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Auli Hirtii et aliorum ... -

Commentarii de Bello Gallico ... l

Cicero IDe Officiis, de Senectute, et de
Amicitia ... - - - - - - -- - - -

Ciceronis Tusculanarum Disputationum

Libri V. ... ----

- Orationes (Select), m the Press.

Cornelius Nepos ... - - - -

IDemosthenes de Corona,
AEschines in Ctesiphontem
Euripides. 3 vols. - - -

Tragdi Sex - - - ---

----- - 2 vols. -- -

`S - - - ----

SSe,
.
 Bequest of
Dr. Clelia D Mother
 CLASSICS.
OCTAVO EDITIONS.

THE ETHICS OF ARISTOTLE,

With English Notes. By the Rev. W. E. JELF, B.D.,
Author of the Greek Grammar, &c. 8vo., cloth, 12s.
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The following Plays may also be had separately, at
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 ANNALS OF TACITUS:

WITH

INTRODUCTION, LIFE OF TACITUS, FAMILY OF

AUGUSTUS, CHRONOLOGY OF THE ANNALS,
EXAMINATION-NOTES, AND INDEX,

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 TACITI ANNALIUM. W.

NOTES, VOL. II.

I. 1. Julia Augusta; Livia, mother of Tiberius; see on
i. 8, for her name.
Claudiam familiam; to this she belonged by birth; see
Class. Dict, Drusus, 3, for her father.
Liviorum Juliorumque; her father entered the familia
Livia by adoption, she the familia Julia by the will of
Augustus, i. 8; cf. vi. 51, 1.
atate extrema; Pliny gives eighty-two; Dion Cassius,
eighty-six.
2. bello Perusino; see Class. Dict, Perusia.
3. Casar ; Augustus; properus, adj. for adv., cf. i. 10.
4. communes (i.e. with Aug.) pronepotes, i.e. the children
of Germanicus and Agrippina; Germanicus was grand
son of Livia, through her son Drusus Senior; Agrip
pina was granddaughter of Augustus, through his
daughter Julia; the children of Germanicus and Agrip
pina were thus great-grandchildren of both Livia and
Augustus; see Fam. of Aug., I. B. 8. a', and III. 8,
for Livia, Drusus Senior, and Germanicus; II. 5. ,
for Agrippina, and the children of Agripp. and Ger
manicus.

5. Sanctitate, &c.; in the purity of her domestic life she

was after, &c.
comis, &c., i.e. in elegance of manners she went be
yond the limits allowed of old to Roman matrons.
Z2
340 TACITI ANNALIUM. W. [ch. i.

impotens, domineering; cf. iv. 57, 4, matris impotentia,

&c., and ch. 3, 1, below, Tiberio...obsequium.
facilis, easy, complaisant (to her husband's infideli
ties); we learn this from Dion Cassius and Suetonius.
bene composita, a good match for the politic (crafty)
character of, &c.; she was not deceived by either of
them, and on the other hand avoided offending them.
Caligula called her Ulires stolatus; as we should say,
a Talleyrand in petticoats; compositus is a metaphor
from matched gladiators; Horace, Satires, i. 7, ll.
19-20.

6. diu irritum; Tiberius did not carry out its provisions;

Caligula paid the legacies. -

Laudata est pro Rostris, i.e. her funeral-oration was

pronounced.
C. Casare ; Caligula, son of Agrippina; afterwards
emperor (mox rerum potitus est).

II. 1. quod...defuisset, &c.; i.e. as the reason that, &c.,

though he had (really) not chosen to interrupt the enjoy
ments of his life, he urged in excuse, &c., in a letter (to
the Senate).
addito, neut. abl. absol. ; adding that no, &c.
calestis religio, apotheosis; ceremony of adding any
one to the number of the gods. She was afterwards
deified by Claudius; with a statue in the temple of
Augustus, sacred rites under the care of the Vestals, an
edict that women should swear by her name, and coins
struck to Diva Julia.

2. amicitias muliebres, woman's friends; i.e. he sneered,

in some such words, at the servile flattery of her male
associates.
iv.] NOTES. 341

III. 1. ex eo (tempore).
prarupta, &c., i.e. his rule became nothing but a cruel
and oppressive tyranny; praerupta is a metaphor from
a rugged and inaccessible cliff; it was a furious and
crushing despotism; for dominatio, see on i. 1, intro
ductory notes.
parentis (of Tib.), i.e. Livia; anteire, here, to resist.
2. missa (to the Senate, and there read out); in, against.
Neronem, her son; Fam. of Aug., II. a'.
et cohibitas, i.e. brought to the consuls, but sup
pressed (prevented from being read or acted upon) by
her; for et =sed, cf. i. 13, 2, avidum et minorem.
3. quasita, &c., expressions of refined barbarity.
arma, &c., i.e. charges of (meditated) revolt.
4. arrogantiam oris, i.e. licence of speech (against
himself).
magno (cum) senatus pavore, to the terror of, &c.
singulis, by individuals; or, dat, with gratia.
trahuntur, i.e. trahi solent.
referretur (ad Senatum), i.e. that the letter of Tiberius
should be made subject of debate: Smiths Lat. Dict,
refero, II. 4. iii.
Cotta; see vi. 5, 1.
cum atroci sententia; i.e. Cotta made a proposal of
extreme severity (against Agrippina and Nero).
5. trepidabatur, impersonal; i.e. they knew not what to
do in their fear and agitation.
invectus, &c., though he had assailed them with furious
enmity.
cetera, i.e. his real wishes.
IV. 1. patrum actis, &c., to compile the journal of their
proceedings; see on iii. 3, 2. The proceedings of the
342 TACITI ANNALIUM. W. [ch. iv.

Senate (called commentarii Senatus, in xv. 74) were

preserved, but not published, after the prohibition of it
by Augustus.
meditationes, &c., to be conversant with his plans.
2. fatali... motu, fated (i.e. involuntary) impulse.
constantia, boldness, courage.
prava, misdirected, i.e. likely to injure himself.
imminentium (periculorum); incerta, i.e. future pos
sibilities.
inserere se dubitantibus, joined the waverers, went
about amongst them; cf. i. 28, 5, se inserunt : for dubi
tantibus cf. ch. 3, 5, above, trepidabatur, &c.
relationem; see ch. 3, 4, on referretur.
brevibus, here for levibus; on slight causes, &c.
summa; glancing at the succession to the principatus.
Germanici, i.e. of his wife and son.

3. faustis ... ominibus, prayers for blessings on, &c.; it

was Sejanus they looked on as the real author of the
proceedings against Agrippina and Nero.
falsas (esse), is a forgery.
triste, i.e. for the condemnation of Agripp. and Nero.
4. Ferebantur, were being circulated; i.e. as professedly
extracted from the acta senatus.
sententiae, speeches (delivered in the Senate), as was
pretended (ficta); these are referred to below by Sejanus
as novae conciones, revolutionary speeches.
plerisque, &c., while very many persons vented (in
this form), &c., all the bitterness of their feelings against
him; for libidinem, see on iv. 35, 1.
5 spretum, &c.; indirect speech, giving the substance
of the complaints of Sejanus.
vi.] NOTES. 343

novas, revolutionary.
(eos) quorum imagines, &c., i.e. Sejanus represented
the assembling of the mob round the senate-house as an
act of rebellion, and their carrying of the images of
Nero and Agrippina as raising the standards of a civil
war. On effigies, as standards, see on ii. 18, 2.
W. 1. integra, i.e. that all should be reserved for his
decision.
2. quo minus, &c., i.e. there was no further deliberation
in the Senate to prevent them from declaring (testa
rentur), &c.
paratos (se), i.e. that they, being quite ready to, &c.,
were hampered by want of definite instructions from, &c.
The gap which here occurs in the work included the
events of the remainder of this year, all the next year, and
ten months of the next. Lipsius, the illustrious editor of
Tacitus, exclaims here:-"A sad fate thine, Cornelius!
Not pages, but books have perishedbooks with the ruin
of Agrippina and her children, the ambitious enterprize of
Sejanus, the slaughter of the traitor and his friends, the
crimes and death of Livia,in a word, the flower of thy
history: such care and time those worthy Fathers of the
Church expended in transcribing Orosius and Vopiscus,
and such-like rubbish, and neglecting thy gold.

VI. 1. super ea re, i.e. the conspiracy of Sejanus.

Mihi pudorem, &c.; this is a fragment of a speech
made by some adherent of Sejanus to his friends, in
expectation of being brought to trial, or when not yet
condemned.
allaturum (esse), i.e. that such a course would bring, &c.
2. collegam et generum (Sejanum); Tiberius had made
344 TACITI ANNALIUM. V. [ch. vi.--

Sejanus consul with himself, and had promised him alli

ance by marriage with the Caesars; see iv. 40, 11. collega
is here supposed to refer rather to an expressed intention
of Tiberius to make Sejanus partner of his rule by assign
ing to him the tribunitia potestas. Suetonius, (Tiberius,
ch. 65,) writes of Sejanus as spe affinitatis ac tribunitia
potestatis deceptus. Generum here is for progenerum, as
Sejanus is stated by Zonaras (from Dion Cassius) to
have been married to Julia, daughter of Drusus the
younger; she was, of course, granddaughter of Tiberius,
cf. vi. 8, 6. It is probable that their betrothal had taken
place, but not their marriage, as Dion Cassius in another
place writes of Apicata (see iv. 3, 5) as still wife of
Sejanus, at the time of his fall.
sibi ignoscit, i.e. does not condemn himself (for having
once trusted Sejanus).
(eum) quem per dedecora, &c., whom they, to their dis
grace, fawned on (when alive), they (now) wickedly, &c.;
the scelus consisting in their seeking the destruction of
the innocent friends of a guilty man.
3. Miserius, &c.; supply utrum for an.
5. Vos obtestor, &c.; these words shew that the address is
one to private friends, not in the Senate.
quam laeti; supply magis.
adjiciendo, &c.; explanatory of lati; but shew your
joy by reckoning me amongst, &c.

VII. 1. singulos, i.e. his friends,

ut cuique, &c., as each was inclined to, &c.; taken
after retinens, &c.; dimittens, of course, applies to those
not so inclined.
superesse tempus, &c., i.e. that there was still time
enough before the last scene.
ix.] NOTES. 345

VIII. 1. Relatum (est in Senatu), a motion was brought

before the Senate, i.e. they were arraigned in the Senate.
rebus novis, &c., i.e. of having offered, in aid of the
conspiracy, (to open), &c., and (to pay out), &c.; for
aerarium, see on i. 75.

2. vades extitere, became bail for them; see on iii. 22, 5,

militari custodia.

3. gravatus, weary of, &c.

levem; we learn from Suetonius that his wound was
cured, and that he died afterwards a natural death, still
in his brother's custodia.
vitamque...finivit; and (afterwards) died of a broken
heart.

4, aquus=equo animo. \

IX. 1. Placitum (est Senatui), it was resolved, decreed,

by the Senate.
adverteretur, for animadverteretur, that punishment
(i.e. capital) should be inflicted; cf. ii. 32 ad fin. for
advertere in same sense.
reliquos Sejani liberos; he had three, iv. 3, 5; the elder
son was, probably, put to death with his father.
2. puella; this was the girl who had been betrothed to
the son of Claudius; see on iii. 29, 5.
facturam (esse se), that she would not do so any
morein our childish phrase.
puerili, &c., i.e. that they might correct her like a
child, by whipping.
3. triumvirali; see on iii. 29, 1, vigintiviratus; cf. Horace,
Epodes, iv. 11, flagellis...triumviralibus.
laqueum juxta, i.e. just before (he tied) the rope.
346 TACITI ANNALIUM. W. [ch. ix

oblisis faucibus, i.e. after they were strangled.

id aetatis (a phrase like id temporis ; Smith's Lat.
Dict., is, iii.), though of that tender age.
Gemonias (scalas); Smith's Lat. Dict, gemonia, and
Class. Dict, Roma, xii. -

X. 1. Achaia, i.e. the Roman province of Greece.

acri, &c., more rife than lasting.
Drusum, &c.; he was really at this time a close
prisoner in the palace at Rome; see vi. 23, 4.
2. velut, i.e. as they pretended; quibusdam is dat, with
agnitus, and abl. absol. with comitantibus.
per dolum; i.e. their purpose was to betray him.
ignari, the unwary,
promptis Graecorum animis ad nova et mira, abl. absol.;
and because the minds of Greeks are ever ready to take
in what is strange and startling. See Acts of the
Apostles xvii. 21, and the commentators there,
elapsum (Drusum).
paternos exercitus, i.e. those formerly commanded by
Germanicus, his (pretended) father; i.e. when German.
was in the East; see book ii.

3. publicis studiis, &c., he was being acknowledged by the

open homage of towns.
Macedoniae, &c., engaged with Macedonia (as governor),
had also charge of Achaia; both these were provinces
of the Senate, by the settlement of Augustus (see on
i. 74); from i. 76, 4, we see that they had been trans
ferred to the Caesar's rule, and from i. 80, that Moesia,
Achaia, and Macedonia had all been put under the
charge of Poppaeus Sabinus; see on i. 76, for the policy
of Tiberius in the government of the imperial provinces.
xi.] NOTES. 347

4. anteiret, &c., i.e. might anticipate any mischief that

might arise from his pretensions, true or false.
interrogatum, i.e. that the impostor, having been, &c.
M. Silano; see ii. 59; vi. 20.

XI. 1. diu aucta, of long growth, which had long been

gathering strength.
ministros, tools, accomplices.
2. trahebat, imperfect; wished to bring him to, was for
putting him on, his trial.
noxium, i.e. conscium, participem.
conjurationis, i.e. of Sejanus.
3. ponerent, subj.gov. by ut supplied with orantibus.
 LIB. VI.

I. 1. praelegebat, i.e. made a progress along.

2. aditis, &c., i.e. after visiting, &c.; these were the
horti Caesaris, Horace, Satires, i. 9, l. 18; see Class.
Dict., Roma, xvii. 3; he ascended the Tiber in a trireme,
but did not land.
saxa, &c.; Capreae.
more regio, i.e. like an Eastern monarch.
$ 5. qui inquirerent, i.e. to seek out victims for his
lusts.
dona, &c., after exercebant, employed gifts to en
courage the willing, &c.

II. 1. Liviae; wife of Drusus, son of Tiberius; see

Index; she had been put to death for the murder of
Drusus.
sententia ; i.e. proposals in the Senate.
in effigies...ac memoriam ; see ii. 32, 2, and notes
there.
ablata, &c., i.e. and that his property should be taken
from, &c., and paid into, &c.; for a rarium and fiscus
see on i. 75.
referret, i.e. made any difference, were of any import
ance; it made the confiscation not a bit worse, and
was simply a piece of stupid and disgraceful adulation
to the Caesar.

2. per deridiculum; i.e. because they all well knew that

Tiberius would never return to the city.
3. orabat; he was for begging, proposed to ask.
ch. iii.] NOTES. 349

4. poscentis (i.e. Tiberii); he had believed it was sin

cere; this prob. refers to a letter sent by Tib. to the
senate before undertaking the journey mentioned above.
5. juvenes, i.e. men who were not consulares or praetorii,
(cf. xiii. 25, 2, of Julius Montanus) as opposed to hono
ribus perfuncti; so privati to magistratus, men out of
office to officials.
vitam (esse), was his life (he said).
6. suadere, historical infin. ; nor did he advise (the
Senate to anything, i.e. in the way of punishing Togo
nius) beyond rejecting his proposal.

III. 1. actis, &c., i.e. when their term of service was

OWer.

ordinibus, i.e. rows of seats (allotted in the theatre

to the Equites, under the Lex Roscia. Othonis, see on
ii. 33, 5, locis, ordinibus). The primipilares became
equites on leaving the service; but they would rank as
majors in our service, and the present proposal was
as if privates in the Life Guards were to rank with
Knights.
increpuit, i.e. in a letter.
quos...par esset, i.e. whose duty it was (he said).
dicta imperatoris, i.e. orders as those of their com
mander, dicta imperatoria or imperia.
2. Repperisse, &c., indirect speech; he had absolutely
invented something, &c.
quaesitam (esse), i.e. or, was it rather, that as a crea
ture of Sej. he had sought to arouse, &c.
militia morem, &c., to the ruin of discipline.
3. toleraturus for quod facile tol. esset.
350 TACITI ANNALLUM WI. [ch. iii.

delecta, which he had chosen (as his place of exile).

custoditurque, &c., see on iii. 22, 5.
4. cujus ope, i.e. chosen (as the man) by whose aid, &c.
C. Caesari; Caligula; Fam. of Aug., II, y'.
professus indicium, i.e. turned informer against others.

IV. 1. ingressus est, i.e. assailed, impeached; others

expl., began with, uttered first the name of.
praebebantur; in the frequent middle sense of Latin
passive verbs.
ut rettuli; iv. 68.
2. mutua accusatione ; see v. 11.
intenta; metaphor from an arrow on the bowstring,
aimed at an object; cf. i. 39, 4, intento mortis metu.
cur...silerent, &c.; indirect speech; why (he cried)
were they now, &c.? fear, of course, and a guilty con
science served them as a league (for mutual protection).
3. si qua (verba)...jecissent, whatever invectives they
had uttered.

$4. quaesita (est), was procured.

5, somno, i.e. sloth.

W. 1. inveterata, &c., abl. of description; a man utterly

detested.
pleraque (crimina), on very many charges; acc. of
reference.
C. Caesarem (i.e. Caligula), with dirisse, below; that
he had spoken of, &c., as being a man of, &c.
Augustae; Livia, mother of Tiberius; see on i. 8,
for her name.
novendialem, a funeral feast, lit. on the ninth day, be
cause celebrated nine days after the funeral. The sar
ch. vii.] MOTES. 351

casm may refer to the character of Livia as gravis in

rempublicam mater, i. 10, 4, implying that her birth
was baneful to the state, and caused many a death.
potentia, influence; dixisse and addidisse, infinitives
after arguitur, giving the heads of accusation.
Tiberiolus, dimin. ; my darling little Tib.
2. Neque cuncta, &c.; (for accus.see above on pleraque);
i.e. there were two things stayed the prosecution; he
was not convicted on all the charges, and moreover
he appealed to, &c.; some expl. revincebatur, &c., that
he could not be convicted even by (the evidence of) the
chief men in the state; i.e. the Senate did not like to
declare him guilty, for fear of Tib., in spite of the evi
dence of men of the highest rank.
fabularum, conversation.
simplicitas, frankness, freedom.

VI. 1. Quid scribam, &c., i.e. what I am to write, &c.;

or what to forbear from writing, the gods confound me
worse than I feel day by day confounded if I know;
the gods destroy me with worse torments than those
with which, &c.
2. sapientia, Gr. genit.; the man most distinguished for,
&c.; the wisest of philosophers, i.e. Socrates; cf. Cicero,
de Senectute, ch. 21, Socrates...is qui esset omnium sapi
entissimus oraculo Apollinis judicatus; see also Plato,
Gorgias, p. 524; de Republica, p. 579, D.
quando, since, seeing that.
3. fortuna, i.e. his exalted condition.

VII. 1. placitum (est Senatui), i.e. the Senate decreed.

accusatores L. Arruntii; this was contained in the
lost part of the work.
352 TACITI ANNALIUM VI. [ch. vii.,

sanctissimis ... artibus, pure character.

ultionis, i.e. inflicted on his accusers.
2. inducti (sunt), i.e. in Senatum ad causam dicendam,
were arraigned before the Senate.
Germanici comes ; see on i. 29, 2, cohorte Drusi.
modeste habita, &c., i.e. they both having enjoyed,
without abusing it.
8. prcipuos, &c., i.e. as Sejanus' chief instruments of
crime.

4. alienos, &c., strangers from kinsmen.

quid repens, c., (nor, in the charges brought by the
delatores, could you distinguish) what was fresh (i.e.
said or done but yesterday by the accused) from things
well-nigh forgotten ; repens is here used for recens, in
the sense of prius incognitum, nuper factum, as in xi. 24,
7 ; xv. 68, 5; recens properly means usu nondum tritum.
valitudine, by the malady of the time.
5. indicibus accessere, i.e. joined the ranks of the in
formers ; a convicted culprit had his penalty remitted,
if he conducted to a successful issue a charge against
another ; cf. ch. 3, above, ad fin., in indicium prqfessus
foret.
originem, i.e. Quadrati ; unde ortus sit. Some expl.
that Tacitus did not know the reason of obscure pro
vincials being made subjects of accusation.
6. afficerent (ea, qu ipsis, &c.)

VIII. 1. amplecti, i.e. to plume himself upon it.

2. expetsse (me); so with laetatum (esse).
3. patris, his father ; Seius Strabo, i. 7, 3, and 24, 3;
iv. 1, 8.
urbis ... munia, i.e. civil and military duties.
viii.] NOTES. 353

4. (ii) quibus, &c.; sordibus, of the mourning-garb worn

by the accused; they were either harassed by constant
fear of delatores, or by accusations themselves.
5 novissimi consilii, his last design; Sejanus, as we learn
from Josephus, xviii. 6, 6, had plotted the destruction of
Tiberius, engaged in the conspiracy many senators and
freedmen, and tampered with the soldiers. Antonia, the
mother of Claudius (see Fam. of Aug., I. B. 8. a), sent
a letter to Tiberius at Capreae, by the hands of Pallas,
her faithful slave, disclosing the plot.
6. Wulsiniensem, i.e. a mere native of Wulsinii; iv. 1, 3.
affinitate; alluding to the union formerly arranged
between the daughter of Sejanus and the son of Clau
dius (see on iii. 29, 5), and the betrothal of Sejanus to
Julia, granddaughter of Tiberius; see on v. 6, 2.
generum, i.e. progenerum, as Julia was neptis of
Tiberius.

8. (ea) qua coram habentur, i.e. the facts displayed be

fore our eyes.
cui ex te, &c., to whom belong, &c.; bestowed by
thee.

$ 9. assequare, would you (i.e. any one) succeed (if it were

attempted).
10. Satrium, a creature of Sejanus, iv. 34; it was he,
perhaps, who made the conspiracy known to Antonia;
see 5, above; in ch. 47, 2, below, he is called conjura
tionis index.
Pomponium; another friend of Sejanus; v. 8, 1.
libertis ... janitoribus, &c.; see iv. 74, 6.
11. indistincta ... dabitur, i.e. be allowed to avail for all
his friends indiscriminately.
A a
354 TACITI ANNALIUM WI. [ch. viii.

amicitia, i.e. with Sejanus; officiis, services (rendered

to Sej.)
idem finis, i.e. the fact of our connexion with Sejanus
ending at the same time as thine; on the form of ex
pression, see iii. 9, 3, domus foro imminens; implying that
they knew no more about the conspiracy than Tiberius
himself, until the explosion occurred.
absolverit, perf subj, as modified imperative; pray
let it, &c.

IX. 1. additis (iis), taking into consideration also, &c.

2. cohortem, i.e. confidential friends; cf. on i. 29, e co
horte Drusi.

3. C. Caesarem; Caligula, son of Germanicus.

habita, &c.; the credit given to a false charge (of his
having done so).
$4. immiti, &c., abl. absol.; i.e. when he had a relentless
reply.
$ 5, simul (cum).
7. nosceret, for cognosceret.
notis, marks (of displeasure); i.e. ominous words about
Scaurus, in Tiberius' letter to the Senate.

X. 1. Qua for quatenus, inasmuch as.

occupanda, &c., i.e. of designs for seizing power.
Haec, &c., i.e. these matters (including those in ch.9)
were tried before, &c.
2. apud principem, i.e. on trial before Tiberius.
familiarium; of Tiberius.
secuti; who had accompanied him to Rhodes (in his
exile); see i. 4, 4, &c.
Vescularius; see ii. 28, 1.
 -xii.] NOTES. 355

Curtium Atticum; see iv. 58, 1.

3. fato, i.e. by a natural death.
sententiae, motion, or, expression of opinion (in the
Senate).
sapienter moderans, i.e. striving, with tact, to prevent
severe measures (against accused persons).
$4. memoravi; in a lost part of the work.
decus triumphale; the same as insignia (or, ornamenta)
triumphalia; see on i. 72, and iii. 72.
$ 5, recens continuam, lately made perpetual; for the prae
fectus urbi, see Smiths Dict. Antiq., and Dr. Merivale,
vol. iv. pp. 20 sqq.
graviorem, i.e. to the people of Rome; they had over
them a sort of vicarious princeps.

XI. 1. mor, i.e. after them; under the Republic.

in tempus, i.e. for, and at, an indefinite time; when
ever and as long as seemed necessary; cf. i. 1, ad
tempus.
Numam Marcium; Livy, i. 20.
Spurium Lucretium; Livy, i. 59.
2. consules mandabant; Livy, iii. 3 and 9.
obferias Latinas, &c.; see on iv. 36, 1.
4. (id) quod civium (est), &c., such portion of the citizens
as is, &c., if it has to fear no coercive power.
5. nescius, &c., i.e. incompetent to fill it.
7, publico funere; the people were invited to attend such
a funeral by a herald.

XII. 1. Relatum (est), &c., a motion was made in the

Senate.
356 TACITI ANNALIUM WI. [ch. xii.

libro, &c., i.e. a new one; see Dict. Antiq., Sibyllini

libri.
quindecimviram; supply unus; cf. Horace, Odes, iii.
13, l. 13, fies nobilium tuquoque fontium. The quinde
cimviri were a college of fifteen priests, elected for life.
Their chief duty was to take care of the Sibylline books,
and inspect them on all important occasions by com
mand of the Senate, when what were thought ominous
prodigies occurred. Under the Republic the Collegium
consisted of ten (Decemviri Sibyllini, or Dec. Sacris
Jaciundis); see Livy, xxi. 62, ob caetera prodigia libros
adire decemviri jussi.
per discessionem, on a division, i.e. by a decisive ma
jority; the supporters and opponents of a motion took
their places on the opposite sides of the senate-house.
If the result were not at once obvious, and the ayes
have it, or the contrary were challenged, each senator
gave his vote separately, and this method of deciding
was called per exquisitas sententias; see also on iii. 69, 9.
2. scientia caremoniarumque vetus, though experienced
in religious science; cf. ch. 44, 1, vetus regnandi.
auctore, though the author (of the professed liber
Sibyllae) was, &c.; though its authenticity was doubtful.
collegii (quindecimviram).
magistros; magister here of the president of the Col
lege of quindecimviri. The plural is explained as re
ferring to past- presidents, the most distinguished
members.
infrequentem, &c., in a thin house, as we say; frequens
Senatus was, a full house.
3. vana, &c., i.e. forgeries, under the Sibyls name.
sanxisse, &c., i.e. by his authority, as Pontifex Maxi
-xv.] NOTES. 357

mus. Over two thousand pretended Sibylline books were

burnt by his order.
neque...liceret (after sanrisse), i.e. and that no private
person be allowed to keep such poems.
$4. sociali bello; it was in the bellum civile, B.C. 83, that
the Sibylline books were burnt in the Capitol. In His
tories, iii. 72, 2 and 6, Tacitus is more accurate, arserat
et ante Capitolium civili bello, and L. Scipione C. Norbano
consulibus flagraverat.
una, supply sive.
5, notioni, for cognitioni.
XIII. 1. licentius ... quam solitum, with an unusual free
dom of language against, &c.
3. neque segnius, i.e. issued a not less vigorous decree.
4. civile, i.e. as a putting-off of the ruler; as a concession
to civil equality.

XIV. 1. nihil ad serium, i.e. but for no political ends; he

knew nothing about the conspiracy of Sejanus.
2. in vinclis, when in prison.
circumdatam, i.e. passed round his neck.
3. tanquam, on the pretext that, &c.

XV. 1. quasito, neut. abl. absol.; when he had long

deliberated.
virginum atas, &c., as their marriageable age admitted
of no delay. Drusilla, daughter of Germanicus (adopted
son of Tiberius) and Agrippina, was sixteen years old;
Julia, her sister, was fifteen; see ii. 54, 1, for Julia's
birth.
L. Cassium ; see Class. Dict, Cassius, 12.
858 TACITI ANNALIUM WI. [ch. xv.

2. oppidanum genus, i.e. he was of provincial origin.

cetera, in all besides; acc. pl. neut. of reference.
compta, ornate, brilliant; the epithet, applied to fa
cundia, implies that he was a made rather than a born
Orator.

3. honorati; i.e. members of it had filled high public

offices.
facilitate, &c., by courteous manners (easiness of
temper) than by energy of character.
$ 5. caeptas, recently incurred (by him).
prafectus (i.e. praetoriarum cohortium).
6, large, i.e. in comprehensive terms.
numeri, &c., i.e. of his guards; as to genus, they might
be tribuni, centuriones, or gregarii milites.
adeo...numquam; cf. iii. 34, 3, adeo...non, much less.
ambigens; in its original sense, like Gr. Treptywv.
et declinans, and yet shunning it; for this striking use
of patria, applied to Rome, and a true Roman's feeling
concerning such conduct, see the expression of Tacitus
in iv. 58, 3, patria careret.

XVI, 1. fenore: on the subject of interest see Smith's

Dict. Antiq., pp. 526, 527.
legem... Caesaris: it seems that this lex Julia forbade
usurers to put out more than a certain sum on usury,
and enjoined them to invest in lands in Italy; as qua...
cavetur means, by which provision is made as to the
extent of lending (monies) and of holding (lands) in
Italy.
olim, here=jam pridem, now for a long time, long
since.

2. vetus...malum; see Livy ii. 23, 27.

-xvii.] NOTES. 859

antiquis quoque, &c., abl. absol.; i.e. even in old and

less corrupt times.
3. duodecim tabulis sanctum (est), it was ordained by, &c.
This statement appears to be at issue with Livy vii. 16,
where it is stated that M. Duilius and L. Maenius,
tribuni plebis, passed a bill on the subject; but no doubt
this was only a re-enactment of the disused provision
alluded to by Tacitus.
unciario fenore, i.e. than ten per cent. per annum;
lit. than one-twelfth (of the principal), i.e. 83 per cent.
in the old year of ten months, and 10 per cent. in twelve
months. Others expl. as 83 per cent.
exerceret (fenus), should exact, &c.
agitaretur, usury was practised, i.e. interest demanded,
according to, &c.
rogatione tribunicia; see Livy, vii. 27.
semuncias, i.e. one twenty-fourth part (of the prin
cipal), i.e. five per cent. per annum; see above on
unciario fenore.
redacta (est versura), i.e. only five per cent. was to be
paid on money borrowed to pay off debts.
versura ; this is prop., the borrowing of money to
pay a debt. Festus derives it from vertere, because one
who so acts, vertit-changeshis creditor: this would
almost amount to paying compound interest; hence it
seems here to mean usury at compound interest.
4 obviam itum (est), opposition was made to; they strove
to check.

5. rationes, accounts.
concedente (principe).
XVII. 1. inopia rei nummaria, a scarcity of coin.
commoto, &c., i.e. as all creditors were at the same
360 TACITI ANNALIUM VI. [ch. xvii.,

time calling in their monies. Creditors kept their money

in hand, and refused to lend, with the view of purchas
ing at a cheap rate the lands of the debtors which were
drugging the estate-market.
attinebatur, i.e. lay idle; for fiscus and aerarium, see
on i. 75.
2. fenoris, here, capital, of the whole amount one could
lend on interest
collocaret, should invest, subj. gov. by ut, supplied
after praescripserat.
in solidum appellabant, applied for, dunned their
debtors for, the whole sum, instead of the dual fenoris
partes.
minuere fidem, to shake their credit, i.e. by paying only
two-thirds of the sum demanded.

3. strepere, &c., historical infin.; the praetor's court was

filled with the din of creditors suing for payment.
mercandis agris, dat. for the purpose of, &c.
condiderant, i.e. in their money-chests; they refused
to lend at all, as they wished to be ready for the estates
shortly to be on sale.
4. Copiam vendendi; i.e. as so many debtors were forced
into the market with their lands.
quanto quis obaratior, the more deeply in debt a
man Was.

agrius distrahebant (agros), with the more difficulty

could debtors dispose of their lands; the buyers, know
ing the extreme need of such men, beat down the price.
fortunis provolvebantur, lit. were rolled out of, &c.
were utterly ruined.
dignitatem acfamam, position and character.
per mensas, i.e. at the public banks; mensarii were
xviii.] NOTES. 361

public bankers, appointed by the State, and distinct from

the argentarii, who were ordinary private bankers on
their own account. The mensarii had their banks (mensae)
in the forum, and in the name of the aerarium offered
ready money to debtors who could give security for it
to the State.
millies sestertio, i.e. millies (centenis millibus) sester
tiorum; a form like sestertio must be corrupt for sester
tium ; the sum is one hundred millions of sesterces; for
the amount in pounds sterling, see on ii. 37.
populo in duplum praediis cavisset, gave security to the
public treasury (ararium) to double the amount in lands.
mutuandi copia, &c., power was given to borrow (from
that fund).
5, creditores, lenders of money.
acribus...initiis, &c., abl. absol.; i.e. the measure at
first being eagerly welcomed, at last neglected.

XVIII. 1. postulato majestatis; see on i. 74, majestatis

postulavit.
Considio Proculo; see v. 8, for Proculus and Pompo
mius Secundus, below.

2. interdictum (est), lit. a prohibition from, &c., was

laid on her; this was banishment from Italy, relegatio;
see on iv. 42, 3, lege Julia.
3. afflixerat, i.e. had condemned.
Achaeorum, i.e. inhabitants of the Roman province,
called Achaia, including all Peloponnesus, and northern
Greece, south of Thessaly.
$4. illustris eques; see on ii. 59, 4. He was Pompeius
Macer, of whom Suetonius writes, cui (Augustus) ordi
362 TACITI ANNALIUM WI. [ch. xviii.

nandas bibliothecas delegaverat: he was afterwards pro

curator Asiae.
frater; Pompeius Macer; see i. 72, 4.
5. Cn. (Pompeius) Magnus; for Theophanes, see Cicero,
pro Archia, ch. 10.

XIX. 1. sibimet...seposuit, i.e. assigned the revenues to

the fiscus, not to the aerarium ; see on i. 75.
2. Irritatus, i.e. provoked (rather than appeased) by
(past) executions.
3. immensa strages; Suetonius (Tiberius, 61) writes of
twenty victims in one day, including women and boys;
Tacitus refers to the whole number slaughtered.
4, diutius, for any length of time; they were allowed
but a glimpse in passing by.
intenti, &c., i.e. carefully marking the grief shewn by
each relative: this was in order to make a report of
it to Tiberius.

5. commercium, &c., i.e. the interchange of the feelings

proper to humanity; the common duties of humanity
were neglected in this Reign of Terror.

XX. 1. C. Caesar; Caligula, son of Germanicus, (adopted)

son of Tiberius; hence avo.
M. Silani : see Index.
matris, Agrippina.
fratrum; Nero was banished, Drusus was a close
prisoner in the palace at Rome.
qualem diem, &c., i.e. day by day he made himself
up on the model of Tiberius; wore the same look,
uttered almost the same words: he studied to clothe
his countenance day by day with the expression as
-xxii.] NOTES. 363

sumed by Tiberius, to penetrate his sentiments, and

echo, as it were, his very words. Dr. Merivale. Dies
is used for the outward demeanour which displayed each
day the ruler's frame of mind, and the nearest literal
version is; Whatever exterior on any day Tiberius wore,
Caligula was of like demeanour, of not very unlike
words.

2. Passieni; see Class. Dict, Crispus Passienus

3. Chaldaeorum ; see on iii. 22.
apud Rhodum ; see i. 4, 4.
XXI. 2. saxis...imminet, i.e. is on the brow of a rocky
eminence: the house of Tib. in Rhodes is referred to.

3. percunctantem (Tiberium); commoverat, i.e. with joy:

Tiberius, unable to repress this, resolved at once to
destroy Thrasyllus; or else he distrusted him as im
posing on his credulity, because L. and C. Caesar,
grandsons of Augustus, were then living, and it was
most improbable that Tiberius should ever succeed
to power.
ipsi, i.e. to Tiberius.
compertsset, &c., i.e. under what conjunction of planets
he was born (so as to know the course of his future
life).
quem...annum, &c., by what signs the present year,
that very day, were marked (for Thrasyllus); what lot
he was to have that year, &c.
5. praescium...gratatur, short for prascium esse pericu
lorum exclamat atque ideo incolumem fore gratatur, i.e.
assures him with congratulations that he shall be safe.

XXII. 2. sapientissimos, &c.; the Epicurean philosophy

is alluded to,
364 TACITI ANNALIUM VI. [ch. xxii.

tristia in bonos, and that so it is that misery befalls

the righteous, prosperity attends the wicked.
3. Contra alii; the Stoic philosophers.
rebus, events.
e vagis stellis, not (a fate) in accordance with the
planets, i.e. caused by planetary influences; stellae vaga
are, planets, sidera, constellations.
apud principia, &c., i.e. depending on (resting in) first
causes, and the chain of events that become causes in
their turn.
quam ubi elegeris, and when you have made the choice,
the chain of consequences is (they say) inevitable: it is
indirect speech, as far as utantur, below.
4. per opes, amidst, &c., surrounded by.
prospera (fortuna, abl.)
5. Ceterum, &c., however, most men have not lost the
belief that, &c., (supply persuasio with eximitur), they
cannot be convinced but that, &c.
ignara, what is not understood by them; render,
through the deceit of incompetent astrologers.
6, praedictum, &c., the prediction of, &c.; see on i. 8,
occisus dictator.
memorabilur; see xiv. 9, 5.

XXIII. 1. Asinii Galli ; see Class. Dict., Gallus Sa

loninus.

2. non erubuit permittere; if he had had any shame, he

would have been anxious that his victim should be
buried in the most private way possible; instead of
having full funeral honours, as sepeliri implies. Others
expl. that the shamelessness consisted partly in his
-xxiv.] NOTES. 365

complaining of the premature death of Gallus (incu

sare casus, &c.)
ultroque, &c., and actually to accuse circumstances
for having, &c.; he did not hold his peace about what
his own tyranny had caused: he did more than that
(ultra), he went out of his way to blame, &c.
3. Scilicet; sarcastically; I suppose, in the three years
that intervened (between his accusation and his death),
&c.
tot consularium parenti; see Class. Dict, Pollio C.
Asinius, ad fin.
4. Drusus; son of Germanicus; Fam. of Aug., II. a',
&c.

6, nuru, old dat. for nurui.; Agrippina is meant, as

widow of Germanicus, (adopted) son of Tiberius.
nepoti, Drusus, above.
savitiam; shewn in starving Drusus to death.
paenitentiam ; imputed to Tiberius by rumour, and
which would have been shewn by reconciliation to
Agrippina and Drusus.

XXIV. 1. invectus, &c., may, even abusing his grandson

after death, (i.e. in a letter to the Senate).
exitiabilem in suos; see 3, below, funesla Tiberio, &c.
Cf. iv. 60, 5.
descripta per dies, i.e. the daily registers that had
been kept.
2. nisi quod, i.e. (one would not credit it), were it not
that, &c.
Astitisse (eos Druso), infin. after vir fides (erat), it
was scarce credible.
vultum, to note his expression of face.
366 TACITI ANNALIUM WI. [ch. xxiv.

Attii, &c.; these men were appointed to guard Drusus.

praferebant, i.e. when read in the Senate.
egredientem, pres, participle; when trying to leave, &c.
eaterruerat; for instance, by drawing their swords
on him.

3. deficientis, of the dying victim; sinking under famine.

adjecerat, i.e. in the letter read in the Senate.
quis (for quibus, i.e. vocibus).
alienationem mentis, &c.; alienatio mentis refers to
madness feigned the whole time; per dementiam to
sudden bursts of (apparent) insanity.
nurum filiumque, &c., supply interfecisset from cadibus
complevisset; nurus is Agrippina; see above on ch. 23,
6, nurui.; filium fratris is, of course, Germanicus, son
of Drusus, brother of Tiberius; Family of Augustus,
I. B. 8.
nepotes : the children of Agrippina and Germanicus.
nomini, &c., in justice to the name and race of, &c.;
i.e. that he might suffer a vengeance tremendous enough
to atone for the ancestors polluted, the posterity destined
to be shocked, by his crimes.
4. Obturbabant, &c., i.e. strove to interrupt the recital of
these curses (repeated in the letter of Tiberius to them);
this, of course, was a piece of their usual adulation, as
if the hearing such things polluted their loyal ears.
ut tanquam, &c., that he tore down, as it were, the
dungeon-walls, and pointed to a grandson writhing
under the rod of a centurion, buffeted by slaves, begging
in vain the barest sustenance of life.

XXV. 1. auditum (est), i.e. news of her death was

received.
-xxvii.] NOTES. 367

extinctam (esse), with reor, as above. She died at

Pandataria, an island off the coast of Campania; see
xiv. 63, 2.
nisi si; si is expl. as here elliptical; i.e. nisi, si (forte
non voluntate extincta est) assimulatus, &c.
3. aequi, of equality, of a rival.
virilibus curis (induendis), in undertaking, &c.
eruerat; this really implies that she never had those
faults; cf. esp. Agricola, ch. 9, 4, where assuredly we
are not to understand that Agricola was ever tristis,
arrogans, or avarus.

$4. Gemonias (scalas); see on v. 9, 3.

5. Actae, &c., i.e. to Tiberius, for such clemency, in the
manner of her death: another nauseous dose of adu
lation.
(ante diem) quintumdecimum Kal, &c.; i.e. on the
eighteenth of October.
utriusque, i.e. of Agrippina and Sejanus.
XXVI. 1. continuus, here, as subst: ; an inseparable
friend, associate.
integro statu, of unimpaired prosperity.
illaeso, i.e. by old age or infirmities.
3. conjunzit, i.e. continuavit.
propius, i.e. than any one else.
intentatus, i.e. by the informers.
ira et metu, from indignation and alarm (at the
horrors around him) he wished for, &c.
4, precibus Augustae; see iii. 17.
XXVII. 1. Drusi filia...Neronis uror; see on iii. 29.
denupsit, married down into, married beneath her
rank; for this Julia, see xiii. 32, 5.
368 TACITI ANNALIUM VI. . [ch. xxvii.

Rubellii Blandi; see Fam. of Aug., II. a', and III.;

and iii. 50, above.
Tiburtem, nomin. Tiburs, a native of Tibur, now
Tivoli.
meminerant, remembered (as only) a Roman knight
from, &c. His father, however, rose to the consulship;
see iii. 51, 1.
2. AElii Lamiae; see Horace, Odes, i. 26, and iii. 17,
dedicated to this man.
Junere censorio; see on iv. 15, 3.
Syria, a province of the Caesar, see p. 100; hence
propraetore, below, see p. 99.
imagine; because Tiberius had never allowed him to
go to his government; see i. 80, 4.
urbi prafuerat, i.e. had been praefectus urbis; see
above, on ch. 10, 5.
non permissa provincia, i.e. the fact of his not being
entrusted with his province, (though appointed governor).
dignationem; i.e. as seeming to shew that Tiberius
thought enough of his abilities and popularity to be
afraid of them.

3. Flacco Pomponio; see ii. 66, 3.

incusabat, he complained.
Arruntium; see Histories, ii. 65, 4, eum (L. Arrun
tium) Tiberius Caesar ob metum...retinebat.
in Hispaniam, i.e. to take up his government in Spain:
this refers either to that of Tarraconensis or Lusitania,
the two divisions of Spain which were imperial pro
vinces, see p. 100.
attineri, i.e. by Tiberius.
4. in prioribus libris; as i. 13, iv. 20.
5 (ex) eadem familia,
xxix.] NOTE8. 369

illustri, &c., i.e. nevertheless had a brilliant career.

Tacitus prob. refers especially to the triumvir Lepidus,
and to his father, M. milius Lepidus; see Class.
Dict. Lepidus milius, 3 and 7.
XXVIII. 3. id animal (esse); so with diversum.
4. quingentorum (annorum).
interjici, i.e. intervene between the appearances of
a new phnix ; i.e. each bird lives that number of years,
as a new one springs from the old.
prioresque alites, i.e. and that the former birds (ap
peared), &c.
post, i.e. secundum : so dein for tertium, and that afler
wards a third ; with advolavisse, below.
Ptolemo (regnante).
6. usurpavisse, &c., i.e. possessed none of the qualities
(instincts), &c., or, practised none of the things, &c.
7. Confecto, &c., in indirect speech ; for that (says vetus
memoria) when, &c.
suis in terris ; i.e. in Arabia.
temere, &c., nor does he (they say) go about that un
advisedly.
tentato, i.e. pondere, or, ponderis gestatu. On the
whole passage see Herodotus, ii. 78.
XXIX. 1. caede continua, abl. absol. ; there being con
tinual, &c.
Moesi, see on ii. 56; for rettuli, see iv. 47.
2. eorum qui, &c., whereas the bodies of those who de
cided their own fate.

8. morem, &c. ; cf. ii. 70, 8.

criminum urgebatur for criminum objectatione arg. ; or
urg, for incusabatur or tenebatur, was sure to be con
b b
370 TACITI ANNALIUM WI. [ch. xxix.

victed of. Others expl. as a Greek genit., and others

read arguebatur.
culpam (suam) invidia (Caesaris), i.e. by trying (as if
he were an innocent man driven to suicide), to excite
odium against Caesar.
4. Scaurus; see ch.9, 5.
$5. detuleratgue, i.e. he had denounced, founded a
charge on.
additis, &c., i.e. quoting verses, which might be made
to apply to Tiberius.
6. Livia, with Livia; sister of Germanicus, and wife of
Drusus, the son of Tiberius.
magorum; see on iii.22; i.e. he was charged with con
sulting the astrologers as to the duration of the life of
Tiberius; this was majestas; see ii. 27, 2, and ii. 28, sqq.
7. dignum, &c.; see above, ch. 27, 5.

XXX. 1. pecuniam, &c., i.e. a bribe to drop a prosecution.

in insulas...demoli sunt; this was exile under the
severer form of deportatio in insulam; see on iv. 42, 3,
lege Julia.
2. periculum facessit, i.e. brought a charge against, &c.,
of his having, &c.
ultro, &c.; i.e. not only did not procure the condem
nation of Gaetulicus, but even, &c.; on the force of
ultro, see on iii. 36 ad init.
3. proximo...exercitui, i.e. of Germania Inferior.
L. Apronium; see i. 56; iv. 73; xi. 19.
5, fidem integram ; his loyalty (he protested) was un
shaken.
-xxxii.] NOTES. 371

6. Firmarent, subj for imperat. of direct speech; let them

then, &c.
ceterarum, &c., i.e. rule the rest of the Empire.
7. res suas, &c., that his power rested on opinion more
than on its intrinsic force.

XXXI. 1. Artabano; see ii. 3.

2. ut inermem; he was too old to command himself, and
would not entrust command to a really able general, for
fear of revolt.
Artaxia; see ii. 56.
contumelia, i.e. against Tiberius. Suetonius (Tiberius,
ch. lxvi.) informs us that he wrote an insulting letter, in
which he charged Tiberius with murders and dissolute
living, and recommended him to appease the intense
and just hatred of the citizens by committing suicide at
the earliest opportunity.
Vonone relictam; cf. ii. 1; iv. 58, 68.
veteres...jaciebat, threw out hints about, &c. It is
expl. as = non sine jactatione sibi vindicabat.
3. ultroque, &c., i.e. on the contrary, it carries influence
with it; for the force of ultro see on iii. 36.
$4. Phraaten; see ii. 1, 2.
nomine, referred to by genus Arsacis, as auctore by
sponte Caesaris. -

opus (esse), they needed (they represented) only, &c.

auctore (Caesare), i.e. his sanction.
ut sponte, &c., also with opus, all that was necessary
was that, &c., = ut sponte Caes, genus Arsacis...cernere
tur, or ut in the ordinary sense, so that, &c.

XXXII. 1. Ornat, equips; i.e. with a retinue, horses,

dress, money.
372 TACITI ANNALIUM WI. [ch. xxxii.

paternum, &c., i.e. for the recovery of his father's

throne.
destinata, &c., still keeping to his fixed policy of
effecting foreign objects by, &c.
2. tardari, supply modo.
3. illigaret, i.e. disabled, threw him on a sick bed.
4. cultu, style of living.
impar, i.e. unable to bear the hardships of, &c.; see
on ii. 2, 5.
5, gentile, i.e. Iberorum.
cunctis...parabantur, all his Eastern projects.
7. C. Casaris; Caligula, son of Germanicus.
Claudii; Fam. of Aug., I. B. 8, a.
cesseruntgue, &c., i.e. the (inglorious) end of his career
dimmed the (bright) beginning.
XXXIII. 1. ad scelus, i.e. the murder of their master.
2. mittit qui, &c., sends emissaries to hire auxiliary
troops.
3. adjungere (sibi), historical infin.
diversa induere, took up with, espoused, opposite sides.
4. Caspia via, through the Caspian pass; see Class
Dict. Caspiae porta.
Sarmatam, i.e. the Sarmatian forces, as miles for
milites.

5. adventabant, kept coming to join. - -

mare (Caspium). *

aestas impediret, i.e. it was closed in summer.

introrsus, i.e. back into its bed.
brevia, the shallows; over which an army can march.
-xxxv.] NOTES. 373

XXXIV. 1. infensare pabula, cut off his foragers, ha

rassed his foraging-parties.
3. inanem...repetivit, i.e. came back to occupy the empty
palace of AEetes (who was dead) and the vacant (rule
over the) Colchians; for vacuos Colchos see on ii. 76,
tractang.

$4. Multaque, &c., i.e. they call many things by his name;
such as places and temples; or, there are many tradi
tions current about him.
credito, neut. abl. absol. ; because it is believed that
a ram, &c.
5. mercenario milite, abl. absol.; i.e. because his army
consisted of mercenaries.
integros, &c., reminded his men that he and his
had ever been free from (never degraded by), &c., and
that, &c.
laturos (esse), would gain.
6, horridam, i.e. bristling with steel.
Medorum; their foes.
hinc viros, on their own side (he said) warriors, in
front, a ready booty.

XXXV. 1. praveniendum (esse), i.e. they must surprise

the enemy (was the cry) by a rush to close combat.
2. Varia, &c., i.e. divers styles of fighting could be
Seen.

turmas, i.e. their own; broke up their squadrons into

loose order.
spatium, &c., i.e. to take aim with their arrows.
brevius, i.e. for a less distance; their bows do not
carry so far as the Parthian.
374 TACITI ANNALIUM WI. [ch. xxxv.

frontis et tergi vices, i.e. alternations of charging and

retreating.
ut conserta acies, i.e. sometimes, in close fight, breast
to breast, arms clashing with arms, they drove, or were
driven by, the foe; pellerent, &c., subj, after cum, while,
above.

3. prensare, detrudere, i.e. grappled with the Parthians,

dragged them from their horses.
ancipitem, doubly dangerous.
super; this is expl. as adv. = desuper; here; from
above, with downward blows; eques being expl. as
Albanorum equitatus. Others take super as prepos. after
case (common enough in Tacitus) governing quos, and
refer quos to Albani Iberique, rendering, while over
their heads their cavalry harassed the enemy (with
arrows), &c.
4. conspicui, i.e. by their royal garb, and prominence in
giving orders.
gnari, i.e. to each other.
telis, i.e. with poised lances.
5. pralatus; for praeterlatus, as in Horace, Odes, iv. 3,
l. 10, prafluunt for praeterfl.
occisi (Orodis), of his being slain.
falso, erroneously.

XXXVI. 1. subdito; subdere is used of underhand deal

ings.
2. versaque...res, his fortunes were ruined.
illiciente (Parthos), supply ut with the subj.
3. infensum, i.e. to Artabanus; memoravi, ch. 31, 32.
occultos consilii, i.e. who were secretly disaffected;
-xxxvii.] NOTES. 375

lit. secret in a plot; Greek genitive, common in Ta

citus.
affluentibus (iis).
repertis, &c., had taken courage (to rise) on finding
leaders.
$4. quam si qui (from quis) externorum, &c., i.e. except
some few foreigners who attended him as, &c.
boni intellectus, &c., who had no sense of honour, nor
care for disgrace; quis = quibus.
alumtur, supply qui from quis.
5. posse Parthos, with spe above.
aquos, here, as subst.; who have kindly, thoughts
of their kings when expelled, though inconstant to them
while ruling.

XXXVII. 1. parata capessere, i.e. to grasp the kingdom

ready to his hand.
2. Sacrificantibus (iis, i.e. Vitellius and Tiridates), when
they sacrificed.
suovetaurilia; the Roman sacrifice was in honour of
Mars, and offered as propitiatory for the army; cf. Livy,
i. 44, ibi instructum exercitum omnem suovetaurilibus
lustravit.
equum, i.e. as a victim; cf. Xenophon, Anab., iv. ch. 5.
Horses were sacred to the sun with the Persians.
placando amni, dat. of purpose; end in view. The
Persians held rivers sacred. Herodotus, i. 138.
immensum, as adv., was rising to a prodigious height.
diadematis; this was a white fillet, encircling the
head, and tied behind in a bow.
3. secunda (fore) neque diuturna, would be favourable,
but not for long.
376 TACITI ANNALIUM VI. [ch. xxxvii.

portenderentur, &c., subj. of indirect speech; for (as

they said), &c.; supply esset with certior fides.
5 paratus regios, i.e. the regalia; royal robes and
insignia.
$6. meminerit, subj.gov. by ut supplied with monet, above.
quae utrobique pulchra, i.e. which are two titles to re
spect, or, are glories for him on both sides, i.e. entitle him
to support both from Parthia and Rome. Others expl.
that he was to remember and imitate all that he had
seen worthy of imitation in his grandsire and in Au
gustus, his foster-father.
retinerent ; see above on meminerit.

|XXXVIII. 1. qua ceteros, &c.; qua refers to tem

pus, &c.
quin...puniret ; quin is used for quominus, because
mitigabant is = prohibebant.
incerta, &c., doubtful and forgotten offences as if they
were, &c.

2. Fulcinius Trio; see ii. 28; v. 11; vi. 4.

accusatores haud perpessus, supremis tabulis; imply
ing that he killed himself, and vented his rage in these
expressions contained in his will (tabula).
ipsi (Tiberio)...objectando; objectando is a gerund
governing mentem, and, apparently, a gerundive agree
ing with abscessu, by a Tacitean change of construction;
while charging against Tiberius himself that his mind
was weakened by age, and reproaching him with his
ceaseless absence from Rome as being nothing but
exile; then velut exilium must be for velut si exilium
esset. It is better, however, to take velut exilium (ren
dering it, the equivalent of exile) as accus, also after
-xl.] NOTES. 377

objectando, then continuo abscessu is abl. of cause; and,

on account of his constant absence, reproaching him
with being an exile. Others have proposed to read
continuum abscessum.

3. patientiam...ostentans, making a parade of his tole

rance of, &c.
quoquo modo dicta (scelera Sejani), &c., i.e. that they
should be made known at whatever price to himself.
4. senator; see on iii. 36, 2.
extremum...supplicium, i.e. strangulation.

XXXIX. 3. triumphale decus; see on i. 72 and iii. 72,

for triumphalia insignia (or, ornamenta).
maximis provinciis...impositus; Moesia, i. 80; Mace
donia and Achaia, i. 80, and v. 10.
neque supra; i.e. his talents did not extend beyond
a capacity for managing the ordinary business of a pro
vince; hence he inspired Tiberius with no jealousy, and
so was constantly employed: the distrust exhibited by
Tiberius in his appointment of provincial governors is
a remarkable feature of his administration; see i. 80.

XL. 1. assuetudine, &c., i.e. nor, so accustomed were

the people to horrors, was it noticed as a tragic event,
that, &c., were punished with death; the names of some
condemned persons have dropped out of the text.
exterruit quod, &c., i.e. it did strike men with terror,
when, &c.
laqueo vexatae; verala = elisae; this was done that his
property might be confiscated as that of an executed
criminal, and so the delatores get their rewards; see
ch, 29, 2.
378 TACITI ANNALIUM WI. [ch. xl.

2. supplicia civium; the genit. means, punishments by

which citizens are wont to be dealt with; see on ii. 1,
cuncta venerantium officia.
3. tristibus, ominous.
destinata, &c., i.e. promised them (by Tib.) when their
house was unassailed by evil.
convulsa (domo) distulerat, he had deferred bestowing
when misfortune shook it; i.e. after the fall of Sejanus,
nephew of Junius Blaesus; iii. 35, 2.
4. AEmilia Lepida; see Family of Aug., II. 8'.
Druso ; son of Germanicus.
rettuli; in the lost part of book v.
intestabilis, universally execrated.
pater Lepidus ; ch. 27, 4.

XLI. 1. Clitarum natio; on the sea-coast of Cilicia;

see xii. 55.
Cappadoci Archelao; Cappadocia had been made
a Roman province on the death of its king Archelaus,
father of this one; see on ii. 56; the son seems to have
been allowed to retain over the coast of Cilicia, called
Cilicia Aspera (or, Trachea) a sort of royal authority,
though his territories were tributary to Rome.
deferre census, to give in returns of property (to the
Roman collectors); for tributa, see on i. 11, 6, and
ii. 47.
praeside Syria; Syria was a province of the Caesar;
see p. 100.
erumpere, present infin. ; to try to break out; he
cut up those who ventured on this; supply a verb
from coegit, &c.
2. certantibus (iis).
xliii.] NOTES, 379

come...sperabant, i.e. hoped to find in Tiridates a cha

racter civilized by Roman culture.

