancement of power electronic devices and converters, the creation of new materials and
new control algorithms, more powerful and efficient motors like permanent magnet synchronous
motor (PMSM), brushless DC motor (BLDCM), and switched reluctance motor (SRM) are more widely
applied recently [1-2].

[1] C. C. Chan, An overview of electric vehicle technology, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 81, pp. 1202-
1213, 1993.

[2] Pellegrino, Gianmario, et al, Performance comparison between surface-mounted and interior PM
motor drives for electric vehicle application, Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on vol. 59, pp.

803-811, 2012.

The choosing of motor and its inverter plays an essential role in deciding the performance and cost of
the low speed EV. Factors should be considered include power, reliability, life, maintenance, control
complexity, and cost [3-4]

[3] M. Knowles, Through-life management of electric vehicles, Procedia CIRP, vol. 11, pp. 260-265,
2013.

[4] Kim, Sung-Il, et al, Characteristics comparison of a conventional and modified spoke-type ferrite
magnet motor for traction drives of low speed electric vehicles. Energy Conversion Congress and
Exposition (ECCE), 2012 IEEE. IEEE, 2012.

According to the demand of driving, motors used for EVs should have and mechanical characteristic as
is shown in Fig. 1 [5].

[5] De Santiago, Juan, et al, Electrical motor drivelines in commercial all electric vehicles: a review.
Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on vol. 61 pp. 475-484, 2012.
A good EV motor should have high efficiency in all operating mode, strong overload ability and wide
speed range [6].

[6] Dos Santos, Fabio LM, et al, Multiphysics NVH Modeling: Simulation of a Switched Reluctance
Motor for an Electric Vehicle. Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on vol. 61, pp. 469-476, 2014

Contribution:

Although PMSM has many advantages compared with other types of motors used for electric vehicles,
the cost is the most important factors for manufacturers to consider. So PMSM may be the most
promising motors used for EVs with the development of the material and manufacture etc. and there is
a tendency that increasing number of enterprises begin to apply PMSM on low speed EVs.

The results of the finite element analysis show that the loss of the PMSM in no-load condition is smaller

compared with the BLDCM, which is the reason for why the PMSM can perform more efficiently during
the experiments.

Remarks: This paper is a comprehensive review of different types of motors for designing EV motor
drives.

Paper #7:
Impact of EVs and HEVs in Indian Scenario by 2030

Contribution :

By comparing the Co2 emissions of different vehicles in todays scenario and by 2030, it can said that
EVs and HEVs will be very much suitable for future transportation. Two more advantages of using EVs
and HEVs will be: one the KWh required per km will be less and another is: renewable sources of energy
can also be used for charging the batteries.

C02 emission (kg/km) CO2 emission (kg/Km)

for different vehicles.
Type of vehicle
EVs 0.179
HEvs 0.289
Diesel engine 0.454
Gasoline engine 0.367

^ (with present rate of emission), *(with rate of reduction of CO2 by 40% by 2030)

Remarks:

This paper gives analytical and statistical insight into the future scenario of EV in India, primarily.

Paper #8 :
Implementation of autonomous distributed V2G to electric vehicle and DC charging system

Journal : Electric Power Systems Research 120 (2015) 177183

Author:

Yutaka Ota., Haruhito Taniguchi, Jumpei Baba, Akihiko Yokoyama

Cross references:

Smart charging schemes considering the power system operating conditions have been proposed [1
4].

[1] G4V (Grid for Vehicles) [Online]. Available: http://www.g4v.eu

[2] A. Brooks, E. Lu, D. Reicher, C. Spirakis, B. Weihl, Demand dispatch, IEEE PowerEng. Mag. 8 (3) (2010)
2029.

[3] T. Markel, M. Kuss, J. Foster, D. Manz, M. Mahony, M. Nielsen, A. Reid, D. Richrd,The case for open-
source PEV charge management data framework, in: Proc.IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference,
2012, pp. 15.

