Simple Properties of Z-Transforms

Property Sequence z-transform

1. linearity c xn + d yn c Z[xn ] + d Z[yn ]

z 1m
2. delayed unit step u[n m]
z1
1
3. single delay xn1 u[n 1] Z[xn ]
z
1
4. time delayed shift xnm u[n m] Z[xn ]
zm
m1
z m (Z[xn ] xi z m )
P
5. time advance xn+m
i=0

6. one-step advance xn+1 z (Z[xn ] xo )

7. two-step advance xn+2 z 2 (Z[xn ] xo x1 z 1 )

8. complex translation e n xn Z[xn ](z e )

z
 
9. frequency scale bn x n Z[xn ]
b
!
d
10. differentiation n xn z Z[xn ]
dz
!
1 Z[xn ](z)

R
11. integration xn dz
n z
1 Z[xn ](z)
z m
R
12. integration shift xn dz
n+m z
n
P
13. time convolution xn ? y n = xn yni Z[xn ] Z[yn ]
i=0
n
P z
14. convolution with yn = 1 xi , Z[xn ]
i=0 z1

15. initial time xo lim Z[xn ](z)

z

16. final value lim xn lim (z 1)Z[xn ](z)

n z1