XLII. 1. in barbarum corrupta, i.e. lapsed into barbarism;

neut. adj. as subst.; a Greek use.
retinens, &c., preserving (conservative of) the spirit
(or, institutions) of, &c.
opibus; abl., here means, for, on account of.
2. accitus, i.e. the power called in to support, &c.
3. ex suo usu, for his own advantage.
libidini, here, excess of power, despotism; cf. Thucy
dides, iii. 62, & yyvrr rvpdvvov 8vvaarela Atywy
&vpv.
$4. et (iis honoribus) quos, &c.; honoribus is abl. as in i. 2,
opibus et honoribus extollerentur.
materna, &c., i.e. saying that though by his mother's
side he was an Arsaces, yet, &c.
5. rem, i.e. the government of the state.
sollennia regni, the usual insignia of royalty.
$6. petita (est), i.e. Tiridates and the court went to
Ctesiphon.
Surena; the Surena; this was the title of the highest
state-official in Parthia.
insigni, i.e. diadem.

XLIII. 1. nationes, i.e. provinces.

oppressa (erat), would have been at once overcome.
in unum cedebant, i.e. would have rallied to his stan
dard alone; would have unanimously acknowledged
him.

2. potiebatur, ruled, influenced.

380 TACITI ANNALIUM WI. [ch. xliii.

3. reddenda, &c., dat. of purpose.

(se) venisse, when they pledged their honour that
they had come, &c.
$4. imperium (esse), nor was the real government (he
said) in the hands of an Arsacid, but the empty name
of it belonged to a man made a coward by foreign
luxury, while the real strength was, &c.

XLIV. 1. vetus regnandi, being experienced in ruling,

an old hand at reigning.
falsos in amore, &c.; this is expl., that though they
had been false in their (pretended) loyalty to Tiridates,
their hatred to him (now) was real enough; others, that
though their love (for himself) was a pretence, their
hate (for Tiridates) was no fiction.
panitentiam, inconstancy.
padorem, i.e. his dirty ragged garb.
3. simulfama, &c.,...perculsus, i.e. dismayed by hearing
at the same moment of his enterprise and his arrival;
thunderstruck by the news and his instant appearance
in person.
distrahi; for historical infin, with cum see on ii.
31, 1.
iret; supply utrum.
4. (ii) Quibus praelium, &c., those who were for battle and
a speedy issue argued that the forces of Artabanus, be
sides being disordered and wearied by a long march,
could not yet have heartily settled down to duty under
a chief whose betrayers and open foes they lately were,
though now again supporting him.
$7, in Syrian revectus, &c., by returning into Syria, re
xlvi.] NOTES, 381

lieved all of, &c. Syria was a Roman province, into

which no considerable armed force could accompany
him, and his entering Syria furnished those who de
sired to leave him with an ample excuse for their
desertion.

XLV. 1. insularum; detached blocks of buildings; see

Smith's Dict., ad v.; insulae were let out to the poor;
domus, the mansions of the rich.

2. Millies (centena millia) sesterti(or)um; see on ii. 37.

modicus (erat Tiberius).
3. ambitionis, i.e. of courting popular favour; the splen
dour and largesses attendant on a dedication-ceremony
would please the mob ; cf. ch. 46, 4, note on gratia
prasentium.

4. progeneri; i.e. husbands of his granddaughters. Ger

manicus (adopted) son of Tiberius, had three daughters,
Drusilla, wife of Cassius Longinus (Class. Dict., Cas
sius, 12), Julia, wife of M. Winicius, Agrippina, wife of
Cn. Domitius (see Family of Augustus, II. 5'). Drusus,
son of Tiberius, had one daughter, Julia, wife of Rubel
lius Blandus, (Fam. of Aug., III. 8).
6. C. Caesaris; Caligula, son of Germanicus.
Claudiae...rettuli; see ch. 20, 1.
imitando = simulando.
abnuentem, referring to juvenem, Caligula.
commotus, violent, impetuous.
falsa, falsehoods, false arts.

XLVI. 1. primum inter nepotes; i.e. his first difficulty

was to decide between his grandsons for a successor.
382 TACITI ANNALIUM WI. [ch. xlvi.

Druso genitus; Gemellus, called Tiberius; see Fam.

of Aug., III., and ii. 84, above, for his birth.
Germanici filio; C. Caesar (Caligula).
2. agitanti (Tiberio), &c., i.e. when he had thoughts
even of Claudius (as his successor), as a man of ripe
age (he was then thirty-two), and well-meaning (others
expl., of sedate character and inclined to liberal studies,)
the weakness of his mind was the objection that he felt.
4.gratia praesentium, &c., the favour of his contempo
raries was not so much his care, as to gain esteem
with posterity.

5. consilium, &c., the question, to the decision of which

he was unequal.

6. non abdita ambage, in no obscure figure of speech.

orientem (solem), i.e. C. Caesar (Caligula); for Macro's
currying favour in that quarter see ch. 45, 6. Plutarch
relates that Pompeius Magnus used the same expres
sions to Sulla, of himself (as oriens) and Sulla (as
occidens).
7. forte orto sermone, in a chance conversation.
habiturum (esse eum, i.e. Caligula).
$ 8. minorem ex nepotibus; Gemellus (otherwise called
Tiberius) son of Drusus, son of Tiberius; Family of
Aug., III.
truci alterius vultu, abl. absol. ; when the other (Ca
ligula) looked angrily on; i.e. in his jealousy of the
affection shewn to a rival.
Occides hunc tu; Caligula put to death the young
Tiberius, in the first year of his reign.
xlviii.] NOTES. 383

9. in patientia, i.e. in the very moment of his enduring

the pains of disease pretending to have perfect health.

XLVII. 1. illis; between the accuser and Otho.

2. conjurationis (Sejani); see on ch. 8, 5. It is proba
ble that Satrius Secundus (called cliens Sejani in iv. 34.)
disclosed the plot to Antonia.
Cn. Domitius; progener of Tiberius; see on ch. 45, 4.
3. supra memoravi; iv. 75.
vetustis honoribus, abl. of description; a man of old
dignities, i.e. high offices of state had been held in old
times by members of his house.
studiis, i.e. st. eloquentiae.
4. ferebant, declared; Tacitus implies indignation at
Macro's illegal procuring of evidence in this way, not
at the instance of the Senate, but to please himself and
Tiberius.
servorum, &c., i.e. for evidence against their accused
mistress Albucilla.
nullaeque...literae, the fact of there being no letter, &c.;
for this Tacitean brevity of expression, cf. iii. 9, 3,
domus foro imminens. -

invalido (Tiberio), abl. absol.; that while Tiberius

was ill, &c.

XLVIII. 2. non eadem omnibus decora, that the same

conduct did not become all men alike.

3. Sibi satis atatis (fuisse), he had lived long enough

(he said).
paenitendum (esse), indirect speech, as far as in
stantia; had he aught else (he said) to regret than
384 TACITI ANNALIUM WI. [ch. xlviii.

having so long put up with, &c., amidst insults and

perils.
4. Sane, concessive; it was true that, &c., might be got
over, i.e. that he might secure himself for the few days
yet remaining to Tiberius.
evasurum (esse); i.e. how (he asked) was he to get
away from the clutch of the young tyrant who was so
soon to be their master ?
convulsus; i.e. become a moral wreck; an outcast
from honour and virtue.
C. Casarem...capessiturum (esse), would C. Caesar, &c.;
an asks with indignation, contempt, or surprise.
$ 5. Prospectare, &c.; No! he cried; I see before me
a sterner bondage still, and therefore flee by the same
act from the recollection of the past and the threaten
ings of the future.
7. eloquentia, abl. of description; was accounted a man
of cruel eloquence; a man who turned his powers of
speech to a cruel use.

XLIX. 1. informem, i.e. ignominious; with the Romans

the modes of suicide for an honourable man were the
sword, poison, opening a vein, and starvation.
in praeceps; i.e. from the window of a bed-chamber;
see iv. 22, for a murder of a wife by her husband, in
the same way.
3. genua advolveretur; we should expect the dat, but
advolvi came to signify simplyto embrace; cf. i. 13
ad fin.
ferret, &c., and pleaded at length (diu) natural sorrow
(for the loss of a son) and the greater weakness of
l.] MOTES. 385

women's spirit, &c., and uttered other sad and piteous

cries in the same doleful strain.
lubricum (tempus), critical, hazardous, time.

L. 1. intentus, &c., i.e. energetic (earnest) as ever in

speech and look.
quaesita... comitate, with studied vivacity; affected
grace of manner.
tegebat, imperfect, he strove to hide.
3. copiam, &c., opportunity of advice (if Tib. wished it).
4 digrediens, &c., on taking leave under pretext of
private business.
per speciem officii, with a show of courtesy; on pre
tence of leave-taking.
manum complexus, i.e. raising his hand to kiss it.
5. Neque fefellit; i.e. but neither the act nor the motive
of it escaped Tiberius.
instaurari epulas, &c.; i.e. called for fresh dishes and
more wine.
discumbitgue, remained at table.
$6. cuncta ... festinabantur, i.e. all was in a bustle with
conferences amongst the courtiers, and despatches
to, &c.
XVII. kal. Aprilis = septimo decimo die ante Kal.
Apr., i.e. on March the sixteenth.
interclusa anima, i.e. as he had fainted.

7. ad capienda...primordia, i.e. to surround himself with

the insignia of power.
C. Caesar; Caligula, son of Germanicus and Agrip
pina the elder.
C. c.
386 TACITI ANNALIUM WI. [ch.l.,

vocarique (ab eo ministros).

defectioni, his exhaustion.
8, ceteri...dispergi, i.e. the crowd dispersed, and all tried
to look either anxious or unconscious.
Caesar; Caligula.
in silentium fixus, struck speechless.
a summa spe, dashed from the pinnacle of hope.
novissima (exempla), i.e. death as his portion; see
Smith's Lat. Dict, novus, ii. 2.
$ 9. injectu, &c., i.e. by heaping bedclothes on him.
discedique, &c., i.e. and that all should withdraw.
finivit (vitam), like Gr. texe brmae.

LI. 1. transierit, &c., i.e. by the adoption of her father

into those families.

2. Casus, his fortunes.

Marcellus ... Caius Luciusque Caesares; see Fam. of
Aug., I. A. a, II. a. 8.
3. amore erat, &c., i.e. enjoyed to a greater degree the
love of, &c.
maxime in lubrico egit, he was in his most critical
position.
tolerans, &c., i.e. forced as he was either to connive at
it (if he remained at Rome), or to flee from it, (as he
did by retiring to Rhodes).
$4. Rhodo regressus; see on i. 4, 4.
vacuos ... penates... obtinuit, i.e. he held, for twelve
years, the (position of successor in the) heirless princes
house; he filled for twelve years the void left by death
in the palace of the prince; the void having been created
li.] NOTES. 387

by the deaths of Marcellus, Postumus Agrippa, Caius

and Lucius Caesar.

5. Morum quoque, &c.; his character, too, (as well as

his fortunes,) had its different epochs.
egregium (tempus morum fuit); it is a sort of personi
fication of time.
in imperiis, i.e. in holding commands.
occultum...subdolum refer to tempus, like egregium; it
was his period of reserve and craft in, &c.
Drusus ; his son.

6, incolumi, &c., abl. absol. ; in the lifetime of, &c.

utebatur, &c., followed nothing but the instincts of
his nature.
 LIB. XI.

I. 1. nam; this word of course shews that the com

mencement of this book is lost.
ejus; i.e. of Poppaea Sabina; she was daughter of
Poppaeus Sabinus (vi. 39), and mother of Nero's Pop
paea; see xiii. 43 for the mother, and xiii. 45 for the
daughter.
credidit (Messalina, wife of Claudius).
hortis; see Class. Dict., Roma, xvii. 1.
extollebat, &c., i.e. was adorning more splendidly
than ever.
immittit, &c., i.e. hounds on the delator Suilius to
accuse them both; (Valerius and Poppaea).
$2, vim atque opes; visis, intrinsic power, daring; opes
is, influence in the state, political power.
praecipuum, &c.; indirect speech, giving the substance
of the reflections cast on Asiaticus by Sosibius.
Casaris; Caligula, son of Germanicus and Agrip
pina.
concionem populi Romani; this refers not to a regular
contio for political purposes, which was a thing of the
past, but to a mob that assembled when Caligula had
been assassinated; in their hearing, we learn from Dion
Cassius, Valerius cried out, Would that I had killed
him 1" This expression of his is here distorted and
exaggerated; he was not among the conspirators, though
he approved the deed, when done.
ch. iii.] NOTES. $89

Jateri...petere; these are infinitives, used like the

Greek infinitive with &are, after extimuisse.
Jacinoris, see on iii. 50.
ultro, &c., i.e. actually to claim glory for that daring
crime; ultro implies that such a man might be well
content to escape reproach; but he reversed matters,
and went the length of calling it a deed to glory in.
clarum (esse); that from that time (or, for that
reason) he has been a man of celebrity, &c.
gentiles, i.e. of his own German stock.

II. 1. senatus copia, i.e. a hearing before, &c., a chance

of defending himself before them.
cubiculum (Claudii).
in omni flagitio obstrictos (esse), of being devoted to
him (their silence purchased) in every crime he chose
to commit.

3. majorem in modum, to an unusual extent.

4. abluendis, &c.; dat. of purpose, as constantly in
Tacitus.
Witellium; see vi. 32; he was father of the emperor
Vitellius.

5. Poppaeae; see on ch. 1, 1, ejus.

subditis (iis).
functam (esse eam), that she was dead.
Scipionem; this was Cornelius Scipio, iii. 74; xii.
53.

III. 1. consultanti (Claudio); for the dative see on

ii. 76, 2; in reply to him when he was deliberating
about, &c.
amicitie, i.e. of himself with Asiaticus.
{ -

390 TACITI ANNALIUM XI. [ch. iii.

utgue, and how, &c.; for Antoniam see Fam. of Aug.,

I. B. 8.
conciliandae, &c., (idonea).
permisit, i.e. advised Claudius to allow to Asiati
cus, &c.
in eandem clementiam, &c., i.e. and Claudius then
passed sentence with this gracious proviso; in, to give
effect to, lit. in the direction of, with that tendency; cf.
vi. 49, 3, in eundem dolorem.

2. remittere (se) beneficium, that he declined the in

dulgence.
lenem, i.e. without blood; such an end would be
painful enough, but more like a natural death.
lauto corpore, i.e. having bathed and perfumed himself.
impetu, fury, mad violence.
periturum (fuisse), would have died.
partem in aliam, i.e. of his gardens.
arborum; in the viridarium near his house.
securitatis, &c., i.e. so much composure in his last
moments did he enjoy; see Smiths Lat. Dict, novus,
ad fin.

IV. 1. addere; to Poppaea and Asiaticus.

equites...illustres; called also laticlavii; see on ii.
59, 4.
2. causa, i.e. the real reason.
ex eo quod, came from the fact that, &c.
3. quietis; for quies, of a dream, see on i. 65, 2, dira
quies.
alteri objecta (est), was charged against one of them;
this was the pretended causa necis,
retro, i.e., downwards,
-v.] NOTES. 391

eaque imagine, &c., and in consequence of that appear

ance had spoken of, &c., i.e. had imputed the high price
of corn to carelessness and bad management of Claudius;
others expl., had declared that such a thing was thereby
foretold.

4, visam, i.e. on Claudius' head. -

vergente auctumno, at the close of, &c.; this would

be the third month of autumn, praeceps auctumnus;
see on ii. 23, 1.
interpretatum (esse reum); the pampinea corona was
considered a symbol of ripeness approaching to decay,
and hence it was said that he augured that Claudius
would not survive the autumn.

5. Sesterti(or)um, &c.; see on ii. 37.

7. senatoriam, &c., i.e. what his position as senator com
pelled him to say.

V. 1. materiam, i.e. occasionem.

2, insignis eques; see on ii. 59, 4, for equites illustres.
Suillio datis, i.e. as a retainer for the defence.
cognita, &c., i.e. on learning that Suillius was with
the other side.

3. incipiente ; on the motion of.

memorabo ; ch. 12, 35.
legem Cinciam, i.e. the execution of its provisions.
The lex Cincia de donis ac muneribus was a plebiscitum
carried by M. Cincius Alimentus, tribunus plebis, in
the year B.C. 204, and re-enacted and confirmed by a se
natus-consultum under Augustus, when a penalty of
four times the fee received was imposed on the advocate
who took it,
392 TACITI ANNALIUM XI. [ch. vi.

VI. 1. discors Suillio, as he was at enmity with, &c.;

meaning, that his speech was dictated by private enmity
to Suillius.

2. Alioquin, &c., indirect speech, as far as facundia, below,

with infinitive moods in principal clauses, and subjunc
tives in relative and subordinate clauses; see on i. 4, 3;
otherwise (he declared) both the foremost of liberal ac
complishments was disgraced by a vile traffic in its ser
vices to men; sordidis means bought by money, paid
for; the bonarum artium princeps is eloquentia; the et
before bonarum artium means both, as introducing the
first of two consequences involved in alioquin, and is
supplemented by ne-quidom below, used instead of neque.
3. eant; for the more usual cedant; if suits were matter
of gain to none, furnished pay to no orator.
$4. Meminissent, subj. for imperat. of direct speech; let
them remember (he cried), &c.
Caii Asinii; see Class. Dict, Pollio, C. Asinius, and
Horace, Odes, ii. 1, l. 13.
Messala; see Class. Dict, Messala, 7.
Arruntii; see Class. Dict, L. Arruntius, 2; and vi. 48,
above.
AEsernini; grandson of Asinius Pollio; see iii. 11.
provectos (esse); they had reached the highest digni
ties by a life of purity and an eloquence unbought.
5. parabatur, &c.; i.e. a decree was about to pass; sup
ply rei with tenerentur, by which they might be de
clared convicted under the law of extortion; a decree
rendering them liable to, &c.
Cossutianus; see xiii. 33; xvi. 26, 28; Juvenal,
viii. 93.
quippe in manifestos; indeed, it regarded (or, it was
vii.] NOTES. 393

a case of) men already convicted, men whose guilt was

evident.
deprecantes; begging forgiveness for what was past,
for their past offences.

VII. 1. quem illum, &c., indirect speech; what man was

there (they demanded) presumptuous enough to antici
pate everlasting fame (as his reward for eloquence)?
2. praparari; i.e. in eloquence (they said) a resource of
practical use was provided.
3. contingere, i.e. it is not acquired by a man.
4. nihil, &c., no career, &c., except one whose advan
tages, &c.
$ 5. AEserninos, &c., i.e. men like, &c.
6. Prompta (esse) sibi exempla, they (the takers of fees)
had precedents to back them.
$ 7. Se modicos (esse), they were, they said, sen. of limited
means, of moderate fortune; cf. i. 73, 1, for modicos.
They contrast themselves with men who were ditium
familiarum heredes, and quieta respublica with the bel
lorum pramiis referti, above.
Cogitaret, &c., let him (the prince) consider men of
plebeian extraction, who acquired distinction by forensic
talent; i.e. what is to become of them, how are they to
live? toga is used constantly of a Roman's civil ca
pacity.
8. Ut minus decora, &c., though he thought these argu
ments hardly dignified, yet not finding them beside the
purpose.
tenerentur; see above on ch. 6, 5.
394 TACITI ANNALIUM XI. [ch. viii.

VIII. . 1. memoravi; somewhere in the lost books; Cae

saris refers to Caligua.
2. summaque, &c., i.e. and that, as the empire was di
vided on the choice of a master, smaller interests were
disregarded.
3. pleraque sava, the numerous cruel deeds; plerique, in
Tacitus, is = permulti.
4. ignarum, i.e. taken by surprise.
prafecturas; Armenia was divided, according to Pliny,
into seventy governments.
5, objecti amnis; the Tigris.

IX. 1. ad excidenda, &c.; supply idonei with militis

Romani.
castellorum ardua, i.e. the strongholds.
3. illuc, i.e. to his side.
fluxere, i.e. the tide set in favour of, &c.
atrociorem, &c., i.e. who shewed more cruelty, took
harsher measures, than was, &c.
$4. Parthi imperatores; Wardanes and Gotarzes.
fratri, Wardanes.
foedus...jaciunt, i.e. hastily propose.
cunctanter, i.e. agunt; with a certain distrust.
complexi dextras; see xii. 47, 3.

X. 1. avebat, i.e. and would have proceeded to invade it,

had not, &c.
Syria legato; Syria was a province of the Caesar;
hence legatus, of its governor; see p. 100.
3. itum (est), i.e. he was met (by Vardanes).
xi.] NOTES. 395

certato, neut. abl. absol.; when a contest had been

long carried on; after a long struggle.
5, intolerantior, for magis intolerandus, as iii. 45, 4.
claritudine, &c., (prep. inter after case, as commonly
in Tacitus), classed in renown with but few, &c.; i.e.
one who would have been equalled by but few of, &c.
6. inter ambiguos, quis, &c., i.e. in their uncertainty as
to who, &c.

7. obsidio, dat. of obsidium, used for obses, like servitium

for servus.

8, permitti, &c., i.e. be given up (he was a hostage at

{ome) to ascend his father's throne.

XI. 1. ludi seculares; see Dict. Antiq., and Macleane's

Introduction to Horace's Carmen Seculare.
(anno) post Romam conditam; see on i. 8, occisus
dictator.
(post) quam Augustus, &c.
2. rationes, &c., i.e. the calculations followed by, &c.
narratas libris, &c.; these books are lost.
3. quindecimvirali; see on vi. 12, 1. Horace, Carmen
Seculare, l. 70 sq. for what followscollegio quindecim
virum antiquitus ea cura.
$4. magistratus; referring to tunc praetor above; so that
Tacitus officiated in a double capacity.
5. Sedente, for praesidente.
circensibus ludis, in the Circus Maximus; see Class.
Dict, Roma, iv. 1,
396 TACITI ANNALIUM XI. [ch. xi

ludicrum Trojae; for a description of the game of

Troy, see Virgil, AEneid, v. 545 sqq.
favor plebis acrior, &c., i.e. the fact of more marked
applause being given by the crowd to him; for Domi
tius, grandson of the still-lamented Germanicus, see
Fam. of Aug., I. B. a. a.
6, affuisse, &c., i.e. had been posted by his cradle.
fabulosa, &c.; in apposition with what precedes: an
idle story, framed on the model of foreign marvels.

XII. 1. inclinatio; towards the young Domitius.

supererat ; like an inheritance.
suboles; here, descendant; he was grandson, as
above.
Agrippinae; Agrippina the younger; Fam. of Aug.,
I. B. a. 3.
commotior, more enraged (than usual, against Agripp.)
quo minus strueret (i.e. against Agripp.) &c., dis
tinebatur, &c.
2. C. Silium; son of C. Silius, iv. 18. See Juvenal,
x. 331 sq.
Juniam Silanam ; see xiii. 19.
exturbaret, &c., i.e. compelled her divorce.
vacuo, i.e. all to herself, unengaged with another
object; cf. Hist., v. 1, 4, adhuc vacuum, i.e. not yet
inclined to favour another, whose attention was not yet
engaged by another.
3. nonnulla...spe, abl. absol.; there being some hope;
so with certo exitio.
fallendi, of escaping the notice of Claudius.
magnis praemiis, abl. absol.; i.e. the price offered him
being high.
-xiv.] NOTES, 397

$4. domum (Silii); so with egressibus.

honores; i.e. public offices.
5. fortuna, &c., i.e. as if (with the transfer of the rulers
wife) the empire itself had already changed hands.
paratus, i.e. gold and silver plate, furniture, &c.; cf.
ch. 30, domum, servitia et ceteros fortuna paratus.
XIII. 1. matrimonii, i.e. of his wife's conduct.
munia censoria, &c., Munatius Plancus and Paulus
AEmilius Lepidus, in B.c. 22, were made censors by Au
gustus, and since them the office with its title had not
been regularly held; Augustus and Tiberius, in place
of the regular censorship, had held morum legumque
regimen perpetuum. Claudius took Vitellius (see Class.
Dict, Vitellius, 1) as his colleague; see xii. 4.
carmina scenae dabat, i.e. was a writer for the stage;
as an author of tragedies.
2. lege lata; see on iv. 15, 3, apud quos, &c. This was
a Senatus - consultum ; it was called S. C. Macedoni
anum, from Macedo, a notorious usurer, and provided
that any loan of money to a filius familias could not be
recovered, even after his father's death.
in mortem, &c., i.e. on post-obit bonds, as we say; to
be repaid on the death of, &c.; in, here, with a view to.
Fontesque aquarum, &c.; see Class. Dict, Roma, xiv.
8, 9. The Via Sublacensis, there mentioned, ran at the
foot of the Simbrivini montes.
3. vulgavit, i.e. brought them into use.
comperto, neut. abl. absol.; as it was well known
that, &c.
XIV. 1. saxis; he refers to obelisks; see on ii. 60, 4.
litterarum...inventores; see Herodotus, ii. 36; v. 58.
398 TACITI ANNALIUM XI. [ch. xiv.

4. ab Evandro ; meaning that the Latins learned the use

of letters from the Greeks.
et forma (eadem est) qua, &c. Pliny refers to a Del
phica tabula of bronze, preserved in his time at Rome,
containing very old Greek characters, of exactly the
same shape as the Latin.
Paucae; there were only sixteen. Plutarch attributes
the introduction of k to a schoolmaster named Sallus
tius, of g to Spurius Carvilius, of x to the time of
Augustus.
5 tres litteras adjecit.; see above on ch. 13, 3. The
AEolic digamma was introduced to distinguish the v
consonant (as in vulgus, servus) from the v vowel (u):
a letter called anti-sigma, formed of two sigmas (in the
old Greek form, like our c) placed back to back, to
represent bs or ps: the third is said to have been
a kind of iota, in sound between i and u, as in maximus
(or maxumus); cf. Quintilian, i. 7, 27. Of these the di
gamma alone is now found in certain Latin inscriptions
of the time of Claudius.
usui, i.e. being in use.
plebiscitis. The Comitia Tributa, at which alone true
plebiscita could be passed, had long ceased to be held;
see on i. 15. Either Tacitus has used the word for
Senatus-consultis (see ch. 13, 2, lege lata), or, with
Grotius, we must read plebi sctis (i.e. Senatus consultis);
see esp. xii. 53, 5. It is possible, however, that Claudius,
who affected revivals of antique usage, caused Comitia
Tributa to be held on certain occasions, as if reviving
the free-state. There still remains, in an almost com
plete state, a solitary specimen of a plebiscitum, which
Augustus caused to be passed; it concerns those who
damaged public aqueducts.
xvi.] NOTES. 399

XV. 1. Rettulit, &c., i.e. brought forward a motion in the

Senate on, &c.
ne...exolesceret, to the effect that they should not
allow, &c., to die out; indirect speech, to near end of
chapter.
accitos (esse haruspices).
rectius habitas, more religiously observed.
quod nunc segnius fieri, i.e. a zeal, he said, which was
now growing cool.
externa superstitiones; such as the worship of Isis,
Serapis, and other Egyptian deities (see on ii. 85),
Judaism, and Christianity, which was to Tacitus nothing
but an externa (and perniciosa) superstitio.
lata quidem, &c., i.e. and that, though the state was
prospering now, they ought to shew their gratitude for
the kindness of the gods, by not allowing rites observed
in times of trial and difficulty to be, &c. Others expl.
me as for ut non; that they have to thank the gods, for
not allowing, &c.
2. ex eo, owing to that, accordingly.
viderent, subj. gov. by ut supplied; to the effect
that, &c.
quae...haruspicum, i.e. what parts of the institution of
soothsaying.

XVI. 1. regem Roma petivit; see on ii. 1, 1, and com

pare xii. 14, 2.
urbem, &c., was kept in Rome.
3. auctum, &c., i.e. after furnishing him with, &c.
gentile decus, i.e. to assume, with a proper pride, the
rank of his ancestors.
illum primum, &c.; for that he was the first man who,
400 TACITI ANNALIUM XI. [ch. xvi.
being born at Rome, &c., was leaving it to ascend a
foreign throne.
4, atque eo, i.e. and especially, because, &c.
celebrari, coli, historical infin.; his court was thronged,
all respect was paid him.
vinolentiam, here, of excess in beer, which the Ger
mans drank plentifully then, as now; see Germania,
ch. 22.

5. longius, i.e. in distant countries.

6. Adeo neminem, &c., indirect speech; were they so
utterly destitute (they cried) of a man of native ori
gin, &c.
7. prascribi; see on iv. 52, 5; it was idle to set up his
connexion with Arminius.
cujus si filius, &c., for if that hero's son (not merely
a brother), &c.; the son of Arminius had been brought
up at Ravenna; see i. 58, 9.
8, paterna, i.e. of his father Flavius; see ii. 9.

XVII. 2. experirentur, subj. for imperat. of direct speech:

let them test his valour: they challenged his opponents
to decide by arms whether, &c.
3. rubori (ei esse), nor need he (they said) blush for his
father.

5. huic; this is expl., this discourse; but for such a

meaning his is required: others read hinc, on this side,
i.e. in favour of Italicus.
inter barbaros, equivalent to ut inter barbaros; it was
a great battle, for one fought between barbarians; it
would not have been thought so by Romans, comparing
it with Cannae, Pharsalia, Philippi, or Actium.
xix.] NOTES. 401

XVIII. 1. Sanquinii; see vi. 4, 4. He was praefectus

Casaris of Germania Inferior, an imperial province;
see pp. 99, 100; he had lately died, and his successor,
Domitius Corbulo, had not arrived.
diu meritus, who had long served (in the Roman
armies).
2. cii principium; referring to gloria; i.e. this campaign
laid the foundation of his fame.
astuaria et fossas; i.e. the Fossa Drusiana or Canal
of Drusus, and the lacus which have since united, and
become the Zuyder Zee: see on ii. 8, 1.
morem, i.e. discipline.
agmine decederet, i.e. leave the ranks, fall out, when
on march.

3. Stationes, vigilia; see on i. 28, 5.

5. nimia, &c., these instances, though of excessive se
verity, and though it is doubtful whether, &c.
intentumque (eum fuisse), that he was strict in mark
ing, &c.
credebatur, i.e. was attributed.

XIX. 1. ferociam (suam).

2. L. Apronii, &c., iv. 73.
3. missis (iis) qui, &c.
4. degeneres, i.e. a stain on Roman honour.
5. ut lata (fama, abl.), i.e. and though the news was
received by most men (in Rome) with enthusiasm, yet
some spoke unfavourably of it.
6 casura (esse); the usual indirect speech, giving the
substance of their murmurs.
D d
402 TACITI ANNALIUM XI. [ch. xx.

XX. 2. exueret; exuo does not imply that they had been
idle; see esp. on vi. 25, 3, feminarum vitia eruerat.
incerta Oceani, &c., i.e. that by it occasional inunda
tions might be prevented.
3. Insignia triumphi; see on i. 72, and iii. 72.
$4. agro Mattiaco; see Class. Dict, Mattiaci.
damno, i.e. to the public treasury, aerarium; the mine
did not pay expenses. -

effodere rivos, i.e. in making trenches, to drain the

mine.
quaque in aperto, &c., i.e. et ea quae, &c....moliri, and
in executing below ground works toilsome enough in
the open air.
5. (iis ducibus) quibus, &c.; exercitus is accus. pl.
triumphalia (insignia or ornamenta); see 3, above.

XXI. 2. quaestoris, &c.; Africa was a province of the

Senate; hence there was a quastor there; see p. 100.
secretus agitat, i.e. as he was walking alone.
pro consule; for Africa was a province of the Senate;
see p. 99 ad fin.: the phantom was well up in techni
calities.

3. urbem, Rome.
ex se natus; an expression which is ambiguous, as
applicable either to a man of no family, or to a man
who has acquired, not inherited, fame; Curtius Rufus
was both. Cicero, Philippics, vi. 6, says of himself:
quem vos a se ortum hominibus nobilissimis...prae
tulistis.

$4. Longa, &c., abl. of description; a man who lived to, &c.
tristi adulatione, &c., and who fawned, in his gloomy
way, upon, &c.; we may remark, that he does not seem
-xxii.] NOTES, 403

to have been one of nature's gentlemen, but, like many

modern instances, proves that no dignities will change
the born snob.
triumphi insignia; see ch. 20, 3, above.
Africam, i.e. as proconsular governor for the Senate.

XXII. 1. cognitis mox, afterwards discovered.

reperitur: Suetonius informs us that Claudius caused
his visitors and courtiers to be strictly searched before
coming into the presence.
2. Nam; referring to neque cognitis mox.
an occultans, i.e. whether he had any to conceal.
3. spectaculum gladiatorum; these were called ludi quas
torii; the obligation to exhibit them was removed by
Nero; see xiii. 5, 1.
adipiscerentur, i.e. wished to obtain, were candidates
for it; the emperor knew what men's means were equal
to the expense, and so the office was, as it were, put up
to sale (venundaretur, below).
quaesturam; see Dict. Antiq. and Liddell's Rome,
pp. 133, and 371-2.
4. ne atas quidem distinguebatur; as it afterwards was
by the Lex Annalis of L. Willius, tribunus plebis in B.C.
180, a law fixing the age at which it was lawful for
a man to be a candidate for each of the public offices.
The earliest age for the quaestorship appears to have
been twenty-seven, (this is inferred from the age at
which the Gracchi and others are known to have held
it): we get the other ages from Cicero, de Lege Agraria,
ii. 37; where he says that he held each of his curule
offices at the earliest age permitted by the law; a man
was then said to get the office in his own year, and this
404 TACITI ANNALIUM XI. [ch. xxii.,
was the case with Cicero in each office, De Officiis,
ii. 17. The first curule office, the MEdileship, could
be held at thirty-seven; the Praetorship, at forty; the
Consulship, at forty-three.
5. lex curiata; see Liddells Rome, p. 29, on Comitia
Curiata: this was a lex defining the prerogative of the
kings, and after their expulsion, Brutus caused its re
enactment, conferring what had been the kingly powers
upon the Consuls. Cicero, de Republica, ii. 13, writes:
Numa...ipse de suo imperio curiatam legem tulit.
$6. deligendi (quaestores).
7, comitarentur, &c., i.e. as paymasters and treasurers to
the consuls and praetors in command of armies.
$ 8. curarent (negotia).
9. lege Syllae, &c.; see Liddell's Rome, p. 616.
viginti; as Julius Caesar appointed forty, for the
same purpose.
supplendo senatui; because ex-quaestors (quastorii)
were made senators.

10. equites judicia, &c.; see Liddell's Rome, pp. 538,

616,626.
facilitate, &c., the favour of those who had the right
of bestowing it: the Comitia Tributa under the Republic,
the princeps afterwards, through the Senate.
gratuito, i.e. without putting candidates to expense.

XXIII. 1. A. Vitellio; afterwards emperor.

de supplendo senatu; this belonged to the censorship,
which Claudius now held; see on ch. 13, 1. There
were many vacancies, as Claudius had caused many
xxiii.] NOTES. 405

members to retire, see ch. 25, 5, 6: hence the applica

tions from Gallia Comata.
agitaretur, i.e. a discussion took place.
Comata ; Class. Dict., Gallia, 1.
pridem assecuti; under Augustus and Julius Caesar.
jus...honorum, i.e. made a claim for admission to the
Senate and the magistracies which were filled from the
Senate, or which themselves served to replenish it.
2. studiis, &c., i.e. the contest was zealously carried on
by an opposing party before, &c.
asseverantium (studiis), i.e. with all the zeal of men
asserting, &c.
non adeo agram (esse), was not fallen so low.
urbi suae, to her own capital.
3. Suffecisse, &c. The argument is that before the Social
war native Romans (indigenas) had formed the Senate
that was good enough for the Italian allies of kin
dred blood (consanguineis) : why then go to the Gauls,
a foreign alien race?
panitere, need they be ashamed of, &c.
priscis moribus, abl. absol.; under the old system, in
the good old times.
Quin adhuc, nay, even now, &c.
4. An parum (esse), was it not enough then? an asks
with indignation or impatience.
captivitas for captivorum turba.
5. residuis, &c. Many of the noble families of the
Republic were now extinct, or too much reduced in
fortunes to be able to remain in the Senate; see esp.
ch. 25, 3.
7. qui Capitolio et ara, &c. This is a hopelessly corrupt
passage: the allusion undoubtedly is to the Gauls who
xxiv.] NOTES. 407

fesso imperio, &c., the exhaustion of the state was

recruited. Others do not refer deductarum to colonies
at all, but expl., when the distribution of our legions
through the whole world had served as a pretext for
admitting the flower of the provincials to their ranks,
and by that means the powers of the state were re
newed.

$4. Balbos; see Class. Dict, Balbus. L. Cornelius, 1.

$ 5. pro, i.e. as being, &c.; spurned their subjects from
them as aliens.

$ 6, plerosque, several.
$ 7. Advenae; Claudius, in his speech, mentions Numa,
Tarquinius Priscus, and Servius Tullius.
magistratus mandari; the infin. is the nomin. ; the
fact that high offices are entrusted to, &c., is not, as
many wrongly suppose, an innovation, but it was fre
quently done by the people in the olden time, i.e. under
the Republic; for repens see on vi. 7, 4, and for prior
populus see on iv. 32, 1, veteres populi Romani res.
libertinorum; Suetonius (Claudius, 24) tells us that
Claudius argued that his ancestor, Appius Claudius
Caecus (see Class. Dict, Claudius, 5), when censor, ad
mitted into the Senate libertinorum filii, and that, thus
arguing, he shewed his ignorance of the fact that in the
time of Appius libertinus meant the son of a libertus,
who would be ingenuus, and so as eligible for the Senate
as any other man. See esp. Smith's Lat. Dict, ad v.
libertinus, ii.
priori populo factitatum est; not before Julius Caesar.
$8. At, but, it is said.
Senonibus; Class. Dict., Senones.
408 TACITI ANNALIUM XI, [ch. xxiv.,

9. Tuscis; under Porsena; the fact was that he com

pletely conquered Rome; cf. Hist., iii. 72.
Samnitium, &c., in B.c. 321, at the Caudine Forks;
see Liddell's Rome, p. 203.
breviore spatio; Gallia Comata was subdued by Caesar
in nine years.
10, inferant, let them, &c.
XXV. 1. primi AEdui; i.e. the right claimed was granted
to all the primores of Gallia Comata, and the AEdui
were the first named in the decree, in the place of
honour.
senatorum jus; see on ch. 23, 1, jus...honorum.
2. foederi antiquo, i.e. in compliment to the antiquity of
their confederacy with Rome.
fraternitatis nomen, &c., see Caesar, de Bell. Gall,
i.43; Cicero, ad Atticum, i. 19, 2, writes AEdui, fratres
nostri.

3. (eos) quibus, &c.

majorum...minorum gentium; for familia and gentes
see Liddell's Rome, pp. 41, 43, 44. The majorum gen
tium patres were those whose fathers were patricians
under Romulus and Tatius; the minorum gentium patres,
the senators of younger (or, inferior) families, were those
meritorious and opulent plebeians who were elected into
the order of the patricians. According to Cicero, de
Republica, ii. 20, it was L. Tarquinius, who, doubling
the number of the Senate, called the original senators
patres majorum gentium, and those enrolled by himself
minorum, &c.; so Livy, i. 35. The senators created by
L. Brutus were called conscripti, according to Livy, ii.
1; it is clear that, according to analogy, they might
also be called minorum gentium patres.
xxv.] NOTES. 409

exhaustis...(iis) quas, &c.

lege Cassia; nothing is known of this law; Suetonius
simply says, (Caesar, 41) patricios allegit; probably
C. Cassius carried the law enabling him to do so.
lege Saenia ; the laws at that time took their names
from the consuls of the current year; a L. Saenius is
found in inscriptions as Consul suffectus at this time.
On the Monumentum Ancyranum (see on i. 2, annona,)
we read: patriciorum numerum auxi consul quintum (i.e.
B.C. 28).jussu populi et senatus.

4. Lataque hac, &c., i.e. as these duties of the censorship

had a popular tendency, they were, &c.; censoris means
Claudius; see ch. 13, 1.

5. recens repertam ; by Augustus; Suetonius, Octav,

ch. 35.
quam; supply magis; rather than in accordance
with, &c., he allowed them to retire voluntarily, in
stead of expelling them (movere Senatu) by his cen
sorial prerogative.
monendo (senatores); supply ut for the subj. that
follow.
exuendi ordinis; as iii. 17, exuta dignitate (senatori).
6. Facilem (esse), i.e. that indulgence would (he said)
be readily granted.
simul, i.e. in one and the same list.
propositurum (esse se).
motos senatu, those expelled, as famosi probris, 5,
above.
excusatos, i.e. those who voluntarily retired.
judicium...permixti, the confounding of, &c.
7, rettulit, proposed (in the Senate), moved.
-xxvii.] NOTES, 411

infamia est, i.e. persons have no appetite for stale

offences, who look for their reward in offending to the
infamy gained by it.

$ 7. expectato, neut. abl. absol.; without waiting longer

than till, &c.
sacrificii; at Ostia was a temple of the Castores
(Roman term for Castor and Pollux, see Class. Dict,
Dioscuri), who were believed to rule the winds and
waves. Ammianus writes that in a time of great scar
city of corn Tertullus, prafectus annonae, offered sacri
fice in that temple, for the twins to smooth the waves
and let the corn-ships reach Italy in safety; for the
dependence of Rome for her corn on lands beyond sea
cf. iii. 54, 6. Lipsius accordingly believes that Clau
dius, who built a new harbour at Ostia, instituted the
sacrifices in question, and was going to Ostia for this
purpose on this occasion.

XXVII. 1. visum iri; the future infin. pass, is made up

of iri, the infin. of the impersonal itur, things are going,
and the active supine (accus of the verbal noun of the
fourth declension, possessing the verbal power of go
verning a case); so here lit., that matters are tending
towards people seeing (visum, accus. after verb of mo
tion) an idle tale, i.e. that it will appear a fable.
civitate, city, Rome.
nihil reticente, which keeps no secrets.
adhibitis (iis), &c., after summoning people to solemnly
witness (or sign and seal) the contract; the tabulae dotis,
or tabulae nuptiales (ch. 30) are referred to.
suscipiendorum, &c., i.e. as in a regular and legitimate
marriage-ceremony: procreandorum liberorum causa was
412 TACITI ANNALIUM XI. [ch. xxvii.

a formula in the Roman marriage-ceremony, as in

OurS.

auspicum ; they attended the marriage ceremony on

behalf of the bridegroom, as the pronuba attended the
bride. On this marriage see Juvenal, x. 333 sqq.;
and cf. ii. 117-124. The taking of the auspicia had
become a mere form.
subisse; the passage is corrupt; some supply templa;
others read nupsisse.
discubitum (esse ab e), that she took her place at
table, i.e. at the nuptial banquet, or, that they, &c.; see
Juvenal, ii. 120, gremio jacuit nova nupta mariti.
oscula, &c.; supply fuisse.
audita, &c., what was heard and committed to writing
by, &c. Others expl., what I have heard from and find
recorded by, &c.
senioribus : cf. iii. 16, 1.

XXVIII. 1. domus principis, i.e. the court; official per

sons and attendants.
maximeque (ii, as nomin. to historical infin. fremere)
quos penes (prepos. after case, as often in Tacitus)
potentia (erat), &c.; he refers to Callistus, Narcissus,
and Pallas.
sires, &c., i.e. and who therefore had most to fear
from a revolution.
histrio ; Mnester, the mimus; see ch. 36.
exultabero ; this manifestly corrupt reading has been
variously replaced by insultaverit (i.e. while a player
danced himself into the emperor's chamber) and expug
naverit, i.e. quasi vi illicita occupaverit.
illatum (esse principi).
dignitate, &c., ablatives of description; distinguished
by, &c.
-xxix.] NOTES. 413

accingi, in Greek middle sense, was (they said) aim

ing at, &c.
quid...superesset; i.e. his grasping at supreme power.
2. reputantes, acc. after subibat; crept over them when
they reflected on the stupidity and uxorious character
of Cl.; on his stupid and blind attachment to his wife.
3. praevaluissent, i.e. if they only carried all before them
with Claudius by the mere mention of Messalina's enor
mous wickedness.
utgue clausae, &c., i.e. the important point was that he
should not hear her at all; if he did, he would forgive
her, even if she avowed her guilt.
ut, &c., is explanatory of in eo, &c.; but, the risk
they ran turned upon this, i.e. their chance of safety
was, that his ears should be closed to her even if she
were ready to avow her guilt; i.e. so as to require no
proof from them.

XXIX. 1. Callistus; a freedman of, and conspirator

against, Caligula.
mihi, dat. of agent, circa, in connection with.
Appianae, of Appius Silanus.
gratia, &c., abl. of description; then the reigning
favourite.
cuncta alia, i.e. her other adulteries and crimes.
2. ultro, &c.; i.e. lest they should not only not effect
their purpose, but even be themselves ruined; ultro
expressing here, as always in Tacitus, a result contrary
to expectation, the turning of the tables upon a person,
something not bargained for.
peritus, &c., i.e. because he was an old courtier, and
well aware that, &c.; the force of peritus being carried
414 TACITI ANNALIUM XI. [ch. xxix.

on so as to govern the dependent infinitive clause,

haberi, &c.
longa...mora, abl. absol.; as Caesar was still lingering
at, &c.
uxore (Caesaris), &c., i.e. if she were got rid of.

XXX. 1. secretum, secrecy, a private interview.

2. idem, i.e. that very question, or, the opportunity of
making that same statement.
3. ei...,dissimulavisset, i.e. had concealed (Messalina's
adulteries) from Claudius as long as they were con
fined to (insignificant men like) Wettius and Plautius;
see ch. 35, 6; 36, 5.
objecturum (esse se), i.e. against Silius, (a man of far
different calibre, and therefore dangerous).
ne domum, &c.; me, here for nedum; much less would
he (be so unreasonable as to) ask Silius to restore to
Claudius his palace, slaves, and the other insignia of
his exalted condition; for me in this sense see Sallust,
Catilina, ch. 11 ad fin.; for paratus, see on ch. 12, 5.
$4. Frueretur (Silius), &c.; subj, for imperative of direct
speech.
rumperetque, &c., i.e. annul the marriage; it seems
that breaking the nuptiales tabulae was a significant act
that took place at divorce.
5. nam...miles, i.e. it has been done so openly, that they
must all think you are aware of it, and that you are
resigning both wife and power.
tenet urbem, is master of Rome.

XXXI. 1. rei frumentariae prafectum; the Praefectus an

nona was a permanent officer (see i. 7, 3, for Turra
xxxii.] NOTES. 415

nius), chosen from the Equites, appointed by Augustus,

with jurisdiction over all matters belonging to the corn
market.
Lusium Getam; see xii. 42, 1.
2. fatentibus, i.e. avouching the fact of Messalinas mar
riage with Silius.
iret (Claudius), &c.; let him go to, &c.
4. non alias, &c., more abandoned than ever.
adulto auctumno, abl. absol.; as it was mid-autumn;
see on ii. 23, 1.
simulacrum vindemiae; i.e. vines with the grapes on
them were brought out of the country to the house of
Silius in Rome.

5. Urgeri, were being plied.

pellibus, i.e. fawn-skins; worn by the Bacchantes;
see Euripides, Bacchae, and Class. Dict. Dionysus, for
the allusions to the Bacchic rites.
jacere caput, &c., i.e. tossed his head to the strains of
Silenus and the Satyrs.
6. Vettium; see on ch. 30, 3.
lascivia, in a frolic.
caeperat, i.e. had begun to shew itself. Others read
ceperat, and expl. species of his sight, and ea as accus.
neut. pl., referring to tempestatem in a vague way;
whether it was that his sight had really apprehended
anything of the kind: for species in this rare sense cf.
Lucretius, iv. 242, speciem quo vortimus, where we direct
our looks, turn our eyes.
vertit, intransitive, as often.

XXXII. 2. Lucullianos...hortos; see above on ch. 1, 1.

416 TACITI ANNALIUM XI. [ch. xxxii.

dissimulando, dat. of purpose, metu being old form

for metui.

4. consilium, i.e. the power of deliberating properly.

Britannicus...Octavia; her children by Claudius.
5. pontificis maximi; Claudius himself.
expetere, to demand, &c.; see on iii. 69,9, and cf. His
tories, iii. 81, 3.
6. spatium urbis, i.e. the whole length of the city; from
the Collis Hortulorum, in north of Rome, where the
horti Luculliani were, to the Porta Ostiensis, in extreme
south.

XXXIII. 1. juxta levi, &c., i.e. a man of no principles

(ballast), equally ready for good and evil.
2. assumptis (iis) quibus, &c. (erat).
jus militum, i.e. the control of the praetorians.

XXXIV. 1. facinus...scelus; see on iii. 50. Vitellius,

not knowing how the matter might end, discreetly con
fined himself to such exclamations as how shocking!'
and Is it possible? (Dr. Merivale.)
2. Instabat (Vitellio), i.e. kept urging him to speak out,
and let Claudius know the real state of the case, i.e. his
real danger, if he did not destroy Messalina.
ambages; so called because the expressions might
refer either to Messalina's conduct, or to the bold step
of Narcissus in denouncing her.
veri copiam, &c., some expl., to let them hear what he
really meant.
inclinatura, &c., lit., words that would turn to any
sense to which they might be drawn; capable of any
interpretation the speaker chose to give them.
-xxxv.] NOTES, 417

3. audiret, subj. for imperat. -

cum obstrepere, historical infin. ; while he drowned

her voice by, &c.
4. libidinum, &c., i.e. containing a list of her adulterous
lovers.

5. Vibidiam; see on ch. 32, 5.

depellere...quin, equal to prohibere quominus.
invidia, i.e. reproachful language; as a Vestal, she
claimed to be heard as a right; others expl. invidia of
the indignation of those who heard, roused against her
self for interfering.

XXXV. 1. ignaro propior, i.e. appeared to know nothing:

he affected ignorance of Messalina's real conduct, in
order to avoid the responsibility of giving any orders.
2. effigiem; see on ii. 27, 2, imaginibus.
abolitam, i.e. though its destruction had been enjoined
by, &c. Silius the father had been condemned on a
charge of majestas (iv. 19); and therefore, in the dam
natio memoria which followed, his imagines had been
ordered to be destroyed; see ii. 32, 2. Narcissus points
to the restoration of this imago as a proof of the inso
lence of Silius the son.
quicquid avitum (esset), &c., i.e. all the ancestral
treasures, heirlooms of, &c.; meaning pictures, statues,
&c., brought from the Palace to the house of Silius;
see ch. 12, 5, on paratus.
probri, i.e. adulterii.
3. castris, i.e. of the praetorian guard; see on iv. 2, 1.
4. tribunali; see on i. 18, 4.
5, illustres equites; see on ii. 59, 4.
E e.
418 TACITI ANNALIUM XI. [ch. xxxv

6. custodem, as a spy upon her; i.e. to watch her pro

ceedings, for his own safety.
indicium; this is said to refer especially to informa
tion (Queen's evidence) given by one of the culprits, on
condition of pardon.
7. vigilum prafectus; see Dict. Antiq.; he undertook the
duties entrusted under the Republic to the Triumviri
nocturni, and was the commander of the city-watch.
Augustus formed seven cohorts of night-patrols, one for
each two of the fourteen regiones (compare the arron
dissements of Paris) into which Rome was divided; they
protected the city against nightly fires, robbery, burglary,
and riot; the vigilum prafectus was chosen from the
equites, and was subordinate to the prafectus urbi.
ludi procurator, the superintendent of the imperial
ludi, or schools of gladiators.
senator; those are so called, who had held no public
office; cf. iii. 36, C. Cestius senator.

XXXVI. 1. aspiceret (Claudius), let him see, &c.

verberum, i.e. given to him by Messalinas orders,
when he did not please her.
se dedisset, &c., i.e. Claudius had put him (Mnester)
entirely at the orders of, &c.
2. aliis...culpam (fuisse), others (he cried) had erred
from, &c.; spei refers to the ambition of rising to power
through gratifying Messalina.
3. consuleretur, impersonal; mercy should be shewn to.
4. ultro; i.e. he had not thrown himself in Messalina's
way, but she had actually sent for him to her couch.
paribus, &c., abl. of description; equally wanton as
she was in conceiving a lustful passion and growing
-xxxviii.] NOTES. 419

weary of it; capricious alike in feeling desire and

disgust.
5. patrui; probably the A. Plautius who was in Britain;
see Agricola, ch. 14.

XXXVII. 1. spe, i.e. expressions of hope.

tantum; expl. by some as for tantummodo, only; all
she needed was her (wonted) pride. Others expl., so
greatly in her extremity was she wanting in pride; this
might stand, referring to prolatare vitam, was doing all
she could to prolong her life, and to componere preces;
with regard to ira, preferable readings are tanta...su
perbia agebat, tantum...superbiae gerebat.
verterat, intransitive; would have recoiled.
2. tempestivis, lit. early; i.e. served before the usual
time of 3 p.m. ; cf. Cicero, pro Archia, vi. 13, tem
pestivis conviviis. It really means a luxurious, or pro
longed, feast; beginning early, but continuing late.
usum (esse Claudium).
3. languescere...redire, historical infin. after ubi.
4. Custos, &c., i.e. to see that the orders were executed;
for exactor, cf. iii. 14 ad fin., mortis exactor.
Lepida; Fam. of Augustus, I. B. a. a'.
5. servilibus, worthy of his slavish nature; uttered with
all the baseness of a slave.

XXXVIII. 1. introsperit, &c., she knew her doom.

quod frustra...admovens, and as, with trembling hand,
she vainly strove for nerve to plunge it in her throat or
heart.
420 TACITI ANNALIUM XI. [ch. xxxviii.

2. non distincto, neut. abl. absol. , without express men

tion whether, &c. * .

epulanti, see ch. 37, 2.

solita...celebravit, continued the banquet as usual;
i.e. pledged his guests, heard songs and music, and ex
hausted all the formalities of the banquet.
$ 4. censendo nomen (Messalinae)...demovemdas; the dam
natio memoriae; see on ii. 32, 2. On an extant Latin
inscription is seen the gap after the name of Claudius
and his titles, where the name of Messalina has been
erased.

5. levissimum (insigne), &c., a very trifling distinction

for his disdainful spirit, when his power towered above
that of Pallas and Callistus. Others read fastigii, height
of power. As to quaestoria insignia, Dr. Merivale re
marks that the insignia of high magistracies were awarded
to him, though it was impossible to admit a freedman
to the office itself.
honesta quidem; a hopelessly corrupt passage, of
which the general sense was probably as follows:thus
was completed a retribution, just indeed, but entailing
fearful consequences, and only changing the scene of
sorrows for the afflicted empire,
 LIB, XII.

I. 1. imperiis obnoxio; cf. xi. 36, 1, obnoxium jussis.

2. contendere, historical infin.; they compared them with
those of their rivals; others better expl., they insisted
on, made the most of; nobilitas seeming to apply espe
cially to Petina, forma to Agrippina, opes to Lollia; see
ch. 22, 3, on the last.
digna, i.e. her claims, pretensions, to, &c.
3. M. Lollii (i.e. filiam, a common ellipse).
4. huc...promptus, sometimes hot upon one, sometimes
on another.
discordantes (libertos).

II. 1. disserebat, &c., i.e. mentioned (as reasons for his

marrying Petina) the facts of her being his former
wife, &c. Claudius had divorced both her and Plautia
Urgulanilla.
familiam, here, of one child, Antonia, her daughter
by Claudius.
Britannicum...Octaviam, children of Claudius by Mes
salina.
proxima suis pignora, children so closely allied to her
own, i.e. half-brother and half-sister to Antonia, as
having the same father, Claudius.
2. Callistus (disserebat).
improbatam (esse Petinam), that she was marked with
disapproval, condemned for ever, by, &c.
422 TACITI ANNALIUM XII. [ch. ii.

superbam (fore eam).

quando...genuisset, after vacuam, &c.
aemulatione, i.e. in love for children of her own (if she
had any) and those of Claudius.
3. Germanic nepotem; the young Domitius, afterwards
Emperor Nero; see on xi. 11, 5, favor plebis acrior, &c.
imperatoria, &c., i.e. of being received into the ruling
house.
stirpem nobilem, he was (he argued) of noble birth,
and such as touched on (i.e. nearly equalled that of,
reading contingeret) the descendants of the Claudian
house; taking familia as used for gens, as in i, 4, 3.
Others take stirpem of Agrippina, and, reading conjun
geret, expl., she was of noble birth, and one who would
unite in one family (if she married Claudius) the de
scendants of the Claudian house. She was grand
daughter of Drusus Senior (see Class. Dict, Drusus, 4)
through her father Germanicus, and Claudius was son
of Drusus Senior, whose grandfather, Livius Drusus
Claudianus (see Class. Dict, Drusus, 3), was one of the
gens Claudia.
ne femina, let not, then, he urged, a lady, &c.
integra juventa, abl. of description, i.e. still in the
freshness of youth.
Casarum; Agrippina being lineally descended from
Augustus (i.e. his great-granddaughter), through her
mother Agrippina the elder; see Fam. of Aug., II.5.8.l.
III. 1. necessitudinis, of her relationship; she was his
niece, as daughter of Claudius' brother, Germanicus.
2. AEnobarbo; Domitius, iv. 75.
et alia, accus of reference, in other ways also; espe
cially because he was descended from Augustus, as son
v.] NOTES. 423

of Appius Silanus and AEmilia Lepida, great-grand

daughter of Aug.: see Fam. of Aug., II. Y; and Class. .
Dict., Silanus, 7, 9.
insigni, here a subst, as in iv. 23, 1; see on i. 72,
iii. 72, for triumphalium.
IV. 1. nomine censoris; see on xi. 13, 1.
implicari, in Greek middle sense, engaged himself in.
sane decora et procar, a girl, beautiful it is true, and
free in her manners; sane concedes this much, as some
faint apparent excuse and colour for the charge made
by Vitellius.
Witellii nurus; she had been married to L. Witellius,
one of his sons, consul this year.
2. fratrum, here, of a brother and sister.
incustoditum; we learn from Seneca, who calls her
festivissima omnium puellarum, that she was sportively
called Juno by her brother.
3. filiae, Octavia; of course he would wish to save her
from marriage with such a man.
4 ordine...movetur, &c.; see on xi. 25, 6, 8: the re
moval of the culprit should legally have been delayed
till another lectio.