[4] T. Ikegami, K. Ogimoto, H. Yano, K. Kudo, H. Iguchi, Balancing power supply-demand by controlled
charging of numerous electric vehicles.

Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) brings an additional value to the ancillaryservices of the power system
[5].

[5] W. Kempton, V. Udo, K. Huber, K. Komara, S. Letendre, S. Baker, D. Brunner, N.Pearre, A Test of
Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) for Energy Storage and Frequency Reg-ulation in the PJM System, Publications of
MAGICC (Mid-Atlantic Grid InterfaceCars Consortium), 2009.

Potential analyses and some control strategies of the V2G have been discussed [69].

[6] E. Sortomme, M.A. El-Sharkawi, Optimal combined bidding of Vehicle-to-Gridancillary services, IEEE
Trans. Smart Grid 3 (1) (2012) 7079.

[7] H. Sekyung, H. Soohee, K. Sezaki, Estimation of achievable power capacity fromplug-in electric
vehicles for V2G frequency regulation: case studies for marketparticipation, IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 2 (4)
(2011) 632641.

[8] J.A.P. Lopes, F.J. Soares, P.M.R. Almeida, Integration of electric vehicles in theelectric power system,
Proc. IEEE 99 (1) (2011) 168183.

[9] M.D. Galus, S. Koch, G. Andersson, Provision of load frequency control by PHEVs,controllable loads,
and a cogeneration unit, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 58 (10)(2011) 45684582
The author also proposed an integrated load frequency control (LFC) scheme consisted with an
autonomous distributed V2G [10]

[10] Y. Ota, H. Taniguchi, T. Nakajima, K.M. Liyanage, J. Baba, A. Yokoyama,Autonomous distributed V2G
(Vehicle-to-Grid) satisfying scheduled charging,IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 3 (1) (2012) 559564.

The author also proposed an aggregation strategy of the multiple EVs [11].

[11] K. Shimizu, T. Masuta, Y. Ota, A. Yokoyama, A new load frequency control method in power system
using Vehicle-to-Grid system considering users convenience, in: Proc. Power System Computation
Conference, 2011, pp. 17.

Toward the actual implementation of the V2G to the EV and the charging system, the V2G capable
motor inverter [5], on-board charger [1214..], and off-board charger [15] have so far been
investigated.

[12] R.J. Ferreira, L.M. Miranda, R.E. Araujo, J.P. Lopes, A new bi-directional charger for Vehicle-to-Grid
integration, in: Proc. IEEE ISGT Europe, 2011, pp. 15

.[13] P.B. Anderson, R. Garcia-Valle, W. Kempton, A comparison of electric vehicle integration projects,
in: Proc. IEEE PES ISGT Europe, 2012, pp. 17.[

14] L. Tang, G. Su, Using onboard electrical propulsion system to provide plug-in charging, V2G and
mobile power generation capabilities for HEVs, in: Proc. IEEE Electric Vehicle Conference, 2012, pp. 18.

[15] Next Generation EV Charging Infrastructure, Ideal Power Converters White Paper, 2013.

Contribution:

In this paper, the autonomous distributed V2G control requiring seamless and quick response is actually
implemented to an EV and charging system for a trial. A bi-directional controllable power conditioner is
connected with an EV battery test-bed through the DC quick charging port equipped with the
commercial EVs .A smart interface controller integrates communication and control of the EV and
charging system.This paper addresses an example of the off-board DC charging system for the V2G.

The trial experiences crossing the power and automotive industries by this paper would contribute the
actual realization of the V2G technologies to the grid ancillary service and the microgrid operation. The
centralized LFC and further fast demand response schemes are being demonstrated by coordinating
remote systems via Ethernet communication.

Remarks :

A prototype for experimental realization of V2G concept has been presented. Comprehensive analysis of
all concepts, but maybe costly setup.

Paper #9:
Electric vehicle battery charger for smart grids

Electric Power Systems Research 90 (2012) 18 29

Author :

Javier Gallardo-Lozano., M. Isabel Milanes-Montero, Miguel A. Guerrero-Martinez,

Enrique Romero-Cadaval

Cross References :

Nowadays, a great study of charger models is being carried out [19].

[1] D.C. Erb, O.C. Onar, A. Khaligh, Bi-directional charging topologies for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles,
in: Proc. Twenty-Fifth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conf. and Exposition (APEC), 2010, pp.
20662072.

[2] K.-H. Chao, P.-Y. Chen, C.-H. Cheng, A three-level converter with output voltage control for high-
speed railway tractions, in: Proc. 33rd Annual Conf. of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society IECON 2007,
2007, pp. 17931798.

[3] S. Jaganathan, W. Gao, Battery charging power electronics converter and control for plug-in hybrid
electric vehicle, in: Proc. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conf. VPPC09, 2009, pp. 440447.

[4] I. Cvetkovic, T. Thacker, D. Dong, G. Francis, V. Podosinov, D. Boroyevich, F. Wang, R. Burgos, G.

Skutt, J. Lesko, Future home uninterruptible renewable Gallardo-Lozano et al. / Electric Power Systems
Research 90 (2012) 18 29 29 energy system with vehicle-to-grid technology, in: Proc. IEEE Energy
Conversion Congress and Exposition ECCE 2009, 2009, pp. 26752681.

[5] L. Tang, G.-J. Su, A low-cost, digitally-controlled charger for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, in: Proc.
IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition ECCE 2009, 2009, pp. 39233929.

[6] M.C. Kisacikoglu, B. Ozpineci, L.M. Tolbert, Examination of a PHEV bidirectional charger system for
V2G reactive power compensation, in: Proc. Twenty-fifth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conf.
and Exposition (APEC), 2010, pp. 458465.

[7] X. Zhou, S. Lukic, S. Bhattacharya, A. Huang, Design and control of grid connected converter in bi-
directional battery charger for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle application, in: Proc. IEEE Vehicle Power
and Propulsion Conf. VPPC09, 2009, pp. 17161721.

[8] X. Zhou, G. Wang, S. Lukic, S. Bhattacharya, A. Huang, Multi-function bidirectional battery charger for
plug-in hybrid electric vehicle application, in: Proc. IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition
ECCE 2009, 2009, pp. 39303936.

[9] Y.-J. Lee, A. Khaligh, A. Emadi, Advanced integrated bidirectional AC/DC and DC/DC converter for
plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 58 (2009) 39703980.
The impact of the EVs in the grid power quality is being analyzed in recent years [1012].

[10] Y. Du, X. Zhou, S. Bai, S. Lukic, A. Huang, Review of non-isolated bi-directional DCDC converters for
plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charge station application at municipal parking decks, in: Proc. Twenty-
fifth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conf. and Exposition (APEC), 2010, pp. 11451151.

[11] O.C. Onar, A. Khaligh, Grid interactions and stability analysis of distribution power network with
high penetration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, in: Proc. Twenty-fifth Annual IEEE Applied Power
Electronics Conf. and Exposition (APEC), 2010, pp. 17551762.

[12] P.S. Moses, S. Deilami, A.S. Masoum, M.A.S. Masoum, Power quality of smart grids with plug-in
electric vehicles considering battery charging profile, in: Proc. IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid
Technologies Conf. Europe (ISGT Europe), 2010, pp. 17.

The SAE Standard J2894 [13] provides guidelines and standards for the quality of the charging voltage
and current at the vehicle itself.

[13] SAE Standard J2894, Power quality requirements for plug in vehicle chargers,

2010.

The SAE Standard J2894 is based on Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Recommended Practice
TR-109023 [14]

[14] Recommended Practice TR-109023, EV charging equipment operational recommendations

for power quality, 1997.

The V2G technology is crucial from the viewpoint of the European Union [15]

[15] Objective GC-ICT-2011-6.8. ICT for Fully Electric Vehicles,

2011,http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/micro-nanosystems/docs/green-carsfactsheet-

wp2011 en.pdf.