5. affinitatem; between Silanus and his daughter; the

act of betrothal was rescinded. In ch. 3, 2, we read,
L. Silano desponderat Octaviam Caesar, hence generum
in 3, above.
reliquus...dies; he was thus forced to resign on the
last day but one of the year. For Eprius Marcellus,
see Class. Dict, and Histories, ii. 53.
W. 2, incestum, &c., its incestuous character was dreaded,
i.e. by the superstitious mind of Claudius.
424 TACITI ANNALIUM XII. [ch. v.
suis artibus, i.e. his wonted methods.
3. consensui imparem, i.e. unable to resist their con
sentient voice.

4. summamque...agi, that its highest interests are at

stake. w

5. Quod levamentum ; see esp. on iii. 34, 4.

censoria, &c.; the expression attributes to Claudius
gravity of demeanour and conscientious toil.

VI. 1. favorabili, insinuating, plausible.

capto, &c., i.e. resuming his speech, he said that, &c.
2. Nec diu anquirendum (esse)=nec posse dubitari, &c.
artes, &c., i.e. that her good qualities corresponded
to those other advantages.
3. egregium (esse), it was (he said) a singularly happy
circumstance that as a widow she could be united to,
&c.; that she was a widow, and so would, &c. Agrip
pina's previous husband was Crispus Passienus, whom
she married after the death of Cn. Domitius.
sua...experto, i.e. who had never meddled with other
men's wives.
Audivisse, &c.; of Livia, for instance, whom Augustus
took from Tib. Claudius Nero.
vidisse; Caligula took his sister Drusilla from her
husband L. Cassius Longinus; also Livia Orestilla from
C. Piso.

4. Statueretur, &c., rather let a precedent be established,

in accordance with which, &c.
acciperet, i.e. according to the will of the senate.
$5. At enim, but, it will be said, &c.
diu ignorata (matrimonia); marriages with cousins,
 ix.] NOTES. - 425

he pointed out, though long unheard of, had in course

of time, &c. We may refer to the union of Marcellus,
nephew of, with Julia, daughter of Augustus.
usurpentur, are in regular use.

VII. 1. vi acturos (esse se), i.e. they would compel him

to marry her; this was their disgusting adulation.
3. Nec...ultra expectato, neut. abl. absol.; and so, with
out further delay.
5. illudenti, &c., making her sport of the interests of the
state.

$6. Adductum, &c., i.e. it was a despotism strict as

though wielded by a man.
severitas, i.e. was shewn by Agrippina.
nisi expediret; as in the case of her intrigue with
Pallas (ch. 25, 1), who had so powerful an influence
over Claudius.

7. obtentum, &c., i.e. was masked by the pretext of its

being raised as, &c.

VIII. 2. Addidit, i.e. in a clause of the decree banishing

Calvina.
legibus Tulli regis; the laws attributed to the time of
the kings were called leges regia.
3. Annao Seneca; see Class. Dict, Seneca, 2.
latum (id fore)...rata, thinking it would be acceptable
to the public.
Domitii; her son, afterwards emperor, Nero.
injuriae; it was Claudius who had banished him, at
the instance of Messalina.

IX. 1. Octaviam, daughter of Claudius, by Messalina.

426 TACITI ANNALIUM XII. [ch. ix.

patefacturum, &c., likely to open the road to higher

things.
2. ac, from (those lately used by, &c.), after disparibus;
Smith's Lat. Dict, atque, A. ii. 2.
priorem, &c., his former relationship to Claudius;
Claudius was his great-uncle, as uncle of Agrippina,
and his step-father, as husband of Agrippina.
aquari, historical infin.
arte, &c., and by the intrigues (policy) of, &c.
X. 1. ut rettuli; in xi. 10.
defectione, i.e. as revolters from, &c.
et filium, &c.,...accedere, but (so far from there being
a movement against the Arsacidae), even the son of, &c.
(himself an Arsacid), was come over to their side (they
said) against, &c.
2. longius sitos, i.e. more distant relations.
tegat, i.e. was defending his own slothful sovereignty
by putting to death those who might seek to deprive
him of the throne.
3. Veterem sibi (esse), they had (they reminded the
Senate).
publice coeptam, i.e. founded on public treaties.
subveniendum (esse), aid ought to be given to, &c.
cedentibus, i.e. to the power of Rome.
4, dari; by the Parthians to the Romans.
assuefactus, &c., i.e. since a better king, one trained
up in Roman habits, could be thus elected.

XI. 1. fastigio, height of power.

obsequiis; as when Phraates IV, restored to Augustus
the standards and prisoners taken from Crassus and
Antonius; see Class. Dict, Arsaces, 15.
--xii.] . NOTES. 427

miserat (reges ad Parthos). Tiberius had sent three:

Vonones, Phraates, Tiridates; see ii. 1, and vi. 32.
2. dominationem, &c., i.e. consider himself as a master
(dominus meaning owner, absolute master, as of slaves),
and his subjects as slaves, but himself as a ruler and
them as his fellow-citizens.
quanto (magis) ignara, &c., i.e. virtues which, as
quite unknown to, &c., would be so much the more
welcome to them, or, would make his rule the more
acceptable.
3. extollit (Meherdaten).
alumnum urbis, as a true son of Rome, and up to that
time of remarkable propriety of conduct.
ferenda (esse), i.e. they must allow for their peculiar
dispositions; put up with caprices.
4. Syria pracerat ; as legatus of an imperial province,
pp. 99, 100.

XII. 1. in aequo tenet, i.e. alike in public estimation; the

able man cannot shine.

2. morem, discipline.
cura, &c., with agere, historical infin.
familia (for gente) Cassia...celebrata; see Class. Dict,
Cassius, 8.
3. excitis (iis) quorum, &c.
petitus (erat Roma).
urgeret, &c., let him press on his enterprise.
5, vocante, &c., i.e. though he summoned them and pro
mised them certain success, if, &c.
comminus, i.e. which lay hard by.
importunam, i.e. for military operations,
428 TACITI ANNALIUM XII. [ch. xiii.

XIII. 1. per occulta, &c., secretly and with more sin

cerity.
2. castellum; it is supposed that before this the words
et Arbela, or, et Gaugamela have dropped out of the
text.

3. praecipua, &c., abl. absol. ; the chief worship being

that offered to, &c. Tacitus here calls by the name of
Herculi some eastern deity of similar attributes.
$4. nocte demum, i.e. return not till night, and then
with, &c.

XIV. 2. et quia, &c. Of course this is not advanced

as their reason for such conduct, but as an explana
tion of it.
IRoma, abl.; see on xi. 16, 1.
habere, i.e. keep him when they have got one.
3. quod unum reliquum ; referring to what follows;
which was the only course now open to him; deter
mined, as his only resource to, &c.
ferox, &c., inspirited by the weakening of the foe;
for the perfect participle passive see on i. 8, occisus
dictator.

4, obversis, i.e. all that withstood him.

5. vincitur, was put in chains.
8, qus, abl.; on account of which he needs be named.

XV. 1. Bosporanus; to distinguish him from the Ar

menian Mithridates, xi. 8; see Class. Dict, Bosporus,
2 ad fin.
relictos (esse).
-xviii.] NOTES. 429

2. habebatur, i.e. was generally believed.

3. in arduo, &c., nor was his alliance a matter of diffi
culty (to obtain).
ostentantibus (iis), when they pointed to, &c.
XVI. 2. ventumque (est), they arrived at.
visum (est), it was thought fit should be held.
3. non saxo, not being made of, &c.
cratibus et vimentis; one thing is expressed by two
words.
media, i.e. piled between two sets of hurdles.

XVII. 1. ut belli, &c.; we must connect this with

aspernati sunt, above; they rejected the proposed terms,
in order that, &c.

2. impediti, i.e. by woods, marshes, &c.

3. pensitato, neut. abl. absol.; after long weighing whe
ther, &c.
rebus extremis...consuleret, give support to the des
perate fortunes of, &c.
apud effigiem Caesaris ; see on ii. 18, 2.
quem incruentum, &c., which, after a victorious march
without loss, it was found was only three days' march
distant from, &c.; a very distant point to the Romans;
cf. Horace, Odes, iii. 10, 1.
4. Taurorum; Class. Dict, Tauri, and Herodotus, iv,
103.

XVIII. 1. id auctoritatis, i.e. possessed of such weight;

an adverbial expression, like id temporis, id atatis, &c.;
Smith's Lat. Dict., is, iii.
430 TACITI ANNALIUM XII. [ch. xviii.

3. prole... Achaemenis, descendant of, &c.; see Class.

Dict, Mithridates, 1, (ancestor of this Mithridates),
and Achaemenes.

XIX. 1. prece, &c., by the dignity of his prayer; not

unworthy the descendant of kings.
suam dextram ... delegerit, i.e. for appealing to his
honour.
petenda, dat. of purpose.
veniae, i.e. from the Romans.

2. ex similitudine, &c., i.e. arose from their being both

equally great.
3. ignoscendo (victis).
transigatur (bellum), or absolutely, an end is made.
me triumpharetur, i.e. the indulgence of not being
led in triumph.

XX. 1. nobilitatibus, &c., to illustrious strangers; for

example, Caractacus.
Hinc, i.e. in favour of the latter course.

2. disserebatur; by the advisers of Claudius.

suscipi bellum, i.e. if it be determined to treat Mith
ridates as an enemy.
reges feroces (esse), there were (it was argued; i.e.
the Romans would have to encounter) warlike kings.
3. Quin, why not, &c. (it was asked).
inopi, i.e. in his destitute state.
$4. novissima, &c., the severest (i.e. capital) punishment;
Smith's Lat. Dict, novus, ii. 2.
integris, i.e. whose power was previously unimpaired;
-xxiii.] INOTES, 431

conquered by Rome when in the plenitude of their

strength; not, like Mithridates, a defeated fugitive.

XXI. 1. procuratorem; Pontus was a province of the

Senate; this procurator must have been collector of
taxes from the imperial domains in Pontus; see p. 100.
elataque (est), &c., an expression of his was publicly
reported.
quare, i.e. catch me if you can.

XXII. 1. atrox odii, ever implacable in her hate.

Lollide; see ch. 1, 3, and Class. Dict., Lollia.
Chaldacos, i.e. dealings with them : see on iii. 22,
2 and 4.
interrogatumque (esse ab ea), i.e. and that she had
consulted, &c.
Clarii: see Class. Dict, Clarus ; and ii. 54, 4.

2. C. Caesaris nuptiis, her (subsequent) marriage with

Caligula.
cederet, let her depart (he proposed).
3. quinquagies, &c.; see on ii. 37.
Apervertitur ; i.e. she was banished.
citra ultima stetit, did not carry her to extreme mea
sures; it stopped short of, &c.; Calpurnia's life was
spared.
4. et, also.
Bithynis; see p. 99.

XXIII. 1. res suas invisere, i.e. to visit their estates in

their native land. Under the Republic senators were
allowed to travel abroad at will, under the title of a
libera legatio granted them by the Senate, which was
432 TACITI ANNALIUM XII, [ch. xxiii.

a privilege to visit one or more provinces on private

affairs, in the character, but without the duties, of an
ambassador. Augustus, however, by an edict, had for
bidden senators to leave Italy, without his special per
mission; it seems that he feared lest discontented nobles
should excite disaffection in the provinces.
jure (eodem) quo Sicilia, &c., under the same right as
that with which Sicily was treated. Sicily was made
an exception in the edict of Augustus.
2. Agrippa; see Class. Dict, Agrippa Herodes, 1.
provincide Syria additi; see on ii. 56, 4, for Syria.
Ituraea and Judaea still had their own procuratores,
under the legatus Syria; cf. Histories, v. 9, 5.
3. Salutis augurium; this was an augury taken when the
state was perfectly free from wars, in order to ascertain
if the gods approved of prayers for continued peace.
placitum (est Senatui), it was decreed.
4. pomerium; see Dict. Antiq.; Livy, i. 44; and Class.
Dict, Roma, D.

XXIV. 1. varie vulgata; i.e. is variously reported by

tradition.
initium condendi; i.e. where the first buildings of Rome
were erected.

2. foro; see Class. Dict., Forum.

Herculis aram; see HEneid, viii. 2/1.
3. per ima, along the foot of.
curias; buildings where the members of each of the
curiae into which of old the Populus Romanus was di
vided (see Liddell's Rome, p. 29), used to meet for the
purpose of offering sacrifice, and feasting together. The
veteres curia were those traditionally built by Romulus.
-xxvi.] NOTES. 433

$4. pro fortuna, i.e. with the increase of the empire; as

under Trajan.
publicis actis; see on iii. 3, 2, actorum.

XXV. 1. in, with reference to, in the case of; or, de

pending on festinatur, is conferred with all speed on.
consuleret; supply ut.
circumdaret, i.e. to add safeguards to the succession,
now represented only by the youthful Britannicus: ro
bore is = munimento; cf. i. 3, 5, quo pluribus munimentis
insisteret.

2. nepotibus; Caius and Lucius Caesar.

subnixum; see on i. 3, 1, subsidia, &c.
viguisse, i.e. had been raised to power, as destined
heirs, if others failed.
privignos; see i. 3, 1, Tiberium Neronem, &c.
stirpem; his son Drusus.
assumptum (esse), i.e. had been adopted.
3. accingeret, let Claudius, &c.
biennio: from xiii. 6, 2, and xiii. 15, 1, where Nero is
said to have become princeps when just over seventeen,
and Britannicus to have shortly afterwards become
fourteen, we see that triennio would be correct here.
4. patricios Claudios; as opposed to the plebeian Claudii;
see Class. Dict., Claudia gens.
Atto Clauso; see iv. 9, 3; Livy, ii. 16.
continuos; i.e. without adoption of others into their
gens : Tiberius adopted Germanicus, but not until he
had himself by adoption left the Claudian for the Julian
gens.

XXVI, 1, acla (sunt a Senatu).

F f
434. TACITI ANNALItTM XII. [ch. xxvi

adulatione; they foresaw that Nero would be the

SucceSS01'.

rogataque ler; this was an instance of a Lex curiata,

which had fallen into desuetude in Cicero's time, except
for adoption and the conferring of the Imperium; see
Liddell's Rome, p. 370, 3.
3. Desolatus, &c.; he was deprived first of honorary
attendants, and then even of slaves.
per intempestiva, &c., by means of her attentions
he became (turned into, vertebat being intransitive, as
in vi. 46, 3), a laughing-stock; all were aware that the
fuss Agrippina (noverca) made with him was all mockery.
His being intelligens falsi, well aware of her hypocrisy,
would only add to his misery.
4. segnem, &c., i.e. for they say that he did not want for
quickness of understanding.
relinuit; till the time when Tacitus wrote this pas
Sage.

XXVII. 1. oppidum Ubiorum; see Class. Dict, Colonia

Agrippina.
genita erat; when her mother Agrippina was with
Germanicus, in his German campaigns.
veteranos, &c., i.e. coloniam veteranorum.
2. avus Agrippa; Class Dict, Agrippa M. Vipsanius.
in fidem, i.e. they submitted to Rome.
3. trepidatum (est), alarm was caused.
latrocinia, &c., i.e. on a plundering expedition.
legatus, i.e. Caesaris; both the Germanies were im
perial provinces; see p. 100.
equite alario; see on iii. 39, 1, and iv. 73, 2, equites
legionum.
-xxx..] NOTES. - 435

monitos; we must either read monuit, or supply im

mittit or some such word.
anteirent, i.e. cut them off, prevent their return.
4. industria, &c., i.e. the troops seconded with zeal the
orders of, &c.
divisique, this refers to the whole body, whereas qui
lavum, &c., refers to only one part; for a similarly con
fused construction, though the meaning is clear enough,
compare on ii. 79, 1, utrimque infensi.
recens reversos (Chattos).
per luxum, in debauchery.
XXVIII. 1. si, in case, &c.
2. triumphalis honos; see on i. 72; iii. 72.

XXIX. 1. Druso Casare; the son of Tiberius; see ii.

63, 7.
mutans; intransitive, as in ii. 23, 4, mutabat.
2. Pannoniam ; see Class. Dict., Pannonia, for the time
of its reduction to the form of a province; it was, no
doubt, an Imperial province; see pp. 100, 172.
ripa; of the Danube.
3. ditis regni, i.e. of the royal treasures.
4 Ipsi...erat, Wannius had.

XXX. 1. Ligius; i.e. the Ligians, &c.

2. adverso, i.e. facing the foe.
4, fide, &c., i.e. acting always with remarkable loyalty to
Rome.
subjectis (dative of relation with caritate, &c., = cari),
&c., i.e. greatly loved by those who (afterwards) were
their subjects, until they obtained, &c.
4:36 TACITI ANNALIUM XII. [ch. xxx.

suonc, &c., whether it was from their own character,

or the natural consequence of a state of subjection, lit.
or from the nature of, &c.

XXXI. 1. pro praetore; i.e. he was sent out as governor

by the Caesar; see p. 100.
excepere, i.e. on his arrival as successor to A. Plau
tius, who commanded in Britain from A.D. 43 to 47,
and had subdued the country south of the Thames.
iturum (esse) obviam, i.e. would venture to oppose
them.

2. caesis (iis).
cunctaque castris, &c.; the sense here, it seems, should
be, to confine, by a line of fortified posts, all the still
unconquered tribes within the boundary of the Severn
and the Avon (or Nen). Ritter reads, Avonam usque
et Sabrinam. Some expl. Antonam of the Nen, in North
amptonshire. Others read Aufonam (Avon) for Antonam.
3. abnuere, i.e. resisted.
5 turmas, i.e. the cavalry-soldiers; peditum goes with
munia.

7. decus; the reward for saving a fellow-soldier's life;

the corona civica; see on iii. 21, 3.

XXXII. 1. Cangos, acc. after ductus (est); against, or,

into the country of, the Cangi: this tribe is said to have
lived in the furthest corner of Carnarvonshire.
2. agmen, the marching column.
3. certum, &c., who was fixed in his resolve not to, &c.
4. mutabatur = prohibebatur, with quin, &c.
remenda foret, i.e. and from having to be kept down
by a force encamped in their country.
-xxxiii.J NOTES. 437

5. Id quo promptius, &c., i.e. the reduction of the Silures.

Camulodunum; see Class. Dict., ad v. Some think
this was the present Maldon, near Colchester,

XXXIII. 1. ambigua, i.e. contests of doubtful issue with

the Romans; it would be glory to a barbarous chieftain
to fight such battles against Roman legionaries.
2. astu; some connect this with prior, i.e. having the
advantage in, &c.; others with transfert; i.e. by clever
manoeuvring he shifts his forces and the scene of opera
tions into another district.
locorum fraude, i.e. and in the dangerous character of
the country (for an invader), its fitness for ambuscades;
cf. AEneid, ix. 397.
additisque (iis), i.e. having recruited his forces from
those who, &c.
pacem nostram; i.e. the kind of peace (really a cruel
slavery) Rome has to offer; compare the famous solitu
dinem faciunt, pacem appellant, which Tacitus (Agricola,
ch. 30) puts into the mouth of a British chief, inveigh
ing against Rome.
novissimum; see Smith's Lat. Dict, novus, ii. 2.
3. montibus, &c., i.e. his force was posted on, &c., and
wherever the approaches were easy (supply loca with
qua), &c. A verb, such as insedit, is implied in saxa
prastruit.
$4. vado incerto, i.e. with no regular ford: it crossed no
road at the spot.
majorum; this has no meaning here, and is a copyist's
blunder. We may read armatorum or meliorum (= for
tiorum, the braver warriors),
4.38 TACITI ANNALIUM XII. [ch. xxxiii.
pro, i.e. in front of; they manned the rampart of
rocks.

XXXIV. 1. Ad hoc, besides this.

4. obstringi; in middle sense, bound himself by the gods
of his tribe

XXXV. 1. nihil nisi atrox, &c., i.e. the scene before him
nothing but stern resistance, and crowds of warriors
daunted him.

3. circumspectis (iis), &c., after reconnoitring what places

were, &c.
infensos, i.e. when thus excited against the foe,
4. in nos, on our side.
6, gravisque, i.e. heavy-armed.
conferto gradu, in close order.
huc, i.e. against the legionaries.

XXXVI. 1. intuta sunt adversa, i.e. defeat has no friends,

can find no refuge.
Cartismandua; see Histories, iii. 45.
2. insulas, i.e. adjacent to Britain.
quis ille, what manner of man was he that had, &c.
4. castra; see iv. 2, 1.

XXXVII. 1. tribunali ; see i. 18, note 4.

locutus est: it is from the Byzantine historian, Joannes
Zonaras (see Class. Dict, ad v.), that we learn the well
known exclamation of Caractacus, Do ye, who possess
such splendour as this, grudge us our huts?
3. statim, i.e. without a contest.
-xxxix.] NOTES. * 439

traderer; the imperfect is used, of an action whose

effects still continue. -'

4. Adea, whereupon, in consequence of this; cf. on iv.

50, 5, ad ambigua somitus. The conduct of Claudius
here is in striking and honourable contrast to that of the
murderers of Pontius, Jugurtha, and Vercingetorix.
$6. signis; i.e. planted at the tribunal. '
semet, &c., in truth she was setting herself up as a
partner in the empire gained by, &c. - --

XXXVIII. 1. P. Scipio, see Class. Dict, Seipio, 10 w

L. Paulus; Class. Dict., Paulus AEmilius, 4 -- t

2. triumphi insignia; see on i. 72; iii. 72. ....

debellatum foret, impersonal; as if the war were quite
over; so subventum foret below, unless help had bec,
sent. -

4. e vicis; i.e. where there were Romans in garrison:

this is the correction of Muretus for nuntiis, which was
expl. as forming one idea with castellis, by messengers
sent to the nearest garrisons.
$ 5. nos ipsos, i.e. our legionaries, as opposed to the turma
sociorum.

XXXIX. 1. exposuit; here for explicavit, formed in line,

deployed.
2. pro meliore, i.e. we had rather the best of it.
3. latrocinii, &c., i.e. they fought like brigands, or free
booters.
ut cuique, &c., as chance or courage served.
4. excisi, not = deleti, but, with lands ravaged and driven
from their homes; cf. ii. 25, 4, exscindit hostem,
440 TACITI ANNALIUM XII. [ch. xxxix.--

Sygambri, &c.; by Tiberius, under Augustus, ii. 26,

3; see Class. Dict., ad v.
5 tanquam, on the ground that, as they thought that.
XL. 1. propere vettas, i.e. though he got there with all
speed.
integras, i.e. as Ostorius had left them.
adversa, &c., abl. absol.; as there had occurred in the
meantime, the defeat of, &c.
illo (i.e. Didio) augente, &c., i.e. sending to Rome ex
aggerated accounts of Roman losses.
campositi; this is nom.pl., i.e. that they might be, if
subdued, a greater credit, &c., supplying essent from
the verb of next clause. Others read compositis (rebus)
abl. absol., i.e. si adversa reficeret.
si duravissent, i.e. kept up the war and could not be
beaten.

3. supra; somewhere in the lost books.

cum...teneret, while he was married to, &c.; in con
nection with fidusque, &c., above.
bello, i.e. between him and Cartismandua.
5. ne femina, &c., i.e. after their own famous leader had
been so overreached by her; for the rule of women was
fully recognised in Britain then, as now, cf. xiv. 35, 1;
Agricola, xvi. 1.
7, satis habebat, was satisfied, thought it enough to, &c.

XLI. 1. quintum, for the fifth time.

maturata (est), was given prematurely: he had en
tered, but not completed, his fourteenth year, when he
could legally have assumed the toga virilis.
2. vicesimo...anno; under the Republic, by the lex Willia
4:42 TACITI ANNALIUM XII. [ch. xli.

$4. Spectaret; this is prob, the subj. for the imperat. of di

rect speech; let the people see (thought Agrippina), &c.
6. si quis (erat), &c., i.e. those about the court who ad
hered to Britannicus.
tali, on the following, &c.
Domitium; i.e. he would not call him Nero, and so
recognise his adoption by Claudius.
7, sperni, &c., indirect speech, as usual.
jusserit populus; in the farce of a lex curiata; see on
ch. 26, 1, rogataque lex.
tam infensa, &c., of those who taught such lessons of
hatred, suggested such heart-burnings.
eruptura (esse), i.e. the infensa.
$ 8. is ; Claudius.
quasi criminibus, as if by heinous charges (against
Britannicus, instead of a mere breach of etiquette).

XLII. 2. gnarum, &c., i.e. and so indebted to Agrip

pina.
3. sacerdotibus; priestesses, as the flaminica, and the
regina sacrorum, wife of the rer sacrificulus.
sacris; this has been generally explained, the images
of the gods; these were carried not in carpenta, but in
vehicles called tens (see Smith's Lat. Dict, ad v.
tensa): hence others expl. as for sacris diebus.
quam...fuisse, i.e. for the fact that she was daughter
of a Caesar, sister, wife, and mother of a holder of su
preme power, remains a solitary precedent to this day.
Agrippina was daughter of Germanicus (quasi-associate
of Tiberius, and imperator, i. 58, 9), sister of Caligula,
wife of Claudius, mother of Nero. -
xliv.] NOTES. 443

$4. validissima, &c., abl. absol.; when the favour he en

joyed was at its height.
deferente, i.e. he became delator.
senatore ; see on iii. 36, 2.
5. Hactenus, &c., i.e. he required no severer punishment.

XLIII. 1. diris avibus; such as bubones, parra, striges.

dum latius metuitur, &c., in the wide-spread fear (of
further disasters), the weak were crushed amidst the
rush and hurry of the crowd; or, in the general rush of
terror made as the panic spread, the weakest of the
crowd were crushed to death.
2. jura reddentem; cf. i. 75, 1, of Tiberius.
3. modestia, calm weather; allowing corn-ships to reach
Rome from Sardinia, Sicily, Africa, Egypt.
subventum (est), i.e. the urgent distress was relieved;
see iii. 54, 6, 7, on the dependence of Rome on foreign
supplies.
4. olim Italia, &c.; until about the time of the Gracchi;
see Liddell's Rome, p. 520, 3.
infecunditate, &c., i.e. it is from want of tillage, not of
fertility in the soil; cf. Horace, Odes, ii. 15, 1 sqq., and
Lucan, Pharsalia, vii. 402 sqq. -

XLIV. 2. Vologeses; see Class. Dict, Arsaces, 23.

fratrum; Tiridates (ch. 50, and xiii. 34), to whom he
gave Armenia, and Pacorus (see xv.2), to whom he gave
Media.
vetusta, &c., i.e. by inheritance from his ancestors.
opibus nostris, i.e. under our protection.
patrias artes; i.e. riding, shooting, hunting.
4. detineri, i.e. was being so long kept from him.
444 TACITI ANNALIUM XII. [ch. xliv.

5. potentiae, &c., genit. of description, i.e. possessing all

requisites for power, with power ready to his hand,
whenever he chose to grasp it.
vergentibus, &c., dat. after metuens, fearing for, &c.,
i.e. his inability to resist, in connection with juve
nem, &c.
memorando, by reminding him that, &c.
datam (esse eam).
incautum (Mithridatem), when off his guard.
$ 6. in speciem liberum (genit. pl.), i.e. as if he were a son.
ormante, i.e. furnishing him with wealth; which was
used to gain over the nobles.

XLV. 2. adversatum (esse).

iturum (esse se).
ipsius (Mithridatis, or fratris).
5, verterentur, i.e. perderentur; HEneid, i. 24.
6, abscedit (Casperius).
Armenia; cf. xi. 9, 3, where minor Armenia is men
tioned, and Histories, ii. 6, 5.

XLVI. 1. conjunctionem, &c., i.e. the sacred tie of

brotherhood.
priorem, &c., the fact of Pharasm. being senior.
necessitudinum, &c., titles of affinity, in the facts
that, &c.
2. Non abnuere, were not (he said) averse to, &c.
nec aliud, &c. (esse), nor had he any other resource.
Ne dubitaret, let him not, therefore, hesitate; he
should not scruple.
armis, dat, after malle = praferre.
 -xlviii.] NOTES. 445

3. venalis, &c., i.e. ready for any baseness, if paid

for it.

$4 molliora, i.e. more in the way of concession, pretend

ing almost to yield to his demands.

XLVII. 2. provisum (esse).

4. vincia, &c., i.e. was applying the tie to their thumbs.
decidisse (vincula de pollicibus); others supply sese,
i.e. pretending to stumble.
catena, i.e. on his hands; compes, a fetter for the feet.
5. habitum, i.e. who had been kept by him under, &c.
intentabat; this, with probra, is =ingerebat, kept load
ing him with; with verbera it means, threatened, i.e.
with menacing gestures; see on iii. 36, 1, voces...manus
intentarent.

7. Visui...consuluit, i.e. he so far spared his own eyes, as

not to have them killed before him; he spared his eyes
the sight of their open murder; he had that degree of
shame left: cf. xv. 61, 7, voci...et aspectui pepercit.
8. jurisjurandi; see 1, above.

XLVIII. 1. Quadratus; ch. 45, 6.

tuta disserunt; talk safety; are in favour of safe
courses.

2. Omne scelus, &c., indirect speech,

ut sape, as often, &c.
turbandis, &c., dat. of purpose.
3. Poteretur, let him enjoy his ill-gotten gains, pro
vided he be, &c.
446 TACITT ANNALIUM XII. [ch. xlviii.
ex usu (esset), was more to Rome's advantage (they
said).
In hanc sententiam itum (est), i.e. this opinion pre
vailed; see on iii. 23, 2.

XLIX. 1. Cappadocia; a province of the Caesar; hence

procurator; see pp. 100, 172.
privatus; i.e. Claudius, before he became princeps.
2. ultro; he actually encourages him to, &c.; i.e. he
did not wait for any suggestion from Rhadamistus, but
(the last thing you would expect from a Roman go.
vernor, the encouragement of perfidy and wrong) went
out of his way to, &c.; the invariable force of ultro, so
often noticed.

3. ceteri quoque (Romani), &c., i.e. might not be sup

posed to be like, &c., their character not judged of by
that of, &c.

L. 3. parum provisi, &c., the too scanty (force of parum)

supply of stores; see on i. 8, occisus dictator.
omittere, &c., i.e. to give up his conquest for the time.
4. Vacuam, i.e. without a king; see on ii. 76, 1.
in tempore, i.e. on the first opportunity; v kaip.

LI. 2. utcunque, in some way or other, as well as she

could.
ubiquati; for the historical infin. see on ii. 31.
3. virtutem, her courage.
4. corpus etiam; i.e. he not only grudged to his foes his
wife as a captive, but her very corpse.
Iberos, in apposition with regnum, reaches his father's
-lii.] NOTES. 447

kingdom, Iberia; or accus. after pervadit, arrives in

Iberia, at his father's kingdom.
5. placida illuvie, i.e. as she lay on the calm water that
had overflowed; she was carried ashore by an eddy,
and lay in safety in the still water.
advertere, for animadvertere.
degenerem, of low birth.
cultu, &c., was treated with the respect due to a queen.
LII, 1. Fausto Sulla; son-in-law of Claudius by mar
riage with Antonia; see xiii. 23, 1.
Salvio Othone; see Class. Dict., Otho Salvius, 3.
quasi...scrutaretur, on a charge, pretext, of his, &c.;
for Chaldaeos see on iii. 22.
crimini, i.e. to the charge against him.
Junia, &c., i.e. the fact of his mother being, &c.; see
on iii. 9, 3. Others expl., that she was arraigned along
with him, as being, &c.
2. Camillus; see Class. Dict, Camillus, 6. Also Histories,
i. 89, 2; and ii. 75, 3.
arma...moverat, had levied war, got up a revolt;
Tacitus had related this in one of his lost books: see
Dr. Merivale, vi. pp. 148, 9.
trahebat, put to the credit of.
conservaret, i.e. did not put to death, only banished;
as to iterum, Claudius might have punished him before,
for his father's revolt.

3. morte fortuita, &c.; after extinctus esset we should ex

pect, non satis constitit; the sentence is compressed.
mathematicis; see on iii. 22, 2; Chaldaos, and ii. 32;
also Histories, ii. 62, 3.
et irritum, and yet powerless.
 448 TACITI ANNALlu M XII. [ch, lii.- .

$4 motique (sunt ordine senatorio); see on xi. 25, 5, 6.

LIII. 1. refert (Claudius), i.e. brings forward a motion

in the Senate.
statuiturque; i.e. a Senatus-Consultum is passed. Taci
tus has given an imperfect version of this S. C. It
seems to have really reduced a free-woman to the con
dition of a slave (ancilla), if she cohabited with a slave,
after his master had refused his sanction; but if a female
Roman citizen had the consent of the master, she might
cohabit with the slave, and remain free. This seems to
be the force of the text of Gaius, the jurist, on this
point. The jurist, Julius Paulus, however, appears to
imply that in some cases a woman was reduced by this
S.C. to the condition of a liberta.
domino (servi), abl. absol.; when his master was not
aware of it.
ad id prolapsae, ladies who thus degraded themselves.
2. centies...sesterti(or)um; see on ii. 37.
3. agendas (esse Pallanti). The regibus Arcadia ortus
(see Class. Dict, Pallas, 4) is, of course, a stupid piece
of adulatory fiction.
5. are publico, i.e. on which the Senatus-Consultum was
graven: it would then be placed in the AErarium; see
on i. 75, 4.
sestertii, &c., supply centenorum millium; three hun
dred millions of sesterces; about two millions, three
hundred and fifty thousand pounds sterling. On his
proverbial wealth see Juvenal, i. 107.

LIV. 1. Felix; see Histories, v. 9, 5; Acts of the Apo

stles, ch. xxiii. 24; Class. Dict, Felir, Antonius.
lv.] NOTES. - 449

Judaeae impositus; i.e. as procurator, under the governor

of Syria, a province of the Caesar; see ch. xxiii. 2.
impune (fore).
potentia, i.e. of Pallas, his brother.
2. sane, it is true; concessively, as some excuse for his
cruelties.
seditione, &c. The words here lost must have ex
pressed the fact that the Jews rose in resistance to the
order of Caligula to place his statue in their temple;
see esp. Histories, v. 9, 4.
haud obtemperatum esset, impersonal; i.e. the order
had been left unexecuted.

3. demulo, &c., abl. absol, being his rival in infamous

deeds.
cui, dat. of agent, with habebatur, was held, governed.
divisis, i.e. Judaeis, or, provincialibus, implied in pro
vincia.
discordes olim, cf. Parable of the Good Samaritan, and
St. John's Gospel, iv. 9.
4. raptare inter se; they plundered each other.
5. militum (Romanorum).
Syria rector; see above on (1) Judaeae impositus.
6. diu...dubitatum (est), was there much hesitation, about
their being capitally punished.
dederat (Quadrato).

LV. 1. litora; see on ii. 78, 2.

2. e Syria: because Cilicia was part of the province;
see on ii. 56, 4.
duri, rough, stony.
$ 3, ora; see above on litora.
G g
450 TACITI ANNALIUM XII. [ch. lv.

Antiochus; Class. Dict, Antiochus. II. Kings of

Commagene, No. 4.
LVI. 1. perrupto, i.e. a passage having been cut through,
&c. For description see Dict. Antiq., adv, emissarium.
quo magnificentia, &c., after praelium adornatur, &c.
structo...stagno; see Class. Dict, Roma, vii., Nau
machiae, 2. Augustus gives an account of this him
self, on the Monumentum Ancyranum; see on i. 2, 1,
annona. The stagnum was eighteen hundred feet long,
twelve hundred broad; there were thirty triremes and
quadriremes, besides smaller vessels, carrying, in all,
three thousand fighting men.
ambitu, i.e. of the lake.
ne vaga, &c., i.e. to limit the distance of flight.
ad vim, &c., i.e. sufficient to display, &c.
impetus, charges; the ramming of iron-clads is a re
production of the ancient style of attack in naval
actions.

3. tenderentur, might be worked; i.e. to shoot down

those who tried to escape.
reliqua (loca or spatia).
tectis, decked.
5 sontes, criminals.
LVII. 1. apertum (est) aquarum wer, i.e. the emissarium;
see above, on ch. 56, 1. We may compare the recent
proceedings (1869) at the Suez Canal.
operis...haud satis depressi, &c., i.e. the tunnel (to dis
charge the lake's waters) was not bored low enough to
reach the bottom or even the half of its depth.
3. appositum, laid out close to, &c.
proxima trahebat, i.e. dragged away with it the part of
the embankment which was close by.
lix.] NOTES. 451

convulsis; referring both to the tables, couches, and

viands of the banquet, and to the guests, meaning, swept
away, knocked off their feet, as regards the latter.
praedarum, i.e. embezzling the money, which he ought
to have paid to the contractors, for the proper execution
of the work. Agrippina hated Narcissus for supporting
the claims of AElia Petina to marriage with Claudius
ch. 1, 4,
5. reticet; see on ii. 50, 3.
spes, ambition; impotentiam, imperious character, un
governable temper.
LVIII. 1. D. Junio; Class. Dict, Silanus, 10.
Romanum (populum).
omni... munere solverentur: In the Roman treaty with
Antiochus, B.C. 188, and by Sulla and Julius Caesar, they
had already been declared immunes; the present must
have been a confirmation and, perhaps, extension of their
privileges.
2. subventum (est), relief was given to.
centies, &c., see on ii. 37.
Rhodiis, &c.; they had been deprived of it nine years
before, for crucifying some Roman citizens.
bellis, &c.; by giving aid in Rome's wars.
Apamensibus; Class. Dict., Apamea, 3.
LIX. 1. At, i.e. but, on the contrary; as opposed to the
beneficent measures carried by Nero.
savissima, &c., all the most cruel measures.
hortis, &c.; cf. esp. xi. 1, 1.
2. ceterum, i.e. but especially.
objectabat (Tauro).
magicas, etc., see on ii. 69, 5.
452 TACITI ANNALIUM XII. [ch, lix.

3. nec ille ... perpessus, i.e. and Taurus, not being able
to endure any longer, &c.
sordes; prop. mourning-garb (worn by an accused
person, to excite pity. Cf. iv. 52, 4, suscipere sordes);
here, humiliating position of a culprit.
4, quod...pervicere, and this triumph they gained.
curia exactus, i.e. was expelled the Senate, senatu
motus; he was afterwards proconsul of Bithynia; see
esp. xiv. 46.

LX. 1. rerum habendam (esse), must be held to attach to

matters, &c.
procuratoribus: from the end of the chapter, libertos,
quos rei familiari praefecerat, we see that the procura
tores fisci, commissioners of the imperial treasury, are
meant; not the procuratores Caesaris (see p. 100), who
governed some imperial provinces, such as the two
Mauretanias, Raetia, Noricum, Thrace, and Judaea (see
Hist. i. 11), and who of course possessed the jurisdiction
referred to.

2. prolapsus (esse in ea verba), i.e. to have merely spoken

at random.
cautum (est), provision (to the above effect) was made.
uberius, more explicitly.
3. apud equestres... lege agi, i.e. that trials should be
held before, &c.; after jusserat.
pleraque, i.e. very many judicial matters.
concessa sunt (equitibus).
noscebantur, for cognosc. Thus, remarks Dr. Meri
vale, authority derived directly from the chief of the
state was placed throughout the empire on the same level
as that of the officers of the people.
lxi.] NoTES. 453

4. Semproniis, &c., plur. for sing.; so called because

passed by C. Sempronius Gracchus; see Liddell's
Rome, p. 538.
Servilia leges; see Class. Dict, Caepio, Servilius, 7,
and Liddell's Rome, p. 566. Tacitus omits mention of
the lex Aurelia judiciaria, which entrusted the judicia
(in B.c. 70.) to the senators, equites, and tribuni aera
rii: see Class. Dict, Cotta, Aurelius, 7, and Liddells
Rome, p. 626.
5 studia (erant) &c., i.e. it was a contest between op
posite parties in the state.
publice valebant; i.e. that party was dominant in
public affairs.
primi, i.e. were the first equiles who, &c., Class. Dict,
Oppius, 3, and Balbus, L. Cornelius, 1.
conditiones, &c.; i.e. so great was the power of equites,
that they decided, not merely on judicial matters, but
on peace and war.
6. Matios; i.e. C. Matius Calvena, a friend of Caesar,
Cicero, and Augustus.
Wedios; i.e. Vedius Pollio; see Class. Dict, ad v.
Pollio, Vedius, and i. 10, 4 above.
nihil attinuerit, it would be to no purpose.

LXI. 1. retlulit, brought forward a motion in the

Senate; the technical term.
maxime ... celebrem, i.e. cultivated with very great
SucceSS.

posteros ejus; see Class. Dict, sculapius, ad fin.

2. Xenophontem; see ch. 67.
dei; AEsculapius; dedicated solely to his worship.
3. socias, i.e. gained by their aid.
454 TACITI ANNALIUM XII. [ch. lxi.

dubium habetur, followed by infin. instead of quin;

see on iii. 67, 2.

4 facilitate, heedless good-nature, good-natured levity.

(id) quod uni concesserat, a favour granted on account
of an individual; i.e. his physician Xenophon.
adjumentis, auxiliary considerations, i.e. here, reasons
of policy. Instead of talking a lot of antiquated stuff
about AEsculapius, he should have based the concession
on the solid ground of the services rendered by Cos to
Rome.

LXII. 1. regem Macedonum; see Class. Dict, ad v.

Andriscus.

2. posthac, with memorabant: the services now referred

to, as regards Antiochus and Perses, preceded the foedus
first mentioned, as being their greatest service to Rome.
adjutum, i.e. the aid given by them to, &c.; see Class.
Dict. Antonius, 2.
quaque... obtulissent, and the help they had offered.
aut Lucullo, &c., aut for et.
recentia... merita; as in the Thracian war, iv. 46, sqq.,
and the bellum Bosporanum, xii. 15.
quando... insiderent, since they occupied such a po
sition as, &c.
commeatu ; dat., old form, as luxu, iii. 30, 4.

LXIII. 1. quarerent, subj, for imperat, let them seek,

(to the effect that) they should seek.
2. praevisa, &c., i.e. though they were the first to see; and
so had the chance of choosing the better situation:
locorum refers to both sites. They had not the sense to
choose the better; they had eyes, but saw not, and so are
-lxiv.] NOTES. 455

called blind. According to Herodotus (iv. 144) Chalce

don was founded seventeen years before Byzantium.
fertili solo (est), is a place blessed with, &c.
piscium; turbots; see esp. Juvenal, iv. 42, sqq. They
descended from the sea of Azoff (Palus Maotis) into the
Euxine, and gave rise to a large trade at Byzantium.
With Pontum understand Euxinum.
obliquis, i.e. lying crosswise; at an angle with the
shore on the Chalcedonian side. Strabo and Pliny
write that a certain rock of remarkable whiteness on
the Chalcedonian side was that which frightened the
fish away.
alterius litoris, i.e. the Asiatic side.
3. rettulit, represented them as, &c.
Bosporano; see ch. 15 above.
LXIV. 2. editum (esse), had (it was said) been born,
&c.: it seems that we must supplyferebant.
inessent; the subj, follows cui, because the relative
is = talis ut, and the reason for this being held a por
tent is thus given.
4. fatale (esse) sibi, &c., that it was his destiny to, &c.
minore Antonia ; see on iv. 44, 3, minor Antonia, and
Class. Dict., Antonia, 1. There is a conflict of authori
ties, between Tacitus and Suetonius, as to Antonia major
and Ant. minor, and, following Suetonius, see Fam. of
Aug., I. B. a, a!, a, for the lady here in question, and
her nearest relations. In this passage avunculo means
great-uncle, as Augustus was uncle to her mother An
tonia, the daughter of his sister Octavia. Agrippinae
sobrina prior means, second cousin of Agrippina (i.e.
first cousin of Agrippina's father, Germanicus; see
Fam. of Aug., I. B. 8. a', Lepida's and Germanicus's
456 TACITI ANNALIUM XII. [ch. lxiv.

mothers, the two Antonias, being own sisters): Cnai

(Domitii) mariti ejus (i.e. Agrippinae) soror is expl. by
Fam. of Aug., I. B. a, a', a. The matter stands simply
thus, in order of succession (remembering that Octavia
was sister of Augustus, and what is given above, as to
the Antonias): 1st, Octavia, Antonia, Domitia Lepida:
2nd, Octavia, Antonia, Germanicus, Agrippina (the
younger).
parem sibi (esse, belonged).
5. quam (iis) si qua, &c., than they were rivals in what
ever advantages they had received, &c.
6, amita; Domitia Lepida was aunt to Nero, because
own sister, as above, to Nero's father, Cnaeus Domitius.
truci, &c., abl. absol, while Agrippina was (to Nero),
&c.
dare; supply quibat, from nequibat.

LXV. 1. objecta sunt (Lepidae crimina).

devotionibus; see on ii. 69, 5.
parum coercitis, &c., i.e. by encouraging them to revolt.
2. prompsisse, &c., to have declared to his intimates.
rerum...poteretur, succeeded to the empire.
3. convictum (fuisse), had been, he said, prosecuted to
conviction by himself.
accusandi, i.e. for accusing Agrippina of adultery with
Pallas, as he had accused Messalina with Silius.
si Nero imperitaret, &c., i.e. and whether Nero be
came ruler, or Britannicus succeeded (Britannico suc
cessore = si Britannicus Claudio succederet), he would
have no claims on the gratitude of the emperor, (prin
cipi=erga principem), i.e. would be certainly his victim.
For, if he destroyed Nero's mother, Agrippina, Nero
-lxvi.] NOTES. 457

would destroy him; Britannicus already owed Nar

cissus destruction, for destroying his mother Messalina:
nullum principi meritum (sibi fore), he would have no
service to shew as regarded the emperor.
novercae; Agrippina, to Britannicus.
insidiis; i.e. against Britannicus.
domum; the imperial family.
majore flagitio, &c., abl. absol.; while it was a more
shameful thing (in himself, said Narcissus), i.e. to con
ceal Agrippina's conduct from Claudius. Others expl.
flagitio of the plotting of Agrippina against the inno
cent Britannicus: Messalina, with all her wickedness,
had not sought victims in her own family.
4. me quis ambigat, &c.; let none, he said (with the
sanction of her example), hesitate to hold, &c. Others
expl., so that none could doubt, that she holds, &c., sup
plying Agrippinam with habere.
adultero, abl. absol., being her lover.
5. robur, &c., i.e. that Britannicus might very soon at
tain the strength of manhood.
adolesceret, i.e. praying that he might, &c.
matris interfectores; Narcissus insinuates that Agrip
pina and Pallas were the real assassins of Messalina;
i.e. at the bottom of the plot against her. It is other
wise explained as meaningif you were but of an age
to defend your father, you might wreak your vengeance,
and welcome, on me, your mother's murderer.
LXVI. 1. corripitur (Narcissus): to supply Claudius
here is absurd. It was the absence, from ill-health, of
the watchful Narcissus, that gave Agrippina her oppor
tunity against Claudius.
olim certa, long resolved on, &c.
458 TACITI ANNALIUM XII. [ch. lxvi.

occasionis, a Greek genitive, implying, in respect of,

&c.; eagerly seizing, &c.
repentino, &c. (veneno).
admotus supremis, when near his end.
filii, Britannicus. Suetonius (Claudius, 43) tells us
that in his latter days Claudius shewed plain signs of
regret for his marriage with Agrippina and adoption of
Nero.

3. erquisitum, i.e. poison of a subtle nature, of peculiar

quality; a novelty in drugs. -

4. veneficii ; see Class. Dict., ad v. for Locusta, and cf.

Juvenal, i. 71; v. 148.
5, explorare gustu; he was pragustator to the prince;
cf. xiii. 16, 2.

LXVII. 1. delectabili, &c., i.e. a favourite dish of

Claudius. This was the boletus, mushroom. One MS.
has leto, the bo being clearly omitted by the copier,
owing to the preceding bo of cibo. Cf. esp. Juvenal,
v. 147. The poison is said to have been that of the
rubeta, a kind of toad. Cf. Juvenal, i. 70; vi. 659.
nec...statim intellectam (esse), i.e. was not at once felt
by Claudius.
socordia ne Claudii, &c. Dr. Merivale thinks that, if
this reading be correct, socordia may mean the languid
action of the internal organs, which might be supposed
to retard the operation of the poison; Livy, xxvi. 14,
says that poison taken on a full stomach has its effect
retarded: his words are: impleta cibis vinoque venae
minus efficacem in maturanda morte vim veneni faciunt.
Others expl. intellectam, &c., of the effect not being
noticed by the other guests or by the servants in waiting;
-lxix.] NOTES. 459

socordia referring to their carelessness concerning Clau

dius, and vinolentia implying that any symptoms of
illness shewn by him were set down by them to his
excess of drinking.
2. praesentium, &c., i.e. braving any temporary odium
she might incur; lit. odium from those present, or, from
present matters.
conscientiam, &c., i.e. calls in the aid of, &c., whose
privity she had already secured.
3. nisus; acc. pl., i.e. the efforts of Claudius, who was
striving to vomit; evomentis, present participle.
incipi, &c., i.e. that though there is danger in mere
attempts, there is a sure reward for decisive action

LXVIII. 1. vestibus, i.e. bed-clothes.

fomentis, restoratives: the verb obtegeretur belongs
properly to vestibus only; the meaning is, when his
already lifeless body was being covered up in bed, and
tended with every care (to deceive people), while ar
rangements were made for, &c.
dum res, &c. We must either read dum res qua forent
firmando (dat. of purpose), &c., or, dum res firmando, &c.,
omitting forent.
2. jam primum, i.e. from the first moment, when Clau
dius was (as was pretended) in real danger.
3. attinuit; i.e. detained inside the palace.
tempusque, &c., i.e. for Nero's assumption of power;
for Chaldacorum see on iii. 22, 2, Chaldaeos.

LXIX. 1. tertium (diem) ante Idus; for tertio, &c.: the

original correct phrase was tertio die ante, &c.; then
the ordinal adj. and dies were put between ante and
460 TACITI ANNALIUM XII. [ch. lxix.

Idus, Nonas, or Kalendas, and attracted into their accus.;

so that in Cicero and Livy we find ante diem tertium
ldus, &c. Tacitus has further varied it: the date is
October the thirteenth.
excubiis; see on i. 7, 7. Nero walked to the guard
house at the outer gate of the Palace.
prafecto; Burrus, commander of the praetorians.
2. auctore, &c., as there was no one to lead in an op
posite direction, i.e. to oppose Nero's accession, and
act for Britannicus.

3. apud provincias, i.e. with the legions in the provinces.

4. Caelestes honores, &c.; he was called Divus Claudius.
Suetonius records a grim jest of Nero's, to the effect
that mushrooms were the food of gods; as mushrooms
had immortalised Claudius.

5. antepositus, &c., the preference of a step-son to a son.

injuria et invidia, i.e. by the odium excited through
the wrong done to Britannicus.
 LIB, XIII.

I. 1. Junii Silani; see Class. Dict, Silanus Junius, 8.

dominationibus aliis, i.e. by previous rulers.
C. Caesar; Caligula; he called him pecus aurea for
his wealth and want of spirit.
2. L. Silano; see Class. Dict, Silanus, Junius, 9, and
above, 12, ch. 4.8. -

crebra, &c.; abl. absol., as there were often public

lmurmurS.

pueritiam, &c.; now in his sixteenth year.

actate composita; he was forty years old.
quod tunc spectaretur; i.e. a kind of thing they
thought important at that time. When Tacitus wrote,
under Trajan, a prince raised to power by his own
deserts, the family of the Caesars had been long ex
tinct.
abnepos; great-great-grandson, as son (by Appius
Junius Silanus; see Class. Dict., Silanus, 7) of AEmilia
Lepida, great-granddaughter of Augustus; Fam. of
Aug., III. Y.
3. rei familiari ... impositi; i.e. they were stewards of his
domains in Asia, which was a province of the Senate;
see p. 100. More technically, they were procuratores
fisci.
4. retiuli; see xii. 57, 65.
necessitate extrema; this is variously explained, by an
order to kill himself, and, by extreme destitution.
462 TACITI ANNALIUM XIII. [ch. ii.,

II. 1. ibaturque, &c., they were proceeding to more

murders.

2. comitate honesta, i.e. by courteous manners combined

with virtuous conduct, by the courtesy which graced
his moral excellence: he affected, says Dr. Merivale,
to combine the man of the world with the philo
sopher.
lubricam...atatem; cf. on vi. 49, 3, lubricum juventa.
retinerent, &c., i.e. keep him in something like bounds
by means of permissible gratifications, unforbidden
pleasures; they winked at some vices, in order to keep
him from crimes. Cf. Horace, Satires, i. 4. l. 113,
where concessa venere refers to freedwomen; and see
ch. 12, 2 below.

3. in partibus, i.e. on her side.

nuptiis, &c.; with his niece Agrippina.
exitiosa, i.e. of Nero. This adoption proved the de
struction of Claudius, because, on his repenting that
he had thereby disinherited his own son Britannicus,
he was poisoned by Agrippina.
$4. Neroni (erat) ... ingenium; i.e. his was not a temper
to be controlled by slaves; his was not a character that
a slave (as Pallas had been) could rule.
tristi, stern, gloomy.
$ 5. signum, &c.; see on i. 7, 7. The emperor alone gave
the watchword to the officers of the praetorian guard.
optimae matris (signum), the watchword, the best of
mothers: this is the genitive of definition, as in vox
voluptatis, the word pleasure, verbum monendi, the
word monere.

6, duo lictores; cf. i. 14, 3, where we see that Julia

iii.] NOTES. 463

Augusta had only one assigned to her. A vestal virgin

also had one lictor in attendance, whenever she went
out; see Dict. Antiq.
flaminium, &c., i.e. the office of priestess to the deified
Claudius. She was appointed flaminica of a college of
flamens established in honour of Claudius; Claudiales
sodales, like the Augustales. See on iv. 16, 2, 3, for
Jlamines and flaminica.
censorium funus; see on iv. 15, 3.
consecratio, deification; of the Roman emperors.
III. 1. antiquitatem, &c.; see Class. Dict, Claudia gens
and Claudius.
consulatus, &c. Suetonius ascribes to the gens Claudia
twenty-eight consulships, five dictatorships, seven cen
sorships, seven triumphs, and two ovations.
intentus, &c., i.e. he spoke with enthusiasm, and was
listened to with attention.
nihil...accidisse, i.e. the observation that, &c.
2. flexit, &c., i.e. began to talk of Claudius having fore
sight, &c.
praferret, &c., displayed much grace of style.
amoenum; this is not meant as an unmixed compli
ment, by any means. Dr. Donaldson (Latin Grammar,
Appendix IV. 105) says that amaenus signifies that
which is ornamental rather than useful, referring to
xiv. 31, below, where amaenitas is opposed to usus. Here,
we are to understand it of prettinesses of style, repudiated
by critics of severe taste. Quintilian, for instance,
writes:-Senecae plurima abundant dulcibus vitiis.
3. otiosum est, is matter of amusement.
5 tum validus, &c., i.e. at one time expressing his mean
ing with force, at another, &c.
464 TACITI ANNALIUM XIII. [ch. iii.

6. C. Caesaris; Caligula.
turbata mens; attributing madness to him; as also
Juvenal, vi. 615, and Suetonius, who states that, aware
of his mental deficiencies, Caligula meditated a retire
ment, in order to go through a course of hellebore.
7. carminibus; Nero wrote a poem on the capture of
Troy; see on xv. 39, 3. Cf. xiv. 16.

IV. 1. praefatus, &c., i.e. as the ground of his claims to

power.
consilia (esse) sibi, &c., i.e. that he had at heart all
the instructions and models needful to govern well;
consilia refers to Burrus and Seneca; as to exempla, we
learn from Suetonius that he professed himself a fol
lower of Augustus.
imbutam (esse), nor had his early years, he said, been
tainted by, implicated in, &c.
domesticis discordiis; we may refer to the strife of
Augusta and Agrippina; iv. 12, and 40.
afferre (secum), i.e. was he bringing to his high
office.

2. ea...declinans, repudiating those abuses.

omnium judicem fore; i.e. as Claudius had tried to be:
this led to much injustice and intrigue.
unam...domum, i.e. the palace.
paucorum; he glances at the freedmen of Claudius,
who had ruled him.
venale, &c., i.e. no office in his household should be
put up to sale.
discretam (fore), &c., his family affairs, &c.
3. assisterent, i.e. apply to, in law-cases; the publicae
vi.] NOTES. 465

provincia are opposed to the imperial provinces; see

p. 100.
praeberent, i.e. let the consuls, he said, bring suitors
before the Senate.
mandatis, &c., i.e. he would devote himself to the
armies (and provinces) entrusted to his care; see p. 100
for the imperial provinces.

W. 1. ne quis ad causam orandam, &c.; cf. xi. 5,3; xv.

20, 3.
quaestoribus, &c.; see on xi. 22, 3.
2. in Palatium...vocabantur; for Palatium see Class.
Dict, ad v. Roma, xvi. 1. For other places where the
Senate assembled, see Class. Dict, Roma, iii., Temples, 9,
12, 17, 19, 23, 24; x. Porticoes, 6; xii. Curiae, 2, 3.
astaret (Agrippina).
a tergo, i.e. behind her son's seat.
3. Quin et, may even when, &c.
simul, along with Nero.
admonuisset (Neronem), supply ut.
itum (est), &c., i.e. an indignity to the state was
checked.

WI. 1. rapi, i.e. vastari.

2. propulsare (periculum, implied in molem).
4. quantum, &c., what deficiency of manhood's strength,
they would ask, was there? how much was wanting to
make a man of him ?
civilia; more perilous and difficult than foreign wars:
as for Cn. Pompeius (Magnus) he fought under his
father against the Italians in the Social War, B.c. 89.
$ 5. Pleraque, &c.; very much, in the case of a prince
H h
466 TACITI ANNALIUM XIII. [ch. vi.

(when a man holds supreme power), is achieved under

his auspices and his direction, rather than by his own
sword and arm; as imperator, or commander-in-chief
of all the armies of the state, he alone had the right of
taking the auspices, but his legati would command in
the field. What is implied is, that it mattered little
whether Nero was competent to command in the field
himself or not: let him only choose the right men to
command for him.

$6. Daturum (esse Neronem).

VII. 1. vulgantibus, abl. absol.; as people talked, &c.

ammovere (praefectos)... jubet, i.e. orders his officers
to march up (to the scene of operations) the recruits,
&c.: et with juventutem is both, followed by que with
legiones. -

Agrippam; Class. Dict, Agrippa, Herodes, 2.

Antiochum ; Class. Dict, Antiochus, ii., Kings of
Commagene, 4.
ultro; i.e. without waiting for the Parthians to at
tack them, they were to take the bull by the horns, and
invade Parthia; we observe again the unvarying force
of ultro, in connection with what is unexpected and un
provoked.

VIII. 1. in majus (vero), in an exaggerated way, in

terms too high-flown.
diebus, &c., with vestem, &c., i.e. and that on those
days he should wear, &c.
locus, i.e. for displaying themselves: this choice of
a general by Nero seemed to augur that a career was
now open to real merit.
xi.] NOTES. 467

8. parere, &c. ; i.e. the fromtier-tributaries were ordered

to serve in either camp, as policy should require.
4. specie inanium, i.e. in the imposing effect of qualities
in themselves of little worth to a general ; such as
corpore ingens and verba magnifica.

IX. 1. prioribus, his ancestors, predecessors.

2. eae commodo, &c., i.e. by getting a respite from war, in
which to make his preparations.
8. adito rege, abl. absol. ; who had visited the King.
priore de causa, i.e. on some previous business.
5. etiam hostium, regard such as even foes may feel.
6. prrepta (esse sibi ea).
7. diversos, i.e. discordes.
imperatoriis, i.e. his own ; this was an honour assumed
by the princeps, after the successes of his legati ; after
wards, the fasces of the princeps, as perpetual consul,
were always laureati.
egressa, i.e. these events extended iuto the next year.
X. 1. adversus, &c., in opposition to those who oflered
them.

8. recepti sunt, &c. ; see on ii. 74, 2.

XI. 1. in acta ...jurarent ; see on i. 72, 2.
sua, Nero's.
majores (res), &c., i.e. extend its emulation to more
important matters.
2. obstringens, i.e. pledging himself to shew.
testificando, dat. of purpose, in order to prove the
excellence of his instructions.
ingenii, i.e. his talent for rhetoric.
468 TACITI ANNALIUM XIII. [ch. xii.

XII. 1. Caesaris; Claudius.

2. irrepserat (Acte), i.e. into Nero's favour.
per luxum; referring to luxurious suppers and orgies
with Nero, Otho, and Senecio.
ambigua secreta; Actes meetings with Nero were
veiled in secrecy, as a stimulus to his passion.
muliercula, abl. absol.; as a woman of low rank, &c.
praevalent illicita, forbidden fruit has finer flavour.
3. libertam, &c. ...fremere, raved about having a freed
woman for a rival, a slave for a daughter-in-law.
Suetonius tells us that Nero was within an ace of mar
rying Acte; some story was trumped up about her
being of royal birth.
muliebriter, as only a jealous woman can.

XIII. 1. Annaeus Serenus ; Class. Dict., Serenus, An

*u.S.

quae, the presents which, &c.

palam, to all public appearance.
2. cubiculum, &c., i.e. the privity of her chamber.
contegendis (iis), dat. of purpose; to conceal those
pleasures which the warmth of youth and his exalted
fortune would not dispense with.
3. nimia, &c., too strict in curbing, at one extreme in
checking.
4. atrocis, implacable.
tum et falsa, i.e. at once implacable and wearing
a mask.

5. parsimonia, &c., i.e. and that in no grudging spirit,

since he was offering unsolicited (prior) the choicest
of the stock, and what other ladies had coveted.
-xiv.] NOTES. 469

$6. non his instrui, &c., that not by such presents was her
own wardrobe furnished; their real effect was that she
was kept out of all the rest.

XIV. 1. referrent, &c., i.e. repeated her words with

added venom.
cura rerum, &c.; Pallas had been steward and trea
surer to Claudius; he had also charge of the public
finances.
degrediente, i.e. from the Palace, on the Palatine Hill;
see Class. Dict, Roma, xvi.
prosequentium; his secretaries and retinue.
non absurde, not without wit.
Pall. ut ejuraret; Nero compares the insolent freed
man and his overgrown influence to a consul laying
down his office, at the end of his term, with his crowd
of friends and dependants surrounding him, as he swears
at the Capitol that he has discharged his office to the
benefit of the state. But instead of saying, magistratum
ut ejuraret, he phrases it sarcastically, Pallantem ut
ejur. (supply eum with ire), to lay aside Pallas, using
that as the title of a monstrous and unheard-of usurpa
tion. Others, taking Pallantem with ire, supply magis
tratum with ejuraret; others again, making Nero allude
to the ill-gotten wealth of Pallas, which he was carrying
off with him, fill up the phrase by supplying bonam
copiam, i.e. to swear himself an insolvent. See Smith's
Lat. Dict, ejurare.
2. pepigerat; with Claudius.
paresque ... haberet, i.e. and that his accounts should
be considered as balanced; supply ut with haberet,
from me.
470 TACITI ANNALIUM XIII. [ch. xiv.,

3. principis auribus, &c., nor did she respect the prince's

ears enough to avoid declaring that, &c.
veram, &c., i.e. the real (not adoptive) son of Claudius,
and the heir who ought to succeed to, &c.
exerceret, &c., i.e. only held to commit outrages on
his mother.

4. veneficium ; her murder of Claudius.

provisum (esse), &c., thanks to the gods and her own
foresight, she had one resource, that, &c.: i.e. whatever
she had done, she had done one thing more, she had
preserved her step-son's life.
Ituram (esse se).
5. hinc, on the one side let, &c., be heard.
inde, on the other side.
rursus, on the contrary; i.e. as a pretty contrast to
her high claims.
debilis; because mutilated. Others read vilis.
trunca manu; he had lost some fingers in action, we
must suppose.
professoria, with his pedant's tongue.
6. Silanorum ; see ch. 1.
facinora; i.e. the victims of the deeds she had done,
and done in vain. *

XV. 1. propinquo, abl. absol.; being close at hand.

quartum ... explebat, i.e. was about to assume the toga
virilis ; cf. xii. 41.
ipsius (Britannici); cf. xii. 26, 4.
quidam; read quodam.
quo tamen, &c., whereby (trifling as it was) Britan
nicus had still gained, &c.: quo is = tali, ut, hence
the subj.
xv.] NOTES. 471

2. Saturno, &c.; Dict. Antiq., Saturnalia. Macleane on

Horace, Satires, ii. 3, 1.4. One of the private amuse
ments at this Carnival-time was the election of a mock
king: Saturno is a sort of dat. of relation, equal to
genitive.
regnum lusu sortientium, i.e. at a game of lot-drawing
who should be king. The rex bade the others do, for
mirth's sake, ridiculous or degrading things.
3. diversa (Nero mandavit).
Britannico, dat, after jussit, for accus. supply ut.
convictus ... ignorantis; for the state of isolation in
which Britannicus was kept, see xii. 26, 3.
constanter, i.e. in a firm voice, or, with self-possession.
evolutum (esse), had been robbed of his father's throne
and of supreme power. Lipsius thinks that the lines
sung by Britannicus may have been from the Andro
mache of Ennius, quoted by Cicero in the Tusculan
Disputations, iii. 19: referring to Priam's fall.
4. nullum crimen, i.e. there was no charge could be
brought against Britannicus.
attinebatur; see on iii. 22, 5, militari custodia.
multa...fama, abl. of description; a woman of, &c.
5. proximus quisque, i.e. that all those about his person
should be people with no regard for, &c.; see Smith's
Lat Dict, pensus.
pensi haberet, lit., should think of weight, care the
least about.
olim =jampridem.
6, parum validum, either as being, because it was, too
weak.
me...saviret, &c., i.e. or it had been purposely quali
fied that it might not act, &c.; the dose was purposely
472 TACITI ANNALIUM XIII. [ch. xv.

made so moderate as not to exert at once the poison's

full force.

7, rumorem, public talk: he charges them with being

anxious only to avert suspicion from themselves.
defensiones, i.e. in case they were accused.
securitatem, his, Nero's; he pretended that Britanni
cus was in a plot against him.
8, promittentibus (iis), abl. absol.
juxta, prepos. after case; in a room close to his
private apartments.
virus, &c., a deadly drink, swift in action, as com
posed of poisons, &c., made of drugs whose swift action
had been tested. Suetonius tells us that they tried it
on various animals till it was found strong enough to
kill a young pig instantly.

XVI. 1. idem, atatis; idem, neut. used with genit. like

id: Smith's Lat. Dict, is, iii.
sedentes; as opposed to the usual reclining posture,
on the triclinium ; so reclinis, 5, below, of Nero.
2. delecti, of one chosen from among, &c.
gustu, &c.; see on xii. 66, 5.
3. libata gustu, i.e. tried by the taster.
fervore, on account of its heat.
vox pariter, &c.; i.e. he fell back lifeless, without
a word or a groan.
4. imprudentes, those unaware of the truth.
(ii) quibus (erat).
defixi, motionless, without stirring.
5, uterat reclinis, i.e. keeping his place on his couch.
solitum (esse) ita, i.e. that it is a common thing.
xviii.] NOTES. 473

6, constiterit, it was evident (to the guests).

premeretur, imperfect; she strove to hide it in her
looks.
exemplum, and that here was a precedent for, &c.;
this would extend to herself, she dreaded.

XVII. 2. in Campo...Martis; i.e. in the Mausoleum Au

gusti; see on iii. 9, 2, tumulo Casarum, and on i. 8, 6,
sede destinata; see on ii. 73, 5, sepulturae.
plerique...hominum, very many people.
antiquas, &c., i.e. which have ever existed between, &c.;
they may have thought of the subjects of Greek tragedy,
Atreus and Thyestes, Eteocles and Polynices.
insociabile, &c., and that sovereign power admits no
partner, will bear no brother near the throne.
3. jam, i.e. after hearing of the outrages endured by
Britannicus.
inter sacra mensae, i.e. amidst the sacred rites of, &c.;
cf. xv. 52, 2: the prayers and libations to the gods made
a banquet a quasi-religious affair.
sororum; Octavia, own sister, and Antonia, half
sister, of Britannicus; both daughters of Claudius.
properata sit (mors).
4. acerba funera, i.e. the grievous deaths of the young.
5 sibi, with sitas (esse); he placed, he said, all his
hopes, &c.

XVIII. 1. gravitatem, &c., assuming weight of cha

racter, professing austere morality; Seneca and Burrus
are glanced at.
id temporis, at such a time; Smiths Lat. Dict, is, iii.
3. Octaviam; Class. Dict., Octavia, 2.
474 TACITI ANNALIUM XIII. [ch. xviii.

secreta, private interviews.

in subsidium, i.e. for a reserve-fund, to raise troops
with.
ercipere, i.e. when they came to pay their respects, or
were on duty at the excubia.
nomina, &c., i.e. the nobles of famous name and high
character.
etiam tum supererant; it was afterwards, under Do
mitian, that their numbers were so much reduced.
ducem, amongst the nobles.
partes, in the tribunes and centurions.
4. ercubias; see on i. 7, 7.
Germanos; for the German body-guards, see i. 24, 3.
$ 5. ne catu, &c., i.e. that those who attended his own
receptions might have no pretext for seeing her also.
Antoniae; prob. Antonia major, Nero's grandmother,
through his father Cn. Domitius; see Fam. of Aug.,
I. B. a. a.

XIX. 1. potentia, &c.; see on ii. 60, 5.

2. odio; i.e. to please their eyes with the sight of her
fall.
occultis, &c., abl. absol.; though there afterwards
were, &c.
supra rettuli; xi. 12, 2.
opibus, &c., i.e. the wealth of the childless Silana.
3. lugeret (Agrippina).
Octaviae; Nero's wife, Claudius' daughter.
Rubellium Plautum, &c.; he was great-great-grandson
(abnepos) of Augustus, as follows: 1. Augustus; 2.
Tiberius; 3. Drusus, junior; 4 Julia; 5. Rubellius
Plautus; see Family of Aug., III. Y. Nero was also
-xx.] NOTES. 475

great-great-grandson of Augustus, as follows: 1. Au

gustus; 2. Julia; 3. Agrippina the elder; 4. Agrippina
the younger; 5. Nero. See Fam. of Aug., II. 5. 3'.
extollere, &c., i.e. to raise a revolution in his favour,
lit., to raise him to revolution.
conjugioque, &c., and by marriage with him, and,
at last, by making him ruler, again to seize on su
preme power.

4. Domitia ; see on xii. 64, 6.

aemulatio, &c.; see xii. 64, 46.
oblatis, i.e. at the chance presented him.
atrociter, i.e. in the most vivid colours; with the
strongest representations of imminent danger.

XX. 1. luxus, the lustful pleasures; i.e. by his obscene

pantomime, &c.; he was a histrio.
compositus, &c., with a set expression of grief, with an
assumed look of deep anxiety.
prafectura (praetoriana).
Agrippinae gratia, &c.; see xii. 42, 2.
vicem reddentem, i.e. repaying her by forwarding
her plot.
2. Caccinam; Class. Dict, Caecina, 4.
mandata, abl. absol.; i.e. in the written order, codi
cilli.

3. dubitatum (esse), &c., that no doubt was felt by

Nero.
Sane, it is true that, we must allow that.
cujus amieitia (abl), &c., through whose, &c., he rose.
4. consensum, &c., i.e. recording without hesitation what
ever facts authors are agreed upon.
qua diversa, &c., accus, after trademus.
476 TACITI ANNALIUM XIII. [ch. xx.,

5 differri, i.e. induced to put off her execution.

tribuendam (esse), ought to be given, said Burrus.
domo, i.e. of Domitia; see ch. 19, 4.
Refutare (crimen), i.e. against the charge, argued
Burrus, were the darkness (why did the accuser not act
openly ?) and the night-watches spent in revelry (i.e.
why did the accuser not bring his charge when matter
of such importance could be fairly and soberly weighed ?)
and the fact of all being at such a time inclined to
act with reckless folly, or, the scene of reckless folly
prevailing (when the charge was made). Taking this
view of the passage, Burrus argues that all the circum
stances of the accusation point to its being a trumped
up charge, which they hoped Nero would act on at
once, when flushed with wine. Another explanation is,
supplying se with refutare, he, Burrus, was opposed to
action (against Agrippina) in the dark, after a night of
revelry, when rashness and folly were rampant: he ob
jected to darkness, &c., and such a state of things, as
fitting circumstances under which to proceed in such an
important affair.

XXI. 1. et luce orta, i.e. directly it was day.

objecta, the charges against her.
2. arbitri, &c., i.e. to watch the proceedings for Nero;
to see whether Burrus and Seneca were too easy with
her, and to report what she said.
3. ferocia memor, calling up all her haughty spirit.
mutantur, with liberi, must mean, love for children is
not so easily laid aside, or, changed to hatred, as, &c.
$4. novissimam, &c., are thus repaying the hag for their
hire by this last service (i.e. as their last resource for
478 TACITI ANNALIUM XIII. [ch. xxi.

this absurd charge would make out, I should gain by

substituting Plautus for Nero).
impatientia, abl. sing. with incauta,
crimina... quibus, &c., i.e. the murder of Claudius, and
her other crimes.
$ 9. Commotis (iis).
ultro, &c., i.e. going so far as to, &c., actually trying
to soothe her passionate indignation: they had been
sent to accuse her, but played the opposite part, and
sided and sympathised with her.
diffideret, i.e. lacked confidence in her cause.
beneficiis; supply de from pro above.

XXII. 1. cura ludorum; see on xi. 35, 7.

AEgyptus; an imperial province; see p. 100.
2. Silama ... Calvisius ... Iturius ... Atimeto; see ch. 19,
24; for relegatio and exilium see on iv. 42, 3, lege
Julia, &c.
3. supplicium, &c.; i.e. he was put to death.
validiore, abl. absol.; being too necessary to the de
baucheries of Nero to, &c.
Plautus; see on ch. 19, 3.

XXIII. 1. claritudine; either, in consequence of, &c.,

or abl. of description, a man remarkable for, &c.
Antoniae, see xii. 2, 1, and Class. Dict., Antonia, 3.
2. sectionibus, &c., i.e. infamous for his dealings with
the treasury in confiscated goods; from 4, below, it
seems that he hunted up confiscated property, and
bought it at a low price.
tum, on this occasion convicted of falsehood.
-xxv.] NOTES. 479

3. haberet ; the subj. is used as quoting what the delator

Paetus asserted; whom, according to Paetus, he had
as, &c.
usum (esse se).
vocem consociaret; the arrogant fool thought he would
put them on an equality with himself, if he spoke to his
freedmen, though he was one himself.
4. retrahebat, &c., was trying to revive, bringing for
ward again, the cancelled memorandums (i.e. against
estates whose confiscation had been allowed to lapse)
of, &c. Others read, nomina, debts, or claims.

XXIV. 1. assidere ludis, &c.; cf. i. 77, 1; xi. 13.

Urbem lustravit: there was a procession of the priests
of the various services; the Salii, bearing the golden
shields on their heads; the Westals, guarding the sacred
Palladium ; the Galli, who lave in Almo the mother of
the gods (see Class. Dict, Almo and Rhea); with the
noble Augurs and Flamens, the Septemviri and Epulones
(see Dict. Antiq.) and all the lesser priesthoods, girt
with the cincture of the rustic Gabii. See esp. Lucan,
Pharsalia, i. 592, for a spirited description of this lustral
procession.

XXV. 1. qua, i.e. in indulging which.

compositus, &c., made up to look unlike himself.
comitantibus (iis), &c., while his companions, &c.
adversus ignaros, &c., i.e. encountering people so
ignorant of his identity.
praferret, i.e. shewed the marks.
2. pernotuit, it became generally known.
et quidam, then certain persons, &c.; this, and the
480 TACITI ANNALIUM XIII. [ch. xxv.

clauses et in modum, &c., and Juliusque, &c., below,

follow upon what is stated from deinde, ubi to insignes.
captivitatis, i.e. of a city taken by storm.
qui nondum honorem capessisset, like our, had not yet
taken his seat in the Lords. The sons of senators
could enter the Senate, but not vote; they were called
laticlavii, and were allowed, by an ordinance of Augus
tus, to assume the latus clavus and enter the Senate, on
taking the toga virilis : he had not yet held any public
office (honorem), and so was not a regular member.
agnitum oraverat, i.e. on recognising him, had begged
his pardon.
quasi exprobrasset, &c., i.e. was forced to kill himself,
as though his excuses reproached Nero.

3. plerosque, a great number of.

sinerent ; the subj. expresses the purpose of Nero in
having them about him; the indicative, inferebant be
low, that which actually took place.
ageretur, &c., i.e. if the injured parties made too
stout a resistance.

$4. Ludicram (adj. from ludicer or ludicrus, nomin. not

found) licentiam, lawlessness at the public games; this
refers to the games of the Circus, ludi Circenses; fau
tores histrionum to stage-plays, ludi scenici; see on i.
16, 4, and cf. i. 77, l, and on xi. 11, 5, circensibus ludis.
atque ipse, &c., i.e. and, more than all, by looking on
himself, sometimes hidden, often in full view.
discordi, abl. absol. ; being, &c.
histriones, i.e. those who caused the riots: it is out of
the question to suppose that Rome was deprived of all
theatricals.
xxvi.] NOTES. 481

milesque, &c., and troops stand guard at; see ch. 24,
above.

XXVI. 1. actum (est), a discussion took place.

fraudibus, offences, misconduct.
nec deerant, &c., i.e. and there were many senators
ready to vote for this.
2. relationem incipere, to make the motion, move the
resolution, or, put the question to the Senate: in this
way alone could a regular senatus-consultum be made,
and relationem, &c., is here opposed to sententia; the
senators had spoken on the subject per egressionem, for
which see on ii. 33, 2, and 38, 3; and cf. esp. ch. 49, 2,
below, licere patribus... quae vellent expromere, relationem
que... postulare, which proves the point in question.
perscripsere (i.e. to Nero) consensum, &c.
ille an auctor, &c., i.e. asking whether he would like
to be the mover of the (wished-for) regulation (or, ordi
nance), as there were but few woufd oppose the motion;
cf. xiv. 49, 2.
quibusdam coalitam, &c., this passage is so desperately
corrupt, that no thoroughly satisfactory explanation can
be given, nor restoration of it made: one thing is cer
tain, that we are to understand it of a deliberation in
the council of Nero, not of a discussion in the Senate.
In the Oxford text (Parker, 1854), vine an is nonsense,
sententiam eorum consultarent has no satisfactory sense,
and impulere vel, should be, apparently, such a word as
impudenter. Gutmann, perhaps, approaches the correct
reading, after frementibus, as follows:-ut jam nec aequo,
c. p. j. ag., sed palam eis insultarent, ac. v. m. u. in.,
impudenter paenam, &c.
coalitam, deeply rooted, and so, increased, confirmed.
U 1.
482 TACITI ANNALIUM XIII. [ch. xxvi.

irreverentiam, of the liberti to the patroni.

frementibus, loudly complaining that, &c.
vine an ; reading ut jam, &c., we explain, that at last
they put themselves on an equality with, &c.
ultro; see esp. on iii. 36, 1, ultro metuebantur.
dissuadentes, &c.; i.e. advising their patrons, as if in
a friendly spirit, not to attempt punishment, as it would
be the worse for the patrons, if they did.
3. concessum (esse), was allowed, it was asked: it is
supposed that Augustus made some regulation of this
kind.
vicesimum; it is proposed to read centesimum, on ac
count of what follows, Campania being a little over one
hundred miles from Rome: moreover, the jurisdiction
of the prafectus urbis, who heard complaints of patroni
against liberti, extended to the hundredth milestone, and
so the libertus was freed from that.
in oram Campaniae, i.e. to Campania's pleasant shores;
not a very severe punishment: of course they were not
banished specifically to Campania, but, being able to
choose their own place of abode beyond the centesimus
lapis, many would go there.
actiones, i.e. legis: patrons and freedmen, in all other
matters (it was said) were equal before the law-courts.
4. Tribuendum (esse), ought to be put into the hands of
patroni.
grave (esse), was it a hard task to assign the enfran
chised, that of keeping, &c.; retinendi is for retinere, as
if negotium preceded the gerund, cf. xv. 5, 3, vitandi, and
21, 3, ostentandi.
5. beneficia, i.e. the freedom they had been enjoying, in
the houses of their patroni.
xxvii.] NOTES. 483

XXVII. 1. universorum (libertorum).

2. Hinc; from amongst freedmen.
tribus, i.e. the four city-tribes, the proletarii or capite
Cems.

decurias, i.e. scribarum, lictorum, viatorum, praeco

num, accensorum, &c., referred to also by ministe
ria; companies of public clerks, lictors, summoners,
criers, &c.
ministeria, suites of attendants.
cohortes, &c., i.e. the city-guard; see on xi. 35, 7,
vigilum praefectus.
plurimis, most, plerisque, many.
3. libertini, the freedmen; they were liberti, with refer
ence to their patronus, libertini as a class.
separarentur, &c., i.e. if they were made a separate
class of there would appear a glaring scarcity of, &c.
in communi, i.e. as a common right, not served out by
measure: that is to say, the clearest distinction existed
between liberti and servi, and those fully manumitted
ought to be free absolutely and for ever: the children
of libertini then became ingenui.
$4. Quin et, nay even.
institutas (esse a majoribus). There was the full
manumission, justa libertas, conferred by the ceremony
of the vindicta, in presence of the praetor: there was the
manumissio by word of mouth before witnesses, called
inter amicos, that per epistolam, &c., and a slave so freed
was free for his life, but died a slave, his goods and
children reverting to his master's possession, and such
are said velut vinclo servitutis attineri.
paenitentiae, i.e. for a change of purpose, on the part of
the master, if he thought full freedom was not deserved;
484 TACITI ANNALIUM XIII. [ch. xxvii.
he withheld the justa libertas, which he had intended to
confer as a novum beneficium, as a further boon.
5 (eos) Quos, &c.; the emphasis, of course, lies in vin
dicta, as the regular legal form of full manumission.
Dispiceret quisque (dominus) merita (servi); the subj.
is used for imperat, of direct speech; for dispicio, to
look narrowly into, see on iii. 22, 3, quis.
6. sententia, &c.; it is clear from this that Nero dis
cussed the matter with his advisers.
privatim, i.e. separately, in each individual case.
expenderent, supply ut.
in commune, as regards the general body of liberti.
derogarent, i.e. de jure libertorum.
7. amitae, Domitia Lepida; see on xii. 64, 6.
quasi jure civili, i.e. by an abuse of, &c.
ingenuitatis, &c., i.e. in favour of Paris; it was by
this means that Domitia was deprived of him; the man
had no legal claim to ingenuitas, but Nero made the
court give that decision.

XXVIII. 2. Comprobavere, i.e. the action of Vibullius.

incusata, &c., while reprimanding the illegal conduct
of, &c.
jus... praeripere, to usurp the jurisdiction.
vocare ex Italia, &c.; the potestas tribunitia not ex
tending beyond Rome.
vocare, i.e. for trial in Rome.
(eos) cum quibus, &c., persons who could be dealt with
in regular course of law.
3. ne quid adverterent (for animadv.), that they should
not pronounce any sentence (or, inflict any punishment),
-xxix.] NOTES. 485

in virtue of their official power, at their own houses.

The houses of the tribuni plebis were open all night,
that instant recourse might be had to the help of their
intercessio; but they pronounced sentence in any case at
their regular court.
quastores ararii; cf. iii. 51, 3; see Dict. Antiq.,
quastores.
referrent, &c., enter on the public registers.
medio temporis, &c., i.e. that during the four months
the person fined should be at liberty to appeal; supply
ut with liceret, &c.
4. statutumque (est), i.e. by a senatus-consulium.
plebei (aediles).
pignoris, security, by seizure of goods; for the amount
of a fine inflicted on a senator who failed to attend the
house when it was convoked, or on any citizen who did
not attend to a magistrate's summons.
quantum ... paenae, what amount of fine, for such non
attendance.

5. Eo, in virtue of this regulation, availing himself of it.

exercuit, &c., i.e. gratified his personal enmity.
tanquam ... augeret, on a charge of exercising with
cruel excess the right of public sale against the (confis
cated goods of the) poor.
curam tabularum, &c., i.e. the charge of the exchequer.
quaestoribus (aerarii).
ad praefectos (aerarii), to men called Commissioners of
the treasury.

XXIX. 1. ejus rei forma, i.e. the arrangements of that

office, that public department; see on i. 75, 4.
prafectos (aerarii).
486 TACITI ANNALIUM XIII. [ch. xxix.

praetorum, i.e. of the praetors of the year.

qui praessent (aerario), to manage the exchequer.
2. offensionem; read offensionum.
consulerent, &c., i.e. should be lax in their manage
ment.

honores, i.e. the curule magistracies: he gave them

the praetorship after their quaestorship.
extra ordinem; they should first have held the aedile
ship, in the regular order.
3. robur aetatis, i.e. maturity fitting them for honores.
capessentibus, &c., i.e. as the quaestorship is the first
office that a man holds.

XXX. 1. avare habitam, &c., for extortions in his govern

ment of, &c.
2. quod, on a charge that, &c.; hence the subj.
remigum ... Ravennae; see iv. 5, 1.
luxuria, profligacy.
3. ex primoribus, one of the first men in Rome.
misso, &c., i.e. by letting out the blood from his veins,
opening a vein.
4 opes, &c., and to whom belonged surpassing wealth,
fairly acquired; cf. iii. 30, 1, 2, and xiv. 56, 2.
ineffensa, &c., i.e. he had escaped giving offence to so
many wicked rulers.

XXXI. 1. molem, &c., a huge, &c.; see Class. Dict,

Roma, vi. 1.
diurnis, &c.; see on iii. 3, 2.
2. congiarium, as largess; see on xii. 41, 3.
sesterti(or)um, &c.; see on ii. 37.
-xxxii.] NOTES. 487

ad retinendam ...fidem, to support their credit, main

tain their solvency. We may conjecture that this was
meant to relieve the farmers of the tolls and tributes,
or other responsible agents of finance.Dr. Merivale.
3. Vectigal; see on ii. 47, 4, tributis; the duty of four
per cent. (supply partis with vicesimae, &c.) on the sale
of slaves. Augustus had imposed a tax of two per cent.
(quinquagesima) on the sale of slaves; it is probable
that it was doubled by Caligula, as an inscription shews
us that it was quinta et vicesima under Claudius.
cum venditor, inasmuch as the seller, &c.; the tax
was simply shifted from the shoulders of the buyers to
the sellers, by the new regulation; the buyers being
generally Roman citizens, the slave-dealers, mangones,
generally foreigners: we can readily see how much the
buyers gained by the change.
4. ne quis magistratus, &c.; this restriction must have
been meant to relieve the subjects of the state from the
burden of providing the shows.
5. (ea) qua... deliquerant, &c., i.e. making popular favour
into a defence for their criminalities; more lit., warding
off by popular arts (the blame of) their guilty excesses;
the object being, that the provincials should not accuse
them at Rome; libido refers to injustice, cruelty, ex
tortion, as well as to lustful excesses.

XXXII, 1. ut, to the effect that, &c. This was a sena

tus-consultum Neronianum or Pisonianum (ch. 31, 1).
The jurist, Julius Paulus, gives other provisions, as ut,
occisa uxore, etiam de familia (household slaves) viri
quaestio habeatur, idemque (neut.) ut juxta uxoris fami
liam observetur, si vir dicatur occisus. He adds to
488 TACITI ANNALIUM XIII. [ch. xxxii.

the provision here given by Tacitus, sed ethi torquen

tur, qui cum occiso in itinere fuerunt.
ii quoque, &c.; it was ever open to suspicion, that
slaves were prompted to such a crime by the freedmen,
and it was hoped that this provision would not only deter
them from that, but make them look sharply after ill
disposed slaves.
supplicia, &c., i.e. should be capitally punished.
2. ordini (senatorio).
avaritiae, i.e. extortion in his province.
perculsus, i.e. damnatus, implying senalu motus.
3. se... rettulit, i.e. returned to (and entered) Rome with
an ovation for victories over, &c.
superstitionis externa rea; a charge implying not
merely participation in the rites of a licensed religion,
but abandonment of the national worship, such as Chris
tianity, perhaps, alone then demanded of its votaries.
-Dr. Merivale. It is supposed that this lady was one
of St. Paul's converts to Christianity; see Merivale,
vol. vi. pp. 441-2, and notes.
4. prisco instituto; cf. ii. 50, 4, exemplo majorum, &c.
nuntiavit, i.e. reported to Nero and the Senate.
5. Juliam ; see on iii. 29, 4.
egit, &c., she lived with garb all mourning, with feel
ings all sorrow: the Julia here named was a relation of
Pomponia Graecina, being descended from Pomponia
(the daughter of Ciceros friend, T. Pomponius Atticus)
through her grandmother Vipsania Agrippina, first wife
of Tiberius; Class. Dict., Vipsania, 1.
impune (fuit), was left unpunished: we might have
expected, while Messalina lived, that her sorrow for her
murdered relative would bring ruin on her.
-xxxiv.] NOTES. 489

XXXIII. 1. accusante Asia, i.e. of his misgovernment

in that province.
travit, prolonged his trial.
2. ut memoravi : ch. 1.
sceleris... flagilia; see on iii. 50, 2.
3. Capitonem ; see Juvenal, viii. 93-4, where he and an
other are called piratae Cilicum.
maculosum, &c., as guilty of the foulest excesses; this
refers to lust, avarice, and rapacity. Cf. Histories,
i. 7, 2.
ratum, as thinking that he had (claiming) the same
right to a defiance of decency as, &c. He was a noted
delator; see Index.
A. conflictatus, &c., worn out by the persistency of his
aCCuSerS.

res repetebant, i.e. he was repetundarum reus.

of Lycii; Lycia was united by Claudius to the province
Pamphylia.

XXXIV. 1. abavo Neronis; see on ch. 19, 3.

pauci jam ; nunc is now, absolute; jam, now, compa
rative; i.e. now, after all this time, there were but few
left who remembered it.

2. quingenis (millibus) sestertiis: sums of over one thou

sand and below one million sesterces are expressed with
millia understood, where necessary.
innoxiam, i.e. undeserved, not caused by vice.
4. mollibus, &c., by the feebleness of the operations
hither to.
parta olim, the old conquests of, &c.
490 TACITI ANNALIUM XIII. [ch. xxxiv.

5. ambigua fide, in their wavering allegiance ; first to

Rome and then to Parthia.
utraque, i.e. of Rome and Parthia, in turn.
ac, &c., and especially, in their ignorance of freedom,
as they had never been free.
illuc, to the Parthian side; with ad servitium, to
Parthian despotism.

XXXV. 2. Romanorum; emphatic, the hard duties of

Roman soldiers; cf. i. 42, 5, Hispaniae Syriaeve, mi
les, &c.
3. stationem ... vigilias; see on i. 28, 5.
nitidi, coxcombs.
quaestuosi; implying that they acted as negotiatores.
militia (abl.), &c., i.e. who had done nothing but
garrison-duty.
4. alariis; see on iii. 39, 1, and iv. 73, 2.
5. pellibus, i.e. winter-tents, of skins.
6. Ambusti, withered, frost-bitten; for urere, of cold, cf.
Virgil, Georgics, i. 93; Lucan, iv, 52.
manus, accus. pl. of reference, in his hands.
7. Ipse, Corbulo.
10, usu ... apparuit, was proved by experience.

XXXVI. 1. ver adolesceret ; see on ii. 23, 1.

2. primipili honore; see on i. 29, 2; ii. 11, 2.
5, increpitumque (partic, pass.); continue this to prae
jectos and milites; with a severe reprimand to, &c.,
ordered them to, &c.
-xxxviii.) NOTES. 491

extra vallum, &c.; an old military punishment.

tendere, to encamp; cf. AEneid, ii. 29.
6, contumelia, &c., under this degradation.

XXXVII. 1. clintelas (in Oxford text); a misprint for

clientelas.
plura exterrere, i.e. frightened out of allegiance to
Rome.

2. frustra habitus; equal to frustratus (in its passive

use), or elusus.
3. Antiochum ; Class. Dict, Antiochus, ii. Kings of
Commagene, 4; and ch. 7, 1, above.
praefecturas petere, to invade the Armenian provinces.
Pharasmanes, King of Iberia, xi. 8.
4, illecti, i.e. into active alliance with Rome.
ante alias socia, &c., distinguished for attachment
to, &c.; some expl. that this was shewn after they were
illecti; others, that, having previously been faithful
passive allies of Rome, they were now for the first time
induced to take up arms for Rome.
5. commotum (esse), i.e. against the Romans.
causa, by pleading, discussing their rights.
Arsacidis, &c.; see Class. Dict, Arsaces, 14, 15,
for clade Romana. -

6, comperto, neut. abl. absol.; being well aware.

posse ... contingere, he might, urged Corbulo, obtain
a kingdom in firm possession, and power without blood
shed.

XXXVIII. 1. Placitum (est), it was resolved.

in summa; read summam, which in the MSS. is written
492 TACITI ANNALIUM XIII. [ch. xxxviii.

as summa, with stroke over a ; so in Histories, ii. 16, 1 ;

here, for the conclusion of, &c., for the great object in
view, viz. peace.
2. non statuere (se), he did not wish, he said, to dictate.
in faciem, i.e. in the guise of, with the show of, &c.
3. inde, that on the one side; that of Tiridates.
offerri, i.e. was being conceded.
4. respondit (Corbulo).
coram, prepos. after case.
dissertatus os (esse se), that Tiridates and himself
would, &c.
6. prior, arriving first.

XXXIX. 1. ibatur, &c.; i.e. the Roman troops were

marching off in different directions, sua quisque in cas
tra; Tiridates feared being surprised by them.
Trapezunte; Class. Dict, Trapezus, 2.
3. (iis) qual, &c., provisis.
5. Libratoribus; see on ii. 20, 4.
glandes; the funditores sent glandes, the libratores
huge stones and javelins.
ne qua pars, &c., that, in an attack of equal vigour
everywhere, none (of the besieged) might help their
hard-pressed comrades.
8. quae ... dabantur, i.e. because, if they, &c., they would
be exposed to, &c.
latioribus vadis, i.e. by fords, where the river was
wider; where the river was wider, and so fordable.

XL. 1. concessisset, &c., i.e. if he did not help the be

sieged.
-xli.] NOTES. 493

prohiberet, strove to prevent the siege.

dato die, i.e. a suitable day.
fraudi; i.e. for drawing the Rom. into a snare.
2. via pariter et pugna, &c.; see on ii. 16, 5, in aciem
adsisteret ; and i. 51, 4, itineri, &c.
3. mediis, abl. absol.; being in the centre.
quibus, dat. with jusserat for accus. ; see ch. 15, 3,
Britannico jussit.
instantibus (hostibus).
4. pedes sagittarius, foot-archers; cf. ii. 16, 5, equite
sagittario.
productior, extending further out, &c., along the foot
of the hills, i.e. further out than on the right wing.
intravisset, i.e. tried to break the centre.
sinu, on the flank; the left wing would overlap and
hem the foe in, as a bay (sinus) its waters.
5. er diverso, on the opposite side, i.e. in front.
ad ictum teli, within javelin-range.
si... posset, to try if, in case he might, &c.
diversos, i.e. isolated corps.
6. solutum (est), when no disorder (in our ranks) was
caused, &c.
obsequium, i.e. to Corbulo's orders.
XLI. 2. longinquum (esse), was to a distant point.
Medi, &c., i.e. whether he was making for Media or
Albania.

3. teneri; supply poterant, from the sense of what fol

lows, which is equal to nec vires... dividi poterant.
id virium, such a force as, &c.
quod capta (Artaxata, neut. pl.) essent, in the fact of
its capture.
494 TACITI ANNALIUM XIII. [ch. xli.

4. Adjicitur, i.e. as another reason for destroying it.

cuncta (loca), &c., all the district outside the city.
discretum est, i.e. the cloud which enveloped all
within the walls was seamed (or furrowed) with light
ning-flashes.
5. consalutatus imperator; see on ii. 18, 2.
continui, i.e. for several successive years.
relatum ... esset, i.e. the motion concerning it was
made (in the Senate).
disseruerit, declared that if, &c.
dividi, &c., i.e. let the year be divided into two por
tions, one for public affairs (negotiosos for profestos), the
other for giving thanks to Nero.

XLII. 1. deinde ... reus, after this a culprit who had

been, &c.
invidia, &c., without odium accruing to Seneca.
Publius Suillius; cf. iv. 31, 5. He was the poet
Ovid's son-in-law; see Epistola ex Ponto, iv. 8, 1.
terribilis ; as a delator.
2. repetitum, &c., i.e. it was believed that, for the express
purpose of, &c., the decree was revived, with the penal
ties of, &c. For lex Cincia, see on xi. 5, 3, and cf. ch. 5,
l, above.
3. liber, &c., i.e. speaking fearlessly from his advanced
age.
infensum, &c., i.e. as seeking vengeance on the friends
of Claudius, for the exile he had endured under his
rule : cf. xii. 8, 3.

4 studiis, &c., to the idle (unpractical) pursuits of phi

losophy. -
xliii.] NOTES. 495

livere (Senecam), he was envious, he said, of, &c.

domus ejus, i.e. of Germanicus' daughter, Agrippina.
6. sestertium, &c.; see on ii. 37.
paravisset, had Seneca got (might he make so bold as
to ask).
$ 7. testamenta et orbos, i.e. testamenta orborum: such
men were called captatores or haeredipetae; for the figure
in indagine cf. Horace, Satires, ii. 5, l. 23, sqq.
Roma, &c., i.e. No! the secret was that at Rome,
&c.; for orbos see on iii. 25, 2, praevalida (end of note).
femore hauriri, &c.; it is said that the war which broke
out in Britain in A.D. 61, was caused by Seneca's op
pressive dealings with his debtors there. Dion Cassius,
lxii. 2.

8. toleraturum (esse se).

ac domi partam, i.e. and one acquired by the exercise
of his own talents in the peaceful art of eloquence;
others read diu partam, i.e. the acquisition of a long
life.
submitteret; supply ut; full phrase would be, per
haps, quam ita acturum (esse se) ut, &c.; others keep
the old reading, submittere, as accus. after toleraturum;
render, rather than humiliate an old position (reputa
tion) before an upstart of fortune.

XLIII. 1. Repertique, &c., i.e. and accusers were found

who brought charges of plundering the allies, &c.;
for direptos socios see on i. 8, occisus dictator, and cf. iv.
31, 5, on the fact.
2. annuam, &c., i.e. a year in which to collect their evi
dence; they would have to send to the province, Asia,
496 TACITI ANNALIUM XIII. [ch. xliii.

for this. So Cicero, against Verres, had ninety days

granted to him for collecting evidence in Sicily.
impetraverant, i.e. from the praetor.
urbana crimina, i.e. charges founded on his doings in
Rome.
3. Ii, nomin. to objectabant, below; for the participles
detrusum, actas, circumventos, damnata, see on i. 8, oc
cistus dictator.
accusationis, i.e. of Suillius, against Pomponius.
belli civilis, &c.; nothing is known of this.
Juliam ; see on ch. 32, 5.
Poppaeam; see xi. 2.
Asiaticum ; see xi. 1.
circumventos, i.e. their destruction by his contrivance.
jam, besides, lastly.
4. defendebat, said in his defence that, &c.
patris sui, &c., his father's (Claudius, by adoption)
note-books.

6, praetendi, by Suillius; the historical infin.

cur enim, why, it was asked, had Suillius alone been
chosen to lend his voice to the cruelties of a harlot?
7, parte, i.e. the half; so pars always in such cases.

XLIV. 1. pactus, i.e. receiving her promise to marry

him.

2. vacua, single, by divorce; see on ii. 76, 1.

eruere, &c., historical infinitives.
3. salutem, &c., i.e. vowing that he would die for her, if
she wished it.
$4. modum, &c., i.e. put a check on his passion.
xlvi.] NOTES. 497

6. in amore et ira, when lovers quarrel.

quasi istinc cessurus, i.e. when saying farewell. Others
read ex qua incensus, i.e. after which, in a fury, &c. :
others, atque statim incensus.
metuentem (Pontiam).
7, convincebatur (Octavius).
una, with Pontia.
8. Commoverat, i.e. to believe his declaration.
exempli, i.e. of devotion to his patronus.
9. abierat, &c.; because a magistrate could not be tried
during his term of office; and a tribunus plebis, espe
cially, was sacrosanctus.
lege de sicariis ; this was the lex Cornelia de sicariis
et veneficis, carried by Sulla in B.C. 81. The penalty
was, confiscation of all property, and banishment to an
island (omnium bonorum ademptio et insulae deportatio).

XLV. 1. Poppaei Sabini; see i. 80, and iv. 46.

honoribus, high offices of state.
2. mater ejus; Poppaea, xi. 2.
nec absurdum ingenium, i.e. nor was she wanting in
ability, without talent: cf. Sallust, Catiline, ch. 25, of
Sempronia, a passage imitated here; we may render,
she had no lack of wit.
modestiam, &c., i.e. she wore the mask of modesty, to
indulge wantonness.
3. Fama, &c., was ever reckless of character.
affectui...obnoxia, yielding to affection neither in her
self nor in others; unshackled by love in, &c.
XLVI. 1. accenderet (Neronem).
potentiam, influence, with Nero; ei, to Otho.
Kk
498 TACITI ANNALIUM XIII. [ch. xlvi.

2. auditus est, &c., i.e. praising her, as he got up from

Nero's table, and kept saying that he was going to her
the birth and beauty bestowed on himjoys that all
pray for, that the lucky have.
3. aditu, i.e. to Nero's palace.
valescere, gained influence over Nero.
imparem, &c., i.e. overcome by her passion for him.
amore, &c., abl. absol.; when it was fairly kindled.
matrimonium, &c., part with her husband.
devinctam, attached as she was.

4. Illum animo, &c., Otho, she said, was high in soul and
splendid in style.
ibi se visere, &c., with him she saw what was worthy
of, &c., i.e. princely manners and ways.

5. abjectum, &c., but what was low and mean: for Acte
see ch. 12.
contubernio; there could be no nuptiae with a slave or
a freedwoman, as Acte was; ancilla and servili being
used with the exaggeration of womanly spite.
$6. familiaritate, i.e. with Nero.
congressu, &c., and then from all association and at
tendance.
amulatus, acc. pl. after ageret, play the rival.
ex priore, after the fashion of, &c.
procar otii, wanton in a life of ease; Gr. genitive of
reference.
et potestatis, &c., but more discreet in the exercise of
power; he was afterwards emperor; see Class. Dict,
Otho, 4; civilia arma, above, of course refers to the con
test between Galba and Nero.
'-xlviii.] . NOTES. 1.99

XLVII. 1. Hactenus, &c., i.e. from this time forward he

did not try to conceal his debaucheries and crimes.
Syllam; husband of Antonia, the daughter of Clau
dius; ch. 23, 1.
interpretando, &c., i.e. and taking him to be a man
full of craft and deceit.
2. abusque, prepos. after case.
domum... edoctus, thoroughly versed in court-life.
celebris, masc. for celeber, in Tacitus; for pons Mul
vius, see Class. Dict, Roma, E. Bridges, 8.
3. regredienti (Neroni); for via Flaminia see Class.
Dict, Roma, ii. 2. It is evident from the plan in Class.
Dict, p. 647(facing), or Long's Classical Atlas, 9, that
this would be Nero's shortest way back to his palace
on the Mons Palatinus: he went back, however, round
through the park called Horti Sallustiani (Class. Dict,
Roma, xvii. 2.)
compositas (esse), &c., after ementitur (Graptus) below.
quia; i.e. the only foundation for this falsehood was
that, &c.
redeuntibus; from the Pons Mulvius, and along the
Via Flaminia.
inanem, &c., i.e. had given them a fright, by a pre
tended attack.

4, agnitus, i.e. amongst the party that played the trick.

XLVIII. 1. ordo; the Senate of Puteoli; see Class.

Dict, ad v. As a Roman colony it would have a con
stitution like that of Rome; see Liddell's Rome, ch. 27,
18. The members of the senate of a municipium or
colonia were called decuriones.
50,0 TACITI ANNALIUM XIII. [ch. xlviii.
primi cujusque, i.e. the extortion of all the chief men.
Others explain of the decem primi, or ten chief men,
among the decuriones, who acted as leaders of the
Senate.

2. necem et arma, massacre and conflict.

C. Cassius; cf. xii. 12, 1, 2, on his strictness; Class.
Dict., Cassius, 13.
3. Scribonios fratres; see Histories, iv. 41 : they were
Scribonius Proculus and Scrib. Rufus, and, according to
Dion Cassius, when they were governors of the two
Germanies, were sent for by Nero into Greece and put
to death.

XLIX. 1. vulgatissimum, i.e. very trivial.

arguendae, &c., for censuring his vote.
2. quibusque, &c., for iisque aliis, quibus, &c., i.e. and
whatever else concerns the stability of Rome; Romana,
neut. pl. for res Romana, or respublica.
suaderet, &c., (with quin), why did he not support or
oppose measures, they asked.
dicendae sententiae, i.e. on the motion (relatio) then
before the Senate.
qua vellent, expromere, i.e. to express their views on
any other subject: this was called egredi relationem;
see on ii. 38, 3.
relationemque, &c., and to demand that the question
be put with regard to them.
3. An, asking with surprise or indignation: was it, they
demanded, the only reform needed that, &c.
egregia, well managed.
4. summa (nomin. neut. pl.), &c., if the most important
matters were passed by with a discreet silence,
-].] NOTES. 501

abstinendum (esse), &c., ought they to leave trifles

alone?

5. ignarum (se), &c., that it was not from ignorance of

the actual state of things that he, &c.
dare (se), i.e. that he acted in it for, &c.

L. 1. crebris, abl, absol.; as there were, &c.

immodestiam, i.e. avaritiam.
omitti, i.e. aboleri.

2. docendo, by pointing out to him.

sequens (esse), it was a matter of course, they said,
that, &c. For vectigalia, portoria, tributa, see on i. 11,
6, and ii. 47, 4; for a discussion of the real meaning
of the abolition proposed, see Merivale, vol. vi. pp. 300
-303.

3. Plerasque, &c., very many companies for farming the

revenues had, they said, been, &c.: these societates con
sisted of equites, to whom the vectigalia were let at
a fixed price, for them to collect; see Dict. Antiq., pub
licanus; and Liddells Rome, ch. xxxvi. 12, 13.
acri, &c., abl. absol.; when freedom, &c., was even
then (still) at its height; implying, that the taxes were
not then objected to by a free people, and must not be
laid to the account of the present system of govern
Iment.

reliqua mor, &c., and that subsequent arrangements

were made merely that receipts and expenditure might
balance each other.

4. plane, must, of course, be, &c.

novis acerbitatibus; amongst the devices of the pub
licani for wringing money out of the tax-payers are
502 TACITI ANNALIUM XIII. [ch. l.

mentioned columnaria (taxes on pillars), ostiaria (on

doors), a tax on every head of slaves kept by a man,
and orders to furnish remiges, arma, frumentum, vectura,
and tormenta.

LI. 1. leges cujusque publici, the rules, conditions, of

each impost; i.e. both the terms agreed on between the
government and the publicani, as to what each tax was
to produce for the government, and a tariff of the duties
to be paid on each article: publicum is here = to 8mud
oriov, TeXavia.
omissas... resumerent, that after the expiry of a year
the tax-gatherers should not revive omitted claims (de
mand back-duty).
jura... redderent, should hold special courts, afford
summary jurisdiction (or, take such cases before all
others down on the cause-list); qui pro praetore aut (pro)
consule essent; see pp. 99, 100.
veno exercerent, trafficked in; see on ch. 35, 3, qua
stuosi.
frustra habita, were neglected.
2. quadragesimae; Smiths Dict. Antiq. shews that it is
probable that the quadragesima here mentioned was not
the portorium, or fortieth part of the value levied as duty
on imported goods, but a tax imposed by Caligula, of the
fortieth part of the value of all property respecting which
law-suits arose; for we never read, after Nero's time,
of the law-suit tax, while the Quadragesima of the Por
torium is mentioned down to the end of the empire.
quinquagesimae; it is not known what duty is meant
by this: it is supposed to be one of two per cent. put
by Caligula on eatables sold in the markets.
3. Temperata, i.e. had the burdens on it lightened, or,
-liii.] NOTES. 503

regulated: this seems to refer to the conveyance of corn

from Sicily, Egypt, Africa, &c., to Rome.
censibus, &c., should not be scheduled in the registers
(of their property).
tributumque, &c.; continue the negative: nor should
they pay, &c.

LII. 1. Africa; a province of the Senate; hence pro

consulare imperium; see pp. 99 (at bottom) and 100.
2. tempus ... testium ; see on ch. 43, 2.
defendi, i.e. to be arraigned, put on his defence.
3. ambitu, i.e. intrigues with the judges; they hoped to
get a place in the will of the rich orbus.

LIII. 1. pervulgatis, as they had become so common,

been bestowed for such trifling successes. Cf. iii. 48;
xi. 20.
si pacem, &c.; explaining ex eo.
3. ille, the former, Paulinus.
ante tres et sexaginta annos; Drusus (Class. Dict,
Drusus, 4.) had begun this in B.c. 9, the year of his
death, sixty-six years before; Tacitus, according to his
custom, goes back a year or two to fetch up the history
of affairs in Germany: on this agger, cf. Histories, v.
19, 3.
per mare, i.e. the Mediterranean, to the mouths of the
Rhone.
Oceanum; the German ocean.
itineris, i.e. the march by land.
4. Belgica; one of the provinces of Gaul beyond the
Alps, an imperial province; hence legatus; see p. 100.
aliena, i.e. his own, Belgica.
504 TACITI ANNALIUM XIII. [ch, liii.

affectaret, i.e. seek to draw to himself; cf. Histories,

iv. 17, 2, Galliarum societatem Civilis ... affectabat.
Jormidolosum, &c., i.e. would alarm Nero.
quo, &c., a fear (that of rousing the ruler's jealousy)
by which very often, &c.

LIV. 1. incessit, i.e. amongst the enemy.

ereptum (esse); i.e. by Nero.
2. saltibus, through the woods, &c.
lacus ; see on i. 60, 3.
ripa ; the right or German bank, of the Rhine. In
A.D. 47, eleven years previously, the Frisii had been
settled on territories assigned by Corbulo; xi. 19, 2.
agros... sepositos; the agri decumates, districts in Ger
many assigned to Roman soldiers, after the expulsion of
the old proprietors, subject to the payment of tithes
(decuma partes) of the produce.
regnantur, &c.; on the old German freedom, cf. Ger
mania, 7, 2.
4. Pompeii theatrum; Class. Dict., Roma, V., Theatres, 1.
5. ignari, &c., for, in their ignorance, they took no
pleasure in, &c.
consessum, &c., i.e. about the composition of the au
dience.
quis eques, which were the Knights.
quosdam cultu externo; they were ambassadors from
Parthia and Armenia.
virtute, valour.
6. impetus, &c., genit. and ablat. of description; as
a trait of old-fashioned frankness and honourable emu
lation.
lv.] NOTES. 505

LV. 1. validior: than the Frisii.

2. Aderat iis, supported their cause; the technical word
of a patronus pleading his client's cause.
3. Quotam, &c., what a small part, he said, of the ter
ritory that lay waste there was used to send on it some
times, &c.
transmitterentur, i.e. across the Rhine: he implies
that as the Romans only sometimes used a small part of
the territory in question, they could surely find room
there for a homeless tribe.

4. Servarent same receptos, &c. This is a passage of ex

treme difficulty, and consequently one which has re
ceived divers explanations. These are as follows. With
receptos is supplied agros, from campi above: let the
Romans keep, of course, (or, if they pleased, sane in its
usual concessive force,) lands which had been reserved
for flocks according to (or, during) the traditions of men
(i.e. such lands as have been so appropriated always,
wherever the report of men is to be obtained); only let
them not rather have a lonely waste than friendly
nations (dwelling on the soil): the agri recepti gregibus
would be of limited extent, and Boiocalus does not
complain of those lands being kept for Roman use; he
does complain that a vast territory not required for
flocks and herds should be kept without inhabitants,
when a friendly tribe is ready to occupy it. Another
explanation makes receptos refer to Ampsivarios, under
stood: let the Romans preserve them as a nation spoken
of by men (i.e. as a separate nation, with a name of
their own, not doomed to disappear from amongst the
nations for want of territories to live in) by receiving
them (receptos), if it must be so (sane, implying, if the
506 TACITI ANNALIUM XIII. [ch. lv.

Romans did not choose to give them separate terri

tories), amongst their flocks (i.e. letting them share the
land occupied, partly and occasionally, by the Roman
flocks): at all events let them not, &c. Others, again,
taking receptos of agros, as above, expl.; let the Romans
keep lands reserved for their flocks, only let it be where
human beings are, i.e. let them not banish human beings
from the soil, while they admit animals. Finally, it has
been proposed to read receptus (acc. pl.), places of re
treat, abodes, and famem (which one MS. has, written
over the other) for famam, i.e. (Boiocalus, speaking
with bitter sarcasm), of course (it would be quite un
reasonable to expect anything else) let them keep room
for flocks while human beings are dying of hunger (for
want of lands to till): only let them not (for their own
sakes), &c.; i.e. let them keep as much room as they
like for their flocks, but not all that vast territory; this
reading brings out forcibly the evident antithesis be
tween greges and homines.
$6. quasi coram, &c., as if in their personal presence he
asked them whether, &c.
superfunderent, i.e. rather than continue to look on
such a sight, let them (the heavenly powers) bring the
ocean surging on the fields to overwhelm the robbers of
lands.