The control strategy is based on the terms of power defined in the recently published IEEE Standard
1459-2010 [16],

[16] IEEE Standard definitions for the measurement of electric power quantities

Under sinusoidal, non-sinusoidal, balanced, or unbalanced conditions, 2010.

Methodology:

The aim of the proposed topology is to charge the battery demanding energy from the grid (in case the
vehicle is pretended to be driven in a near future) or to discharge it returning the energy into the grid
(for instance, when the car is parked at peaks of consumer energy demand to the grid).
The DC/DC converter is in charge of adapting the battery output voltage to the suitable inverter input
voltage. In addition, the voltage in the inverter input is fixed to a constant level, independently of the
voltage variation in the battery output due to its State-Of- Charge.

On one hand, the bidirectional inverter performs the function of converting the DC values (from the
DC/DC converter) to the suitable AC values in order to inject (or demand) sinusoidal currents in phase
with the voltage into the grid. On the other hand, in case the battery is being charged, the inverter
converts the AC values (from the grid) to the suitable constant DC values with which the DC/DC
converter works. The criterion to determine the charge or discharge of the battery is the direction of the
current

Contribution:
In this paper, an on-board three-phase battery charger suitable for smart grids is presented. A novel
control strategy is developed and then applied to a very simple topology in order to check that it allows bi-
directional operation, charging of the battery and feeding power from the vehicle to the grid {V2G).
Remarks:

Nice paper for understanding the battery on board charger control strategies using Bidirectional DC DC
Converter for V2G simulation in MATLAB and prototyping .

Paper #10:
A Novel Battery Charging Control Scheme for On-board Charger Integrated Switched
Reluctance Motor Drive, Proceedings of ITEC Asia Pacific , 2014.
Authors:
Xiaoming WANG1, Chun GAN1, Yihua HU2, Wenping CAO3, Xiangping CHEN4

Previous Work (Cross References):

Currently one of technical challenges lies in the use of battery chargers to provide the DC voltage
required to charge battery packs [1]-[5].

[1] Jianing, L., et al. A compact integrated switched reluctance motor drive with bridgeless PFC converter, Energy
Conversion Congress and
Exposition (ECCE), 2013 IEEE. 2013.
[2] Lai, J., et al., A high-efficiency on-board charger utilitzing a hybrid LLC and phase-shift DC-DC converter,
2014 IEEE. p. 1-8.
[3] Glanzer,G.,et al., Cost-efficient integration of electric vehicles with the power grid by means of smart charging
strategies and integrated onboard chargers, 2011, IEEE. p .1-4.
[4] Solero, L., Nonconventional on-board charger for electric vehicle propulsion batteries, IEEE Transactions on
Vehicular Technology,
2001. 50(1): p. 144-149.
[5] Ye, H., et al. The study of the on-board charger with the bridgeless PFC, Power Electronics Systems and
Applications (PESA), 2011 4th
International Conference on. 2011: IEEE.

The integrated converter technology that is embedded components of the motor drive
system has been the critical technology on EV/PHEV applications [6]-[13].

[6] Haghbin, S., et al., An Integrated 20-kW Motor Drive and Isolated Battery Charger for Plug-In Vehicles, IEEE
Transactions on Power Electronics, 2013. 28(8): p. 4013-4029.
[7] Aguilar, C. et al., An integrated battery charger/discharger with power factor correction, IEEE Transactions on
Industrial Electronics, 1997. 44(5): p. 597--603.
[8] Chang, H. and C. Liaw, An Integrated Driving/Charging Switched Reluctance Motor Drive Using Three-Phase
Power Module, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2011. 58(5): p. 1763-1775.
[9] Dorrell, D.G., et al., Analysis and Design Techniques Applied to Hybrid Vehicle Drive Machines assessment
of Alternative IPM and Induction Motor Topologies, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2012. 59(10): p.
3690-3699.
[10] Jianing, L., et al., Analysis of Passive Boost Power Converter for Three-Phase SR Drive, IEEE Transactions
on Industrial Electronics, 2010. 57(9): p. 2961-2971.
[11] Bilgin, B., A. Emadi and M. Krishnamurthy, Comprehensive Evaluation of the Dynamic Performance of a
6/10 SRM for Traction Application in PHEVs, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2013. 60(7): p. 2564-
2575.
[12] Hung-Chun, C. and L. Chang-Ming, Development of a Compact Switched-Reluctance Motor Drive for EV
Propulsion With Voltage- Boosting and PFC Charging Capabilities, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,
2009. 58(7): p. 3198-3215.
[13] Yilmaz, M. and P.T. Krein, Review of Battery Charger Topologies, Charging Power Levels, and Infrastructure
for Plug-In Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2013.28(5): p. 2151-2169.

The three-phase windings can be used as inductors in the power electronic converters
during the charging period [14]-[19].
[14] Lisheng, S., A. Meintz and M. Ferdowsi. Single-phase bidirectional AC-DC converters for plug-in hybrid
electric vehicle applications, in
Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, 2008. VPPC '08. IEEE. 2008. Harbin.
[15] Takeno, M., et al., Test Results and Torque Improvement of the 50- kW Switched Reluctance Motor Designed
for Hybrid Electric
Vehicles, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2012. 48(4): p.1327-1334.
[16] Chiba, A., et al., Torque Density and Efficiency Improvements of a Switched Reluctance Motor Without Rare-
Earth Material for Hybrid
Vehicles, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2011. 47(3): p.1240-1246.
[17] Hu, Y., et al., New SR Drive with Integrated Charging Capacity for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
(PHEVs), IEEE Transactions in
Industrial Electronics, on. 2014. p. 1-1.
[18] Hu, Y., et al., A high step-up passive absorption circuit used in nonisolated high step-up converter, 2013,
IEEE. p. 1966 - 1971.
[19] Hu, Y., et al., A three-port high step-up DC-DC converter for PV system, 2013, IEEE. p. 285 - 290.

Methodology:
This paper presents a novel battery charging control scheme for an on-board charger
integrated switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive system. The SRM drive is equipped
with a modified Millers converter which integrates driving and charging function. By
employing the phase windings as inductors and keeping the rotor standstill, the on-board
charger operates in buck mode or boost mode due to the comparison of the input voltage
and the output voltage. To realize the constant current charging both in the buck mode
and the boost mode, a novel digital controller is developed.

Contribution:
(i) the phase windings are utilized as charging inductors for fast charging purpose;
(ii) the converter operates in either buck mode or boost mode by comparing the input
source voltage and the battery voltage during the charging mode;
(iii) a digital controller is designed to realize the constant current charging to improve
the battery performance.
Remarks:

Usage of SRM for EV applications and TMS320F28335 DSP processor as digital controller is to
be learnt.

Paper #11 :
A Supervisory Energy Management Control Strategy in a Battery/ Ultracapacitor Hybrid
Energy Storage System ,
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION
Authors:
Junyi Shen, Student Member, IEEE, and Alireza Khaligh, Senior Member, IEEE

Methodology:

In this work, a multi-objective optimization problem is formulated to optimize the power split in order to prolong the
battery lifetime and to reduce the HESS power losses. In this HESS energy management problem, a detailed dc-dc
converter model is considered to include both the conduction losses and the switching losses. The optimization problem is
numerically solved for various drive cycle datasets using dynamic programming (DP). Trained using the DP results, an
effective and intelligent online implementation of the optimal power split is realized based on neural networks (NN). The
proposed online intelligent energy management controller is applied to a midsize EV. A rule-based control strategy is also
implemented in this work for comparison with the proposed energy management strategy. The proposed online energy
management controller effectively splits the load demand and achieves excellent result of the energy efficiency. It is also
estimated that the proposed online energy management controller can extend the battery life by over 6

Previous work(Cross references):