LVI. 1, commotus, roused; we need not assign any

single definite feeling to the Roman general, of either
anger, or pity; he was moved by the words of Boiocalus
to an energetic and dignified reply.
meliorum, i.e. validiorum, potentiorum, like kpett
Tvay. - -
lvii.] NOTES. 507

placitum (esse), such was, he said, the will of the

gods to whom the Ampsivarii appealed.
2. daturum (esse se), i.e. to Boiocalus, in publicum being,
with regard to the general demand for lands,
3. deesse (potest, from next clause).
5, scripto, neut. abl. absol.; after writing.
superioris, &c., i.e. the army in Germania Superior;
see on i. 31, 1.
6, exterriti, i.e. out of alliance with the Ampsiv.
defendentibus, trying to avert, shrinking from, dangers
incurred in others' quarrels.
sola, left alone.
$ 7. errore, &c. (supply solo, below, with alieno), in weary
wanderings, as strangers, in want of bread, and finally,
as foes, their youth were slaughtered on a foreign soil.

LVII. 1. vi trahunt, in laying forcible claim to, con

tending for.
libidinem, &c., their propensity to settle all disputes
by fighting; they were the Irish of Germany.
religione, &c., there being a deeply-rooted religious
belief that, &c.
2. fusa, abl. absol, supply unda; but, when water has
been poured on, &c.
concretum, with salem provenire, above.
3. exitiosius, i.e. eo, or, tanto exit., all the more fatal
to, &c.
victores, &c., i.e. the Chatti vowed the opposing army
as victims to, &c., if they were conquerors: cf. Caesar
De bello Gallico, vi. 17.
Marti... Mercurio; see on ii. 12, 1, and cf. Histories,
508 TACITI ANNALIUM XIII. [ch. lvii.,

iv. 64. Mars represents a deity called Zio, and Mer

curius the god called Wodan or Odin : the vow was made
to both deities, the two givers of victory, and so every
captive and all the booty was doomed to destruction;
had the vow been made to one god only, one moiety of
the captives and booty would have been spared.
$4 mina... hostiles : this is expl. by some, their threats
(i.e. of the Chatti) against their foes (the Hermunduri)
turned to their own destruction, i.e. they were defeated,
and the Hermunduri immolated them. Others expl.,
and so the threats made by foes of Rome (the Chatti)
proved their ruin; but the friendly state of, &c.; for
Civitas Ubiorum see Class. Dict., Colonia Agrippina, and
xii. 27, above.
5. editi, issuing from, &c.
$6. non si (extinguere conarentur).
7, profana, soiled.
LVIII. Ruminalem arborem; the ficus Ruminalis, or fig
tree (at the foot of the Palatine Hill), on the root of
which, according to the legend, was carried ashore and
overturned the cradle in which Romulus and Remus
were exposed to the waters of the Tiber. The name ru
minalis is derived from rumis, an old word meaning the
same as mamma, a teat, according to Varro and Festus;
and it was said that the she-wolf found them, and first
gave them suck, under that tree.
octingentos, &c.; from the reputed foundation of Rome,
B.C. 754, to the present year of the Annals, A.D. 58, we
have 812 years; add to this 18 years, the age of Romu
lus and Remus at the foundation of Rome, according to
Livy and Dionysius, and we have only 830 years: it is
lviii.] NOTES. 509

evident that Tacitus has followed other authorities than

those now existing, as to the age of Romulus and Remus
when Rome was founded.
deminutam (esse), the fact that, &c., as nomin. to
habitum est, &c.
mortuis, &c., by the death of its branches and wither
ing of its trunk.
 LIB, XIV.

I. 1. scelus, i.e. the murder of his mother.

coalita audacia, abl. absol.; as his boldness had at
tained full growth in his long tenure of power; the abl.
absol. phrase is equivalent to audacior factus, hence the
connection by et with flagrantior.
incolumi, &c., abl. absol.; in her lifetime, while she
lived.
crebris, &c., supply adhibitis, i.e. besides making con
stant charges (against Agrippina), sometimes (also) in
jest, &c.
incusaret; subj. because qua is = quippe qual.
indigeret; the subj, follows qui, because the relative
clause explains the reason of, and is attached to, the
predicate, pupillum; a mere ward, in that, &c. It may,
indeed, be expl. as subj. of indirect speech; for that (as
she said), in his subservience to others' orders he was
more a slave than a prince. What follows is in the
usual indirect speech, giving the substance of her re
proaches: why was their marriage delayed ? it was her
person she supposed (this with a sneer) that, &c.
2. triumphales avos; she speaks with an exaggeration
like that of Hortalus in ii. 37, calling his children pro
genies tot consulum, tot dictatorum ; she had one tri
umphalus avus, her avus maternus, Poppaeus Sabinus,
iv. 46; xiii. 45.
an, or was it, &c.
fecunditatem; she had a son by Rufius Crispinus,
ch. ii.] inTES. 511

and, glancing at Octavia's sterility, was of course aware

that Nero greatly desired an heir; in verum animum,
her sincere affection, she hints that Octavia had no such
feeling for Nero.
3. Timeri, &c.; no! his fear was that a wife at any rate,
(i.e. if no one else dared, as it seemed, to do it) would,
&c.; injurias patrum refers to their complaints of Agrip
pina's arrogance towards them; matris is, of a mother.
$ 4. reddatur, subj, for imperat, of direct speech; then let
her (Poppaea), &c.
Othonis conjugio; xiii. 45, 46.
$ 5. Ituram (esse se), she would go to the ends of the
earth (she cried).
imperatoris, endured by the prince.
6, penetrantia, making their way, as they did, to Nero's
heart, by means of, &c.
prohibebat, imperf, tried to stop.

II. 1. medio diei, this would be epula tempestiva, to

Roman notions; see on xi. 37, 2.
2. Senecam; depending on tradit, above.
deferret, i.e. warned Nero.
3. disjectum (esse), was thwarted.
4. Lepido; see Class. Dict, Lepidus AEmilius 14; he
was first cousin to this Agrippina, as her mother, Agrip
pina, and his mother, Julia, were sisters; see Class.
Dict, Lepidus AEmilius, 11, and Julia, 6: he was also
her brother-in-law, by marriage to her sister Drusilla.
spe dominationis; Caligula, we learn from Dion Cas
sius (59, 22), promised to leave the empire to him.
Pallantis, of a Pallas. -
512 TACITI ANNALIUM XIV. [ch. ii.

patrui, &c., by marriage with an uncle: she was thus

already a proficient in incest.

III. 1. congressus, &c., i.e. private interviews with her.

Tusculanum, &c.; Class. Dict, Tusculum, Antium;
agrum is estate, country-seat.
lacesseret, &c., for courting retirement; the word im
plies the trying of something new, as otium was to the
intriguing, meddling, Agrippina.
2. haberetur, &c., wherever she resided.
hactenus, &c., i.e. only hesitating as to the means,
whether, &c.
3. tali, &c., abl. absol.; as he had already died in that
way.
atque, and more than all; its usual force.
remedia, antidotes. In Class. Dict, Mithridates, 6,
vi., we read: hereupon he took poison: ... but his
constitution had been so long inured to antidotes, that
it did not produce the desired effect, and he was com
pelled to call in the assistance of one of his Gaulish
mercenaries to dispatch him with his sword.
$ 5. ingenium, &c., proposed an ingenious scheme, or,
offered the aid of his ingenuity.
classi, &c.; see iv. 5, 1.
6, per artem soluta, artificially detached.
7. Nihil, &c., there was nothing, (he said,) so rich in
accidents, &c.
intercepta sit (Agrippina).
cetera, &c., all else to shew a son's affectionate regret.
IV. 1. Quinquatruum, &c.; the five-day festival, begin
ning March 19th, Horace calls it Quinquatrus festas,
iv.] NOTES. 513

Epp. ii. 2, 197; see Smith's Lat. Dict, or Dict. Antiq.

It was, to schoolboys, like our Easter holidays.
frequentabat (Nero).
2. animum; this is expl. variously, as of Nero's and
his mother's; of Nero's it would be animus parentis
iracundiis irritatus.
acciperet, i.e. the invitation to Baiae.
ad gaudia, as to glad tidings.
3. Venientem (Agrippinam).
dehinc, accordingly.
obvius in litora, i.e. going down to the sea-shore to
meet her.
Baulos; the villa belonged formerly to Hortensius;
then it came into the possession of the imperial family,
and belonged at one time to Antonia, mother of the Em
peror Claudius. In the fourth century it belonged to
Q. Aurelius Symmachus, who tells us in one of his
Epistles that its name had been corrupted into Boaulia ;
some remains of it still exist.

$4. Baianum lacum; commonly called lacus Lucrinus, as

in ch. 5, 7, below.
flexo mari; i.e. the place was situated on a point of
land breaking the line of the coast.
5 triremi; cf. Horace, Odes, iii. 1, 1.39, arata triremi,
of a rich man's private yacht.
classiariorum, regular sailors, men-of-war's men; not
the common rowers, who were generally slaves. She
had classiarii in honour of her rank.

6. Ac tum, and besides; and, more than all, &c.; i.e. as

the last and chief point of the plot.
gestamine sellae, i.e. sella gestatoria, sedan-chair.
Ll
514 TACITI ANNALIUM XIV. [ch. iv.,

Baias; a necessary correction for the MS. reading,

Baulos. The order of events was this. Nero was stay
ing at Baiae : Agrippina, invited to Baiae, went from
Antium to Bauli by sea, was met by Nero there, and
conducted to the villa; declining, from information she
had received, to go on to Baiae in the navis ornatior
provided for her, she went by land to Baiae, and, re
assured by her son's caresses, started after the banquet
for Bauli in the fatal vessel.
$ 7. superque ipsum collocata, i.e. at table. In the arrange
ment of the nine guests on the imus, medius, and sum
mus lectus placed on three sides of the square Roman
table, the place of honour was the first corner-place on
the medius lectus, next to, and above (going from imus to
summus lectus) the host, who was in the first place of
imus lectus; see Macleane's Horace (Grammar School
Classics), note on Satires, ii. 8. 20, for diagram. So
there, v. 23, we find that Nomentanus was placed super
ipsum (the host), though not in the place of honour. In
iii. 14, 2, above, at a banquet given by Germanicus, we
find the chief guest, Piso, placed super eum, above the
host, as we should expect.
$8. Nam pluribus sermonibus, with tracto...convictu, below;
for Nero, after prolonging the banquet by varied dis
course (in abundant converse), sometimes, &c.; nam is
used as introducing the explanation of blandimentum, &c.,
above.
adductus= serio vultu ac sermone; a metaphor from
the tightened reins of horses; cf. xii. 7, 6, adductum...
servitium; Histories, iii. 7,2, adductius...imperitabat; and
Suetonius, Tiberius, 68, adductu.fere vultu plerumque
tacitus.
v.] NOTES. 515

oculis; supply aspiciens; intently gazing with his

eyes, closely clinging to her breast. Others, however,
expl. it, covering with kisses her eyes and her bosom;
for Suetonius, Nero, 34, writesin digressu papillas
quoque exosculatus, and Dion Cassius, lxi. 13, pixgas
ical t upata kal ts Xeipas.
explenda, &c., by way of crowning his hypocrisy; for
the abl., see on iii. 19, 2, ulciscenda.

W. 2. cubitantis (Agrippinae), &c., i.e. lying on the same

couch with her, at her feet.
ruere, &c., the roof of the cabin fell in, being loaded
with lead.
pressus = oppressus.

3. eminentibus, &c.; this refers to the four upright sides

of the berth in the saloon, where they were lying down;
the sides of a lectus on board ship were made higher
than in a cubiculum on land, to provide against the roll
of the vessel.

$4. dissolutio navigii; see on ch. 3, 6.

sequebatur, come off, succeed; according to the ar
rangement.
ignari, &c., i.e. most of the crew, being ignorant of
the plot.
5 ipsis (consciis erat).
Jactus, &c.; thus the vessel, though it was tipped
over, shot them out with comparatively little violence.
6. imprudentia, through her own rashness, or, heed
lessly; she did not reflect that it might be perilous to
be taken for Agrippina, after what had occurred.
516 TACITI ANNALIUM XIV. [ch. v.

7 occursu, &c., through falling in with some fishing

craft.
villae sue; at Bauli; see on 4, 4, above.

VI. 1. quodque, &c., and the fact that, &c., after re

putans.
summa sui parte, &c., had fallen to pieces in its upper
works.
machinamentum ; here, of a theatrical structure, meant
to fall to pieces in particular scenes, such as a fire, the
falling of buildings, &c.
remedium, &c., it was, she concluded, her single chance
against treachery, that she should not see it; intellexit
is generally supplied here, on account of -que in mi
situe.
fortuna ejus, i.e. Neronis; she flatters him by ascribing
her safety to his lucky star.
2. testamentum, &c.; she knew, no doubt, that she was
there named heir.
bona, i.e. valuables; such as rings, pearls, &c., that
Acerronia had taken with her from Antium to Bauli.
non per simulationem, &c., in this alone acting without
hypocrisy; she could disguise anger, suspicion, fear;
her avarice, never.

VII. 1. et hactenus, &c., and that, too, after incurring

risk just so far that the plotter could not be doubted ;
71e = ut non.

2. objiciendo, i.e. while charging him with, &c.

amicos; Gallus and Acerronia; ch. 5, 2.
quod contra subsidium (esse) sibi, what resources, he
demanded, had he against her?
-vii.] NOTES, 517

ignaros, &c.; it seems that we ought either to read

gnaros, and then et means, even, and the meaning is,
and who were suspected of being already acquainted
with the plot, or else to omit et, which with ignaros has
no meaning, and expl., and about whose previous igno
rance some have expressed doubts.
3. irriti, &c., that they might make no vain remon
StranceS.

an eo descensum (esse), &c., or else they thought mat

ters had reached such a point, that, &c.
praeveniretur, i.e. were killed first.
4, hactenus promptius (egit) ut, &c., i.e. so far took the
initiative as to look at Burrus, as if (ac si for perinde ac
si) enquiring whether, &c.
5. perpetraret, let him, &c.; for Anicetus, see ch. 3. 5.
summam sceleris, i.e. to be allowed to complete, &c.
7. audito, neut. abl. absol., agreeing with rest of clause;
on hearing that, &c.
scenam ultro, &c., actually devises a pretext for a
charge (against Agrippina), gets up a farce in order to
accuse her; ultro in its usual sense, where a man goes
beyond all that might be expected from him; he was
not satisfied, while plotting his mothers murder, to
wait for its accomplishment: he did more, he went the
length of charging her with a plot to kill him: we may
render, he contrives a plot to lay treason upon her
shoulders.
mandata perfert, i.e. delivers his message to Nero;
see ch. 6. 1, misitgue libertum Agerinum, qui nuntiaret
filio, &c.
molitam (esse), after confingeret,
518 TACITI ANNALIUM XIV. [ch. viii.

VIII. 1. quasi, with the representation that, &c.

decurrere; nomin. is omnes, implied in ut quisque.
2. molium objectus, i.e. moles objectas, the piers jutting
out to sea; cf. Virgil, AEneid, ix. 710, and Horace,
Odes, ii. 18, ll. 19 sqq.; also iii. 1, 34, and Macleane's
notes.

ad gratandum, &c., i.e. they hurried to her villa to

offer their congratulations.
$ 4, modicum lumen, i.e. a single lamp.
anaia, &c., abl. absol.
memo, &c., supply venisset.
fore lateret; a hopelessly corrupt passage; the read
ing ferre litora makes sense; the passage is in indirect
speech, explaining the anxia Agrippina; the shores (i.e.
lately filled with a joyous crowd) bore another aspect
now, &c.
solitudinem, i.e. her being left by her attendants; or,
being abandoned by the crowd.
strepitus; i.e. of the soldiers breaking in, refracta
janua, 3, above.
5 respicit, i.e. as she turns her head, she sees.
centurione classiario (here an adj.), captain of a ship.
venisset, &c., if, she cried, Anicetus had come to, &c.,
let him tell Nero she was, &c.
imperatum (esse a filio).
IX. 1. consensu (scriptorum).
Aspereritne, as to whether (the enclitic -ne), &c.
2. convivali, i.e. instead of a regular lectus funebris.
congesta, &c., i.e. over her ashes; no regular tomb
was made and stone (cippus) erected; clausa humus does
not mean that the bones were left visible, as we have
-x.] NOTES. 519

tumulum below, but that the regular ceremonies follow

ing upon the burning were not observed.
$ 5, multos ante annos; this was just after his birth.

X. 1. demum, &c., i.e. then, and not till then, did its
atrocity flash upon him.
2. prima, &c., i.e. was the first thing that gave him
assurance of safety.
discrimen, &c., i.e. that most unlooked-for danger,
a mother's treason.

$4. diversa, of an opposite kind to theirs; they were

sorry, and pretended to be glad; he glad, and affected
grief.
infensus, &c., i.e. hating a life saved at such a price.
5 hominum vultus, &c., i.e. the scene of his crime could
not change its looks, like the courtiers, to flatter him.
(Merivale.) There is a double antithesis, between ho
mines and loca, and between vultus and facies. Vultus
is susceptible of change, facies unvarying. The vultus
of a locality would differ in spring and in winter; its
facies, its actual physical conformation, remaining the
same always.
obversabaturque, &c., and that sea, that shore, wore
for him the dread look of an accuser.
sonitum tubae; the tuba funebris, trumpet blown at
funerals; Smith's Lat. Dict., buccina; Horace, Satires,
i. 6, 44, (Macleane's note); Persius, iii. 103.
repertum (esse); see ch. 7, 7.
luisse paenam (eam is, Agrippina), had paid the penalty
(i.e. by self-inflicted death) at the bidding of the same
guilty conscience, with which, &c.
520 TACITI ANNALIUM XIV. [ch. xi

XI. S. 1. longius repetita, quod, &c., farther fetched (out

of her past life), as that, &c.
juraturasque ... in verba; see i. 7, note 3.
frustra, &c.; read frustrata sit, when she was dis
appointed in that.
donativum, &c.; see on xii. 41, 3.
periculaque, &c.; i.e. by the accusations of delatores,
cf. xiii. 1, 1.
2. Quanto, &c., with what trouble (he wrote), had he
managed that she should not, &c.; see xiii. 5, 2, 3.
extinctam (esse eam), declaring that it was by the
blessing that rested upon Rome that, &c.
3. Namque, &c.; namque refers to what was impudently
urged about fortuna publica.
missum (esse), that a single assassin was, &c.
$4. anteibat, transcended, or, was beyond the reach of.
adverso, &c., lay under public censure.
oratione; for oratio, of a letter, see on iii. 57, 1.
confessionem, i.e. of Agrippina's having been mur
dered by Nero; for Seneca's part in Nero's speeches,
&c., see on xiii. 3, 2 sqq.

XII. 1. certamine, i.e. competition in baseness.

Quinquatrus; see on ch. 4, 1.
insidia, i.e. the (pretended) plot against Nero.
ludis, i.e. scenicis or circensibus; there was already
a show of gladiators at the festival.
Minerva; because the Quinquatrus was in her honour.
2. exiit ... senatu, see xvi. 21.
3. irrita, i.e. followed by no consequences.
$4. Jam sol, &c.; for jam, see on ch. 32, 2, below.
xiii.] NOTES. 521

regiones, &c., the fourteen quarters (or wards, dis

tricts) of Rome; this was the whole number; cf. on iii.
44, 1; see esp. Class. Dict., Roma, B.
5 sine cura deum, &c.; as those did, it was believed by
the superstitious, which happened before the death of
Claudius, and portended it.
multos, nine.
6. eaque demota, abl. absol.; and prove that, &c., now
that she was got rid of.
Juniam (Calvinam); xii. ch. 4, 8.
Calpurniam ; xii. 22.
prafectura; praetura is prob. correct; it would be
prafecturis, as there were the praefectura annonae, urbis,
classium, &c.
$ 7. Lollia Paulinae; xii. 22.
Iturium, &c., xiii. 22.
$ 8. Silana; xiii. 19, 22.
labante, i.e. in her power.

XIII. 1. Cunctanti (Neroni), with deterrimus quisque...

disserunt, below.
quonam modo, &c., with anxio, below, i.e. doubtful as
to his reception in Rome.
coram, in person, face to face.
2. pragredi; i.e. in order to feel the popular pulse.
promptiora (studia), a more decided popularity.
obvias tribus; cf. Histories, ii. 12, and Livy, xxiii,
7, 6.
gradus, &c., i.e. rows of seats (in the streets) for spec
tators.
qua incederet, on the line of his march.
522 TACITI ANNALIUM XIV. [ch. xiii

3. publici servitii victor, conqueror of a people of slaves:

not, as in a real triumph, of Rome's foreign foes; reducer
of a people to slavery.
male corcitas, though but feebly checked hitherto.
qualiscunque; if nomin, slight as it was; if genit.,
bad as she was.

XIV. 1. copia; read cupido.

curriculo, &c.; he wished to exhibit himself as a
charioteer at the circus.

ludicrum, adj., in theatrical style.

regium, &c.; as by Hercules, Achilles, &c.; see Iliad,
ix. 186 sqq., of Achilles.

2. Enimvero, &c.; indeed singing, he said, was, &c.

tali ornatu, i.e. lyre in hand.
praescium; as being the god of oracles.
3. utraque; i.e. chariot-driving and music; they re
garded the charioteering as the less disgraceful; utraque
is variously expl. as utraque libido, and as acc. pl. neut.
for utrumque.
valle Vaticana; beyond the Tiber, between the Mons
Vaticanus and Mons Janiculus; see Long's Classical
Atlas, 9, and Class. Dict., Roma, F. iv., Circi, 3. It
was a private circus, in fact.
spectaculo, &c., abl. absol.; without making a public
show of it.

4. ultro vocari, was actually summoned to see him; see

on ch. 7, 7, for ultro.

5. ratusque (Nero).
fato, &c., men in not naming whom, though dead,
-xy.] NOTES. 523

I think I give their ancestors their due; I ought to pay

their ancestors the compliment of not naming.
$6. Nam et ejus, &c., besides, the guilt is his, &c.; or,
his, too, is the guilt (besides the money that procured
it).
me delinquerent, to prevent offences.
nisi quod, &c., correcting the use of the word donis;
see Juvenal, viii. 192 sqq., on the fact.

XV. 1. publico theatro; the Theatrum Pompeii; Class.

Dict., Roma, F. W. Theatres, 1.
dehonestaretur, &c., that he might not yet disgrace
himself by (performing in), &c.
juvenalium; cf. xv. 33, 1.
in quos, &c., i.e. as performers in which. The Juve
malia was held within the palace. At the institution of
the new festival, probably when Nero was twenty years
old, his beard was clipped, and the hair put in a golden
casket, and dedicated to Jupiter in the Capitol; Dion,
lxi. 19.

2. acti honores, the fact of having borne high offices.

modos, &c., i.e. improper songs, carmina lasciva.
3. deformia, &c., practised unseemly parts, i.e. dances,
&c. Dion tells us that one old lady (of rank), eighty
years old, danced.
navali stagno; see on xii. 56, 1. It was a sort of
Cremorne that was thus established by Nero; drinks and
viands were distributed to the populace, and all comers,
gentle and simple, received a ticket for refreshments
(stips, a gift of small coin), which good men used be
cause compelled, while the profligate made a boast of the
524 TACITI ANNALIUM XIV. [ch. xv.,

thing, i.e. either boasting of the prince's munificence or

pretending it was their own money.
luxui, debauchery.
$4. nec ulla moribus, &c., nor did ever any sewer of vice
infuse more licentiousness into public morals long de
based, than that vile mixed herd of Nero's; colluvies
is expl. of the promiscuous assemblage of men and
women of all ranks.

5. artibus homestis, by good examples, virtuous train

ing.

6. Postremus; i.e. after the men and women of rank

had so degraded themselves.
tentans, tuning.
assistentibus, &c., preluding to his attendant courtiers.
7. Facies, as a show; i.e. to add splendour to the spec
tacle there were also present, &c.
marens, 4-c., i.e. grieving for his master's shame,
while he praised his skill; disguising the sob of
shame with ejaculations of applause, (Dr. Merivale).
$8. Augustanorum ; Suetonius (Nero, 20) informs us that
this strange association was divided into classes (fac
tiones), trained to give applause in different styles,
called bombi, buzzing (the swell's hum); imbrices, the
hollow-handed clap (Smith's Lat. Dict, imbrex); and
testa, the flat-hand clap (Smiths Lat. Dict, testa,
ad fin.); they were assisted by five thousand youths
of the lower class, of vigorous lungs and hard hands.
pars ingenio procaces; i.e. some of them joined the
body from a spirit of licence, wanton disposition.
$9. dem vocabulis, by terms only befitting gods; Sueto
 xvi.] NOTES. 525

nius (Nero, 21) writes that these people spoke of Nero's

voir coelestis, and called him Apollo; also handsome Caesar,
Augustus, and swore by him, as by a god, (Dion, lxi. 20).
"gere, historical infin.; they lived, &c., as if they
had earned it by merit.

XVI. 1. ludicra, &c., only in a theatrical way.

"actis (is) quibus (erat), i.e. assembling at the
palace those who had, &c.; supply carmina with pan
gendi.
"ee dum insignis, i.e. whose skill (style) was not well
known; otherwise the public would have recognised it,
and not taken the trash for Nero's own, as he wished.
2. AEtatis nati; the passage is corrupt; omit these words,
and read hi considere, &c.
allatos, &c., i.e. brought ready made, or composed on
the spot.
ipsius verba, &c., i.e. filled up his own imperfect
measures, keeping his expressions, good or bad (quoquo
modo, &c.): others expl., patched them (i.e. their own
verses) on to the emperor's effusions, however crude
they might be.
$3, species ipsa carminum, &c.; Seneca quotes one;
Colla Cytheriacae splendent agitata columba; Pliny the
Elder tells us that Nero in a poem called Poppaea's
hair, sucina, amber.
mon impetu, &c., which does not flow with an energy
and inspiration of its own, (species, the style), nor, as it
were, from one fountain-head; they have no unity of
style or meaning.
sapientia, &c., professional sages, philosophers.
*que contraria, &c.; hopelessly corrupt passage; the
526 TACITI ANNALIUM XIV. [ch. xvi.

sense required is that Nero's object was to be amused

by the disputes of these worthy men, as a dessert after
a hearty meal: it has been proposed to read, ut con
traria asseverantium discordia erueretur, that a squabble
might arise between the maintainers of opposite views.
Orelli's suggestion, ut qui contraria asseverantium dis
cordia (abl.) recrearetur, is not amiss.
ore vultuque; os, generally the face itself, (so facies,
the features), vultus, the expression of it; vultus is said
to mean especially the looks, as we say, with regard to
the expression of the eye; it is, perhaps, derived from
vol, the root of volo; Cicero says that no animal but
man has vultus, and that it is imago animi and sermo
quidam tacitus mentis. Os and vultus are often joined:
in Agricola, ch. 44, we have, nihil metus in vultu,
gratia oris supererat.
spectari, &c., i.e. to be seen contributing to their
masters amusement.

XVII. 1. Nucerinos; Class. Dict, Nuceria, 1.

colonos; Pompeii was a municipium; see Liddell's
Rome, ch. 27, sections 12, 13, for coloniae and municipia;
Nuceria received colonies both from Augustus and
Nero.

Livineius Regulus; iii. 11.

rettuli ; in one of the lost books.
2. oppidana, usual in provincial towns.
sumpsere; from this supply jacere with probra and
80%a.

3. urbem, Rome; oppidum is, generally, a town other

than Rome, which is urbs, as we say, the City, of London.
The wounded were taken to Rome in order to accuse
xix.] NOTES. 527

the people of Pompeii, and excite compassion by their

State.

4. relata, i.e. when a report of it was made to, &c.

publice, in the name of the state, with prohibiti; by
public authority, a Senatus-consultum.
collegiaque, &c., Ulpianus, in the Digest, quisquis
illicitum collegium usurpaverit, ea paena tenetur, qua
tenentur, qui hominibus armatis loca publica vel templa
occupasse judicati sunt, and in inscriptions referring to
these associations or clubs are constantly found the
words quibus ex S. C. (Senatus-consulto) coire licet,
as we might say, licensed to meet by Act of Parlia
ment.

XVIII. 1. pretio, &c., had been unfairly influenced by

bribery and intrigue; i.e. he gave exemptions from ser
vice under these influences.

2. usum, &c., i.e. an ex-praetor.

Apioni; see Class. Dict., Ptolemaus, III. Kings of
other countries, 2.

$4. usurpata, &c., i.e. made them a present of the lands

they had occupied.

XIX. 1. foro, with celebris (masc. in Tacitus, for celeber,

as ii. 88, ad fin.), i.e. long renowned at the bar; for
Servilius, see vi. 31, 1, and De Oratoribus, xxiii. 2;
Quintilian, x. 1, 102; Pliny, Epistles, i. 13.
tradendis, &c., i.e. as a writer of history.
quam (vitam) clariorem effecit (Servilius), &c., i.e. by
the fact of his being ut par, &c.; diversus, opposite,
implying his superiority, as of Domitius Afer we
528 TACITI ANNALIUM XIV. [ch. xix

read in iv. 52, 8, prosperiore eloquentia quam morum

Jama fuit.

XX. 1. quinquennale ludicrum; quinquennalia, i.e. cele

brated, after the fashion of Greek festivals (revraerm
pes), at the end of every four years; these games,
called Neroniana, included musical, gymnastic, and
equestrian contests, and in this programme consisted
the novelty; Suetonius, Nero, 12. It is called lustrale
certamen in xvi. 4, 1.
varia fama, abl.; variously criticised, as novelties
generally are.
2. ferrent, declared, alleged.
mansuram, &c., a permanent theatre: see Class. Dict,
Roma, F. W. Theatres, 1 ; indirect speech follows, to the
end of the chapter.
3. gradibus, &c., extemporised rows of seats.
solitos (esse), were wont, they said, to, &c.
repetas, &c., i.e. go further back.
4. servarelur, subj, for imperat. of direct speech; let the
old style, &c., be kept (they demanded), as was the case
whenever the praetors exhibited games, in which no
citizen was obliged to compete.
5. accitam, &c., imported extravagances.
quod usquam, &c., everything in the world that can
suffer or cause corruption; every kind of vice and
vicious people.
studiis, &c., through foreign tastes.
polluantur; subj.gov. by ut, so that, above; render,
while nobles of Rome, under the name of poets and
orators (or, on pretence of fostering eloquence and
poetry), degrade themselves on the stage.
-xxi.] NOTES. 529

7, justitia, &c.; read justitiam augurii, i.e. justa officia

augurii, which, after explere, means, duly take the
auguries and enter on office.
An... expleturos (esse), would young men (it was asked)
undertake magistracies, and would the commissions of
knights fulfil their noble office in public trials, because,
&c. Others take decurias as accus. after expleturos,
would they fill up, &c., and then munus, &c., is taken in
apposition with decurias; for decurias, see on iii. 30, 2.
Jractos, languishing, effeminate.
perite, with a critic's ear.
XXI. 2. non abhorruisse, &c.; the usual indirect speech,
as far as occultari queat; even our ancestors (they urged),
were not disinclined to, &c.
pro fortuna, &c., in a style suitable to their existing
circumstances.
accitos (esse), were imported from Etruria; Livy,
vii. 2.
a Thuriis; cf. Livy, i. 35, ludicrum fuit equi... ex
Etruria... acciti.
Achaia, abl. absol.; Greece, the Roman province.
curatius, i.e. in a theatre and on a stage arranged in
the Greek style.
nec quemquam, &c., i.e. without any well-born Roman's
having, &c. -

ducentis, &c.; exactly, 204 years; Mummius tri

umphed de Achaeis et Corinthiis in B.C. 145.
3. consultum (esse), &c.; but, besides, it had been from
regard to economy, that, &c.
perpetua sedes, &c.; see ch. xx. 2, mansuram, &c.
consurgeret, &c.; this is expl. of the external building,
strueretur of the internal fittings.
M lll
530 TACITI ANNALIUM XIV. [ch. xxi.

4. Nec perinde, i.e. and not as in former times would, &c.

5. judici grave (esse), &c., nor was it injurious (they con
tended) to any judge; referring to what was said by the
objectors above, ch. 20, 7 (see note).
6. Laetitia magis, &c., rather to mirth than to wantonness
were devoted (they said) those few, &c.
ignium, &c., owing to the blaze of so many lights.
$ 7. Sane; the usual concessive force; it must be ad
mitted that, &c.
studia plebis; cf. xiii. 25, 4; the mob took more in
terest in pantomimi and histriones, and could not be
roused by such competitions as this to any angry par
tisanship.
$ 8, primas (partes), first prize: there was none given.
tum exoleverant, i.e. were laid aside, when the festival
was over; they were worn, by order, during the festival,
to favour the illusion of the spectacle.

XXII, 2. Rubellius Plautus; see on xiii. 19, 3.

3. placita, maxims, or, habits.
casta, &c., abl. of description; living a pure life in
the retirement of home.
metu, c., and the more obscure he kept himself from
fear (of Nero's jealousy).
$4. Auxit, &c.; the public talk was increased by the ex
planation, arising in like superstitious folly, which was
put on, &c.
Simbruina stagna; three mountain-lakes, formed by
the Anio, near its source; near the little town called
Sublaqueum was the Villa Sublacensis, where Nero was
-xxiii.] NOTES. 531

rusticating on this occasion; see on xi. 13, 2, for the

Simbruini colles; cui must agree with loco understood.
hunc illum, &c., that this was the man marked out
by, &c., i.e. as successor to Nero.
praecolere, &c., whose interested and, often, short
sighted policy it is to be the first to take up men of
rising and yet doubtful fortunes.
5. consuleret, i.e. begging him to, (to the effect that he
should) &c.
Antistia; daughter of L. Vetus Antistius, xvi. 10,
where she is called Pollutia. Either, therefore, her
name had been changed by adoption, or Antistia here is
wrong; in this passage no name is required at all.
6, aquae Marcia ; see Class. Dict., Roma, xiv., Aque
ducts, 3.
carimoniam, sanctity; cf. iii. 61, ad fin. ; springs were
held sacred; Pliny, Epistles, viii. 8, speaks of one part
of the Clitumnus where boats were allowed to go, but no
bathing was permitted; and in Ep. xx. states that in the
Vadimonis Lacus (sacer enim est) no vessel even was
allowed.
corpore loto; in the bathing of the whole body con
sisted the great pollution; cf. Horace, Satires, i. 5, 24,
where the washing of hands and face is allowed in the
spring of the goddess Feronia; the fons aqua Marcia
was for drinking onlypotus sacros.
anceps valitudo, i.e. a fit of illness which attacked
Nero.

XXIII. 1. Corbulo; cf. xiii. 41.

utendum (esse), that he had better take advantage of:
segmem, &c., cowards in presence of danger
532 TACITI ANNALIUM XIV, [ch. xxiii.--

infidam, &c., when chances for treachery arise.

3. diversis artibus; supply usus to make Latin syntax;
in such Tacitean sentences the end does not correspond
with the beginning; else for immitis we should have
a noun in the abl., like misericordia, &c.

XXIV. 1. ut nullis, &c. ... ita, though, on the one hand,

they suffered from no, &c., yet, &c.
carne pecudum, &c.; not much of a privation to the
beef-loving Briton; but the Roman soldier liked his
corn regularly; cf. Caesar, De Bello Gallico, vii. 17.
2. plura quam, &c.; two constructions are mixed, the
abl. after comparative (without quam) and quam with
the nomin.; plura means, nay, more,
toleranti, abl., for the more usual, in -e.
3. coguntur, i.e. are reduced by blockade.
4. vitavit (Corbulo).
$6. Tigranocerta, here abl. sing, fem.; sent from, &c.:
above, ch. 23, 1, it is neut. pl.: both forms occur in
Greek.
coronam auream; cf. ii. 57, 5.
7. Accepitgue (legatos).
integri, if left with unimpaired rights; i.e. that, in
return for indulgence, &c.

XXV. 1. legerat; this is nonsense; read regium.

praesidium, the citadel; cf. iii. 21, 2.
Jeror, high-spirited, resolute, intrepid.
pro muris ; here, outside the works; see on ii. 81, 1,
where the sense is different.
-xxvii.] NOTES. 533

demum, &c., i.e. not till earthworks were thrown up

against them and our troops poured into the place did
they yield; for agger, in besieging, see iv. 49, 2, and
Long's Caesar, De Bello Gallico, ii. 30, on vineis actis.
2. attineri, &c., pointing to the fact that Vologeses
(Rome's enemy) (see Class. Dict., Arsaces, 23) was
being occupied by them, as a proof of their friendship
(to Rome).

XXVI. 1. praemisso, &c., with subegit (Corbulo) below.

legionibus citis, i.e. advancing with the legions (op
posed to auxilia, auxiliary troops) by forced marches.
Tigranes; see xv. 1.
Archelai; ii. 42, 2.
urbm, Rome.
3. Additum, i.e. was given to Tigranes.
$4. ut cuique, &c., according as, &c.

XXVII. 1. Laodicea; Class. Dict, Laodicea, 1.

2. oppidum ...jus coloniae; see Dict. Antiq., colonia, and
Liddell's Rome, ch. xxvii. 1315.
Puteoli jus coloniae... apiscuntur; in Livy, xxxiv. 42,
however, we have Puteolos... ascripti coloni; Frontinus,
too, writes, Puteoli colonia Augusta: Augustus dedurit.
It was colonised, then, by Nero, for the third time: de
caying colonia were thus refreshed by additions.
cognomentum, &c. : some coloniae, from vanity, re
quested to have conferred on them the ruler's name;
in Orellis Latin Inscriptions is found, Colonia Julia
Concordia Augusta Felix Beneventum; after Nero's death,
as another inscription informs us, this colonia became
534 TACITI ANNALIUM IV. [ch. xxvii

Colonia Flavia Augusta Puteoli, under Vespasian (T.

Flavius Sabinus Vespasianus).
3. Tarentum; this was made a colonia in B.C. 122.
Antium; for this as a colonia, see Class. Dict, ad v.
ascripti, (governing accus, as Livy, xxxi. 49, colonos
Venusiam ascripserunt) enrolled for, &c.; cf. xiii. 31, 2,
and Horace, Odes, iii. 4, 38 (Macleane's note).
dilapsis, &c., because they had friends and connexions
where they had served, and had carried on business
there as negotiatores, &c.
4, deducebantur, i.e. to found colonia.
sui cujusque ordinis, lit. of their own particular cen
turia, i.e. with soldiers belonging severally to their own,
&c.; cujusque agrees idiomatically with sui, instead of
our having quibusque with militibus : so Cicero, de
J'inibus, v. 17, quia in corpore et in animo sua quaeque vis
sit, and Academica Questiones, ii. 19, in sensibus sui
cujusque generis.
consensu, of the harmony of feeling and plan in the
whole body, opposed to diversis manipulis, below.
caritate, of the esteem existing between individuals,
opposed to sine affectibus mutuis.

XXVIII. 1. quod, because, &c., after princeps composuit

(reduced to order).
acriore, &c., with more than usual excitement and in
trigue.
2. pecuniae. &c., i.e. should put in bail to the same
amount as those, &c.
id, i.e. appealing to the Senate,
vacuum, open to all, free.
-xxix.] NOTES. 535

3. Mauris ; see Class. Dict., Mauretania. It was made

a Roman province by Claudius, in two parts, Tingitana
and Caesariensis, and these Mauretania dua were governed
by an equestrian procurator.
ne graviore, &c., after enisus, i.e. having succeeded
by the influence of, &c., in not being visited with, &c.;
for gravior paena, see iii. 68, 2. This was simple exi
lium, that relegatio in insulam; see Smith's Lat. Dict,
ersilium.

XXIX. 1, ut memoravi ; xii. 40.

nisi parta, &c. (i.e. quidquam aliud fecerat, nisi, &c.),
had done any more than keep our conquests.
severitatis, &c., stern independence of character;
others expl., of his exercising rigorous discipline over
the troops,
ambitionis, a fawning spirit, courtier-like temper.
subjecturum (se)... fuisse, i.e. that he would have con
quered all Britain for Nero: provinciam is used by an
ticipation.
2. receptae, &c., i.e. by Corbulo.
domitis, by subduing, &c.; see i. 8, on occisus dic
tator.

3. Monam ; see Class. Dict., ad v.

validam, i.e. formidable from the numbers and courage
of, &c.
aggredi parat. On these operations, and the legions
now quartered in Britain, see Merivale, vi. 248-251.
plano alveo, i.e. flat-bottomed.
adversus breve, &c., (mare), to meet the difficulties
of a shallow sea with no regular landing-places.
4. pedes (tramisit, intransit, got over.)
536 TACITI ANNALIUM XIV. [ch. xxix.

adnantes equis; holding the bridles, to guide the

horses, and rest themselves, if necessary.

XXX. 1. diversa, hostile, opposing.

pro litore, i.e. in litore ipso, as pro muris, ii. 81, on the
ramparts.
Furiarum; as represented by painters.
veste ferali; AEschylus, Eumenides, 52, uAaivai.
2. harentibus, i.e. paralysed, or, frozen.
3. ne ... pavescerent, not to be scared by.
igni suo, &c.; i.e. set fire to their waggons, &c., with
their foe's own torches. -->

$4. cruore captivo ; cf. i. 61, 5.

fibris, i.e. by inspecting the entrails; on the Druidical
rites, see Caesar, Bell. Gall, vi. 16, and Lucan, Phar
salia, iii. 399 sqq.

XXXI. 1. Caesarem heredem, &c.; see Merivale, vi.

p. 252. It appears to me that these words, following
opulentia clarus, mean that he left his private fortune to
Nero, in the hope that his kingdom would be left inde
pendent and his family be unmolested; and that the
Romans then seized his kingdom.
2. vastarentur, i.e. oppressive exactions were made from
the people, and his household managed by Roman
freedmen.
velut capta, i.e. as if spoil of war. -

3. accepissent (Romani).
5, deducti, i.e. veterani Romani.
pellebant (oppidanos).
militibus, i.e. the regular Roman legionaries.
538 TACITI ANNALIUM XIV, [ch. xxxii.

had turned its back to the advancing barbarians and

fallen prostrate before them. Merivale, vi. 254.
2. Externos, i.e. in a foreign tongue; supply, from cane
bant, referebant, people said.
speciem, with coloniae, &c., i.e. of Camulodunum in
ruins, or, that the buildings had been seen inversely
reflected, as in the Fata Morgana of modern Italy.
Tamesa; called Tamesis by Caesar, Bell. Gall, v.
18; the nomin, here may be Tamesa or Tamesas,
jam, besides, lastly; as mentioning the most serious
thing of all, as in ch. 12, 4, jam sol repente obscura
tus; cf. on i, 41, 3, jam infans, &c.; xiii, 43, 3, jam
equitum, &c. -

effigies, i.e. prints on the sand.

trahebant, interpreted; governing Oceanum, &c.,
above; for trahere, see on i. 76, 6, varie trahebant,

3. inerat, i.e. at Camulodunum.

4. Tutela, i.e. on its strength, or, defences; see ch. 31,6,
for templum.
impedientibus (Romanos eis) qui, &c. = impediti ab
eis qui, &c.; i.e. the natives dissuaded the Romans
from throwing up entrenchments, and threw obstacles
in the way, declaring that there was no cause for fear.
neque motis, &c., nor (did they) by removing, &c.,
(take care that) fighting-men only remained to face the
foe.

5. impetu, i.e. at the first onset.

6. Petilio Ceriali, &c.; Merivale, vi. 254-5.
(id) quod peditum (erat), all the infantry there were.

XXXIII. 1. commeatuum, i.e. of trading vessels.

-xxxiv.] NOTES. 539

2. circumspecta, &c., upon considering the smallness of

his force, and the fact that, &c.; with coercitam (i.e.
punitam) (esse) supply ratus; see Merivale, vi. pp.
255-6.

3, orantium; the inhabitants of Londinium.

flexus est, quin = prohibitus est quominus.
acciperet, i.e. and from taking with his marching
column those ready to accompany him, i.e. such as
were capable of bearing arms.
$4. quod uberrimum, &c., all places that were richest for
a spoiler, &c., accus.gov. by petebant.
aliorum segnes, indifferent to all else; Greek genit, of
reference, in regard to.
$6. capere, &c., historical infin. (or, after festinabant,
they were not anxious about, &c.), there was no taking
or selling of prisoners, or any other traffic of war; such
as making money by ransom.
reddituri, i.e. doomed to suffer in their turn.
praerepta, &c., snatching beforehand vengeance (for
their coming supplicium).

XXXIV. 1. quarta decima legio, &c. The prefect

withdrew the 14th legion from the smoking groves of
Mona, and urged it with redoubled speed along the
highway of Watling Street, picking out the best troops
from the 20th as he rushed by, and summoning the 2nd
from Isca (Class. Dict, ad v. 2) to join him in the
south. But Poenius Postumus, who commanded this
latter division, neglected to obey his orders, and crouched
in terror behind his fortifications. Dr. Merivale.
2. arctis faucibus,* i.e., in a valley with a narrow en
-
, , , ,

trance.
540 TACITI ANNALIUM XIV. [ch. xxxiv.

cognito, neut. abl. absol. ; agreeing with the sentence;

lit., it being well ascertained that, &c.
3. frequens, &c., in close array.
$4. non alias, i.e. in no previous battle (with the Romans).
posuerant, &c.; i.e. in their rear; these waggons would
be carrying their families and plunder.

XXXV. 1. feminarum ductu; cf. Agricola, 16, 1; 31, 5.

regnum et opes (se repetere), supplying the verb from
ulcisci.
ulcisci, present infin. ; she sought vengeance, she
said, for, &c.; see ch. 31, 2, for her wrongs.
3. legionem, &c., the 9th; ch. 32, 6.
4. tot millium; Dion, lxii. 2, puts the number at one
hundred and twenty thousand.
perlaturos (esse Romanos); they would not, she
cried, &c.

$ 5. mulieri, &c., that was the resolve of a woman.

viverent; let them, if they liked, live, &c.

XXXVI. 2, juventutis, i.e. efficient men, warriors; as

ch. 32, 4.
agnovissent, &c.; when, after so many defeats, they
felt again the steel and courage of their conquerors.
3. in multis, &c., in an army composed of, &c., it was,
he said, but a few men that did most of the winning of
battles; profligare, is prop. to strike down, and so, to
finish up; cf. Germania, ch. 13, ad fin. bella profligant,
and so on the monumentum Ancyranum (see on i. 2, 1,
annona), Augustus records: coepta profligataque opera
-xxxviii.] NOTES. 541

a patre meo perfeci, I completed works begun and

nearly finished by my father (Julius Caesar).
accessurum (esse), it would redound to, &c.
4. Conferti tantum, &c., only, he cried, let them, in close
order and after their volleys of javelins, &c.
umbonibus, with their shields, &c.; i.e. in hand-to
hand fight, closing with the foe.
5. experientia, &c., abl. of description; with such an air
(ita) did the soldiers, veterans as they were, and heroes
of a hundred fights, make ready to, &c.

XXXVII. 1. primum ... gradu immola, not leaving their

ground at first.
exhauserat, &c., i.e had received all the Roman javelins
at a deadly range.
2. quod obvium, &c., i.e. all the Britons that encountered
them and resisted with any effect.
3. vehicula, &c., see ch. 34, ad fin, plaustris...qua super
extremum, &c.
6. Paenius Postumus, &c.; see on ch. 34, 1.
XXXVIII. 1. nonani; their legionaries had been cut
up by the Britons; ch. 32, 6.
2. ambiguum, &c., either wavering (in their allegiance),
or openly hostile (to the Romans).
3. incuriosos, &c., as they had neglected, &c.
4. disperserat, had given out.
consulturum, &c., who would deal mercifully with those
who submitted.

5, mandabat, &c., sent advices to Rome.

542 TACITI ANNALIUM xIV. [ch. xxxviii.
praelio; for bello.
succederetur, i.e. unless he were superseded.

XXXIX. 1. legatum; Suetonius Paulinus.

procuratorem; Julius Classicianus; see ch. 38, 4,
successor Cato missus, and ch. 32, 7, procurator Catus.
2. defuit... quo minus ... incederet, did he fail to make his
coming impressive even to, &c.
gravis, &c., i.e. after burdening Italy and Gaul with
his enormous retinue; Dr. Merivale expl. this of his
raising a large force in Italy and Gaul.
4. in mollius, in a light too favourable; i.e. Polyclitus
made out, in his report to Nero, that the rebellion had
been less dangerous than it really had, and so that
Suetonius had both been too harsh in his treatment of
the Britons, and too laudatory of himself in his de
spatches. The context shews that this must be the
sense; there is no reference to the state of feeling exist
ing between the legatus and the procurator, as it is
usually explained.
detentusque rebus gerundis, i.e. and, having been pre
vented from doing anything else (undertaking any more
expeditions against the enemy; res gerere being espe
cially used of war), (then) because, &c. The fact was
that Classicianus and Polyclitus were both determined to
get rid of Suetonius; they prevented his doing anything,
and availed themselves of the first excuse to supersede
him. Others wrongly expl. detentus as for retentus,
i.e. being still kept in his command.
tanquam durante bello; this was really over, and
the pretence of its continuance was intended as an in
sult to Suetonius.
xli.] NOTES. 543

XL. 1. senatoris, with audacia, abl.

2. honoribus, i.e. curule offices.
Ei... subdidit, &c., i.e. palmed off as his a forged will,
forged it in his name.
3. Antonium Primum ; Class. Dict., Primus.
morum, Gr. genit., in point of character.
$4. iis; either repeat accitis from what precedes; having
called in, &c., or take it for cum iis, along with, in pre
sence of, those, &c.; he made them witnesses to it.
Others expl. iis as an abl. of agent or instrument, had
the will sealed and signed by those, &c.
5. lege Cornelia; the lex Cornelia de falso (on forgery),
testamentaria et nummaria, passed by the dictator Sulla,
B.C. 81; the penalty was either exilium, deportatio in in
sulam, or expulsion from the Senate; in the present
case the last was inflicted; as Histories, ii. 86, 2,
proves.

XLI. 1. Italia, &c., ablat. ; an injunction to keep out

of those countries was laid on him.

2. praefectum urbis; see Dict. Antiq., and Dr. Merivale,

vol. iv. pp. 20, 21; see vi. 11, 4, for his jurisdiction
under Augustus; his powers afterwards came to in
clude every kind of charge, relating to offences com
mitted, not merely in Rome, but throughout Italy, and
at last there was no appeal from his sentence, save to
the emperor.
ad praetorem detulisset, on the ground that he had
arraigned before the praetor, &c. This means the praetor
who had charge of the quaestiones perpetua (or perma
nent court for trying certain charges) in cases de falso.
544 TACITI ANNALIUM XIV. [ch. xli.

According to the letter of the law (specie legum) Pon

ticus was right in bringing the culprits before this
praetor: really his jurisdiction was a shadow, and the
object was to get off the accused by an intentional eva
sion (praevaricatio) of the praefectus urbis, who had the
real power.
interim, &c., i.e. at first by feigned respect for, &c.
3. senatus consulto, &c., i.e. a clause is inserted in the
decree (condemning Ponticus), that whoever, &c. This
is what the jurists call the Senatus-consultum Turpilia
num (Turpilianus being one of this year's consuls).
operam, i.e. connivance at guilt.
calumniae condemnatus; under the lex Remmia, (Cicero,
pro Roscio Amerino, ch. 20,) which applied to false and
malicious accusers: when it was passed, and by whom,
is unknown. The jurist AElius Marcianus (in the Di
gest, xlviii. 16), defines calumniari as falsa crimina in
tendere, praevaricari as vera crimina abscondere, tergiver
sari as in universum ab accusatione desistere.

XLII. 2. vetere ex more; this vetus mos (for which cf.

Cicero, Epp. ad Famil., iv. 12) was confirmed by the
Senatus-consultum Silanianum, (passed under Augustus,
A.D. 10, in the consulship of P. Cornelius Dolabella
and C. Junius Silanus), a provision in which was to the
effect that all slaves under the same roof, or at the same
place, with a murdered master, when the murder took
place, should be tortured, and, if they had not done their
best to defend him, be put to death. Cf. xiii. 32. An
other provision gave freedom to a slave who discovered
his masters murderer.
pluribus, though the majority, &c.
-xliii.] NOTES. 545

sententiae loco, in his turn for speaking.

C. Cassius (Longinus), the celebrated julist: see Class,
Dict, Cassius, 13.

XLIII. 1. studium meum, my own special study.

2. hoc...auctoritatis, &c., whatever degree of influence
I may possess.
3. venit, for usu venit, or evenit.
concusso, impaired in its authority; it was still in
full force.
supplicium, capital punishment.
Jamilia, household-slaves.
$4. Decernite... ut quem; this is said to be short for de
cernite, &c., et hoc decernendo efficite, ut quem (riv, ali
quem), &c. Others make it a question, i.e. and then
whom would his position defend?
cum praefectura, &c., i.e. since such a high office
(see ch. 42, 1) availed not (to protect from his slave
the master who held it).
5. ne in metu quidem, i.e. when those slaves (quae) not
even with the fear of death before their eyes.
advertit, for animadvertit, pay heed to.
6. transegerat, &c., he had been bargaining (with his
master) about money left him by his father; this is
said, with bitter sarcasm, in reference to one of the
alleged motives for the murder, ch. 42, 1, negata liber
tate, &c.; Cassius saysI suppose it was with inherited
property (not with the savings of his peculiumi.e. part
of his earnings as mechanic, factor, agent, &c.,) that he
had agreed on the price of his ransom. A slave could
N in
546 TACITI ANNALIUM XIV. [ch. xliii.

neither transigere res with his master, nor have paterna

pecunia.
avitum mancipium, &c., it was a family-slave that was
being taken from him; this refers to the other alleged
motive for the murder, ch. 42, 1, as above. A slave
could not, of course, have an avitum mancipium, as he
had not the jus heredis.
pronuntiemus ultro : ultro in its invariable Tacitean
force; the idea is, let us not, as masters, say that
a slave has killed a master, and is, of course, in the
wrong; let us take the other side, and turn round, and
declare that, &c.; let us actually pronounce, without
any reserve, that, &c.

XLIV. 1. Libet, &c., is it your pleasure to hunt up argu

ments in a matter that has been settled by wiser heads
than ours?
statuendum haberemus ; see on iv. 40, 2, nubendum an
tolerandum haberet.
ut non vox &c., i.e. without letting one word, &c.,
escape him: the insinuation is that the other slaves
must have known of the assassin's design.
2. Sane; i.e. let us grant, if you please, that he, &c.
excubias ; i.e. the night-sentries (slaves) at the
doors.
3. prodant, i.e. these sceleris indicia; if we can rely upon
our slaves noticing and denouncing to us these pre
liminaries of murder in their fellow-slaves, then we
can, &c.
anxios, i.e. slaves troubled for their own lives; as,
under the existing law, if one of their number killed the
master, all would suffer for it.
xlvii.] NOTES. 547

$4. domibus tsdem nascerentur; vernae, as opposed to

empticii.
5 nationes in famillis, &c., see on iii. 53, 5; the vast
herds of slaves now possessed by wealthy Romans were
divided according to their country, colour, and age;
thus Thracians, Phrygians, Africans, &c., were placed
together.
externa sacra, &c., foreign religions, or none at all.
6. At quidam, &c., but (it will be objected) some, &c.
nam et ex fuso, &c., i.e. true: for even when out
of, &c.
etiam strenui, i.e. brave men, as well as cowards.
quod contra singulos, &c., but this injustice, falling as
it does on individuals, is compensated by, &c.

XLV. 1. ut ... ita, though no one by himself, &c.,

yet, &c.
miserantium, with voces, i.e. coming from senators
expressing pity for, &c.
2. multitudine; see ch. 42, 2, concarsu plebis, &e.
4. intenderetur, &c., i.e. should have its severity in
creased.

XLVI. 1. Tarquitius Priscus; see xii. 59.

2. Census per Gallias; see on i. 31, 2.
supra tulere, i.e. by their mutual rivalry, they put
him above themselves; gave him, by their dissensions,
a greater authority than either.

XLVII. 1. in quantum... datur, i.e. as far as is per

mitted to a man under the shadow of imperial power:
543 TACITI ANNALIUM. XIV. [ch. xlvii

lit., when the imperial elevation throws him into the

shade.
adulantibus, &c., and when there were flatterers round
his couch, saying that, &c.
siquid fato pateretur; i.e. if he were to die; a Greek
euphemism; as Homer, Iliad, v. 566, u ri r001; in Latin
more commonly, si quid... accideret, as Cicero, Phil.,
i. 4, si quid mihi humanitus accidisset, in quo potissimum
(subsidium habeat respublica).
2. quiete, by his retired habits.
nova, &c., i.e. he did not belong to one of the old
aristocratic houses.

3. oleum, i.e. for use in the gymnasium; it was given

to them free of charge. This gymnasium was in the
Campus Martius, with therma adjoining, whence it is
also called thermas Neronianae; see Class. Dict, Roma,
F. VIII. Therma, 2; Martial, vii. 34, 4, Quid Nerone
pejus * quid thermis melius Neronianis.
facilitate, with a liberality worthy of a Greek; a
Greek gymnasiarchus used to supply oil free of charge
to the youths frequenting the gymnasium.

XLVIII. 1, memoravi ; xiii. 28.

2. receperat ; cf. xiii. 33, 3, 4.
3. tribunicia, &c.; Nero's prerogative, as imperator,
holding also the tribunicia potestas: see Preface.
4. creditum (est), i.e the witnesses for the prosecution
were believed.

consul designatus; he would give his opinion first,

according to the old custom; see on iii. 17, 8, munere,
-xlix.] NOTES. 549

and cf. iii. 22, 6. This Marullus is nowhere else men

tioned; he must have been a consul suffectus, as he is
omitted in the Fasti.
more majorum; see on ii. 32, 5, more prisco.
5. multo cum honore, &c., i.e. after warmly praising, &c.
non quicquid, &c.; the order is; disseruit, quicquid,
&c., non id statuendum (esse) egregio, &c., et senatui ob
stricto nulla necessitate, that all that a convicted culprit
deserved to suffer ought not, under so good a prince, to be
appointed (as his punishment), and that too by a senate
fettered by no restrictions; id refers, of course, with
emphasis, to quicquid, &c.
7. Quin in insula, &c.; i.e. nay rather, if banished to an
island, &c., he would be, &c., the longer he, &c.

XLIX. 1. discessionem ... pedibus iere; see on iii. 69, 9,

in hanc sententiam.
A. Vitellius; afterwards emperor.
reticens, &c., i.e. saying nothing in reply, if an oppo
nent retorted on him.

2. de consensu (senatus), &c.; see on xiii. 26, 2.

4. qui... impediturus fuerit, i.e. as he was purposed to
prevent any rigorous decree.
datum (esse Senatui), i.e. acquittal was included in
their powers.
5 offensione, i.e. on Nero's part.
relationem, i.e. the motion on which the Senate had
voted; the culprit was sentenced, as Thrasea suggested,
to exile with confiscation.
invidia; i.e. by condemning Antistius to death for an
offence against Nero.
550 TACITI ANNALIUM XIV. [ch. 1.-.

L. 1. sacerdotes; the Pontiffs.

Codicillorum; it appears to have been frequently
the case that in their wills people testified their hatred
to their enemies, and Suetonius informs us that the
Senate wished to deal with the case, but that Augustus
de inhibenda testamentorum licentia ne senatus quidquam
constitueret, intercessit. Others here understand libelli
of any kind, as in xi. 34, 4.
2. munera, i.e. public favours, appointments.
suscipiendi judicii, &c.; i.e. it was referred to him by
appeal from the Senate, and he undertook it when a
fresh indictment (adjiciebat, &c.) charged the culprit
with having trenched on the imperial prerogatives, with
regard to public appointments.
cum periculo; because it was declared criminal to read
or possess them.

LI. 1. subsidia, the props of the state, means of redress.

veneno; Suetonius and Dion Cassius assert that Nero
poisoned him.
2. in se, internally.
$4. segnem innocentiam, passive goodness,
adulteria; an insertion by a copyist, explanatory
of flagitia.
5. rem frumentariam ... tractabat, i.e was praefectus an
nona, attended to the public supplies of corn; he ad
ministered the public store, and the dole of grain
served out to the populace.
sine quaestu, without making a profit by it.
in eo secutus, &c., i.e. the attraction to Nero in Tigel
linus was his inveterate lewdness, &c.
-liii.] NOTES. 551

$ 6. illi ... fuere, i.e. their personal influence was in ac

cordance with their well-known character.
assumptus, &c., the chosen companion of his secret
debaucheries.
prospera, &c., of good report with, &c.
adversum, a disadvantage.

LII. 1. bonis artibus, &c.; the cause of virtue was weak

ened by the loss of, &c.; idem is nom. neut, sing. with
virium, the same degree of strength.
2. tanquam, to the effect that, &c.
evectas, transcending.
quasi = propemodum, nearly.
3. Objiciebant (Senecae)... sibi (eum) asciscereevenis
set; the flatterers use a word implying that the passion
had come upon Nero by divine appointment.
4. palam iniquum, &c., for that, being an open enemy
to, &c.
equos regentis, i.e. in the chariot-courses of the Circus.
woces, tones.
$5, Quem ad finem = quousque tandem; as Cicero, Catilina,
i. 1, quem ad finem sese effrenata jactabit audacia here,
how long (they asked) shall this go on, that there shall
be nothing, &c.
Exueret, let him get rid of, they cried.

LIII. 1, accepto (tempore, &c.), i.e. when an interview

was accorded him.

2. spei tua, &c., i.e. I was appointed to train thee for

thy high destiny; lit., was applied to, set to work on,
the hopes inspired by thee; was set to work at thee
552 TACITI ANNALIUM XIV. [ch, liii.,

as a preceptor, that the hopes all formed of thee might

be fulfilled,
moderatio ejus, moderation in using it.
nec mea fortuna, and not instances taken from my
rank, &c.; as for tua, the power of Augustus was the
same as that of Nero.

3. Abavus, great-great-grandsire; see on xiii. 19, 3.

secretum, &c. retirement in Mytilene. Pliny the
elder, Historia Naturalis, vii. 45, writes (Augusto)
pudenda Agrippae ablegatio. From Suetonius, Octavius,
ch. 66, we learn that Agrippa, ex levi rigoris (coldness
on the part of Augustus) suspicione, et quod Marcellus
sibi anteferretur, retired to Mytilene.
C. Macenati; cf. iii. 30, 7, on an estrangement be
tween Augustus and Maecenas.
peregrinum, i.e. as complete as if he were abroad.
pluribus, i.e. of many kinds.
jactatus, harassed.
pro, only proportionate to.

4. quid aliud munificentiae, what else in the way of, &c.

This is expl. as for grati animi officiorum; Seneca, in
this particular word, glancing at himself ironically.
Others expl. munificentiae as simply meaning, service
rendered. Others, making it dative, expl., what other
claim to, &c., have I been able to make.
in umbra educata, nursed in retirement's shade.
pretium, &c., a glorious reward for such a service l
5. provinciali, &c.; Class. Dict, Seneca, 2.
praeferentes, &c., i.e. men who boast of a long line of
illustrious ancestors.
novitas mea, my upstart name; a novus homo was,
liv.] NoTES. 553

properly, a man newly ennobled; the first of his family

to hold a curule office.

$6. animus ille, that philosophic spirit I once had; cf. xiii.
42, 6, where Suillius inveighs against Seneca.
extruit; this word, used with horti, refers to the
buildings of various kinds which adorned them.
incedit; of an ostentatious stalking through his sub
urban retreats; does it pace proudly through, &c.
fenore; see xiii. 42, 7, of Senecas usury.
non debui, it was not my duty.

LIV. 2. incumbit, i.e. invidia.

4. rem, i.e. my fortune.
traditis (iis), after surrendering, &c.
quod temporis, &c., accus. after revocabo,
$ 5. Superest tibi robur, i.e. thou art now in thy prime.
tot per annos, &c., i.e. and thy grasp of imperial power
is assured by many years' experience; others expl.
fastigii regimen, supreme rule, and the sentence as re
ferring to Nero's having known he would be emperor
long before the death of Claudius: power had been long
within his ken.
quietem respondere; this is expl., we old friends of
yours can answer for (guarantee) our keeping quiet,
i.e. we shall not interfere with public matters, we desire
nothing but repose; implying, perhaps, that Nero should
be on his guard against younger men, such as Otho.
Ritter, taking regimen above, as for gubernaculum (cf.
Ovid, Metam., xi. 552) expl., we can answer for a calm
voyage, with Nero at the helm. Others, reading quiete,
expl., we can give advice in retirement.
554 TACITI ANNALIUM XIV. [ch. liv.

et modica, &c., could also put up with moderate for

tunes.

LW. 1. occurram, i.e., reply to.

tui muneris habeo, I reckon amongst the benefits re
ceived from thee, who, &c.
expedire, &c., not only to express my views with pre
paration, but at once.
2. Abavus; see on xiii. 19, 8, Rubellium Plautum, &c.
atate, i.e. time of his (Augustus') life.
tueretur, i.e. placed him beyond the reach of censure.
$ 5. fenus; see on ch. 53, 6, fenore.
$6. artibus, qualities, character.
7. libertinos; as Pallas,

LVI, 1. et tibi, &c., thou also art in the vigour of life;

in reply to Seneca's superest tibi robur, ch. 54, 5; or et
is taken up by the second et, and we must render;
whilst thou art, &c., I, &c.
rebus, business.
fructui, i.e. enjoyment of your means.
spatia, prop. the rounds, laps, in the race-course; as
Virgil, Georgies, i. 512. Nero implies that there is
plenty of time for him to bestow, and Seneca to receive
and enjoy, greater honours and wealth.
Vitellio; see Class. Dict, Vitellius, 1.
me Claudio postponis, i.e. think less of me than of
Claudius: it was Claudius who made L. Vitellius thrice
consul; implying that Nero cannot think that Seneca
considers him capable of rewarding Seneca (so much
superior to Vitellius) less amply than Claudius had re
-lvii.] NOTES. 555

warded Vitellius. It was Claudius, too, who banished

Seneca to Corsica. Nero also insinuates his own su
periority to Claudius.
2. Volusio; cf. xiii. 30, 4.
Quin... revocas, lit., why not (rather), &c.; you should
(rather than talk of retiring), &c.
lubricum, &c., i.e. if my slippery steps leave the right
path.
impensius, &c., i.e. and guide yet more zealously with
thy help the mature power which (in its infancy) thou
didst equip for rule; see ch. 55, 4. It may thus be
paraphrased: thou didst provide my youthful weakness
with the help of excellent precepts (ornatum); I have
now attained manhood (robur): now, therefore, help
me, and the more earnestly, as the task is now more
difficult.

$6. qui finis, &c., the usual end of conferences with

a sovereign.
instituta, ways.
salutantium, complimentary visitors to him: under
the emperors, salutatio meant, especially, attending at
court, going to the leve.
comitantes, i.e. an escort of friends; for this and
salutare see Horace, Satires, i. 6, 101-2, and Mac
leane's note.

LVII. 1. criminantibus, abl. absol.; his accusers making

a charge in his case of his friendship with, &c.
gratiores (fore).
comperto, neut. abl, absol.; in agreement with follow
ing sentence; lit., it being ascertained (by him) that,
&c.; and when he was assured that, &c.
556 TACITI ANNALIUM XIV. [ch. lvii.
Plautum ; ch, 22.
Syllam; xiii. 47.
commemorat, i.e. to Nero.
exercitus, &c., the nearness of, &c., the fact of their
being so near to, &c.
2. diversas, i.e. private, apart from his master's in
terests: Tigellinus appears to hint at Burrus having
hesitated between Agrippina and Nero; others expl.,
that Tigellinus insinuates that Burrus had had an eye
to a possible successor of Nero's, as Plautus or Sylla,
and, while he pretended to be devoted to Nero, had
been intriguing to displace him.
cui caveri, &c., for whom (he said) precaution was
taken, in some sort or other, against plots at Rome, by
his presence; i.e. but though his safety at Rome might
be secured, &c.
3. Erectas (esse), &c., they were on the qui vive at the
name of the great dictator, (Sulla, whose descendant
this man was).
suspectos, &c., i.e. of attachment to Plautus, from the
renown of, &c.
avi Drusi; Rubellius Plautus was grandson of Dru
sus, son of Tiberius; Fam. of Aug., III. Y.
$4. unde praecipuam, &c., i.e. and poverty was the great
inspirer of boldness.
simulatorem segnitia ; see xiii. 47, 1, socors, &c.
temeritati, i.e. for some desperate attempt on Nero's
power.
5. magnis opibus, abl. of description; possessed as he was
of, &c.; see ch. 22, 3, 5.
praferre, &c., made a show (said Tigellinus) of imi
tating, &c.
lix.] NOTES. 557

turbidos, restless.
appetentes, &c., intriguers, meddlers with public af
fairs.

6, ante metum, &c., without any fear or hint of danger.

LVIII. 1. petitum, i.e. tempted to revolt.

praecipuum, most exposed to, &c.
2. Quin, &c., i.e. nay (it was said) even that, &c.
nec milites, &c., and that the soldiers sent, &c., being
not either, &c.; nec=et non.
spes novas, the revolutionary cause.
3. credentium otio, i.e. by idle persons who believed
them.
centurionem; despatched from Rome to kill Plautus.
effugeret, let him not die (said Antistius) a coward's
death, i.e. let him not stand tamely to be murdered.
otium; read obvium; there was a ready escape. Others
read odium and expl., one refuge remained for him; the
hate all had for Nero.
miseratione, &c., i.e. through the compassion excited
by the danger of so great a name he would find friends
in good men, &c.
4. multa secutura (esse) with dum rwarur, 3.
5. quari, is to be obtained.

LIX. 1. ambigua spei, i.e. of living between hope and

fear.
placabiliorem, &c.; he hoped his patrimony would not
be confiscated.
2. tanquam, to the effect that, &c.
Caeranum ; Coeranus is unknown.
558 TACITI ANNALIUM XIV. [ch, lix

Mysonium; see Class. Dict, and Index.

3. Repertus est; by the centurion and his soldiers.
Talem, in that state.
satellitibus; the word is used as of the guards of an
Eastern despot.
4. Nero; it is in vain to attempt to supply the gap. Dion
Cassius, lxii. 14, relates that Nero, on seeing the head,
cried out, I did not know that he had such a big nose,
as if he would have spared him, had he known that in
teresting fact.
gravem, i.e. offensive to Nero from, &c.; her father
was Claudius; she was therefore of the real stock, Nero
only adopted.
$ 5. verum utriusque, &c., but declaring that, &c.; supply
a participle from confessus.
sibi... haberi, is regarded by him.
6. supplicationes; this would be because, according to
Nero, the state had just been saved from revolution.
gravioribus, &c., abl. absol.; i.e. the mockery of these
proceedings (the insult to the state) being, however,
more grievous than the evil deeds that preceded them;
others expl., a mockery, however, rather insulting than
injurious (to the deceased).

LX. 2. et adulteri, &c., and swaying Nero as she pleased

(potens) (first) when her gallant, afterwards when, &c.
4. de ancillis (Octaviae), i.e. examinations by torture
were held on, &c.
annuerent, i.e. to admit (the truth of) false charges
against their mistress.
instanti, i.e. when urging her to confess.
lxi.] *OTES. 559

$ 5. Movetur (Octavia), is put away.

civilis, &c., i.e. of a regular divorce.
6, nec occulti, &c., and, among the lower classes, not
disguised murmurs.
cui minor sapientia (est), &c., who shew less prudent
reserve (than their betters), because they have fewer, &c.
His quanquam, &c.; some read his (in consequence
of these murmurs), haudguaquam, &c.; the passage is
corrupt.
conjugem, i.e. to be his wife again; = in conjugium.

LXI. 1. tandem; of a thing impatiently waited for;

there had long been nothing but cause for sorrow to the
citizens.

2. Itur, &c., they even proceed to, &c. Another corrupt

passage. Some expl. repetitum as accus. of a noun sub
stantive, meaning, restoration, recall; and principis, vene
rantium as genitives, one of the object, another of the
subject, i.e. praises of the emperor, coming from those
who shewed respect to his wife's restoration; with much
the same sense, others read repetitam (conjugem), i.e.
praises from those who (outwardly praising Nero) really
paid homage to the restored princess.
turbatos, &c., i.e. routed and dispersed them.
3. Mutataque (i.e. reparata) (sunt ea) qua, &c., what
ever they had overthrown during the tumult was re
stored.
*
honos, tokens of honour, statues, &c.
non eo loci, &c., declares that her interests are not
involved (merely) in this way, that she : contend,
&c.; for id loci see Smith's Lat. Dict, is, iii.
!
U60 TACITI ANNALIUM XIV, [ch. lxi.

ausi; masculine, because, in meaning, clientela, &c.,

are masculine.

4 motis rebus, abl. absol.; a revolution once started.

omitteret (Octavia), only let her, at whose nod, &c.;
i.e. and then all would be over with Nero.

5. Quod alioquin, &c., i.e. if this was not Octavia's ob

ject, what (she demanded) had she, Poppaea, done?
an quia, &c., some, omitting interrogation after datura
sit, expl., is it because she (Poppaea), &c., that the
people prefer, &c. Others, retaining the interrogation,
expl. malle as infin. of indignant exclamation, they
prefer, forsooth, that, &c.; for tibicinis, see ch. 60, 3.
6. id rebus, &c., if state interests require Octavia's re
turn.

libens (magis) quam, &c.

acciret (Nero), let him, &c.
dominam ; a sneer at Octavia, as if she ruled Nero.
7. desperent, i.e. the partisans of Octavia.
illi, i.e. Octaviae.
maritum, &c.; implying that Octavia's husband would
be Nero's successor, Nero being got rid of.

LXII. 1. Varius sermo, this artfully-compounded speech.

ad metum, to produce, &c.
audientem (Neronem).
suspicio in servo, suspicion in the case of a slave,
i.e. to charge a princess with adultery with a slave was
not strong enough ground to proceed on against Oc
tavia; a slave would not aspire to the empire, as they
wished to make out that her pretended lover did.
elusa erat, &c.; see ch. 60, 4.
-lxiii.] NOTES. 561

2. confessionem; i.e. of being Octavia's lover.

3. maternae; of Nero's mother, Agrippina; see ch. 3, 5;
8, 5.
levi... gratia, i.e. held in slight favour by Nero.
exprobrantes, upbraiding their employers.
4. solum, &c.; he alone (said Nero) had, &c.
5. fateretur, let him, &c.; he had only to confess, &c.
6. priorum; the genit. means, inspired by, &c.
Sardiniam; a place which hardly afforded the duped
scoundrel the secessus amaeni promised to him; see on
ii. 85, 5, gravitatem caeli.

LXIII. 1. prafectum, of the classis apud Misenum, ch.

62, 3.
corruptum (esse ab Octavia), after edicto memorat,
below; sociandae, &c., refers to its being brought to take
part with Octavia against Nero.
in spem; in, with a view to, with regard to, the Greek
a sis; in hopes of, &c.
sterilitatis, &c.; ch. 60, 1.
abactos (esse ab Octavia), that abortion had been
caused.

2. Agrippinae; the widow of Germanicus; she also had

been sent to Pandataria, in A.D. 29; Suetonius, Tiberius,
ch. 53.
obversabatur, i.e. was in every mind.
Juliae; daughter of Agrippina the elder; Class. Dict,
Julia, 7.
3. lata aliqua, some happy days.
$4. Huic, to Octavia.
562. TACITI ANNALIUM XIV. [ch. lxiii.

patre, Claudius; fratre, Britannicus.

ancilla; the liberta Acte; xiv. 2.
nupta, &c., only married (to Nero) to cause the de
struction of his lawful wife.
crimen, a charge (of adultery and abortion) worse (to
her pure soul) than a thousand deaths.

LXIV. 1. vita (abl.) exempta, withdrawn from, &c.,

robbed of all joy in life.
morte acquiescebat, i.e. was not yet reconciled to death;
still clung to life. Others expl., was still denied the
peace which death bestows.
2. cum ... testaretur, while she protested.
sororem, &c., nothing but a sister (to Nero): she was
own daughter of Claudius, and Nero was his (adoptive)
Son.

communes Germanicos, their (i.e. hers and Nero's)

common relatives. Claudius, Octavia's father, and
Drusus senior (his father) were both surnamed Ger
manicus; the great Germanicus, elder brother of Clau
dius, was, of course, uncle to Octavia. Nero was grand
son, through his mother Agrippina, of the great Ger
manicus, great-grandson of Drusus Senior (father of
Germanicus), and (adoptive) son of Claudius.
5. eum ... ut; necessary insertions in a maimed text.
jugas, exile.
actas (esse), after praesumptum habeant, may take it
for granted that, &c.
6. patientia postremum, &c., i.e. has reached the extreme
of slavish endurance.
-lxv.] NOTES. 563

LXV. 1. creditus est (Nero).

detineret, kept back from Nero's grasp.
2. validius, i.e. Seneca conquered him by bringing the
same charge with more forcible evidence.
insidiarum... magna moles, a formidable plot.
 LIB, XW.

I. 1. rebus, successes; Tacitus here takes up the nar

rative from xiv. 26.
regemque, &c., with the abl. absol.; cognitis, i.e. and
seeing that, &c.
spretum, &c., outraged by the expulsion of, &c.
fastigium, i.e. the power and dignity.
Jaederis, &c., which had so long existed without inter
ruption between Rome and Parthia. There had been
no war between Rome and Parthia since the unsuccess
ful campaign of the Triumvir Antonius in B.C. 36: the
foedus, however, dated from B.C. 20, when the standards
and prisoners taken from Crassus and Antonius were
given up to Augustus by Phraates IV. ; see Class.
Dict, Arsaces, 15. -

defectione Hyrcanorum; cf. xiii. 37, 6; xiv. 25, 2.

ex eo, thence arising.
2. per latrocinia, by mere brigandage; than is usual in
predatory incursions.
descensum (esse), that they had fallen so low that, &c.
obsidis; Tigranes; xiv. 26, 1.
3. Monobazus, &c.; cf. xii. 13, where Izates is called
Adiabenorum rex ; Monobazus must have succeeded
him.

$4. concessum (esse), they had already given up, &c.

proxima trahi, i.e. and the territories next to that were
becoming a prey.
ch. iii.] NOTES. 565

et nisi defendant Parthi; after this is understood;

they would go over to the Romans, for, &c. -

deditis, &c., dat. after esse, i.e. if they surrendered to

the Romans than if they were conquered.
5. gravior erat, i.e. affected Vologeses still more.
non enim, &c., it was not, he urged, by inaction, &c.
id aquius (esse), &c., i.e. with great empires might is
right.
de alienis; i.e. in defending or conquering the terri
tories of others.

II. 1. summo nomine concessisset, had given up the chief

title, or supreme dominion; i.e. the throne of Parthia;
the kings of Media and Armenia ranked next to the
Parthian monarch: the abl. is used as in the phrase
concedere vita, to depart from life.
per atatem, i.e. in right of primogeniture, on account
of my age.
2. vetera fratrum odia, the proverbial, &c.; cf. xiii. 17,
2, antiquas fratrum discordias.
3. causa, by negotiation.
$5. vires, &c., i.e. levies everywhere his best troops and
gathers all his resources for war: gathers his utmost
strength, threatening to burst in a very storm of war
upon, &c.

III. 1. habere, &c., i.e. to keep it going (have it on

his hands), rather than wage it in earnest.
3. praesidiis, i.e. posted at the passes.
$4, abdidit, i.e. filled up; he wished to deprive the Par
thians entirely of water.
566 TACITI ANNALIUM XV. [ch. iv.

IV. 5. Partho, the Parthians have not the courage for

close fighting.

W. 1. moderandum (esse), that he ought not to presume

upon, &c.
2. Omitteret (Vologeses), let him, &c.
3. infirum (i.e. consilium, with vitandi, &c.,) erat; see
on xiii. 26, 4, grave.
$4. manu, forces, copiis, supplies.
pro Syria, &c., on the frontiers of Syria, were ready
to assume the offensive and invade him; ultro, as
usual, meaning that they were ready to push matters
further than might have been supposed; collected for
defence, they would strike the first blow.
sibi, &c., his cavalry (he reflected) was disabled
by, &c.
5. mitiora, &c., pretending to pacific counsels.
petenda, i.e. begging a grant of it to himself.

VI. 1. magnifica, and as being great achievements,

2. pepigisse (Corbulonem et Vologesen).
3. deserta (esse ea).
sede, capital.
modo retenti, just preserved by them.
4. Dilata (esse), &c.; No! (they said), a truce had
assuredly been made.
6. legiones, &c.; see iv. 5, for the distribution of the
forces.
e Moesis ; in iv. 5, 5, we learn that there were two
legions in Moesia.
ix.] NOTES. 567

prior Syriae miles; see iv. 5, 4.

$7, satis... erat, ought to have sufficed.
usurpatas (esse a Corbulone), had been achieved
merely in name, i.e. no advantage had been derived
from them.

VII. 1. memoravi; ch.5, 5.

3. equus, &c.; Plutarch, Crassus, 36, records a similar
ill-omened occurrence in that expedition; one of the
general's horses, splendidly accoutred, dashed into the
river and disappeared with its rider. One or more
horses, with trappings corresponding to the general's
rank (as praetor, consul, &c.), were assigned to him at
the public charge.
consularia insignia; assigned to Caesennius Paetus,
the general, according to a custom then prevalent: he
was never consul: see Index.
retro evasit, i.e. started back and got away.
$4. Hostiaque... assistens; it was there for sacrifice when
the work was finished.

5. arsere ; cf. xii. 64, l ; of course it was some electric

phenomenon.

VIII. 3. percursando; we should expect rather percur

satis (iis) qua, &c., after traversing in tedious marches
districts which, &c.

IX. 1. magna specie; i.e. in such a way as to magnify

their numbers.
catapultis, for hasta and trabes.
balistis; for saxa.
568 TACITI ANNALIUM XV. [ch, ix.

2. adversi, on the opposite bank.

X. 1. Ubi ; in Armenia.
2. infrequentia, &c., i.e. the scantiness of his force was
betrayed by the means from which, &c.; i.e. by his
being forced to send for another legion, to supply the
place of the soldiers absent on furlough.
3. Qua, &c., yet even with this small force, &c.
tractu belli, by prolonging the war.
4 firmatus, i.e. by their advice.
deteriora, &c., i.e. he adopted opposite and more
perilous measures.
7. minus acriter, with but little ardour.
$ 8. in uno habitus, if kept together.
9. compulsum (esse Paetum).
instantem (hostem), i.e. that they were pressing him
hard.
Nec... properatum (esse), and that no great haste was
made by, &c.
10. tribus legionibus; the 3rd, 6th, and 10th; ch. 6, 6.
alarios; see on iii. 39, 1, and iv. 73, 2, equites
legionum.

XI. 1. sed vi, &c.; sed is used, as if nihil mutavit con

silium preceded.
centurione; with his soldiers; circumveniretur, below,
is, of course, plural in sense.
2. longinqua et avia (loca petivere).

XII. 1. qua proximum (iter erat).

570 TACITI ANNALIUM XV, [ch. xiii

si, to see whether, in the hope that, &c.

2. mec aliud (quidquam agebant) quam, &c. This is
equivalent to, did not dare to make a sortie, and ex
plains what follows; some acting (pars) on the general's
orders (these were not ignavi), and others from personal
cowardice, pretending (ut, as if) that they must wait for
Corbulo, &c.
ingrueret, &c., i.e. if the enemy's attacks became ir
resistible.
provisis, &c., being provided with, &c.; i.e. being ready
to put in operation, determined to act upon, those pre
cedents. See Class. Dict., Caudium, and Liddell's
Rome, ch. xlvii. 2, 4, and notes. In B.C. 137 the Con
sul C. Hostilius Mancinus was hemmed in by, and
forced to make terms with, the Numantians in Spain.
3. Neque eandem vim (esse), &c., i.e. for (said these
cowards) neither the Samnites, &c., nor the Poeni,
though rivals of, &c., were so formidable (as the Par
thians): a second topic of consolation for them; the
first was, if they surrendered, other Roman armies
had done the same; and, secondly, they would be sur
rendering to a foe more powerful than Roman armies
had ever met before.

$4. antiquitatem, &c.; yes! even those brave and re

nowned men of old had, &c.
5. ditionis, which had ever been under, &c.
imperator, i.e. the Roman princeps.
ex aequo, i.e. alike to Parthia and Rome.

XIV. 1. pro causa, in the way of discussion; on the

merits of the case.
xvi.] NoTES. 57.1

locum, &c.; i.e. where and when first the three should
come together; this was at present uncertain.
cernerent ; for decernerent.
statuerent; namely, that they should, &c.; this was
the thing dignum Arsacidarum, their being in a positior
to pronounce on the fate of Roman legions.
3. Lucullos, Pompeios (after memorat, below); i.e. the
successes of Lucullus and Pompeius; see Liddell's
Rome, ch. lxiii. 7, for Lucullus, and ch. lxiii. 13, 14,
for Pompeius.
si qua Caesares ... egerant, all that the Caesars had
done in the way of, &c.; see Index, ad v. Armenia.
imaginem, &c., while Wasaces maintained that, &c.
$4 multum (adv.)... disceptato, neut, abl. absol.; after
a long dispute.
XV. 1. imposuit (Paetus).
2. alia ex rebus infaustis, other tales of ignominy arising
from reverses.
quorum simulacrum, &c., an imitation of which insults
(i.e. not the actual ignominy of the jugum, but things
almost as disgraceful) was shewn by the Armenians in
their conduct.

4, concedente, yielding them up.

$6. Arsaniam, &c. (perrupit Vologeses).
regem; gov. by proximus; all those about his person.
XVI. 1. prodiderit, i.e. in his despatches to Nero; these
would be preserved in the Acta Senatus or Acta Diurna;
others expl. of commentarii, or a history of these trans
actions, by Corbulo, which Tacitus used as an anthority,
as the tenses of prodiderit and adjicit shew.
572 TACITI ANNALIUM W. [ch. xvi.

copiarum, here, supplies, provisions; cf. i. 68,7; iii.

54, 7.
attrito, i.e. nearly all consumed.
relicturos (fuisse), would have raised the siege.
2. cautum (esse), &c., i.e. gave his guarantee by oath
taken at the standards; at the principia; the signa and
aquilae were the gods of a Roman legion.
3. Qua ut, &c., and though these particulars should be
regarded as devised to increase the disgrace of Paetus,
yet, &c.
quadraginta millium, &c.; shewing the hurry of his
retreat; twenty Roman miles per day, or twenty-four
at quick march (pleno gradu), was the usual daily
journey; Vegetius, i. 9.
$ 4, insignium; see on i. 24, 4, insignibus.
$6. apud minores magis; i.e. and the lower a man's rank,
the more pity he shewed.

XVII. 1. Hoc ; Corbulo.

laborem, i.e. of his hurried march to relieve Paetus.
integra utrique cuncta, i.e. that nothing was lost for
either of them (himself and Corbulo); that the road to
victory was just as open to them as ever it was.
2. Corbulo (respondit); supply se with habere.
egressum (esse se); so with repetiturum.
3. Sic quoque, even as it was, he said.
equitem, i.e. of the Parthians; he feared their getting
before him and invading Syria.
4. castella, &c.; see ch. 9, 2, collesque adversi, &c.
medium, i.e. the boundary between Rome and Parthia.
 xix.] NOTES. 573

$ 5. diversis, of the enemy; others expl., posted in dif

ferent quarters.
arbitro, here, master, ruler.

XVIII. 1. integro, undecided; i.e. before the surrender

of Paetus.
dum aspectui consulitur, from regard to outward show,
i.e. the ornamenting of Rome with the tropaea and
arctus,

spreta, &c., i.e. in defiance of the public knowledge of

the truth.

2. securitatem, &c., the public confidence about the sup

plies.
3. portu in ipso; Ostia.
4. Qui... anteissent, for having (as he said) outrun (in
their expenses) the regular revenues of the state.
sexcenties sesterti(or)um, i.e. sixty millions of, &c.

XIX. 1. cum ... plerique orbi ... asciscerent filios, ex

planatory of mos, &c. : that many childless per
sons, &c.
propinquis, &c., when the elections (of magistrates) or
the allotment of provinces were at hand. The lex Papia
Poppaea de maritandis ordinibus prescribed: qui candida
torum plures liberos habebit, praefertor; see on ii. 51, 2,
quod lex jubebat (end of note), and iii. 25.
inter patres, i.e. in competition with (real) fathers.
2. adeunt, i.e. the patres thus cheated.
invidia, &c., i.e. with loud remonstrances, bitter com
plaints.
educandi (liberos), of bringing up, &c.
574 TACITI ANNALIUM XV. [ch. xix.
3. Satis pretii esse, it was enough compensation, they
urged, for the childless, that, &c.
cuncta prompta, &c., i.e. all their wishes anticipated;
for orbitas at Rome see on iii. 25, 2, praevalida (end of
note).
4. Sibi, for them, i.e. who were really fathers.
promissa legum, i.e. the advantages (in competition)
promised by the laws (to those who had children), see
1, above, propinquis, &c.
orbus, i.e. childless (again); when his object was at
tained; see 1, above, emitterent manu, &c.
longa, long-cherished.
5, ex eo, accordingly.
senatus consultum ; the S. C. Memmianum referred to
the consulship of C. Memmius Regulus, A.D. 63.
ne simulata, &c., that no pretence of, &c.
juvaret, &c., i.e. should give a right to (qualify a man
for) any public office.

XX. 1. reus agitur, is arraigned.

ceteris, &c., i.e. not only on all the other charges
usual with provincial despots, presuming on excessive
wealth to wrong their inferiors, but one expression of
his, &c.; ut is equivalent to quibus.
proconsulibus, &c.; his contempt for the proconsules
was an insult to the Senate, whose nominees they were;
see pp. 99, 100.
grates agerentur; such votes of thanks were of great
advantage to the recipient in obtaining further public
honours; Pliny the younger, in his Panegyricus, lxx.,
writes: efficacissimum pro candidato genus est rogandi
gratias agere; see on ch. 22, 2, ad concilium, &c.
-xxi.] NOTES. 575

2. exempla homesta, salutary warnings.

apud bonos... gigni, are inspired in good citizens.
3. Cinciam rogationem; see on xi. 5, 3.
Julias leges; for the plural see on iii. 25, 1, Julias
rogationes; the Julia lex here referred to was one
passed under Augustus, de ambitu.
Calpurnia scita ; a plebiscitum passed in B.C. 149, by
the tribunus plebis, C. Calpurnius Piso; see Liddells
Rome, ch, liii. 9, 1.
$ 5. nobis opinio decedat, &c., i.e. and that the idea may
be banished from our midst, that a man's reputation
(lit., what sort of man each is esteemed) depends upon
aught else than the judgment of his fellow-citizens,
meaning that the provincials, who were foreigners, were
not to decide upon the merits or demerits of Roman
governors, and referring to the boast of Timarchus,
a Cretan, that he alone could procure the coveted vote
of thanks for proconsuls of Crete.

XXI. 1. privati; such as senators who had a libera

legatio; see xii. 23, 1, or equites illustres.
2. alicujus (externi).
decernitur, i.e. in the Senate at Rome.
3. ostentandi; supply facultas, or, occasio; see on xiii.
26, 4, grave.
$4. demeremur, are trying to oblige people.
gratiam, &c., impregnable to influence.
$ 5. finis, i.e. the closing period of their administration.
inclinat, degenerates, alters for the worse.
suffragia, i.e. to support the vote of thanks desired by
the provincial governor on leaving office.
576 TACITI ANNALIUM XV. [ch. xxi.

quaesi arceantur, i.e. if this system be abolished.

aquabilius, with more consistent equity.

XXII. 1. abnuentibus; they knew how much Paetus

Thrasea was disliked by Nero.
relatum; the verbal subst.= relationem; putting the
question, putting it to the vote; cf. on xiii. 49, 2,
relationem ... postulare. Without this formality no se
natus-consultum could be made; cf. xiii. 26, 2.

2. sanxere (patres).
ad concilium, &c., should propose in a provincial
council that, &c.; these grates, therefore, were addresses
of thanks from the inhabitants of the province, when
the period of administration was over. Cf. Agricola,
9, 5, nefamam quidem ... per artem quasivit.
neu quis (provincialium).
ea legatione, &c., i.e. should come to Rome on such
a mission.

3. gymnasium; see on xiv. 47, 3.

4. capta est; see on ii. 86, 1, capiendam.

XXIII. 1. Verginio Rufo ; see Class. Dict, ad v.

mortale, &c., i.e. with a joy beyond what is becoming
to man; since the joy of man may soon be turned to
grief.
3. Actiacae religionis; the sacred games at Actium,
Actiaci ludi; see Class. Dict, Nicopolis, 1.
Fortunarum; the Fortunae sorores; cf. Martial, v.1, 3.
At Antium Fortuna was worshipped in the names of
Fortuna equestris and Fortuna prospera; see iii. 71.
-xxv.] NOTES. 577

Bovillas; see ii. 41, 1, sacrarium genti Juliae, &c.

Claudiae Domitiaque (genti); because of Nero's pa
rentage, as (adopted) son of Claudius, and son of Cn.
Domitius Ahenobarbus.

4. censentium; in the Senate,

divae; cf. xvi. 6, 3; 21, 2.
5. laetitia; at the child's birth: Gr. genit. of reference,
with immodicus.
prohibitum, when forbidden (to present himself at
Antium).
$6. Unde ; i.e. from Seneca's freedom of speech; his
congratulating Nero on having Thrasea again for his
friend.

XXIV. 1. priora, &c., ... omittere, had now nothing to

say about the old and much-discussed claims to, &c.
quamvis, with potentium.
2. clausum (esse a se); in Tigranocerta; see ch. 4.
3. urbem, Rome.
sacerdotii, &c.; he was Magus.
Iturum (esse Tiridaten); he would, however, resort to
the standards, &c., (i.e. of the legions in Parthia);
these would be representatives of Nero's sovereign
power; for imagines in connexion with signa see iv. 2,
ad fin., effigies ... inter principia, and Index, ad v.
imago.

XXV. 1. Talibus, abl. absol.; such being the tone

of, &c.
rebus integris, &c., to the effect that matters were in
their original state.
Pp
578 TACITI ANNAIIUM XV. [ch. xxw,

2. qui peterent, &c., their mocking iromy, in asking for,

&c. ; the subj. is used as explaining irrisu, not simply
stating a fact concerning barbarorum.
3. inscitia, abl.
piguerat, for they were dissatisfied with, &c.
4. remittuntur (legati Parthorum).
5. eaeecutio, i.e. administratio. -

quinta decima legio ... e Pannonia ; see i. 16, 1, and

23, 6.
6. regibus ; see on xiii. 8, 8, socii reges.
prfectis ; this is supposed to refer only to the prses
gypti ; we see below, ch. 26, 2, that troops were sent
for from Egypt.
procuratoribus, not the procuratores Csaris (p. 100)
but governors of smaller provinces, such as Juda ; see
Index, ad v. procurator.
qui prtorum, &c., to those prtors who, &c. ; the
proprtores must be meant who governed Syria and
Phoenicia, and, perhaps, the proconsules of Pontus, Bi
thynia, &c., see p. 100.
Cn. Pompeio, &c. ; Liddell's Rome, ch. lxiii. 10, 11.

XXVI. 1. quarta et duodecima legionibus ; see ch. 7, 2.

quoque, &c., all the bravest men,
seztam ... ac tertiam legiones ; for the tertia legio see
xiii. 35, 4, adjecta ex Germania legio, and for serta
legio, ii. 79, 3.
2. legionem quintam ; see ch. 6, 6, ch. 10, 1,
cladis ; which had befallen Paetus.
quintadecimanos ; see on ch. 25, 5.
vexilla, &c. ; see on ii. 78, 8.
-xxvii.] NOTES. 579

quodque (erat sibi) alarum, &c., all the cavalry and

infantry auxiliaries that he had. Cf. Histories, ii. 11,
4, and on iv. 5, 6, above.
regum; see ch. 25, 6, regibus.
3. lustratum ; the custom was, when a general had
a fresh army collected, to purify it by the suovetaurilia,
cf. vi. 37, 2: Caesar, Bell. Gall, viii. 52; Livy, i. 44.
A boar, a ram, and a bull were led three times round
the army, and then sacrificed to Mars.
ad concionem; at the tribunal of his camp; see on
i. 18, 4.
orditur magnifica, speaks in lofty terms.
auspiciis imperatoriis (i.e. of Nero); see on ii. 41, 1,
ductu Germanici, &c. He would promise the troops
brilliant successes under those auspices.
declinans, imputing.

XXVII. 1. L. Lucullo; Liddell's Rome, ch. lxiii. 7.

apertis (iis), &c., i.e. opening as he went the paths
which, &c.
vetustas; one hundred and thirty-two years had passed
since the march of Lucullus; that was B.C. 68, this
A.D. 63.
adjungit; i.e. to return with the envoys.
nec enim ... ventum (esse), things were not, Corbulo
urged, yet gone so far that, &c.
3. Scire (se), he was aware, he continued.
intus; in Parthia.

$4. adjicere, historical infin.

megistanas, the great chiefs; said to be the Greek form
of the native word mehestan.
plana, edita, i.e. oppida in planis, in editis locis.
580 TACITI ANNALIUM XV. [ch. xxviii.

XXVIII. 1. neque atrox in summam, was not inclined to

extremities on the general question; in, with regard to,
Greek els. summa refers to peace, as compared to in
duciae.

prafecturis; the governments, satrapies, of the me

gistanes whom Corbulo had attacked.
2. Tempus propinquum; supply delectum est from below.
cum barbaris; and though an early day, and the
place, in which, &c., was selected by, &c.
3. angebatur; with this reading infamia is abl.; i.e. Cor
bulo did not let the Parthians suppose that he, as a
Roman, was annoyed at, &c.; he sent the son of Paetus,
as below, expressly to shew that he attached little im
portance to the surrender of Paetus.
4. Tiberius Alexander; see Index.
minister ... datus ; i.e. by Nero, as adjutor to Cor
bulo.
senatoria atate; at this time the twenty-fifth year,
when the quaestorship might be held.
honore, i.e. ob honorem, to shew honour to Tiridates.
5. assumpti; by Corbulo and by Tiridates, as escort.
dexteras miscuere; with the Parthians, a most sacred
pledge of good faith; Josephus, xviii. 9.

XXIX. 1. tuta, &c., supply consilia.

2. supplicem, &c., explanatory of decus, &c.
non adversis, &c., in the hour of Parthia's victory.
3. apud effigiem Caesaris, &c., i.e. should lay at the foot
of an eagle; for effigies see on ch. 24, 3.
nec nisi manu Neronis resumere; cf. xvi. 23, 3, where
-xxx..] NoTES. 581

the arrival of Tiridates in Rome for this purpose is

recorded.

$4. inde, on the Parthian side.

Julgentibus aquilis, &c.; cf. on i. 24, 4, insignibus.
6. magnis, &c., abl. absol.; while all men's hearts were
greatly stirred; quos augebat may then be rendered,
while their emotion was increased by, &c.
$7. versos, &c.; now, they felt, there was a change of
fortune.
iturum (esse), i.e. to Rome.
quanto minus, &c., i.e. and very little better than, &c.

XXX. 1. ut initia, &c., as, for instance, (when he ob

served) that, &c.
initia vigiliarum, &c. At the beginning of each of the
four vigilia centurions went the rounds, visited the sen
try-posts (vigilias obibant ; Histories, ii. 29, 3).
convivium bucina dimitti; at the dinner-hour the trum
peters gave the signal at the general's tent for the sen
tries of the night to be posted; and a like signal an
nounced the end of dinner. The buccina was a crooked
horn, the lituus a curved trumpet, clarion; see Smith's
Lat. Dict, buccina, and Dict. Antiq., lituus.
augurale ; see on ii. 13, 1.
aram; for offerings of the meats and wine at dinner.
attollens (Corbulo), giving a high-flown account of all.
prisci moris; Tiridates wonder was increased by hear
ing that all these were time-honoured solemn usages of
his hosts.
affecit (Tiridaten).
2. aditurus, &c., as he was going to address himself to,
undertake, &c.
582 TACITI ANNALIUM XV. [ch. xxxi

XXXI. 1. Pacorum ... Wologesen; brothers of Tiridates;

cf. ch. 1, 1 ; 2, 1.
apud Medos, i.e. in some small town or in his camp,
in Media; Ecbatana was the capital of Media.
ferrum traderet ; the Parthians wore the acinaces even
at table, and regarded it as an indignity to lay it aside.
Dion Cassius, lxiii. 2, informs us that Tiridates did not
deliver up his even to Nero, but had it nailed in the
scabbard.
obtinentium, &c.; the governors of Roman provinces.
complexu ... arceretur ; in the life of Severus by
AElius Spartianus, ch. ii., there is a pleasant story that
Severus (L. Septimius), the Roman emperor, when le
gatus Africa, was met by one of his fellow-townsmen
of Leptis (Class. Dict., Leptis, 1), and embraced by him
as an old friend, whereupon Severus had him cudgelled,
while a herald criedPlebeian, mind how you em
brace a legate of the Roman people. -

foribusve ... assisteret, i.e. be kept waiting there, for

an interview; he should have the entre. On the in
solence of this kind shewn by Roman officials to the
turba salutantium, compare that of Sejanus to the sena
tors in iv. 74, 5, 6.
2. valet, is thought much of

XXXII. 1. jus Latii; Liddell's Rome, ch. xxvii. 16,

and ch. lvii. 11. Nero gave them the Latin franchise,
Latinitas.
Equitum Romanorum locos... apud circum; for ordini
bus, below, refers to the theatre; see on vi. 3, 1.
3. plures, i.e. than in former years; opposed to pari, of
the number of gladiators.
per arenam, i.e. by performing there; cf. xiv. 14, 6.
-xxxv.] NOTES. 583

XXXIII. 1, frequentandi, &c., i.e. of performing on the

publie stage.
juvenalibus ludis, at the Juvenalia; see on xiv. 15, 1.
angustos, &c., not affording room to display, &c.
2. Neapolim quasi Graecam urbem;" Class. Dict, ad v.
Neapolis, 1. Here were kept up the Greek language,
customs, gymnasia, theatres, and games: cf. Livy,
viii. 22.
inde initium fore, there, he thought, he would make
a beginning, &c.
Achaiam ; the Roman province, Greece.
3. oppidanorum; of Naples.
per honorem, i.e. as courtiers.
per varios usus, i.e. as attendants.

XXXIV. 1. triste, a thing of evil omen.

providum, providential.
3. sutrinae taberna; Martial, x. 3, xiv. 96; Juvenal,
v. 46: drinking-cups with nozzles were introduced by
him, and called Vatinia. -

in contumelias, i.e. to make game of him; at Nero's

dinner-parties.
etiam malos; i.e. even such scoundrels as Tigel
linus, &c.

XXXV. 1. Torquatus Silanus ; Class. Dict, Silanus,

Junius, 10.
ferebat, i.e. could boast of, &c.
2. prodigum (esse), i.e. to charge him with being, &c.
neque aliam spem (ei), and that he had no other, &c.
3. ab epistolis, &c., amanuenses, secretaries, treasurers;
584 TACITI ANNALIUM XV, [ch. xxxv

a libellis was an officer charged with receiving petitions;

in French, maitre des requtes; a rationibus, an ac
countant; see Smith's Lat. Dict, ab. c. iv. 4.
nomina, &c., i.e. titles which belonged to, and shewed
he was preparing for, imperial power; cf. esp. xvi.
* **

XXXVI. 1. Achaia, &c.; see ch. 33, 2.

provincias ... agitans, i.e. meditating a visit to, &c.
2. super, concerning, to pray for success in.
3. nunquam timore vacuus ; cf. xvi. 15, 2, pavidum semper.
$ 4, aditurus esset (ille), cujus, &c.
adversum fortuita, i.e. under the strokes of fortune.
5. proxima pignora, i.e. nearest ties, in blood.
parendumque (esse), &c., and he must yield to them
when they desired to keep him : force of the present
participle.
7. quod evenerat, i.e. his staying in Rome.

XXXVII. 1. perinde latum (esse), i.e. that he enjoyed

nothing so much as being at Rome.
5. Oceano abusque, brought even from the ocean (for ab
Oceano usque). Oceanus was the name given to the
outer waters of the earth, as opposed to the inner seas;
especially to the Atlantic, as distinguished from the
Mediterranean; see Class. Dict., Oceanus.

$ 7. quantum juxta memoris (erat), all the neighbouring

grove.

$ 8. quo corruptior ageret, so that he could reach lower

depths of defilement.
-xxxviii.] NOTES. 585

9, flammeum; cf. Juvenal, x. 334,

auspices; on these at marriages, see on xi. 27, 1,
auspicum.

XXXVIII. 1, incertum, &c.; Pliny the elder, Hist.

Natur., xvii. 1, ascribes it to Nero's orders; Dio Cassius,
lxii. 16, expressly charges Nero with it, as being de
sirous to see, like Priam, the burning of his capital:
Suetonius, Nero, 38, ascribes it to his wish to clear away
the old buildings and crooked streets, and to make room
for his famous palace, the aurea domus.
acciderunt, &c.; (1) by the Gauls, B.c. 390, Livy, v.
41: (2) A.D. 27, when the mons Caelius was ravaged, iv.
64, above: (3) A.D. 36; above, vi. 45.
2. circi; the Circus Maximus; see Class. Dict, Roma,
F. IV. Circi, l, and the plan of Rome opposite p. 649.
It began at the eastern end of the Circus, abutting on
the valley between the Palatine and the Coelian hills,
(Dr. Merivale, whom see, vi. p. 345, note 1).
per tabernas; i.e. wooden booths and stores leaning
against the outer walls of the Circus. Dionysius of
Halicarnassus, iii. 68, (Class. Dict, Dionysius, II.
Literary, 4), describes these exterior galleries as a one
story piazza or arcade, containing workshops, with
living-rooms over them.
quo flamma alitur, such as oil, pitch, resin, sulphur.
simul captus ... et statim validus, i.e. becoming violent
directly it began.
citus, here, driven, = concitatus; cf. ii. 6, 3, cita remis
(naves).
vento, &c., the wind from the east drove the flames
towards the corner of the Palatine, whence they forked
586 TACITI ANNALIUM XV. [ch. xxxviii.,

in two directions, following the draught of the valleys;

(Dr. Merivale, see vol. vi. pp. 346 sqq.; his text and
notes, here largely drawn upon, are the best commentary
on the description of Tacitus).
3. munimentis, i.e. solid walls, massive masonry.
4. Impetu, &c., spreading in its fury first through, &c.
in edita (loca), to the higher parts of the city. The
flames shot up to the heights adjacent, and swept the
basements of many noble structures on the Palatine
and Aventine.
rursus inferiora populando: again they plunged into
the lowest levels of the city, the dense habitations and
narrow winding streets of the Velabrum and Forum
Boarium, till stopped by the river and the walls. At
the same time another torrent rushed towards the Welia
and the Esquiline, and sucked up all the dwellings
within its reach, till it was finally arrested by the cliffs
beneath the gardens of Maecenas. See Class. Dict,
Roma, for localities.
obnoxia urbe, and from the citys being liable (to
conflagration), through the passages being marrow and
crooked, and the irregular construction of the principal
streets: see esp. Livy, v. 55, on the method of rebuilding
the city after the fire of the Gauls; festinatio curam
exemit vicos dirigendi (they were in too great a hurry
to lay out straight streets, i.e. keep the houses in line),
&c.; and ea est causa ut ... forma urbis sit occupatae
magis, quam divisa, similis, the form of the city is rather
like a place capriciously taken possession of than pro
perly laid out: for vici see Class. Dict, Roma, II.
enormibus, i.e. non ad lineam rectam aedificatis; ex
plained by Livy, above.
xxxix.] NOTES. 587

5. fessa... atas, i.e. the infirmity of age and the helpless

ness of childhood; nomin. to impediebant. -

pars mora (abl.), some by lingering.

cuncta impediebant, i.e. all these things prevented the
extinguishing of the flames.
7. diurni... victus (fortuna), even such as concerned, or,
sufficed for, &c.
$ 8, defendere (incendium).

XXXIX. 1. qua ... continuaverat, i.e. which he had

built to connect, &c.; called the domus transitoria Nero
mis; Class. Dict., Roma, XVI. 1 : the long colonnades
with which he had connected the mansion on the Pala
time with the villa of Maecenas. (Dr. Merivale, vi.
350, where see note 1).
Macenatis hortos; Class. Dict., Roma, XVII. Horti,
4; cf. esp. Horace, Satires, i. 8, 14, and Macleane's
note.

2. monumenta Agrippa, i.e. the buildings erected by

Agrippa (Class. Dict. Agrippa, M. Vipsanius) in the
Campus Martis: these were (a) his sepulcrum ; (b) porti
cus (Class. Dict, Roma, X. Porticoes, 2): (c) therma
(Roma, VIII. 1); (d) Pantheon (Roma, III. Temples,
41): also horti, a temple of Neptune, &c.
utensilia, necessaries, provisions.
ad ternos nummos; i.e. nearly fivepence halfpenny per
modius (nearly two gallons).
3. popularia, devised to please the people.
in irritum cadebant, were thrown away.
domesticam, &c., i.e. his private theatre.
Trojanum excidium, &c.; this poem, t Towird, was
588 TACITI ANNALIUM XV. [ch. xxxix.

Nero's composition; Juvenal, viii. 220-1. Suetonius,

Nero, 38, relates that he viewed the fire from the turris
Maecenatiana of his villa, and, delighted with what he
called the charming flams, sang of the capture of Troy
in his theatrical dress.

XL. 1. Sexto demum die, not till the sixth day.

Esquilias, &c., i.e. at the foot of the cliffs beneath
the gardens of Maecenas, as above: see Class. Dict,
Roma, B. 5, and Macleane's Horace, note on Satires,
i. 8, 14.
campus, an open space.
continua, &c., i.e. might check the furious progress it
made through uninterrupted buildings.
2. redibat... ignis; this fire commenced at the point
where the AEmilian gardens of Tigellinus abutted on
the outskirts of the city beneath the Pincian hill.
(Dr. Merivale, vi. p. 347).
patulis... locis, explanatory of levius.
porticus; Class. Dict, Roma, X.
3. infamie, &c., i.e. excited the more suspicion.
praediis... AEmilianis, i.e. on his ground (at his gar
dens) in the Vicus AEmilianus, in the seventh Regio;
Roma, B. 7, Via Lata.
4. quattuor integra ; these were the Regiones XIV.
(Transtiberina), W. (Esquilina), WI. (Alta Semita),
I. (Porta Capena).
tres... dejecta; these were the Regiones XI. (Circus
Maximus), X. (Palatium), III. (Isis et Serapis).
septem reliquis ; see Class. Dict, Roma, B.
xli.] NOTES. 589

XLI. 1. Domuum... insularum (blocks of tenements); see

on vi. 45, 1.
vetustissima religione, but (among those) of greatest
age and sanctity, that which, &c.; see Class. Dict,
Roma, F. III., Temples, 6, 51, 23, 4.
Lunae; see Ovid, Fasti, iii. 883; Horace, Carmen
Saculare, 69. In this temple L. Mummius placed
works of Greek art brought by him from Corinth; cf.
2, below.
Herculi, &c.; Livy, i. 7; Virgil, AEneid, viii. 270;
and cf. Ovid, Fasti, i. 581.
praesenti, i.e. when still alive and at Rome.
vota Romulo; Livy, i. 12.
Numa regia; an unpretending house, built by Numa
for his own residence; Plutarch, Numa, 14; Ovid,
Tristia, iii. 1, 29.
penatibus populi Romani; images of gods, brought,
according to tradition, by AEneas from Troy, and pre
served in the temple of Vesta. The Palladium would be
also consumed in this temple; Ovid, Tristia, as above.

2. Jam opes, &c., then again, &c.

Graecarum artium decora; as statues, pictures, bronzes,
chased cups; many of these were placed in temples;
Class. Dict., Roma, F. III., Temples, 28, 35.
monumenta, &c. (supply exusta sunt, from above), i.e.
ancient and unadulterated copies of the works (writings)
of men of genius.
quamvis ... meminerint; i.e. although, with all the
beauty (in spite of all the beauty), &c., old men can
call to mind, &c.; this clause shews the greatness of the
damage done; all these things were destroyed, though
the loss of many was irreparable.
 590 TACITI ANNALIUM XV. [ch. xli.
seniores; Tacitus refers to those with whom he had
himself conversed; men between seventy and eighty
years of age would be well able to remember, when
Tacitus was collecting materials for the Annals, the fire
which had occurred in A.D. 64, when Tacitus was about
ten years old.
quae reparari nequibant; this may refer both to
masterpieces of Greek art, and to documents, trophies,
images, &c. See Merivale, vi. p. 349.
3. XIV. Kal. Sextiles; July 19th.
Senones, &c., in A.U.C. 364; B.C. 390.
$4. totidem annos mensesque et dies. This obscure pas
sage, according to Grotefend, means this: From 19th
July, 364 (A.U.C.), to 19th July, 817 (A.U.C.) are 453
years, which period is made up of417 years, 417 months,
and 417 days, except about 40 days; taking A.U.C. 363
for the date of the Gaulish fire, the interval is 454 years,
which is made up of 418 years, 418 months, 418 days,
except only 8 days, (from Dr. Merivale's note, 6,
p. 348).
cura, in investigation.

XLII. 1. patriae ruinis ; this is expl. of the extent of

waste ground covered by Nero's new palace: others in
clude also the dbris of the citizens houses, left by
the fire: he turned to account the destruction of his
country: for patria, used of Rome, cf. on iv. 58, 3.
domum; the palace called Domus Aurea; Class. Dict,
Roma, XVI. Palaces, Dr. Merivale, vi. 355-6.
arva (fr. aro) prop., cultivated lands; here, perhaps,
of gardens: see Martial, i. 2, 5. On the extent of this
palace and grounds see Merivale, vi, p. 357, and notes.
592 TACITI ANNALIUM XV. [ch. xliii.,

cohibita, i.e. limited by law. Augustus had fixed

70 feet; Trajan, afterwards, 60.
areis, i.e. open spaces left.
protegerent, i.e. from fire, as it seems.
2. extructurum (esse se).
dominis, the owners, proprietors; of the insulae round
which were the area.
purgatas, i.e. cleared of the dbris left by the fire.
For area see Horace, Odes, i. 9, 18, and Macleane's
note.

3. ordine, rank.
apiscerentur (praemia), if they finished their houses or
blocks of tenements within the fixed time.

4. utique, and ordered that, &c.

jam aqua, &c., and moreover, in order that the water,
which was, &c.
intercepta, i.e. secretly drawn from the public aque
ducts.
in publicum, for the public use.
custodes; gov. by haberet, below, with which, and
ambirentur, supply ut, after destinabat, above. These
custodes were castellarii or aquarii (inspectors of water
pipes), and are not to be confounded with the curatores
aquarum, who were important officers in charge of the
repair of the aqueducts.
subsidia, &c., i.e. siphones and hamae.
in propatulo, in the open court.
communione, &c., party-walls; paries is, properly,
a wall as the side of a building, or as a partition sepa
rating rooms; murus, a city-wall, then, an outer en
closing wall. It was already provided by the XII.
Tables that there should be no party-walls, but a clear
xliv.] MOTES. 593

space of two feet and a half round both domus and in

sula: ; ambitus parietum sestertius pes esto.
quaque (domus).
5. accepta, i.e. pleasing to the people.
at nunc, &c., whereas now, they say, &c.

XLIV. 1. petita, &c.; i.e. they enquired in the libri

Sibyllae what piacula the gods wished for.
supplicatum (est), &c., and, in accordance with them,
prayers were offered to, &c.
aqua... perspersum est; cf. Ovid., Fasti, iii. 12; iv.
136, 337 sqq. The custom of washing statues, as a kind
of symbolical purification, was observed by both the
Greeks and Romans.
sellisternia; at certain religious solemnities, enjoined
for thanking or appeasing the gods, the altars were
covered with viands, and, as if the gods were invited to
the banquet, their statues were placed around, those of
gods on lecti (the couches on which men reclined at
table), of goddesses on sella (the seats on which women
sat); hence lectisternia and sellisternia, according as
a god or goddess was being worshipped.
2. infamia, &c., lit., did the dark suspicion (against Nero)
die away, so that it was not believed, &c.; was Nero
relieved from the infamy of the fire's being thought
ordered by him.
3. subdidit reos, invented some culprits; or, falsely
charged and, &c., those whom, &c.
per flagitia; alluding to the charges brought against
their proceedings at their yrau; see Tertullian, Apo
logia, vii.
Christianos; first so called, under Claudius, at An
Q q
594 TACITI ANNALIUM XV. [ch. xliv.

tioch; the Jews called them Nagapatoi and Taxi.Aarot:

see Alford's note on Acts xi. 26.
4. procuratorem; of Judaea, subject to the legatus of
Syria; see Class. Dict, Palaestina, for the successive
changes in the government of Judaea.
exitiabilis superstitio; Tacitus' friend, Pliny the
younger, in his famous letter (Epp. x. 97; see Class.
Dict, Plinius, 2), speaks of it as superstitio prava et
immodica.
celebrantur, i.e. find reception, are taken up.
5. fatebantur, i.e. that they were Christiani.
indicio eorum; see Merivale, vi. 446 sqq. and notes.
odio humani generis, for their hatred to, &c. Tacitus
has brought the same charge against the Jews, His
tories, v. 5, 2. The Christians would be exposed to such
a charge from their keeping aloof from the public games,
religious festivals, &c.
$6. flammandi, i.e. doomed to burn; supply interirent;
the following words, atque ... urerentur, further explain
flammandi.
in usum, &c., i.e. were used like burning torches, to
give light at night; referring to their being wrapped in
the pitched shirt, tunica molesta; Martial, x. 25; Juve
nal, i. 155 sq.; viii. 235.
$ 7. Hortos ; xiv. 14, 3. Class. Dict, Roma, XVII.,
Horti, 5.
8, novissima, &c.; see on xii. 20, 4.
tanquam ... absumerentur, from the reflection that they
were perishing, &c.
XLV. 1. civitatium libera; see Liddell's Rome, ch.
xxvii. 17.
-xlvii.] INOTES. 595

2. prospere, either after successes; alluding to triumphis,

as in metu to votis.
3. Secundo Carinate; cf. Juvenal, vii. 204.
4 ore tenus, &c., i.e. though he had philosophy on his
tongue; cf. xvi. 32, 3, of Egnatius.
5. aeger nervis; this is expl., ill of the gout.

XLVI. 1. eruptione, &c., i.e. having tried to break out

of prison; see Class. Dict., Spartacus, for a commen
tary.
adesset; subj, as expressing the cause of the outbreak
being suppressed, qui = quippe qui.
ut est, &c., as is the way with the populace, eager
for, and yet fearful of, &c.
2. accipitur, is heard of: for this classis see iv. 5, 1,
Misenum, &c.
mon exceptis, i.e. in his orders; without any allowance
for, &c.

3. gravi, &c., abl. absol.; as, &c., was blowing.

XLVII. 1. sidus cometes, &c.; cf. xiv. 22. Seneca writes

of this comet as that qui sub Nerone apparuit et cometis
detrarit infamiam (i.e. because no disaster followed its
appearance, he must mean). Generally, on the evil in
fluence of Comets, see Virgil, AEneid, x. 272, cometa:
Sanguinei lugubre rubent; Lucan, Pharsalia, i. 528, ter
ris mutantem regna cometen; Statius, Thebaid, i. ad fin.,
mutent quae sceptra cometa: ; Silius Italicus, Punica, i.
460, terret fera regna cometes; thus they are made to
presage evil to tyrants (reges, regna, sceptra, with the
Romans).
596 TACITI ANNALIUM XV. [ch. xlvii

2. Bicipites, &c.; the double head was a portent of un

natural rivalry; Lucan, i. 626 sqq.
gravidas hostias immolare mos est: see Ovid, Fasti, iv.
630, and Paleys note.
3. esset; subj. implies, as people said.
4. aliud caput, &c., i.e. that a conspiracy to set up an
other ruler was on foot.
repressum, &c., i.e. the growth (of the calf) had been
checked, &c. (referring to non fore validum), and it was
born, &c., (referring to neque occultum).

XLVIII. 1. caepta, &c., i.e. at the time of a conspiracy

which became formidable directly it was started.
nomina dederant; properly of recruits (tirones) having
their names entered on the album militum when a levy
(delectus) was held; cf. Histories, ii. 97, 3.
eques, i.e. knights; miles, military officers.
C. Pisonem; Class. Dict, Piso, Calpurnius, 17.
2. complexus, i.e. connected with.
3. largitionem adversum amicos; cf. esp. Juvenal, v.
108-9.
comi sermone (erat), &c., even to strangers he shewed
courtesy in speech and address.
4. Aderant, &c., he had also the accidental advantages
of, &c.
procul (erant), were quite foreign to his character.
lenitati, &c., good living, and sumptuous display,
and, sometimes, debauchery (or, profligate excess).
5. dulcedine, &c., i.e. seduced by the charms of vice.
summum imperium, &c., wish for a ruler who is not
strait-laced or over-strict.
-l.] NOTES. 597

XLIX. 1. cupidine, anmbition; see xiv. 65, ad fin.

2. Promptissimos ... extitisse, were most ardent in the
plot.
3. consul designatus; shewing that he stood high in
Nero's favour.
intulere, &c., brought to the aid of the plot a fierce
hatred for Nero.

4. premebat, tried to stifle.

ostentare, i.e. to recite them publicly; cf. Horace,
Satires, i. 4.73 (Macleane's note); Juvenal, i. 13; iii. 9.
vanus assimulatione, being fool enough to compare
himself (to Lucan, as a poet), having the silly vanity
to, &c. Others expl. assimulatione of the likeness of
their (poetical) pursuits, i.e. foolishly jealous from the
likeness of, &c. Others read amulatione, and expl., from
a ridiculous rivalry.
5. contra famam sui, &c., i.e. belied their reputation when
they took a leading part in so hazardous an enterprise.
$6. et proinde vita, &c., and so his life was passed in list
less sloth.

L. 1. jaciunt, &c., discuss the crimes of Nero, and (de

clare) that the dissolution of the empire is at hand, and
a man must be chosen to restore the afflicted state; or,
to save the state from ruin.
finem adesse imperio; see on ch. 47, 1, sidus cometes.
e praecipua, &c., who had been one of the chief in
timates of, &c., or, a man on terms of remarkable in
timacy with, &c.
eo, on that account.
2. rettuli, ch. 49.
militares manus, the good right-hands of the officers, &c.
598 TACITI ANNALIUM XV. [ch, l,--

3. praefecto, i.e. of the praetorians.

quasi, &c., explaining criminationibus, on pretext of
his being, &c.
laudatum, &c., though esteemed for his good life and
reputation. -

$4. facta (est) fides, assurance was given them, (con

juratis).
in partes descendisse, had entered the lists on their side,
5. impetum, &c., a strong inclination to attack, &c.
ardente domo, when the palace, &c.; some expl. this
of the great fire; others, of a design to set the new
palace on fire.
$6. Hic, in the latter case.
ipsa frequentia, &c., the very crowds that would wit
mess, &c., i.e. at the theatre.
pulcherrimum, &c., had roused his noble soul (i.e. and
would have driven him to the deed) had not, &c.

LI. 1. cunctantibus, abl. absol., supply conjuratis.

spem ac metum, i.e. the enterprise in which their hopes
and fears were engaged; or, the issue of, &c.; the de
cisive action which would put an end to, &c. -

sciscitata, having informed herself (about the plot),

learned the secret; she wheedled it out of some lover
of hers.
arguere, reproached; others read urguere.
labefacere, i.e. to wean from allegiance to Nero.
Misenensium, &c.; see iv. 5, 1, for this fleet.
2. ut rebatur, &c., i.e. not promoted as high as he thought
he should have been, from the importance of his crimi
nal service to Nero.

3. spem dedit, i.e. to Epicharis.

lii.] NOTES. 599

nec leve auxilium, &c., and there was no slight aid

(slie reflected) to be got from the fleet, and many op
portunities, &c.
multo ... maris usu, in cruising about near, &c.
4. Epicharis plura, i,e, tells him more, enters into par
ticulars.
neque senatui quod manere ; a corrupt passage ; some
read neque senatui fidem manere, nor did (she said), &c.;
others, neque, senatum quod maneret, i.e. nor was there
amy reason for (any use in) waiting for the Senate to
take the initiative.
provisum (esse).
daret, &c., Nero should suffer for ruining the state.
5, Accingeretur, let Proculus only, &c.
6, reticuit, i.e. she would not tell him, when he asked
her; diffrence of taceo and reticeo.

7. composita, confronted with the informer.

III. 1. ezcubiis, i.e. sentries at the doors ; cf. xiv.

44, 2.
rmole, &c., i.e. the burdensome state of his rank.
2. invidiam, i.e. the odium which would attach to him.
sacra mens ; see on xiii. 17, 3 : cf. i. 42, 4, sacra le
gationis.
qualiscunque, i.e. however bad.
spoliis civium extructa ; see on ch, 42, 1, patri ruinis.
This may refer, however, to the plumder mentioned in
ch. 45, 1, 2.
patraturos (esse se id).
3. Haec (dixit), &c., such were his opem sentiments, but
it was really from, &c. -
600 TACITI ANNALIUM XV. [ch, lii

L. Silanus; Class. Dict, Silanus, Junius, 11.

disciplinaque, &c., with sublatus, and by the train
ing, &c., rendered equal to the highest fortune; for
Cassii, see Index, C. Cassius Longinus.
daturis (iis), &c., as they would, &c., who, &c.
4. acre, &c., dreaded the enterprising spirit.
oreretur, should make an effort for, &c.
sui muneris, &c., i.e. have the state in his gift, have
the credit of bestowing the state on him.
5. expleverit; ch. 68, 3.

LIII. 1. die, qui Cereri, &c. The Cerealia; the wan

derings of Ceres in search of Proserpine were repre
sented by women, clothed in white, running about with
lighted torches; Ovid, Fasti, iv. 494. On the last day
of the festival, which began on April 12, and lasted
seven days, games were celebrated in the Circus Maxi
mus; Class. Dict., Roma, F. IV. Circi, 1.
aditus, access, to Nero.
2. Lateranus, ch. 49, 3.
subsidium, &c., assistance for the needs of his house.
3. habuisset, &c., according as each might be off for
daring, might possess his share of, &c., with ceterorum
i.e. the boldest of the other conspirators. -

templo, from, &c.

$4. Opperiretur; after ut, in 2, above.
Faenius; ch. 50, 3.
in castra, i.e. of the praetorians; see iv. 2, 1, and cf.
esp. xii. 69, 3, illatusque castris Nero ... imperator con
salutatur.
Antonia; daughter of Claudius by AElia Petina;
see xii. 2, 1; see Index, and Class, Dict, Antonia, 3:
-liv.] NOTES. 601

as niece of Germanicus (brother of Claudius), she would

conciliate the troops.
C. Plinius; Index, and Class. Dict, Plinius, 1.
5 quoquo modo, &c., i.e. such a thing, however loosely
recorded.
inanem, i.e. from which she would get nothing.
alii matrimonio, i.e. with Antonia; in which case, if
the plot succeeded, it would not be a spes inanis, as she
would share the empire with Piso.
nisi si; i.e. nisi forte, &c., cf. on vi. 25, 1 ; here the
ellipse with si means, supposing Antonia did consent to
join the enterprise; nisi si leaves the matter in doubt.
LIV. 1. inter diversi generis, &c.; supply homines, as in
i. 41, 2, externa fidei.
sermone, &c., abl. absol.; after a long talk.
promptum, &c., i.e. drew from its sheath, &c., and
complaining that it was, &c.
ardescere, &c., cf. Lucan, Pharsalia, vii. 139 sqq.
cotibus asper Exarsit mucro; ardesco here refers, perhaps,
to the heat caused by the whetting; to be sharpened by
friction into a point.
3. manifestus, &c., evidently in deep thought, however
much in his desultory remarks he affected gaiety.
4. de consequentibus, i.e. judging by what followed.
5. fas, i.e. his sacred duty to his patronus.
$6. muliebre, &c., i.e. which was a woman's advice; and
therefore worse than useless.
ultro, &c., i.e. she went out of her way to fill him with
fear; she was not satisfied with the hope of reward being
his motive; she did more; she pressed on him the
danger of not being the first to disclose the plot.
602 TACITI ANNALIUM XV. [ch, liv,

multosque, and urged that, &c.

LW. 1. hortos Servilianos; Histories, iii. 38, 2.

foribus arceretur; see on ch. 31, 1, foribusve assis
teret.
graves, formidable.
3. religione patria, i.e. had been long an object of he
reditary worship in his family.
4. incustodita, &c., i.e. without attending to any distinc
tion of days; whether they were lucky days or not, ac
cording to the astrologers.
tenui, &c., as his property was now but small.
testamento diffideret, i.e. he could not trust to manu
mission effected by will: he feared it would not be car
ried out. The AElia Sentia lex, passed under Augustus,
made void the manumissions of slaves effected by will
for the purpose of defrauding a creditor.
5, amaenam (esse), was one of pleasure, he said.
$6. celera ... objecisset, the rest of the charges he had
brought were notoriously false.
adjungere crimen (indicem), his accuser, he said,
had added this charge, in which he might be at
once, &c.

7. Adjicit, &c., i.e. he brought boldness to the aid of

his words, backed his reasoning by courage.
incusat ultro, &c., i.e. he turned round on his accuser
and accused him as, &c.
securitate, assurance.
labaret, was giving way (in Nero's eyes), i.e. and would
have fallen to the ground, had not, &c.
admonuisset, reminded him that, &c,
-lviii.] NOTES. 603

LVI. 1. diversi, separately.

2. Prior, i.e. was the first of the two to speak.
arguendi peritior; i.e., he knew better what men Nero
would like to have implicated,
$4. tarditatem, i.e., in confessing.
LVII. 1. attineri, was in custody; ch. 51, 8.
2. ignes, i.e. laminae ardentes.
3. gestamine sellae; see on xiv. 4, 6.
vinclofasciae, i.e. her girdle used as a rope.
arcum sellae; i.e. the arched back (or top) of the
chair.
connisa; leaning her weight upon it.
clariore, &c., abl. of description; i.e. displaying a
courage the more signal, in screening, though but
a freedwoman, and under such extreme pressure, &c.
ingenui, in contrast to libertina, as viri to mulier;
equites, senatores, intacti tormentis (opposed to in tanta
necessitate) and carissima pignorum, in completing the
writer's antithesis, make a climax of infamy for the
Innen.

4. Lucanus quoque, even Lucan ; even the liberty

eulogizing author of the Pharsalia.
passim, in all quarters.

LVIII. 2. fora; Class. Dict., Roma, F. I.

Germanis, &c., cf. xiii. 18, 4.
3. agmina, &c., whole troops (of arrested persons) were
dragged along in fetters in one unbroken line.
hortorum (Servilianorum); see ch. 55, 1. Nero was
there.
 604 TACITI ANNALIUM XV. [ch. lviii.

latatum (esse), &c., i.e. not only to have smiled on,

but even, &c.
si... infssent, the having been present along with them
at a party or play.
atrox, &c., by his harshness to his accomplices.
4. annuenti, who asked him by signs.
renuit, signalled back No!
infregit impetum, &c., i.e. checked his movement while
he was actually, &c.

LIX. 1. auditur; i.e. by Nero; ch.55.

in castra; see on ch. 53, 4.
2. aggregarentur, i.e. rushed to support him.
integros, those yet uninvolved.
magnamque, &c., i.e. and a start once made would
, cause a sensation; great would be the effect of a blow
once struck-an effect ever most important in new
enterprises.
3. provisum (esse), no provision against such an attempt
was made, (they urged), by Nero.
scenicus, stage-player of a prince; Juvenal, viii. 198,
citharado principe, of Nero.
4. corporibus; alluding to the tortures employed on
them.
sperare; Piso, they declared, would look in vain
for, &c.
6, mortem approbaret, &c., i.e. died as would please, &c.:
approbare opus, is, properly, to complete a work accord
ing to contract.
prariperetur, i.e. were snatched from him before he
could carry out his purpose.
-lxi.] NOTES. 605

7. favore, i.e. for Nero; they were really trustworthy.

$ 8. Testamentum, &c., he left (lit., he gave in considera
tion of his love for, &c.) a will stuffed with nauseous
flatteries, &c., for his wife's sake, &c.
9, patientia, i.e. in giving up his wife.

LX. 1. illud breve, &c., i.e. nor the usual short time to
choose his mode of death. Others put comma after
breve, and expl., nor even that small favour, the choice
of his mode of death.

2. locum servilibus panis; in the Campus Esquilinus;

see Class. Dict, Roma, F. I. Fora and Campi, 4.
tribuno, &c.; see ch. 50, 2.
3. venenum, &c.; see ch. 45, 6.
$4. Solus, &c., the fact was that Natalis alone (of the con
spirators examined) mentioned Seneca at all, and then
only to this extent.
6. Hac ferre, to communicate this deposition.
$7, prudens, purposely.
rure, at a country-seat of his.

LXI. 2. salutem, &c.; he might have reasoned with Piso

against the conspiracy, or interceded with Nero for him;
but this would have exposed himself to great risk.
privati hominis; opposed to a consularis.
4. quod erat... intimum consiliorum, i.e. who were the
emperor's chief confidants in his cruel work.
$6. fatali, &c., with the cowardice that they all seemed
fated to display.
606 TACITI ANNALIUM XV. [ch. lxi.

7. augebatgue, &c., and yet he added to the list of the

tyrant's crimes.
aspectui pepercit.; see on xii. 47, 7. Silvanus was
ashamed himself to speak to or to see Seneca.

LXII. 1. testamenti tabulas, i.e. the tablets on which

to write his will; not a will already written, as some
expl. ; the codicilli mentioned in ch. 64, 6, were
a document distinct from a will.
quando meritis, &c., after testatur, below.
quod unum, &c., descriptive of imaginem, &c. The
refusal of the centurion to allow a will to be made shewed
that Nero meant to confiscate all his property.
relinquere (se eis).
tum, i.e. praeterea, insuper.
laturos (esse eos).
2. lacrimas eorum, i.e. his weeping friends.
sermone, i.e. tranquillo et familiari, opposed to inten
tior, with more sternness of tone.
in modum corcentis, i.e. in a strain of rebuke.
ratio, &c., the reason which had so many years been
preparing itself against all the strokes of fate; or, the
rules of conduct under impending evils, studied, &c.

LXIII. 1. velut in commune, i.e. to the company in

general.
mollitus, &c., melting a little as regarded the firmness
that possessed him, softened for the moment in con
trast to, &c.
temperaret; gov. by ut after orat, so with toleraret;
i.e. to refrain from indulging (not to open her heart to)
a lasting grief for him.
toleraret, i.e. to try to mitigate by honourable, &c.
-lxiv.] NOTES. 607

4. exemplo, i.e. the honour of such a pattern of courage;

abl. after invidebo; see on i. 22, 2.
5. parco victu, &c.; see ch. 45 ad fin.
7. novissimo quoque, even in his last, &c.
pleraque, &c., dictated a long discourse.
LXIV. 1. nullo, &c., abl. absol.; as he cherished
no, &c.
ignarae, genit. after sanguinem, &c.; whether she was
unconscious of it.
2. ad deteriora, &c., i.e. to put the worse construction
on things.
timuerit (Senecae uxor).
evictam (esse), i.e. yielded to the attractions of, &c.
laudabili, &c., abl. of description; preserving an ho
nourable fidelity to his memory.
spiritus, i.e. energy.
egestum (esse), i.e. by the bleeding she underwent.
3. tractu; some expl., flow (of blood). Others, of the
protracted nature of his death.
venenum, &c., hemlock.
promeret, gov. by ut after orat.
artus, acc. pl. of reference.
cluso, i.e. by his want of vitality.
$ 4, calida aqua, to make the blood flow faster out.
libare ... Jovi Liberatori; cf. xvi. 35, 2. This was in
imitation of the closing libation at Greek banquets, to
Zeus Xothp.
5. balneo; a dry vapour-bath; cf. xiv. 64, 3.
6, codicillis; see on ch. 62, 1. -

supremis, &c., was thinking of his end.

 608 TACITI ANNALIUM XV. [ch. lxv.

LXV. 1. Subrium Flavum; ch. 49, 50, 53.

insontibus (quasi with delecto), by men themselves of
blameless lives, dat. of agent after delecto: Subrius
(ch. 67, 1) speaks of the nobles engaged in the plot
as effeminati.

2. referre, &c., made no difference in the disgrace.

canebat, used to perform.

LXVI. 1. militaris, &c., i.e. the share of the officers

in it.
fefellit = latuit.
accensis indicibus, i.e. his accomplices being so en
raged against him that they denounced him.
inquisitorem, &c.; see ch. 58, 3, ad fin.
2. instanti, &c., replying with a smile to his pressing
questions and threats.
ultro, &c., i.e. and turns the tables on him by begging
him to, &c.
redderet... vicem, to make a return to, &c., i.e. by
disclosing all he knew; supply ut after hortatur.
3. non silentium, i.e. yet he could not hold his peace.

LXVII. 1. consociaturum (fuisse), i.e. and urging that

he would not have, &c.
armatum, soldier as he was.
4 nec minus ... decebat, i.e. and besides, it was right
that the plain courageous words (bold unpolished utter
ance) of, &c.
5. audiendi, &c., i.e. to hear them called by their right
ImallleS.
lxx.] NOTES. 609

8, interfectum (esse eum).

sesquiplaga, lit., with a blow and a half; i.e. that he
had made him die a death and a half. So Caligula
made his victims die with an order to the executioner,
to strike so that they might feel themselves die: Sueto
nius, Caligula, ch. 30.

LXVIII. 1. Proximum, &c., i.e. after Subrius, he shewed

the most remarkable courage.
flagitiis ejus subveniri, &c., i.e. in no other way could
Nero be rescued from the disgrace of his crimes.
2. degeneravere, i.e. lost their wonted courage.
3. ex conjuratis, with quidam, plures, below.
4, facetiis, &c., by his sarcastic witticisms.
5. repens; see on vi. 7, 4.
Statiliam Messalinam; Class. Dict., Messalina, 1.

LXIX. 1. speciem judicis, &c.; he could not assume the

office (play the part) of a regular judge, because there
WaS 110 accuser.

dominationis, &c., to a tyrant's violence.

delectam, which he had levied: the words arx, &c.,
are used by Nero to justify his iniquitous course.
imminentes foro aedes; see on iii. 9. 3.
pari atate, i.e. all in the bloom of youth: he had
weeded out and sold the older slaves.

4. e mensa, &c., i.e. expecting as they did death upon

leaving table.
luisse, &c., i.e. had paid dearly enough for the honour
of dining with a consul.
LXX. 1. pectore, &c., abl. absol.; i.e. while his trunk

was still warm, and his mind retained its powers.

R r
610 TACITI ANNALIUM XV. [ch. lxx

versus ipsos; this is variously referred to Pharsalia,

iii. 638, and ix. 811; the latter describes a death by
bleeding at every pore, caused by the bite of a poisonous
serpent,

LXXI. 1. victimis; in sacrifices of thanksgiving.

ornare lauru domum, i.e. suam quisque; cf. on iii. 9, 8,
domus ... festa ornatu; Juvenal, vi. 79, ornentur postes et
grandi janua lauro. Others expl. of their hanging with
garlands the palace-doors of Nero.
genua ; we should expect the dat.; see on vi. 49, 3.
ipsius; Nero.
2. festinata indicia, the prompt revelations.
3. Graeco ... vocabulo; Saripos.
4. vanitate exitus, i.e. by killing himself out of vain
glory; or, by the vain folly of his death : he should not
have accepted, but have scorned, the offered pardon, if
he meant to die.
corrupit, spoiled, rendered useless; it was of no use
as an indignant protest against tyranny, when he had
accepted Nero's pardon.
5 quasi, on the charge, or, pretext, that, &c.
existimarentur, i.e. were commonly supposed to be his
foes.

7, quae utraque, i.e. her leaving Rome from love of her

husband, when she had great wealth, and could have
lived in enjoyment there: then, the loss of her wealth.
$ 8. occasione, &c., i.e. the conspiracy served as the pre
text.

$ 9. Verginium; mentioned as a rhetor by Quintilian, iii,

1, 21 ; he was teacher of Persius,
-lxxiii.] NOTES, 611

studia juvenum...fovebat, i.e. held great influence over

the young nobles; the one was a professional rhetori
cian, the other a philosopher.
$10. velut in agmen et numerum, in a troop and batch as it
were; like a party of colonists.
AEgaei maris insulae; see Notabilia, 53.
11. Caesonius; Martial, vii. 44.
experti, &c., i.e. did not know they were accused till
they were punished.
12. Atilla; ch. 56, 4.
dissimulata, was passed over, purposely left unno
ticed.

LXXII. 1. addidilaue, &c.; i.e. in future it was to be

served out to them gratuitously.
ex modo annone, i.e. at the market-price. !

2. Nerva; afterwards emperor.

3. Nymphidio (tributa sunt): this was Nymphidius Sa
binus, co-prefect with Tigellinus of the praetorian co
horts: see Index.
pars, &c., i.e. will prove one of the scourges of Rome;
lit., will have his part in causing the disasters of, &c.
4, sive, after forte quadam, above.

LXXIII. 1. collata in libros, &c., the depositions, &c.,

which had been entered on the records: these were an
nexed to the decree.

2. et insontes, i.e. innocent as well as guilty; et for

etiam.

$3, captam, &c.; supply esse.

612 TACITI ANNALIUM XV. [ch. lxxiii.,

revictam, either, suppressed, crushed; as Horace,

Odes, iv. 4, 24, victrices caterva revictae; or, clearly
proved, as vi. 5, 2, above, revincebatur.
fatentur; i.e. people alive when Tacitus wrote, or
memoirs consulted by him.
4, ut cuique (erat), &c., the more grief (for the loss of
relatives put to death by Nero) each felt; they feared
lest grief should bring vengeance on them.
Junium Gallionem ; see on xvi. 17, 3. This is the
Gallio of Acts of the Apostles, xviii. 12, where see Al
ford's note.
demissis, abasing themselves.
consensu, &c. ... ne ... videretur, i.e. by their telling
him roundly, not to let it be thought that he was, &c.

LXXIV. 1. vetus ades; Class. Dict, Roma, F. III.,

Temples, 50.
circum ; Circus Maximus; Class. Dict, Roma, F. IV.
Circi, 1.
in quo facinus (the assassination of Nero) parabalur,
i.e. its accomplishment was intended; see ch. 55, 1; so
for circensium Cerealium, below.
qui... retexisset, the subj. means, because he had dis
closed, for having disclosed (as they said).
templum Saluti, &c.; this has been explained to mean
that on the site of the old temple a more splendid one
was erected.
Scaevinus ferrum prompserat; see ch. 53, 3.

2. sacravit... Jovi Vindici; Suetonius, Caligula, ch. 24,

tres gladios in necem suam praeparatos Marti Ultori ...
consecravit, and Vitellius, ch. 10, pugionem, quo se Otho
lxxiv.] NOTES. 613

occiderat, in Agrippinensem coloniam misit Marti dedi

candum.

arma, i.e. the revolt; in A.D. 68.

trahebatur, i.e. the above inscription, Jovi Vindici.
3. commentariis senatus; same as acta Senatus; see on
v. 4, 1.

4. decernebat, was for decreeing, proposed.

quorundam ... verteretur; corrupt passage; dolum is,
certainly, nonsense here; the required meaning would
be given by quondam ad omina sui exitus verteretur, but
which was interpreted afterwards as, &c.
habetur, is tendered.
 LIB. XVI.

I. 1. vanitatem, foolish credulity.

mente turbida, abl. of description; a crack-brained
fellow.
imaginem, &c., a vision of the stilly night.
retrarit, &c., converted into a confident expectation,
treated as an infallible oracle.
emercatus; i.e. by presents to the liberti; he would
buy his way to them by feeing the janitores and atri
enses.

pondere, &c., i.e. in weighty shapeless masses, shew

ing the antiquity of the treasure.
2. Lateres, ingots.
jacere, lay there, he said.
columnis, bars.
occulta (essent).
3. conjectura, &c., as a combination of circumstances
shewed (he continued).
Dido; Gr. accus, as Virgil, AEmeid, iv. 383.
et alias infensi, even on other grounds, &c.; already
her foes; for the reason see AEneid, iv. 36 sqq.

II. 1, fide, credibility.

ultro, even, actually, &c.; instead of keeping the
matter quiet, as might have been expected.
adveherent, i.e. to Rome; imperfect subj, follows the
historic present mittit.
ch. iv.] - NOTES. - .615

2. delectum navigium = delecti nauta, picked crews; as

remigium is used for remiges.
INec aliud, &c., i.e. at that time nothing else was talked
of in Rome; the people were credulous, the sagacious
sceptical; lit., the people discussed that and nothing
else wit, &c., the wise in a very different strain.
3. quinquennale ludicrum, the Neroniana; see on xiv.
20, 1.
secundo lustro, lit., in its second quinquennial period;
i.e. for the second time.
a cantoribus, &c., by poets and declaimers.
4, confusum, &c., i.e. alloyed with dross and earth.
obvias, ready to his hand.
servilia fingebant, i.e. they invented in their basemess.
securi, &c., sure of his ready belief.

III. 1. luxuria, i.e. the extravagant debauchery of

Nero. -

spe inani, encouraged by, founded on, &c.

quasi oblatis, &c., i.e. as though he had command of
new wealth to squander for many a year.
2. Quin et inde, may even from the new source, &c.; this
may refer to monies borrowed on the strength of the
expected treasure.
non falsa (fuisse).
regia, i.e. of Queen Dido,

IV. 1. lustrali, i.e. quinquennial; see on xiv. 20, 1.

ludiera deformitas, i.e. the disgrace of his singing on
the stage; facundia was a noble art.
2. ambitu, i.e. favour,
 616 TACITI ANNALIUM XVI. [ch. iv.

aquum (fore), would be on a level with, contend on

equal terms against.
religione, by the sworn award.
publicaret, &c., to exhibit all his accomplishments.
ingreditur theatrum, i.e. to play and dance.
cithara, i.e. usual in contests with the lyre.
ne.fessus, &c., not to, &c.; the leges cithara.
3. flexus genu; this was accompanied by the formula in
which histriones addressed the audience, kplot uov,
ebuevs uov drovo are (Suetonius, Nero, ch. 21),
give me a kindly hearing, gentlemen.
veneratus, respectfully saluting.
4. gestus juvare, to encourage (by applause) every move
ment even in, &c.
personabat, &c., made the place ring with cheers in
measured time, and with clapping in set form; see on
xiv. 15, 9, plausibus personare.
latari (plebem).

W. 1. severamque ... retinentes Italiam, maintaining still

the Italy of strict morals and old-fashioned ways; the
people of places like Gabii and Ulubrae; Juvenal, iii.
192; x. 100, 102; Horace, Epistles, i. 11, 30.
quique per longinquas, &c., and those who, dwelling in
distant provinces, strange to the wantonness of Rome,
had come, &c.
labori, of applauding.
mesciis, unaccustomed to such work.
turbarent, i.e. by applauding out of time; not certis
modis, ch. 4, 4, above.
gnaros, the connoisseurs in applause.
impari clamore, in discordant acclamations.
-vii.] NOTES. 617

2. plerosque, many.
3. defuissent, i.e. stayed away from, or quitted, &c.
multis palam, &c., abl. absol.; as there were many
posted openly, and more, &c.
4. Unde, &c.; on this account, on inferior people, &c.
redditum, the debt of hatred was paid.
5. Vespasianum ; Suetonius, Vesp. 4.
tanquam, on a charge that, &c.
meliorum, of men of rank.
Phaebo ; a chamberlain of Nero's; Suetonius, Vesp.
14.
majore, i.e. more powerful; or, through the higher
destiny that awaited him.

WI. 1. ludicri; the Quinquennalia, as above.

venenum (fuisse), that there was poison in the case.
ex fide, because they believe it.
2. conditur (fr. condire), is embalmed.
tumulo Juliorum; see iii.4, and 9, tumulo Augusti and
tumulo Caesarum.

3. divinae infantis; Augusta, xv. 23, 1.

pro virtutibus, i.e. as if they were personal merits
of hers.

VII. 1. ut palam tristem, &c., mourned publicly, but

rejoiced in by those who thought of her; i.e. a source
ofjoy to men's hearts, opposed to palam.
complevit, &c., made a subject of fresh odium.
officio, from paying his respects (from attendance) at
her funeral.
C. Cassium; Class, Dict, Cassius, 13.
618 TACITI ANNAM. XYI. [ch. wii

2. dilatum est (malum, the wengeance of Nero).

Silanus ; see xv. 52, 3.
vetustis, ancestral.
gravitate, weight, influence.
^modesta, well-conducted.

8. oratione, here, of a letter, message, -

removendos a re publica, i.e. from a position of in

fluence in the state.
C. Cassii ; the tyrannicide ; Class. Dict., Cassius, 8.
IDuci partium, to the Party-Leadem.
quippe, &c., for that (Nero said), &c.
qusitam (esse), i.e. by this inscription.
4. ne ... tantum uteretur, i.e. .not content (he said) with
using, &c.
ad discordias, i.e. to raise disturbances in the state.
assumpsisse (in societatem), had attached to himself.
animo prruptum, of an adventurous spirit; see on
v. 8, 1.
quem ... ostentaret, i.e. to display him as a rallying
point for revolution.

VIII. 1. increpuit, &c., assailed him with the same

imputations as, &c. -

Torquatum ; xv. 85, l.

tanquam, &c., i.e. charging him with^already, &c.
rationibus, &c. ; see on xv. 35, 3.
inania, &c., charges alike frivolous and false.
intentior, kept ever on the stretch, ewer anxious
through, &c.
2. Inducit (Nero), &c., i.e. suborns people under the
name ofinformers (or, witnesses), &c.
-x.] NOTES. 619

diros sacrorum ritus, i.e. the practice of magical

rites.
3. Trahebantur, were arrested, or, were dragged in, i.e.
implicated.
distentum, &c., who was occupied in greater atrocities,
or, whose attention was engaged by greater criminals.
quasi minores, i.e. by their nsignificance, as being
beneath notice.

IX. 1. statueret, let Caesar (said the Senate) decide

about, &c.
2. Deportatus in insulam Sardiniam, and Naxum, below;
see Notabilia, 53.
senectus; his death from, &c.; he was allowed to
pass there his few remaining years.
3. suadentique, i.e. and when the centurion advised him
to, &c., he replied (ait), &c.
percussori; an invidious, insulting word; cut-throat,
assassin.

5. a centurione, as if caderet were interfceretur; till he

fell by the centurion's hand, with wounds in front as in
the battle-field.

X. 1. prompte, courageously; others expl., with not less

suddenness.
L. Vetus ; the L. Antistius of xiv. 58; Class, Dict.,
Vetus, 4.
interfectum esse, &c., after exprobrarent, as if they threw
in Nero's teeth the fact of his murder; for Rubellius
Plautus, see on xiii. 19, 3; xiv. 58, 3.
Pollutia; wife of Rubellius Plautus, 4, below: in
xiv. 22, 5, she is called Antistia; either after her
620 TACITI ANNALIUM XVI. [ch. x.

husband's death she was adopted by a Pollutius, or in

xiv. 22, Antistia has been inserted by some copyist.
2. initium, &c., i.e. an occasion for unmasking his cruel
purposes was afforded Nero by a freedman named For
tunatus who turned informer (transgrediens, &c.), after
embezzling his patron's property.
ascito, abl. absol.; i.e. having made an associate
of, &c.
proconsule, when, &c.
3. componi, &c., were to be pitted against each other on
equal terms; a gladiatorial word, of matching pairs
of fighters.
in agros, to his estate at, &c.
$4. super ingruens, &c., who, besides, &c., was exasperated
by, &c.
ex quo (tempore), ever since.
cervicem, i.e. his severed head.
sanguinem et vestes respersas, i.e. her blood-besprinkled
garments.
nec ullis, &c., abl. of description; i.e. and not taking
any food except enough to, &c.
5, egressus obsidens, either, haunting his doors, block
ading the gates, or, watching for his going out, she
would cry out (as he passed), let him listen to, &c.
consulatus sui... collegam; her father, L. Vetus An
tistius, was consul with Nero in A.D. 55.
voce infensa, i.e. with threats and violence.
invidia, i.e. to reproaches.

XI. 1. uti, &c., submit to what is past help.

affertur, &c., news is brought that his trial before the
Senate, &c., is impending.
-xii.] NOTES. 621

2. consulere, &c., i.e. do the best for, &c., as to the rest;

take the best step to secure them the remainder.
3. proxime libertatem, &c., i.e. a life passed in a manner
bordering on freedom, verging on the olden independ
ence.

novissimo servitio; see on xi. 3, 2, securitatis novis

simae; by closing it with an act of servility, by an act of
base submission at the last.
si qua, &c., i.e. all the moveables; accus. after de
ducere.
tres ... lectulos, i.e. for the funeral-biers of himself,
Sextia, and Pollutia; ch. 10, 1.
$4. certatim, with rival earnestness.
et morituros, though so soon to die; each prayed to
be the first to depart.
5, senior; Sentia, mother-in-law of Vetus : ch. 10, 1.
(ea) cui prima atas, i.e. she whose life was youngest,
nearest its beginning. Either the death of Vetus is
implied in senior (some read seniores), or prima is for
prima quaque, i.e. then (in the order of years), the one
whose life in each case was due first. Others have pro
posed to read, cui proxima aetas.
6, more majorum; see on ii. 32, 5, more prisco.
sine arbitro, i.e. a death of their own choosing.

XII. 1. Faenio Rufo ; xv. 66, 68.

non alienus, on no distant terms with.
aqua atque igni prohibitus est; this is not the usual
phrase; cf. iii. 38, 3 (the regular phrase): iii. 50, 6:
iv. 21, 5.
2. Liberto et accusatori; ch. 10, 2.
622 TACITI ANNALIUM XVI. [ch. xii.

inter viatores tribunicios; these officials sat directly

behind the tribunes, whose seat was one of special ho
nour; Dion Cassius, xliv. 4, informs us that the Senate
assigned to Julius Caesar a seat on the tribunes bench;
Augustus (xlix. 15) had the same distinction: he was
holder of the tribunicia potestas.
3. eundemque Neroneum, i.e. which was now called Ne
ronian; xv. 74, 1.
Germanici; Nero's full name was Nero Claudius
Casar Augustus Germanicus.
Orfito; xii. 41.
censuerat; in the Senate.
transmissum (esse), i.e. its name was omitted from the
Calendar. -

duo Torquati; xv. 35, and ch. 8, above. Class. Dict,

Silanus, Junius, 10, 11.

XIII. 1. qua; others read qui, i.e. turbo.

nulla caeli intemperie, though there was no atmospheric
derangement, corruption of the air.
vis pestilentiae; we learn from Suetonius, Nero, ch.
39, that thirty thousand people died in this autumn.
2. examimes; others read examimis.
5 sacramento solvebantur, i.e. received full discharge,
2722ssto,

$6. Cladem Lugdunensem, a disaster at Lyon; this was

a great fire, which destroyed the city in A.D. 58; Class.
Dict, Lugdunum, 1.
quadragies sestertio; see Notabilia, 11.
urbis casibus, i.e. to relieve the calamities of Rome;
-xv.] - ROTES. 623

perhaps this was on occasion of the great fire; see xv.

45, 1.

XIV. 1. ut dixi ; xiv. 48.

postguam id honoris ... accepit, when he heard that
such honour was given to, &c.
occasionum, &c., prompt to seize opportunities; Gr.
genit. of reference = in occasionibus.
ejusdem loci ; an island, the name of which is not
recorded.

2. ratus (with ventitare), perceiving that, &c.; others

expl. that nuntios et consultationes is = nuntios, qui eum
consultarent.

3. nescium habebat, i.e. was he unaware.

praecipuas (esse), were eminently calculated to, &c.
cupidinem (Neronis).
4. dies genitalis, i.e. the horoscope of Anteius, the cal
culation of his nativity.
eventura, the future events of his life.
secretis, i.e. among the private papers of, &c. Cf. Sue
tonius, Caligula, ch. 49, in secretis ejus reperti sunt
duo libelli.
repertis (eis) quae, &c., i.e. astrological calculations.
Ostorium ; the son: see Index.
imminere rebus, i.e. are aiming at the empire, planning
an attempt at power.
5. auctor, &c., i.e. authorised it: no one durst witness
the execution of the will, for fear of being thought his
friend: the signatures and seals of seven Roman citi
zens were required for a valid will.
XV. 1. agris, an estate of his,
finem, for fines,
624 TACITI ANNALIUM xVI. [ch. xv.

2. civicam coronam, &c.; xii. 31, 7.

pavidum, i.e. Nero.
4. extolleret (servus).
appressit, &c., i.e. pressed towards himself the slave's
right hand (holding the poniard).

XVI. 1. meque ipsum, i.e. both I myself should be sur

feited: the stress of the sentence lies in the casuum
similitudo.

aspermantium, &c., turning with disgust (as they

would) from the deaths of fellow-citizens, however ho
nourably incurred (as they would be, pro republica),
strung together in one melancholy tale.
2. domi, in peace, opposed to bella externa, above.
ista, these horrors.
defensionem, indulgence, excuse; this may mean
either, excuse for Tacitus himself, (in recording so
minutely the deaths of such cravens, instead of leav
ing their names and deaths in a kindly oblivion), or,
excuse for these victims.
me oderim, &c.; with the first of the above explana
tions, this must be expl., that I may not be supposed
to hate, &c., i.e. to be actuated by hatred against then
in recording their cowardly submission, for it was really
the wrath of the gods, &c. It is better, however, to
take the second expl. of defensionem, and expl. quam me
oderim, than that I may not be required to hate such
cowardly sufferers: he feels that he must name them,
in order to brand in some sense their slavish endurance.
Finally, another reading is oderint, which explains it
self, in connection with ira illa numinum, &c.
-xvii.] NOTES. 625

3. edito, neut. abl. absol.; when a thing has been once

related : others read editam.

4. Detur hoc, let so much honour be shewn ; we owe it

to their posterity, &c.
traditione supremorum, the narrative of their deaths.

XVII. 1. eodem agmine, i.e. one directly after the other.

equites... dignitate senatoria; see on ii. 59, equitibus
illustribus.

2. quondam prafectus, &c.; under Claudius; xi. 1, 3.

3. quibus Gallio et Seneca (nati sunt): all three sons of
M. Annaeus Seneca, the rhetorician : see Class. Dict,
Seneca, 1; also Mela, M. Annaus, Gallio, 2; Seneca, 2.
praeposteram, perverted, eccentric, wayward.
per procurationes, by holding office as procurator in
managing, &c.; see p. 100, for the procuratores Caesaris.
4. acriter requirit (Mela), &c., by taking sharp measures
to get in his son's monies; i.e. calling in his loans, &c.
5. fingitur, &c., i.e. it is pretended that father and son
were equally cognisant of, &c.; that the father had
been initiated in it by the son.
assimulatis, by means of a forged, &c.
ferri ad eum, &c.; as a hint to dispatch himself.
6, promptissima, &c., as was then the fashionable mode
of death.
manerent, for his heirs.
7. Additur; with the infin, scripsisse, like dicitur, fer
tur, &c.; i.e. he is further said (in the acta publica, or
other authorities consulted by Tacitus) to have written
as follows in, &c.
S S
626 TACITI ANNALIUM VI. [ch. xvii

$ 8, composita, forged. -

C. Caesari; Caligula. The conspiracy here men

tioned is referred to by Zonaras, Annales, p. 557; see
Merivale, vi. p. 93.

2CVIII. 1. supra, lit., further back, from past times;

I must give a few further particulars. -

illi, by him.
sua haurientium, of those who squander their means.
erudito, &c., a man of refinement in, &c., a connois
seur in, &c.
2. quanto solutiora, &c., i.e. the more unconventional
they were, and stamped with a kind of heedlessness in
their style (sui), were the more eagerly caught up and
quoted as models of studied ease; more lit., as bearing
the show of natural simplicity.
3. Proconsul Bithynia; see p. 99.
4. revolutus ad vitia, &c., relapsing into vice, or through
his affectation of, &c.
elegantia arbiter, being the umpire of good taste.
dum ... putat (Nero), i.e. for Nero thought nothing
agreeable or graceful in luxury; others expl. affluentia,
in the profusion that he possessed, or, embarrassed by
profusion as he was.
approbavisset; see on xv. 59, 6; here, had com
mended to him by his approval.
$ 5. aggreditur (Tigellinus), addresses himself to, &c.
corrupto, &c., suborning a slave to depose against
him.
familiae, his household-slaves.
ademptaque defensione : i.e. he was not allowed to
 -xx.] NOTES. - 627

plead : or it may refer to the imprisonment of his

slaves, so as to prevent them from testifying to his in
nocence; his means of defence being withdrawn.
-

XIX. 1. progressus; in Nero's train.

attinebatur; i.e. he was ordered to stop there, and
accompany Nero no further.
2. incisas venas, &c., i.e. but after cutting his veins, he
had them bound up, and opened again, according to his
inclination, while addressing, &c.
(per ea) quibus, &c., in such a strain as to be aiming
at, &c.
3. referentes, while they recited, &c.
placitis, &c., maxims of philosophers.
carmina; lyric verse; versus, for recitation,
faciles; amusing, sportive.
4. fortuita, i.e. natural.
$5 pericula, i.e. to friends of his : the tyrant's minions
would use it to seal writings forged in the name of
Petronius, such as to implicate his friends; cf. ch. 17, 5,
assimulatis Lucani litteris.

XX. 1. offertur, i.e. occurs to him.

2. proprio odio, i.e. being a victim of his personal hate.
quadam... criminose detulerat, i.e. had reported cer
tain things as criminalities of, &c. -

qua lueret, i.e. of such a kind that, &c.; hence the

subj. Others expl., in order that, &c., might suffer for
them. The freedman was tortured to shew his per
sistence in the charges against his patronus, and furnish
a justification for the latters condemnation.
628 TACITI ANNALIUM XVI. [ch. xxi.,

XXI. 1. virtutem ipsam, virtue incarnate.

interfecto, &c., by killing, &c.; for the perfect par
ticiple passive, cf. Agricola, ch. 14, subactis nationi
bus, &c.
accedentibus, &c., having additional motives of hate"
against, &c.
de Agrippina referretur, when the motion was made
against Agrippina; the damnatio memoriae.
ut memoravi; xiv. 12, 2.
juvenalium ludicro, the games called Juvenalia, see on
xiv. 15, 1.
parum spectabilem (read exspectabilem), &c., i.e. he
had not done what was required of him; he had not
afforded to the games the aid and countenance that were
looked for; cf. xiv. 15, 2, 3. Others, reading spectabi
lem, expl., he had paid very little attention to, &c. :
Dion Cassius, lxii. 26, records that he died because he
never attended any of Nero's lyrical performances, nor
offered sacrifice to Nero's divine voice (isp... pavii)
nor gave any specimen of his own skill (rebel: aro
obv).
cetastis; for this unmeaning aggregation of letters it
has been proposed to read the non-existent word casticis,
as of games originating in contests with the Trojan
castus, Virgil, AEneid, v. 69, 420. Others read scenicis.
cecinerat, &c.; at a Greek city he could be a Greek
without disgrace.
2. damnabatur, imperf, was being condemned; his death
was proposed; see xiv. 48, 5.
sponte absens, i.e. without weighty cause: he pur
posely stayed away.
3. concidisset, i.e. had been condemned.
xxii.] NOTES. 629

XXII. 1. objectabat (Thraseae); cf. Juvenal, v. 36 sq.,

(Prior's note) for Thrasea's republicanism.
sollenne jusjurandum; see on i. 7, 3; cf. xiii. 11, 1. ,
votorum; for Nero's safety; cf. iv. 17, 1.
calesti voce, &e. , see ch. xxi. 1, parum spectabilem
(note on).
qui... ostenderet, in shewing himself, &c.
concurreretur, &c., i.e. when there was a rush which
should be first at the Senate-house.
ad corcendos, &c., to stop the plots of, &c.
2. jam id (esse), &c.; this course of conduct (it was
said) amounted now to (jam), &c.
partes; faction.
C. Caesarem (loquebatur), &c.; Julius Caesar, as op
posed by Cato Uticensis; Class. Dict, Cato, Porcius, 8.
3. tristes, gloomy, austere, solemn.
$4. Huic uni, in his estimation only.
sine; read tu. -

5. ejusdem animi est, it shews just the same spirit.

in acta divi Augusti, &c.; see on 1 above, sollenne
jusjurandum. On this occasion the acta of all preceding
principes were sworn to, unless they had been annulled.
6. Diurna (acta); see on iii. 3, 2.
quid Thrasea non fecerit, i.e. the motions in the Senate
which he has refused to sanction.

7. Ista secta; the Stoics; cf. xiv. 57, 5.

Tuberones, &c., men like, &c.; Class. Dict, Tubero,
AElius, 2 : on this man's Stoicism see Cicero, pro Mu
rena, ch. 36, (Anthon's note). He nicknamed Lucullus,
for his luxury, Xerxes togatus; for Favonius, see Class.
Dict., M. Favonius.
 630 TACITI ANNALIUM XVI. [ch. xxii.

8, praeferunt, make a plea of vapour about.

Cassium; ch. 9,
J
9, scripseris; softened imperative; write nothing, I
pray you, i.e. no oratio to the Senate.
$ 10. Extollit, &c., i.e. encourages Cossutianus, whose
heart was already charged with wrath.
adjicit, i.e. to assist in the impeachment.

XXIII. 1. reum, as his culprit; he claimed the task of

. . impeaching him.
ex proconsulatu, &c., i.e. on his (Barea's) resign.
ing, &c. -

justitia, &c., abl.

statuas, &c., evehere; xv. 45, 3.
2. crimini dabatur, there was imputed to him as a crime,
&c., i.e. the charge really brought against him was, &c.
Plauti; Rubellius Plautus; cf. xiv. 57, 59.
ambitio, &c., i.e. intriguing to induce the province to
revok.

3. Tiridates, &c.; see xv. 29, 3.

ad externa rumoribus, by gossip on foreign affairs.
ad is used as in ad nova imperia, ii. 2, with reference to.
regio facinore, by a feat worthy of a king.

: XXIV. 1. ad excipiendum principem; Nero was coming

from Campania (see ch. 19, 1,) to Rome, to meet Tiri
dates there. .
regem, Tiridates.
occursu, i.e. from going to greet Nero. Such a pro
hibition was a sign of the anger and disfavour of the
princeps : so in Suetonius, Vespasian, 4, we read that,
by Nero, Vespasian was prohibitus non contubernio modo,
'-xxvi.] . . - NOTES. 631

sed etiam publica salutatione; for which cf. ch.5, 5,

above... It was a dead cut of the offender by the
princeps, like renuntiare amicitiam between equals, ii.
70, 3, where see note. - -

objecta, i.e. a copy of the charges against him.

copiam, &c., an opportunity to, &c.; i.e. a fair, open,
trial. ' -

2. scripsisse (ea) per quae, &c., i.e. had written in such

a tone as to, &c.; he had hoped to receive a confession
of guilt and an abject submission.
3. ultro; this gives the contrast to spe exterritum, &c.,
above; turning coward himself in dread of, &c.
spiritus, the haughty bearing.
libertatem, independent spirit.

XXV. 1. (ii) Quibus... placebat, i.e. those who wished

him to appear in the Senate.
dicturum (esse Thraseam). -

segnes, &c., spiritless men and cowards (alone) invested

their end with secrecy.
2. morti obvium, advancing to meet death.
ipso miraculo, i.e. by the prodigy of a bold and elo
quent resistance.

XXVI. 1. eadem (dixerunt), i.e. as to his constancy an

virtue. -

imminere, i.e. if he went before the Senate.

subtraheret, i.e. let him keep his ears free from, &c.
2. superesse, there were plenty more who, &c.
augusti; read ausuri (sint).
per immanitatem, in their brutal rage.
3. decretari...fuerint, would have decided.
632 TACITI ANNALIUM XVI. [ch. xxvi.

viso Thrasea reo, i.e. when a Thrasea stood before

them as a culprit, on the appearance of such a man at
their bar.

$4. irrita spe agitari, &c., i.e. it was with a vain hope that
means were suggested for Nero's being touched with
shame for, &c.; see ch. 25, or, more simply, it was idle
to suggest that, &c.
5, eorum gloria, &c., let him die with the renown in
death of those sages, in whose footsteps, &c.
6. Rusticus Arulenus; see Index, Class. Dict, ad v., and
Pliny, Epistles, i. 5.
plebi tribunus; and so could quash their decree by
his veto, under the old prerogative.
7. spiritus ejus, his high courage.
ne... inciperet, i.e. begging him not to undertake what
would be, &c.
actam (esse), &c., his career, he said, was over.
ordinem, i.e. his principles and conduct; he could not
desert his post.
illi, while for Rusticus it was, &c.
integra (esse), &c., i.e. his future was yet uninfluenced
by a past; he had not committed himself as to his
future.

8, capessenda rei publica, of entering on political life.

Ceterum, &c., however, he reserved it for, &c.

XXVII. 1. templum Genetricis Veneris; Class. Dict,

Roma, F. III. Temples, 38, and Forum, 2. Venus, as
mother of AEneas, the father of Iulus, was foundress of
the gens Julia; Lucretius, i. 1, calls her neadum ge
metrir, ancestress of the Romans.
-xxviii.] NOTES. 633

Aditum senatus, i.e. the approaches along which the

senators would pass.
non occultis gladiis; this was contrary to the law
(XII. Tables), which forbade cum telo in urbe esse : cf.
Cicero, in Catilinam, i. 6, qui nesciat te ... stetisse in co
mitio cum telo 2
fora ac basilicas; Class. Dict, Forum, and Roma, F.
IX. Basilica.

2. oratio principis ; called also libellus or epistola prin

cipis. It was by virtue of his office as tribune that the
princeps had the right of introducing any subject for
discussion, and making the Senate decide upon it.
per quaestorem ejus, i.e. being read by, &c. This
quaestor was one of those called candidati principis, who
were quaestors appointed by the emperor to read his
speeches and rescripts.
3. haud veniri, i.e. that there was no attendance (in the
Senate); cf. xii. 23, 1, for provincial senators, and xi.
25, 1.
amaenitati, &c., i.e. devoted themselves to adorning, &c.

XXVIII. 1. summam rem publicam agi, that the very

existence of the state was at issue.
lenitatem, &c., i.e. a naturally kind ruler was exaspe
rated, was forced to use harsh measures.
2. miles (fuisse).
qui ... sinerent, in their permitting, &c.
desciscentem, i.e. absenting himself from his public
duties; and so, as it were, throwing off his allegiance
to the state.

Helvidium Priscum; see Index and Pliny, Epistles,

iii. 11; vii. 19; ix. 13.
.634 TACITI ANNALIUM xVI. [ch. xxviii.
Paconium Agrippinum; a Stoic; praised by Epictetus
for his modesty and patience; Arrian, i. 1, 28, relates
the coolness with which he received the news of his con
demnation to exile; ch. 33, 3, below.
paterni in principes odii heredem; cf. ch. 29, 3; see
Suetonius, Tiberius, 61.
Curtium Montanum; see Juvenal, iv. 107.
3. Requirere se, he looked in vain, he said, for the con
sular (Thraseas) in, &c., the priest (Thraseas) at public
prayers and thanksgivings, the citizen (Thraseas) at the
annual oath of allegiance ; cf. ch. 22, 1 ; i.e. and he
would demand his presence on these occasions, were it
not that, &c.
consularem; Thrasea is not named in the Fasti con
sulares; he was, probably, a suffectus : that he had been
consul can hardly be doubted, referring to Nero's oratio,
ch. 27, 3, plerique adepti consulatum.
sacerdotem; ch. 22, 1.
induisset; see on ii. 15, 2, induerint.

$4. agere senatorem, &c., i.e. to play his part as a senator

when it was to protect, &c.
veniret, let him come, he cried.
perlaturos (esse se).
singula, particular measures.
omnia, the whole system of government.
5. Pacem, &c., was it the peace that reigned throughout,
&c., that disgusted him? There are coins of Nero,
with the inscription (referring to the close of the
war in Armenia), pace ... terra marique parta Janum
clusit.
victorias, &c.; of the submission of Tiridates; see
xv. 29, and ch, 23, 3, above.
-xxx..] - - NOTE8. - 635

Ne...facerent, let them (the Senators) not make, &c.

mastum, &c., who grieved over public blessings.
pro solitudine haberet, regarded as, &c.; i.e. shunned
them, as if they were solitudes, instead of the constant
resorts of his fellow-citizens,

6. Non illi... videri, i.e. to him such things appeared to

have no existence; he acknowledged no such thing.
Abrumperet, &c., i.e. let his death make the divorce
between him and his country complete.
XXIX. 1. per hac, &c., with such invectives as this.
uterat, &c., i.e. naturally, &c.
ardesceret, &c., shewed his rising passion in a voice of
thunder, looks of fury, eyes of fire,
non illa, &c., there was not shewn that, &c.
cernentibus (iis), abl. absol.; at the sight of, &c.
2. obversabatur, i.e. to their fancy.
innoxia, which involved no guilt.
3. objectum (esse), what charge (they asked themselves)
was brought against, &c.
quando et ille, &c., since he too, guiltless as his
son, &c.

4. proba juventa, i.e. a young man of pure life.

neque famosi, &c., whose poems libelled none.
protulerit ingenium, i.e. has displayed his poetical
powers; it is insinuated, and thereby has aroused Nero's
jealousy.

XXX. 1. ingreditur (curiam) : he was an eques, and

could not be seated in the Senate, but waited outside
till his case was called on.
636 TACITI ANNALIUM VI. [ch. xxx.

proconsulatum Asia, &c.; see ch. 23, 1, 2.

accommodatum...egisset, that he had administered, &c.,
rather (in a style) suited to his own interests for popu
larity's sake: meaning that he excited disturbances, for
the sake of having the credit of settling them.
2. et (crimen) quod, &c.
quod pecuniam, &c., was that she had, &c. This
charge implies that she had been guilty of unholy divi
nation, in enquiring about the fate of the Caesar; see
on iii. 22, 2, &c.
3. Acciderat sane, this was the case, it is true, and
from, &c,
Nero (futurus esset).
$4. diversi, on opposite sides.
nuper; xv. 71, 6.
videbatur, &c., she thought she had increased.
XXXI. 1. cultus dotales, i.e. her bridal presents.
altaria et aram; of Venus Genetrix, in whose temple
the Senate was sitting, ch. 27, 1 ; ara, properly, is the
stone altar itself, altare, the super-altar, the upper,
ornamented part of the structure; altare (from altus,
like collare from collum) is, a high altar, built with more
solidity and adorned with more splendour than the ara;
cf. esp. Virgil, Eclogues, v. 65, sq.; en quatuor aras:
ecce duas tibi, Daphni, duas, altaria Phaebo, i.e. here are
four arae, two for thee, Daphnis (an inferior deity), two
ara, which are altaria, for Phoebus (one of the Di Magni):
hence ara is the genus, altare the specific kind of altar
on which victims were offered; Daphnis, as a hero, had
only libations offered to him.
impios deos; referring either to di externi, of the
Chaldai, or di inferi, invoked in such rites.
-xxxiii.] NOTES, 637

nullas devotiones; supply imprecata sum from invo

cavi; for devotiones see on ii. 69, 5, carmina.
2. dignitatis (matronalis), &c.; explanatory of gemmas
et vestes.

3. isti, i.e. the magi you speak of.

Widerint, let them see, &c.; i.e. that is their affair.
quo nomine sint, i.e. whose ministers they are.
XXXII. 1. Plauto; Rubellius Plautus; ch. 30, 1, ch.
23, 2, &c.
non...connexam, i.e. she had not even been named in
the charges against, &c.
separarent, i.e. let them keep her case apart from his;
atque implies, and then (if she were only safe), &c.
2. testis, i.e. the fact of his being a witness. This wretch
(a fellow-countryman of St. Paul), as infamous as Ba
rre when he denounced the Girondins and betrayed
Demerville (see Macaulays Essay on Barre), was
a proverb of perfidy with the satirists; see Juvenal, iii.
116; Class. Dict., Barea Soranus. Egnatius was pu
nished under Vespasian for this his treachery; see esp.
Histories, iv. 10, where he is called Publius Celer.
3. honesti; the Greek rb kaAw, moral beauty, virtue.
habitu et ore; some expl., in his demeanour and face;
others, in his exterior and language.
qua postquam, &c., and when these vices were laid
bare by the power of gold.
praecavendi, quomodo ... sic, of being on our guard
against, &c., just as much as against, &c.

XXXIII. 1. quo obsequio, &c., i.e. shewing the same re

spect as that with which he had honoured, &c.
638 TACITI ANNALIUM xVI. [ch. xxxiii
aquitate deum, &c., i.e. a fate exemplifying the im
partiality of the gods as regards patterns of good and
evil conduct, i.e. thus the justice of the gods opposed
a good example to a bad one. Others expl., a fate
shewing the indifference of the gods towards patterns
of virtue and of vice. - - - - - - - -

3. patri concessus est, i.e. was spared for the sake of, &c.
praedicto, neut. abl. absol. , with a proviso that he
should not be admitted to public employment; he was
declared incapable of all public functions.
$4. quinquagies, &e. ; see on ii. 37.

2XXIV. 1. quaestor consulis; from Dion Cassius, xlviii.

43, we learn that Appius Claudius and C. Norbanus,
consuls B.c. 38, were the first that had quaestors (two
each): from lviii. 4, we see that under Tiberius these
officials were sometimes sent to enjoin death upon con
demned criminals of rank.
egerat, &c., i.e. he was entertaining a full party
of, &c.
maxime intentus, being more particularly engaged
with, &c.
Demetrio; see Class. Dict, Demetrius, III. Literary,
5. He is praised by Seneca (de Benef, vii. 8,) for his
sapientia and constantia; see also Epistles, xx. 62, where
he is called virorum optimus. -

Cynica institutionis; for the Cynics and Stoics at

Rome, see Merivale, Index.
auditis (iis), si qua, &c., by hearing such words as, &c.
2. facessere, &c., to retire with all speed, and not
to, &c. -

Arriamque, &c., i.e. and when Arria (his wife) was

* xxxv.] NOTES. 639

preparing to follow her husband's fate, &c., he bade

her, &c.
Arria matris; Class. Dict, Arria; Pliny, Epistles,
iii. 16; Martial, i. 14.

2XXV. 1. a qustore; who was bringing him the fatal

decree of the Senate; ch. xxxiv. 1.
2. porrectis, i.e. to his house-physician, a slave or freed
Iman.

cruorem effudit, i.e. when he felt it flowing.

3. Jovi liberatori; see xv. 64, 4.
juvenis; quaestors were appointed at this time between
the ages of twenty-five and twenty-seven.
obversis in Demetrium : here breaks off the author's
immortal work: for the events which the remainder
of this book contained, see Chronology of the Annals,
ad fin.
 NOTABILIA,

(FOR ExAMINATIONS).
1. for principia, head-quarters, see i. 61, note 8.
2. for aquil, signa, vexilla, see i. 18, note 8.
3. for phrases such as subjecta vallium, inculta montium,
see i. 65, note 1.
4. for stationes, excubi, vigili, see i. 28, mote 5, and
xv. 30.
5. for tribunal (in a camp), see i. 18, note 4.
6. for vexillarii, vexilla, sub vexillo, &c., see i. 17, note 4 ;
cf. on ii. 78 ; and for vexillum, on i. 39.
7. for tributum, vectigal, portoria, &c., see on i. 11, mote
6, and on ii. 47.
8. for delatores (or, accusatores), see oni. 73 ; ii. 32 ; amd
Merivale, v., pp. 265, 6.
9. On the Provinces, see on i. 74 ; ii. 56; and Index, under
each province.
10. on aerarium and fiscus, see on i. 75.
11. for money in sesterces, see om ii. 37.
12. for loco sententi, ii. 33, 37.
13. taceo and reticeo ; ii. 50, 3.
14. mos, ler, jus ; iii. 28.
15. cornu, tuba, lituus, buccina ; i. 28; xv. 30.
16. ora, litus ; ii. 78.
17. justitium (a public mourning); ii. 82.
18. Salii ; ii. 83.
T t
642 NOTABILIA.

19. Augustales sacerdotes (or, sodales), Augustales ludi (or,

Augustalia, sc. ludicra) ; i. 54.
20. equites Juniores ; ii. 83.
21. Prtors ; ii. 32.
22. vigintiviratus, triumviri, &c. ; iii. 29 ; cf. v. 9.
28. triumphalia insignia (or, ornamenta) ; i. 72 ; iii. 72.
24. cohors, comites (of a governor's or general's staff, offi
cial retinue), i. 29, note 2, cohorte Drusi.
25. Chaldi, magi, mathematici ; iii. 22 ; ii. 27, 28 (car
mina); on ii. 30, 2, (notas); ii. 69; vi. 21 ; xii. 22, 52,
68; xiv. 9; ii. 32.
26. custodia militaris, or custodia in general, see om iii. 22.
27. orbitas, childlessness; iii. 25.
28. Lez Julia (or, Papia-Poppa) de maritandis ordinibus,
ii. 51 ; cf. iii. 25, 28.
29. Jewish and Egyptian rites (the worship of Isis) ; ii.
85 ; and Index, Isis, Osiris, Anubis, Judi.
80. primipilus, primipilaris, primipili centurio, primi ordi
nis centurio ; i. 29, note 2 ; ii. 11.
31. acta diurna, acta Senatus ; iii. 3, 2; v. 4; cf. xvi.
22, 6.
82. equites illustres or insignes ; ii. 59, 4.
33. leae curiata ; xi. 22, 5 ; cf. xii. 26, 1.
34. om the age for public offices see om xi. 22, 4, and
xii. 41, 2.
35. Princeps Juventutis ; xii. 41, 2.
86. donativum and congiarium ; xii. 41, 3.
37. agri decumates ; xiii. 54, 2, agros ... sepositos, cf.
Germania, ch. 29.
38. for Monumentum Ancyranum see on i. 2, 1, annona.
39. for Breviarium (or, Rationarium) Imperii, i. 11, 5,
libellum.
40, domus, insul ; vi. 45, 1 ; Class, Dict., Roma, B. 14.
 NOTABILIA. 643

41. lucar ; i. 77, 5.

42. relationem egredi or excedere ; ii. 33, 2, excessit ; cf.
iv. 74, 3.
43. relationem incipere ; v. 4, 2, relalionem.
44. remitto, permitto ; i. 8.
45. habitus, cultus, instituta ; i. 10.
46. regna, provinciae ; i. 11, 6.
47. materia, lignum ; i. 35.
48. exauctoratio, missio ; i. 36, 4.
49. aquilifer, signifer (i. 48) ; see om aquil, signa, above.
50. in acta principum jurare, in verba jurare, and in nomen
jurare, see on i. 7, 3 ; i. 72, 2 ; i. 8, 5.
51. proconsules, proprtores ; i. 74, ad fin.
52. renuo, abnuo ; i. 76.
58. relegatio, deportatio in insulam ; iv. 42, 3, lege Julia :
see Index, Amorgus, Gyarus, Planasia, Pandateria,
Seriphos, Creta, Sardinia, all islands of exile under the
emperors. Cf. Juvenal, x. 170, ut Gyar clausus scopulis
parvaque Seripho. The former was called variously
Gyari (Juvenal, i. 73), Gyara, and Gyaros (or Gyarus).
Cf. Juvenal, vi. 563, 4.
54. colomiae, municipia, prfectur ; see Liddell's Romc,
xxvii. 1113.
55. paupertas, inopia, egestas ; ii. 37, 1.
56. facinus, flagitium, scelus, maleficium ; iii. 50.
57. vexillum in two senses; i. 17, 4 ; ii. 78, 3 ; iii. 21, 2.
58. modestia, pudor ; iii. 26, 3.
59. ludi circenses (given generally in the Circus Maaeimus),
ludi scenici (in a theatre); see IDict. Antiq., ludi.
60. ara, altare ; xvi. 31.
61. al, cohortes (of the auxiliaries); iv. 5, 6.
62. people called ab epistolis, a libellis, a rationibus, xv,
35, 8,
644 MOTABILIA.

63. lectisternia, sellisternia ; xv. 44, 1.

64. libera legatio; xii. 23, 1.
65. 0s, vultus, facies; xiv. 10, 5; xiv. 16, 3.
66. confarreati parentes; iv.16, 2.
67. pedarii Senatores; iii. 65, 2.
68. sodales Titii ; i. 54.
69, theatrales opera ; i. 16, 4.
70, actor publicus; ii. 30, 3, mancipari.
71. flamen Dialis; iii. 58, 1.
72. vacationes munerum ; i. 17, 6, redimi.
73. For the frontiers of the Roman empire when Augustus
became princeps, see the lists of provinces on p. 100; to
these were added, under Augustus, Maesia, Noricum,
Rhaetia, Vindelicia, Pannonia, Illyricum, and Galatia;
under Tiberius, Cappadocia and Commagene; under
Claudius, Lycia, Britannia (south of the Thames), and
Mauretania; under Titus and Domitian, Britannia (north
of the Thames, as far as friths of Forth and Clyde):
under Trajan, Dacia was made a Roman province, and
part of Arabia Petraea; and the Roman power was
paramount in Armenia and Mesopotamia; see Class.
Dict, Trajanus. This note explains Annals, ii. 61, ad
fin.; where it is stated that Elephantine and Syene were
formerly claustra Romani imperii, quod nunc (he is writ
ing under Trajan) rubrum ad mare (see note on ii. 61, 2)
patescit: also the remark in Annals, iv. 4, 6, quanto sit
angustius imperitatum, (see note).
74. For the division of the Roman provinces into armed
and unarmed, see Conybeare and Howson's St. Paul,
vol. i. (ch. 5), pp. 173-7.
75. For the military and naval forces of Rome, see Cony
"beare and Howson, vol. ii. (ch. 22), pp. 341 sqq.;
Merivale, v., pp. 277-9; Tacitus, Annals, iv. 5.
 NOTABILIA. 645

76. In iii. 76, 5, note on prafulgebant, &c., for sculp

tured features read moulded features. The imagines,
or family-busts, were usually made of wax, Ovid, Fasti,
i. 591, Perlege dispositas generosa per atria ceras,
i.e. read (the names written under) the waxen masks
arranged round the saloons of the noble : Sallust,
Jugurtha, ch. 4, where majorum imagines are alluded
to by ceram illam ; for the inscriptions on them see
Horace, Satires, i. 6, l. 17, qui stupet in titulis et ima
ginibus, where titulis refers to the names and honours
inscribed: for the material, and the trade of making
them, see Juvenal, vii. 238, ut si quis cera vultum facit;
for their ornamental character, as painted likenesses,
Juvenal, viii. 2, pictos... vultus majorum; and l. 19,
tota licet veteres exorment undique cerae Atria: from
their place in the atrium, where a fire was kindled,
Cicero, in Pisonem, i. 1, calls them fumosa imagines.
These busts were those of such ancestors as had held
honores, or curule magistracies, i.e. had been curule
aediles, praetors, censors, consuls, dictators, or magistri
equitum : a man nullarum imaginum was one with no
distinguished ancestors; so, also, hominem ... multarum
imaginum, Sallust, Jugurtha, ch. 85; and, imagines non
habeo... mihi nova nobilitas est, ibid. For their being
carried in funeral-processions, see Horace, Epodes,
viii. 11, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales
tuum, i.e. if the busts of ancestors who had triumphed
led the way in your funeral, (meaning, if you were of
noble birth); and Cicero, Pro Milone, ch. 13, cadaver ...
spoliatum imaginibus, exsequiis, pompa. From Poly
bius we learn that, being hollow, they were put over
the head and shoulders of, and carried by, living men,
resembling the deceased as far as possible in size and
646 NOTABILIA.

figure, and wearing the particular robes and insignia

proper to each. The line of ancestors thus, as if re
called to life, preceded the descendant to the tomb.
77. On ii. 41, 4, currus quinque liberis onustus (for the
custom of a triumphing general's children sitting with
him in the car), cf. Cicero, pro Murena, ch. 5, cum
sedere in equis triumphantium praetextati ... filii so
leant.
78. On i. 44, 7, dona militaria, see Index, ad v. dona, and
cf. Cicero, pro Murena, ch.5, donis militaribus patris
triumphum decorare, and Sallust, Jugurtha, ch. 85,
hastas (the hasta pura, or headless spear,) verillum
(a small flag at the end of a spear), phaleras (trappings
for horses), alia militaria dona : the alia militaria dona
were torques and catellae, chains, armillae, bracelets,
fibulae, clasps, coronae, chaplets of various kinds; from
Dr. Merivales note to Sallust, as above.
79. On xiv. 3, 3, note on remedia, see Juvenal, vi. 661,
where medicamina means antidotes, and ter victi... regis,
Mithridates.
80. On xiv. 48, 6, carnificem et laqueum pridem abolita
(esse). This was by the Porcian and Sempronian laws.
The Lex Porcia, de capite et tergo civium (passed by
M. Porcius Laeca, tribunus plebis, B.C. 256,) enacted
that no Roman citizen should be put to death or
scourged without trial before the centuries. The Lex
Sempronia, de libertate civium (passed by Caius Grac
chus, tribunus plebis, B.C. 123,) ordered, ne de capite
civium Romanorum injussu vestro (populi Romani) judi
caretur, Cicero, in Verrem, v. 63; see also Cicero, in
Catilinam, i. 11; iv. 5, and Livy, x. 9.
81. On xiv. 40, 5, lege Cornelia damnantur. The Lex Cor
nelia, testamentaria et nummaria, (or, De falso,) was
 NOTABILIA. 647

against those who forged or altered wills, and those

who debased or counterfeited the public coin. For
will-forgery, see Cicero, in Catilinam, ii. 4, testamen
torum subjector. In Cicero, pro Sestio, xvii. 39, and de
Officiis, iii. 18, a will-forger is called testamentarius;
by Suetonius, Nero, ch. 17, falsarius.
82. On the words templum, delubrum. Templum is often
used of a great temple, dedicated to one of the principal
gods; delubrum (and fanum) of a smaller temple, dedi
cated to an inferior god, or hero: templum, is, pro
perly, a cut-off (consecrated) space, from root tem of
temno, Gr. Tuevos from Tuva: ; see Smith's Lat. Dict,
ad v. : delubrum is said to be connected with root lu,
wash, as being a place of religious purification, but is
derived by Varro from deus, as candelabrum fr. candela;
thus it would mean, the place or abode of a god. Delu
brum is, properly, the niche or shrine in which a god's
statue is placed, templum, the whole building consecrated
to the god, and so delubrum is, a small templum, or part
of a templum : the Capitolium at Rome was a templum
containing three delubra (of Jupiter, Juno, and Mi
nerva), enclosed by a common wall.
83. On vectigalia, see Cicero, pro lege Manilia, ch. 6,
where those of Asia are called maxima vectigalia, and
Cicero speaks of its ubertas agrorum, varietas fructuum,
magnitudo pastionis, and multitudo earum rerum, qua
exportantur. He proceeds to speak of the vectigal, ex
portu, i.e. from duties imposed on exports and imports;
ex decumis, from tithes, a tenth-part of corn, and a fifth
of other produce, paid by those who tilled the public
lands; and ex scriptura, from the public woods and pas
tures. Scriptura was a tax on cattle allowed to graze
on the Roman domain-land, and was the most ancient,
 NOTABIIIA. 649

86. For the leges Annales (note on xi. 22, 4,) see Cicero,
pro lege Manilia, ch. 21, where he speaks of Pompeius
Magnus as eae senatus-consulto legibus solutus, and as
consul ante factus, quam ullum alium magistratum per
leges capere licuisset.
87. For the difference between congiarium and donativum
(note on xii. 4l, 3,) see Cicero, Philippica Secunda,
ch. 45, comgiariis, &c., multitudinem imperitam delenierat,
and Suetonius, Nero, 7, populo congiarium, militi dona
tivum proposuit.
 IND EX.
Numerals put alone refer to the Books and Chapters of the
ANNALs: with H., prefixed, to the HISTORIEs; with G., to the
GERMANIA; with A., to the AGRICol.A.; with O., to the DE ORA
TORIBUS.

A full stop divides the numerals of Books from the figures of

Chapters; a comma the Chapters of the same Book.

Abdageses, the Parthian, vi. 36, Acte, Nero's mistress, xiii. 12,
37, 43, 44. 46; xiv. 2.
Abdus, the Parthian, vi. 31, 32. Actiacum bellum, i. 3; ii. 53;
Abudius Ruso, vi. 30. iii. 55; iv. 5; H. i. 1: Actiaca
Accusatores # Delatores), sons, religio, i.e. Actiaci ludi, xv.
brothers, friends, ii. 27; iv. 23: Actiacae legiones, i. 42.
28, 31, 68; vi. 7: their re Actor publicus, ii. 30; iii. 67.
wards, ii. 32; iv. 20, 30; vi. Acutia, impeached for majestas,
28, 47: punished with exile or vi. 47.
death, iv. 30; vi. 9, 30: un Adgandestrius, chiefof the Chat
equally treated, iv. 36. ti, ii. 88.
Acerronia, attendant of Agrip Adiabeni, xii. 13: ravaged by
pina, xiv. 5. Tigranes, xv. 1, 2: the Adi
Acestes, founded Segesta, iv. 43. abenian Izates, xii. 13, 14 :
Achaia, made a province of the Monobazes, xv. 1, 14.
Caesar, i. 76; see p. 100: as Adoption, made at Comitia Cu w

signed to a governor along riata (arrogatio), xii. 26; H.

with Moesia and Macedonia, i. 15: fraudulent adoption, xv.
i. 80: earthquake there, iv. 19: formally announced in the
13: disturbed by a pretended camp, Senate, and at the Ros
Drusus, v. 10: plundered by tra, H. i. 17: no adoption in
Nero, xv. 45; cf. H. ii. 8; the gens Claudia until Nero,
O. 30. xii. 25: altar to commemorate
Acilius Aviola, iii. 41. it, i. 14: adoption of Germa
Acilius Strabo, xiv. 18. nicus, i. 3: of Caius and Lu
Acratus, freedman of Nero, xv. cius Caesar, i. 3; H. i. 15: of
45; xvi. 23. Tiberius, i. 3 : of Livia, v. 1:
Acta, Senatus, iii. 3; v. 4 : of Nero, xii. 25.
diurna Urbis, xiii. 31; xvi. Adrana, river, i. 56.
22: publica, xii. 24: prin Adrumetum, in Africa, xi. 21;
cipis, i. 72; iv. 42; xiii. 5, H. iv. 50.
11; xvi. 22 : actorum libri, Adultery, penalties of, by lex Ju
O. 37. lia, ii. 50; iii. 24; iv. 42.
652 INDEX.

Advocati, fraud of (prarari practorians in one camp, iv. 2:

catio), xi. 5; their fees, xi. his intrigue with Livia, iv. 3:
6, 7 : not to take fees, xiii. 5. seeks her in marriage, iv. 39:
AEdiles, their powers against accuses Agrippina, iv. 17, 54:
luxury, iii. 52, 53, 55: burnt his plots against her and Nero,
forbidden books, iv. 35; xiv. iv. 67 : poisons Drusus, iv. 8:
50; A. 2: their powers cur urges Tiberius to leave Rome,
tailed, xiii. 28; cf. ii. 85. iv. 41, 57 : saves the life of
AEdilitas curulis, i. 3. Tiberius, iv. 59: his arrogance
AEdui, revolt, iii. 40: obtain the to the senators, iv. 74: statue
jus senatorum, xi. 25: called decreed to him by Senate, iii.
Itomanorum fratres, xi. 25, 72: the triumphalia awarded
(note): conquered by Silius, him by Tiberius, iv. 26: his
iii. 46; cf. H. iv. 57: dites et overthrow, v.6 sqq.: his origin
*mbelles, iii. 46. and character, i. 69; iv. 1, 7,
A: king of the Colchians, vi. 71, 74; vi. 8: his influence,
iii. 66; iv. 68; v. 3: his chil
AEgea, in Cilicia, xiii. 8. dren put to death, v. 9: his
AEgean sea, its islands, as places property confiscated, vi. 2:
of banishment, xv. 71. his friends condemned, v. 6
AEgeatae, ii. 47. sq.; vi. 3 sq., 19; xiii. 45.
AEgiensis civitas, iv. 13. AEmilia Lepida, see Lepida.
AEgyptia sacra, driven from AEmilia Musa, ii. 48.
Rome, ii. 85; see Isis, O-iris, AEmilia monumenta, the basilica
Serapis : hieroglyphics, ii. 60; Pauli, iii. 72.
xi. 14. AEmiliana praedia, xv. 40.
AEgyptus, as ruled by Augustus, AEmilium genus: the gens AEmi
ii. 59; H. i. 11: governed by lia rich in boni cives, vi. 27.
equites, xii. 60; H. i. 11 : held AEmilius Lepidus, ii. 48.
by two legions, iv. 5; H. ii. AEmilius Mamercus, xi. 22.
6; see H. i. 11, for country and AEmilius, primipilus, ii. 11.
character of people: super AEmilius, testis, ii. 11; iv. 42.
stition, H. iv. 81 : animal wor AEneas, founder of the gens
ship, H. v. 5: embalming of Julia, iv. 9; xii. 58.
bodies, H. v. 5: the priests AEnobarbus, or Ahenobarbus, see
interpret dreams, II. iv. 83. Domitius.
AElia Petina, xii. 1. AEquinoctii sidus, i. 70.
AElius Gallus. v. 8. AErarium, in temple of Saturn,
AElius Gracilis, legatus of Bel ii. 41 : aerar. militare, i. 78:
gica, xiii. 53. the charge of, i. 75: ii. 47;
AElius Lamia, iv. 13: his death | iii. 25; xiii. 28, 29; H. iv. 9:
and funus censorium, vi. 27. the sectiones, or auction-sales
AElius, Nero's libertus, xiii. 1. of defaulters goods, xiii. 23:
AElius Sejanus, made co-prefect Senatus-consulta lodged there,
of Praetorian guards with his | iii. 51.
father Strabo, i. 24; vi. 8: sent Arias, his temple to the Paphia
into l'annonia with Drusus, Venus, iii. 62; H. ii. 3. -

i. 24: his influence with Tibe AEsculapius, H. iv. 84: his tem
rius, iii. 72; i. 69; iv. 71: his le and asylum at Pergamus,
daughter betrothed to the son iii. 63; and in Cos, iv. 14; xii.
of Claudius, iii. 29: unites the 61: his thesaurus at Cyrene,
 INDEX, 653

xiv. 18: the Asclepiadae, me Agrippa the younger, ordered to

dical professors, xii. 61.
AEserninus Marcellus, iii. 11.
Afer Domitius, see Domitius. Agrippa Vibulenus, vi. 40.
Afranius, iv. 34: see Burrus Agrippina the elder, wife of
Afranius.
Afranius Quinctianus, conspi
rator against Nero, xv. 49,
56, 70.
Africa, the province, ii. 52; iii.
2; H. i. 11; iii. 48; iv. 38:
corn-producing country, xii.
43: held by two legions, iv.
5 : often by one, ii. 52; iv. 5;
H. ii. 97; iv. 48: its deserts, ii.
52 : its procuratores, H. iv. 50.
Africum mare, i. 53.
Africus ventus, xv. 45.
Agbarus, an Arabian king, xii.
12, 14.
Agerinus, a libertus of Agrip
pina, xiv. 6, 7.
Aggeres, erected by besiegers,
H. ii.22; iii. 20, 84; iv. 23.
Agmen quadratum, i. 51, 64.
Agrippa, M., son-in-law of Au
gustus, and adopted, i. 3; iv.
40; H. i. 15: shared the tri
bunicia potestas with Augus
tus, iii. 56: rival of Tibe
rius, vi. 51: his retirement at
Mytilene, xiv. 53: his services
to Augustus, i. 3; xiv. 53;
xii. 27: his monumenta, xv.
39: stagnum, xv. 37: most of
his children died violent deaths,
iii. 19: his grandson Asinius
Saloninus, iii. 75: his wife
Julia, i. 53: his daughter, see
Vipsania.
Agrippa Postumus, banished to
Planasia, i. 3: his character,
i. 4: visited by Augustus, i.
5: put to death by Tiberius,
i. 6, 53; iii. 30.
Agrippa Postumus (pretender),
ii. 39, 40. - xiii. 12: accused, xiii. 21:
Agrippa; see Asinius, Haterius,
Julius.
Agrippa the elder, king of the
Jews, xii. 23.
march against the Parthians,
xiii. 7; see H. ii. 81; v. 1.
Germanicus, granddaughter of
Augustus, i.33; ii. 71 : daugh
ter-in-law of Tiberius, i. 42 :
hated by Livia Augusta, i.
33; ii. 43; iv. 12: her cha
racter, high-spirited, ii. 72;
iv. 52 : ambitiosa, i. 69; iv.
12; vi. 25: her rivalry with
Plancina, ii. 43, 55: her cas
titas, fama, fecunditas, i. 33,
41; ii., 43; iv., 12: ingens
animi, i. 69: brings back to
Rome ashes of Germanicus,
ii. 75, 79; iii. 1 : her alterca
tion with Tiberius, iv. 52, 53:
simulandi nescia, iv. 54: ac
cused before Senate by Tibe
rius, v. 3: banished to Panda
taria, xiv. 63 : her death, vi.
25: her daughter Julia, ii. 54.
Agrippina the younger, daughter
of Germanicus, granddaughter
of Tiberius, iv. 53 : daughter,
sister, wife, and mother of
imperatores, xii. 42 : domina
tionis cupida, xii. 7; xiv. 2:
impudica, infamis, violenta,
xii. 64: ferox, xiii. 2, 21 :
wrote commentarii of her life,
iv. 53: married Cn. Domitius,
iv. 75: hated by Messalina,
xi. 12: married Claudius, xii.
3, 7: ruins Lollia, xii. 22 :
intrigue with Pallas, xii. 25,
65; xiv. 2: surnamed Augus
ta, xii. 26: her colonia at op
pidum Ubiorum, xii. 27: her
arrogance and intrusions, xii.
37, 42, 56; xiii. 5 : enmity to
Narcissus, xii. 57: poisons
Claudius, xii. 67: her power,
conduct towards her son Nero,
xiv. 2: his plots against her,
xiv. 4, 5: killed by Nero's
order, xiv. 8: her effigies, v. 4.
.
 INDEX. 655

attention given to, by em Antona, river in Britain, xii. 31.

perors, i. 2; iii. 54; iv. 6; H. Antonia, daughter of Claudius,
iv. 38. xii. 2, 68: wife of Cornelius
Ansibarii, German tribe, xiii. Sulla, xiii. 23: privy to con
55, 56. spiracy against Nero, xv. 53.
Anteius, ii. 6. Antonia minor, wife of L. Do
Anteius, P., governor of Syria, mitius, iv. 44: mother of Cn.
xiii. 22 : poisoned, xvi. 14. Domitius and Domitia Le
Antemnates, i. 79. pida, xii. 64.
Antenor, founded Patavium, and Antonia, mother of Germanicus
games there, xvi. 21. and Claudius, iii. 3, 18; xi. 3;
Anthemusias, city, vi. 41. xiii. 18.
Anticato, Caesar's book, iv. 34. Antoninus Haterius, xiii. 34.
Antioch, capital of Syria, H. ii. Antonius Felix, brother of Pallas,
79: body of Germanicus burnt xii. 54: procurator of Judaea,
there, ii. 73, 83: its theatre, &c. his character, and wife
# ii. 80:
82.
coinage at, H. ii. Drusilla; H. v. 9; see Acts of
Apostles, xxiv.24, and Alfords
Antiochus, king of Commageni, note.
ii. 42. ' Antonius Julus, son of the tri
Antiochus IV. Epiphanes, of umvir, i. 10; iii. 18: killed for
Cilicia, king of Commagene, adultery with Julia, iv. 44.
ii. 55; xiii. 7, 37; see H. Antonius, L., son of julus Anto
Index ; cf. xiv. 26. nius, iv. 44.
Antiochus, Magnus, conquered Antonius, M., the triumvir, i. 1,
by L. Scipio, ii. 63; iii. 62; 2, 9, 10; ii. 3, 53, 55; iii. 18;
xii. 62. iv. 43; H.ii. 6; iii. 66: grand
Antistia, wife of Rubellius Plau father of Germanicus, ii., 43,
tus, xiv. 22. 53: defeated in Parthia, ii. 2:
Antistius Labeo, iii. 75. kills Artavasdes, ii. 3 : as
Antistius Sosianus, tribunus sailed by Cicero, O. 37: letters
lebis, xiii. 28: banished for # Augustus, iv. 34; cf.
ibellous verses, xiv. 48, 49; . v. 9, 11.
xvi. 21 : praetor, xiv. 48: re Antonius Natalis, conspirator
called from banishment, xvi. against Nero, xv. 50, 54, 55:
#: banished again, H. iv. turns informer and escapes
punishment, xv. 56, 71.
Antistius Vetus, e primoribus Antonius Primus, banished for
IMacedonum, banished, iii. 38. forgery, xiv.40; see Histories,
Antistius Vetus, L., consul, xiii. Index. -

11 : commands army of Ger 4:", used as seal, ii. 2; xvi.

many, xiii. 53 : advises his
son-in-law Rubellius Plautus
to revolt, xiv. 58: proconsul
of Asia, xvi. 10: his death,
xvi. 10 sq.
Antium, xiv. 27: birthplace of
Nero, xv.23: his country-seat Apicata, wife of Sejanus, ba
there, xiv. 3; xv. 39: temple
# Fortunae there, iii. 71; xv.
Aorsi, people of Asia, xii. 15,
16, 19.
Apamea, earthquake at, xii. 58.
Aphrodisienses, worshippers of
Venus, iii. 62.
nished, iv. 3: betrays Sejanus
murder of Drusus, iv. 11.
Apicius, rich spendthrift, iv. 1,
656 INDEX.
A# Merula, expelled Senate,
1V. 42.
Apion, king of Cyrene, bequeath
ed kingdom to Rome, xiv. 18.
Apis, Egyptian god, H. v. 4.
Apollinaris, see Claudius Apoll.
Apollo Clarius, ii. 54; xii. 22:
Pythius, xii. 63; H. iv. 83:
Didymaeus, iii. 63: killed Cy
clops, iii. 61 : his birthplace,
iii. 61 : represented with ci
thara, xiv. 14.
Apollonidienses, ii. 47.
Apotheosis, i. 11; xv. 74 : called
honores callestes, divini, deum,
v. 1; vi. 18; xv. 74; xvi. 21.
Appeals, to Senate and emperor,
xiv. 28.
Appia via, ii. 30.
Appius Appianus, expelled Se
nate, ii. 48.
Appius Silanus, vi. 9; xi. 29.
Appuleia Varilia, ii. 50.
Aprilis, month of, called Nero
neus, xv. 74; xvi. 12.
Apronia, murdered by husband,
iv. 22.
Apronius Caesianus, sonofabove,
iii. 21.
Apronius, L., eques, i. 29; iii.
64: general under Germanicus,
i; 56: in Senate against Libo,
ii. 32: governs Africa, iii. 21,
64; iv. 13: father-in-law and
accuser of Plautius Silvanus,
murderer of his wife Apronia,
iv. 22: father-in-law of Len
tulus Gaetulicus, vi. 30: gains
triumphalia insignia, i. 72 :
defends Gracchus, iv. 13: sent
to oppose Tacfarinas in Africa,
iii. 21 : propraetor of Germa
nia inferior, iv. 73; xi. 19.
Apuleius, Sex., i. 7.
Apuli, magistratus, pay honour Arcus(triumphalarches), erected
to remains of Germanicus, iii. for recovery of standards of
2: Apula litora, iv. 71.
Aqua Claudia, xi. 13: Marcia,
xiv. 22 : springs held sacred,
xiv. 22.
Aquila Julius, xii. 15.
Aquilae (standards of legions),
those of Varus recovered, i.
60; ii.25: appearance of eagles
(birds), a good omen, ii. 17;
H. i. 62: the eagles (of legions)
were as gods of the troops, i.
39; ii. 17; the eagle in charge
of centurio primipilus, H. iii.
22: the army - chest carried
with, i. 37.
4:
iv. 42.
banished for adultery,
Aquiliferi, i. 39, 48.
Ara Adoptionis, i. 14: Magna,
xii. 24; xv. 41 : Ubiorum, i.
39, 57: Amicitiae et Clementia,
iv. 74: of Consus, xii. 24: of
Drusus, ii. 7: of Hercules, xii.
24; xv. 41: Solis, vi. 28; in
honour of potestas tribunicia,
iii.57: dedicated to rivers, i.
79: to the Di Manes, iii. 2:
arae and altaria touched in
oaths and prayers, xvi. 31:
slaughter of Roman prisoners
at, by Germans, i. 61: sup
pliants sit at, iii. 61: ara Ul
tionis, iii. 18.
Arabians, vi. 28, 44; xii. 12.
Arar, river of Gaul, xiii. 53.
Araricus Vulcatius, xv. 50.
Araxes, river of Armenia, xii.
#: flowed by Artaxata, xiii.
39.
Arbela, fortress in Assyria, xii.
13.
Arbor Ruminalis, in the Comi
tium, xiii. 58.
Arcadia, kings of, xii. 53. -
Arcana imperii, ii. 36, 59, (see
notes there).
Arcas Evander, see Evander.
Archelaus, king of Cappadocia,
ii. 42; xiv. 26.
Varus, ii. 41 : for successes
in war, ii. 64; iii.57; xiii. 41;
xv. 18: in honour of Germa
nicus, ii. 83.
Arduenna, forest of, iii. 42.
 INDEX, 657

Arena, nobles of high rank per liberator Germaniae, ii. 88: his
form in, xiv. 14; xv. 32; H. valour, ii. 7: his wife, son,
ii. 62. and nephew, i. 55, 57, 58;
Areum judicium, (court of Areo xi. 17.
pagus) at Athens, ii. 55. Arms, different used by legio
Argentum signatum, vi. 17; marii and auxiliares, xii. 35:
Mattiacum, xi. 20. rattled by barbarians, iv. 47.
Argivi, in island of Cos, xii. 61. Arnus, river of Etruria, i. 79.
Argolicus, vi. 18. Arpus, chief of the Chatti, ii. 7.
Arii, people of Asia, xi. 10. Arria Galla, wife of C. Piso,
Ariobarzanes, king of Armenia, xv. 59.
ii. 4. Arria, wife of Thrasea, xvi. 34:
Aristobulus, king of Armenia her mother, xvi. 34.
minor, xiii. 7; xiv. 26. Arrius Varus, praefectus cohortis,
Aristonicus, his war with Ro xiii. 9; see H. Index.
mans, iv. 55; xii. 62. Arrogatio, see Adoptio.
Armenia, ii. 56; iii. 48: Roma Arruntius, L., i. 8: defends L.
mis infida, ii. 3, 5: seized by Sulla, iii. 31 : disliked by Tibe
Vonones, ii. 68: by Artabanus, rius, i. 13 : made governor of
vi. 31 : by the Iberi, vi. 33: province, but kept in Rome,
by Corbulo, xv. 12: wars with vi. 27; H. ii. 65: commis
Iberi, xii.44: left independent, sioner for river Tiber's inun
xv. 17: wars for possession of, dations, i. 76, 79: his elo
between Rome and Parthia, quence and high character, vi.
xii., 44 sq.; xiii. 6 sq., 34 sq.; 7; xi. 6: influence, vi. 5: ac
cf. i. 3; ii. 43; vi. 36; xv. 2, cused, destroys himself, vi.
5, 6; see also Corbulo. Arme 47, 48: his accusers punished,
niae, xi. 9; xii. 45. vi. 7.
Armenii, wavering in allegiance Arruntius Stella, xiii. 22.
between Rome and Parthia, ii. Arruntius, T., iii. 11.
56; xiii. 34: receive kings of Arsaces, king of Parthia, ii. 1;
Rome's appointing, ii. 3, 64: cf. G. 37.
formerly ruled by Egypt, ii. Arsaces, set over Armenia, vi.
60: conquered by Mithridates, 31 : killed, vi. 33.
xi. 9 : plundered by Corbulo, Arsacidae, kings of Parthia, ii.
xiv. 23; xv. 12: allies of Tiri l; vi. 34, 42, 43; xi. 10; cf.
dates, vi. 44: their customs, ii. 3; vi. 31; xii. 10; xiii. 9;
ii. 56 : perfidy, xii. 46; cf. xiv. 26; xv. 29.
xiii. 5, 37. Arsamosata, fortress in Arme
Arminius, chief of the Cherusci, nia, xv. 10.
i. 55, 60: enmity to father-in Arsanias, river of Armenia, xv.
law Segestes, i. 55 sq. : battle 15.
with Germanicus, i.63: attacks Artabanus, king of Parthia, ii.
Roman camp, i.68: conference 3, 4: sends ambassadors to
with his brother Flavus, ii. Germanicus, ii.58: demeanour
9: routed by Germanicus, ii. to Romans and his subjects,
17: another battle with Ger vi. 31; sends forces into Arme
manicus, ii. 21: his popularity, nia, vi. 33: poisons Abdns, vi.
ii.44: battle with Maroboduus, 32 : expelled his kingdom, vi.
ii. 46: assassinated on aiming 36: captures Seleucia, vi. 42:
at royal power, ii. 88 : called recalled to power, vi. 43 :
U u
 658 INDEX,

killed by his brother Gotarzes, 6: orator, O. 12, 15, 17, 21, 25,
with wife and son, xi. 8. 34: his writings, iv. 34; O. 38.
Artavasdes, king of Armenia,
ii. 3.
4:
5.
saloninus, death of, iii.

Artaxata, capital of Armenia, Asper Sulpicius, see Sulpicius.

ii. 56: seized by Iberi, vi. 33: Asprenas, L.,proconsul of Africa,
subject to Parthia, xii. 50: i. 53 : in Senate, iii. 18.
captured, and burnt by Ro Assyrii, xii. 13.
mans, xiii. 39, 41; xiv. 23. Asyla, (sanctuary, rights of) in
Artaxias, king of Armenia, ii. Greek cities, iii. 60; iv. 14.
3 : another, ii. 56; vi. 31. Ateius Capito, commissioner of
Artemita, town of Parthia, vi. 41. Tiber, i. 76 : proceedings in
Artes, ludicrae et theatrales, xiv. Senate, i. 79: opposes Tibe
16, 21; O. 10: Graecae, xv. rius in Senate, iii. 70: death,
41: Romanae, vi. 41. iii. 75.
Arulenus Rusticus, tribunus Atellius Hister, P., xii. 29.
plebis, xvi. 26: praetor, H. iii. Athenians, dread of Philip, ii.
80 : condemned for praising 63: treated conquered foes as
Thrasea, A. 2. aliens, xi. 24: their rec ption
Aruseius, accuser of L. Arrun of Germanicus, ii. 53: allies of
tius, vi. 7. Mithridates and Antonius, ii.
Aruseius, L., vi. 40. 55: killed condemned cri
Asclepiadae, xii. 61. minals by poison, xv. 64: laws
Asclepiodotus, see Cassius. of Solon, iii. 26: orators, O.
Asconius Labeo, tutor of Nero, 25, 40.
xiii. 10. Atilius, a libertus, banished, iv.
Asia, cities of, erect temple to 33, 62, 63.
Tiberius, iv. 15, 37, 55: and to Atilius, his temple to Spes in
Augustus, iv. 37: Asiae et Eu first Punic war, ii. 49.
ropa divortium, xii. 63: Atilla, poet Lucans mother, xv.
twelve citiesof,ruined by earth 56, 71.
quake, ii. 47: these relieved Atimetus, libertus of Domitia,
of tribute, ii. 47; iv. 13. xiii. 19, 21, 22.
Asiaticus Valerius, see Valerius. Atticus, centurion, vi. 24: orator,
Asinius Agrippa, consul, iv. 34: O. 21.
death, iv. 61. Atticus, see Curtius, Julius, Pom
Asinius Gallus, i. 8: boldness ponius, Vestinus.
towards Tiberius, i. 12; iv. Attus Clausus, iv. 8; xii. 25.
71 : son-in-law of Agrippa, i. Atys, king, father of Tyrrhenus
12: aspires to empire, i. 13: and Lydus, iv. 55.
flatters Tiberius, ii. 33: a Ti Aufidienus Rufus, i. 20.
berio circumventus, i. 13: pro Aufona (or, Antona), river of
ceedings in Senate, i. 76; ii. Britain, xii. 31.
32, 33, 35; iv. 20, 30, 71 : as Augurale, and altar, ii. 13; xv.
sails a tribunus plebis, i. 77: 30.
is sought by Piso as counsel Auguratus, i. 62.
for defence, iii. 11: adultery Augures, ii. 83; iii. 59, 64.
with Agrippina, vi. 25: death, Augurium Salutis, xii. 23: good
vi. 23. omen, ii. 17; H. i. 62.
Asinius Marcellus, xiv. 40. Augusta, see Livia: her seat
Asinius Pollio, i. 12; iii. 75; xi, with the Westals, iv. 16.
 INDEX. 650

Augusta, this name conferred, and busts of him, i. 73: his

xii. 26; xv. 23; H. ii. 89. asylum (sanctuary), iii. 63:
Augustales ludi, i. 15: disturb eloquence, xiii. 3 : opinion of
ances at, i. 54. chief nobles, i. 13: his dealing
Augustales sodales, i. 54; ii. 83; with mutinous legions, i. 42:
iii. 64; H. ii. 95. his North Mediterranean fleet,
Augustani, equites enrolled by iv. 5: his mens acerrima, H.
Nero, xiv. 15. ii. 76: his will, i. 8: character
Augustodunum, capital of the and achievements, i. 9, 10:
AEdui, iii.43, 45. his deification, ii. 22: letters
Augustus, brought up by mo to Virgil, O. 13: advice not to
ther, Atia, O. 28 : visit to extend empire, i. 11; A. 13:
Agrippa Postumus, i. 5: comments of public on his life,
consul with Hirtius, O. 17: i. 9; temples to him, i. 75:
in nineteenth year of age en iv. 37, 55, 57; vi. 45; cf. iv.
gaged in civil war, xiii. 6: 55: name of Augustus given
his contest with Antonius, xi. to Mons Caelius, iv. 64 : to
7: takes wife from Nero, i. 10: Otho, H. i., 47: to Vitellius,
assumes empire, i. 2: takes H. ii. 62, 90 : to Vespasian,
title of princeps, i. 9: his laws, H. ii. 80.
iii. 28: the lex majestatis, i. Aurelius Cotta, iii. 2, 17.
72 : the potestas tribunicia, Aurelius Pius, i. 75.
iii. 56: adapts old institutions. Auspicalis dies, of officials, i'i.
iv. 16: centred power of offi 59; iv. 36.
cials in himself, i. 2, 6: the Auspices, attended weddings, xi.
lex Saenia increasing number 27; xv. 37.
of patricii, xi. 25: extended Auspices: prerogative of em
omoerium, xii. 23: reserved perors, distinct from ductus,
gypt, and set equites to go the command in the field, ii.
vern it, ii. 59; xii. 60; H, i. 41 (note).
11: journeys to East and West Auzea, fort in Numidia, iv. 25.
with Livia, iii. 34: into Ger Avaritia, of officials, i. 2:
many, i. 46, 59: the defeat of checked by Tiberius, iv. 6:
Varus, i. 59: plans for marry the scita Calpurnia against it,
ing daughter, iv. 39: banishes xv. 20: av. of procuratores
her, i. 53 : respect to remains excites revolt, xiv. 32: of Ro
of Drusus, iii. 5: death of his mans, iv. 72; A. 30; cf. H. i.
grandsons, iii. 6: fondness for 51, 60; A. 12.
Pantomimi, i. 54: sham sea Aventinus, vi. 45.
fight, xii. 56: his rationarium Avernus, lake, xv. 42.
imperii, i. 11; ruled fifty-six Aviola, see Acilius.
years, O. 17: hoped for divine Avitus, legatus of Britain, xiv.
honours, iv. 38: death at Nola, 29; see A. Didius.
i. 5; his effigies amongst those Avitus Dubius, xiii. 54, 56.
of gods, i. 11; ii. 22, 41; iii.
64: imago, ii. 37: his public
and private fortunes, iii. 24: B.
held thirteen consulships, and
obtained name of imperator, Bacchic rites, xi. 31.
i. 9; his worshippers, i. 73: Bacchus, conqueror, iii. 61.
it was nefas to sell statues Bactria, plains of, ii. 60; xi. 8.
660 INDEX.

Baduhenna, grove of, iv. 73. I'" Rubellius, see

lus.
Rubel
Baiae, lake of, xiv. 4. -

JBaiae, xi. 1; xv. 52: fishponds Blitius Catulinus, xv. 71.

of, xiii. 21. Boarium forum, xii. 24.
JBalbillus, C., xiii. 22. Boiocalus, of Germany, xiii. 55,
JBalbus Domitius, xiv. 40. 56.
Balbus Laelius, an accusator, vi. IBolanus, see Vettius. -

47, 48. Bona : the maternal property of

JBalbus, of Spain, xi. 24; xii. 60. condemned persons restored to
JBalbus, see Cornelius.
Balearic islands, as places of
exile, xiii. 43.
JBalista, xii. 56: xv. 9.
Lalmei, death in, xiv. 64: xv.
64, 69.
*:an" (or Wardanes), xi. 8,
Barea Soranus, xii. 53: doomed
by Nero, xvi. 21, 23, 33: de
scribed as falso testimonio cir
cumventus, H. iv. 10, 40: in
killing him and Thrasea Paetus
#ero slew virtues self, xvi.
IBarium, a municipium of Apu
lia, xvi. 9.
* of Paullus restored, iii. Britain, H. i. 9, 10: its mines,
Bastarnae, tribe, ii. 65; G. 46.
Batavi, tribe, ii. 8; see H. In
dex; their insula, ii. 6.
Bathyllus, favourite of Maecenas,
i. 54.
Bauli, country-seat of, xiv. 4.
Belgae, iii. 40; cf. i. 34, 43.
Belgica, province, xiii. 53 : its Britain, the legions in, H. i. 9,
legatus, ib., and H. i. 59; pro
curator, H. i. 12, 58.
IBellum Italicum, iii. 27: sociale, I}ritannicus, son of Claudius and
vi. 12: Perusinum, v. 1.
JBeneventum, xv. 34.
I'", his libellous verses,
IV. 54.
Pibulus, C., iii. 52.
Lithynia, proconsular province,
i. 74; xvi. 18: charges against
her governors, xii. 22; xiv. 46.
JBithynum mare, ii. 60.
Blaesus, father and son, suicide
of, vi. 40.
Llaesus, see Junius.
the sons, iii. 68; xiii. 43: the
# confiscated, iii. 25; vi.
Bononia, colonia, xii. 58 : fire
there, xii. 58.
Bosporanum bellum, xii. 15, 16,
63.
Boudicea, queen of the Iceni,
xiv. 31, 35: poisons herself,
xiv. 37; A. 16.
Boum terga, paid as tribute by
Frisii, iv. 72.
Bovillae, town of, ii. 41 : xv.
23.
Brigantes, people of Britain, xii.
32; H. iii. 45: conquered by
Cerialis, A. 17.
A. 12: conquest and loss of,
H. i. 2: joins Vitellius, H., i.
60: revolts, xii. 31, 36; xiv.
29 sqq. : its proconsuls, A. 8:
9, 14, 16, 17, 18 : victories and
defeats, xiv. 29, 37, 42; A. 37:
description of, A. 1013, 21,
24.
60, 61, 70; ii. 57, 65, 66, 97;
iii. 22.
Messalina, xi. 4, 11, 26, 32;
xii. 2 : set aside in favour of
Domitius (afterwards Nero),
xii. 25, 41 : poisoned by Nero,
xiii. 16; cf. xi. 1; xii. 9, 65;
xiii. 10, 14, 15.
Britons, human sacrifices of,
xiv. 30: description of, A. 11 :
led by women in war, xiv. 35;
cf. A. 16: war-chariots, A. 12;
#5. xiv. 34; A. 12, 21, 36; G.
 INDEX. 661

Brueteri, people of Germany, i. Caecina Largus, P., xi. 33, 34.

51, 60; xiii. 56; see H. In Caecina Severus, A., i. 31 : de
dex. feats Marsi, i. 56: served forty
IBrundisinum, foedus, i. 10. years, i. 64: defeats Arminius,
IBrundisium, town of, ii. 30; iii. i. 6468: gains triumphalia
1, 7; iv. 27; H. ii. 83: place insignia, i. 72: appointed to
of landing in Italy from the build fleet, ii. 6: proposes in
East, iii. 1. Senate an ara Ultioni on ac
Erutidius Niger, iii. 66. count of Germanicus, iii. 18:
Brutus, L., i. 1: lex curiata, xi. moves that no official be ac
22: the patricii minorum gen companied by his wife to go
tium, xi. 25. vernment of province, iii. 33.
Brutus, M. Junius, i. 2: praises Caecina Tuscus, xiii.20; H. iii.
of, iv. 34: orator, O. 17, 18, 38.
25, 30, 38: his works, iv. 34; Caeles Vibenna, Etruscan chief,
O. 18, 21 : constantia, H. iv. iv. 65.
8: conspicuous by absence of Calibum poenae, iii. 25.
# bust at sisters funeral, iii. Caelius Cursor, eques, iii. 37.
Caelius mons, fire on, called Aw
#ina,
0.
use of, at dinner, xv. gustus, iv. 64: named from
Caeles Vibenna, iv. 65.
Burrus Afranius, praetorii prae Caelius Pollio, xii. 45.
fectus, xii. 42, 69: rector of Caepio Crispinus, i. 74.
Nero, xiii. 2, 6: disliked by Caesar, C., dictator, see Julius:
Nero, xiii. 20; xiv. 15: kept Caesar Augustus, see Augus
his post, xiii. 20: is accused, tus: Caesar Tiberius, see Tibe
xiii. 23: consulted as to murder rius, &c.
of Agrippina, xiv. 7: death, Caesar, C., grandson of Augustus,
xiv. 51: his wisdom, xiii. 6 : i. 3; iv. 1: sent to East, ii.
his maimed hand, xiii. 14. 42: governs Armenia, iii. 48:
Byzantium, city of Thrace, ii. rival of Tiberius, iii. 48; vi.
54; H. ii. 83; iii. 47: relieved 51: his wife Livia, afterwards
of tribute, xii. 63: friendly to married to Drusus, son of Ti
Rome, xii. 62: its origin, &c., berius, iv. 40.
xii. 63. Caesar Caligula, C., i. 41, 69:
his tyranny, H. i. 89: why
called Caligula, i. 41 : alum
C. nus legionum, i. 44, 69: great
grandson of Augustus, i. 42:
Cadicia, wife of Scaevinus, xv. plot of Sejauus against him,
71. vi. 3: mocks at Sulla, vi. 46:
Cadius Rufus, condemned for succeeds to empire, vi. 50:
repetundae, xii. 22 : restored pronounces funeral oration of
to Senate, H. i. 77. his great-grandmother Au
Cadmus, brought letters into gusta Livia, v. 1: his pro
Greece, xi. 14. fligacy, vi. 9; xv. , 72: his
Cadra hill, vi. 41. partial insanity, turbidus ani
Caecilianus, senator, vi. 7: Do mi, H. iv. 48 : and turbata
mitius, xvi. 34: Magius, iii. mens, xiii. 3: marries Claudia
37. Silana, vi. 20: punishes accu
Caecilius Cornutus, iv. 28. | satores, iv. 71: the bon-mot
-
662 INDEX.

of Passienus on him, vi. 20: Calpurnius Salvianus, iv. 36.

privy with Macro to murder Calumniae poena, xiv. 41.
of Tiberius, vi. 45,46, 50: his Calusidius, soldier, i. 35.
useless attempts on Germany Calvina Junia, banished, xii.
and Britain, H. iv. 15; A. 13; 4, 8.
G. 37: orders his statue to be Calvisius, a cliens of Silana, xiii.
placed in temple at Jerusalem, 19, 21 : banished, xiii. 22:
H. v. 9; killed by Cassius recalled, xiv. 12.
Chaerea, i. 32; H. iii. 68; cf. Calvisius Sabinus, vi. 9; H.
xi. 3; xiii. 1. i. 48.
Caesar, L., grandson of Augustus, Camels, used in war, xv. 12.
i. 3, 53: rival of Tiberius, vi. Camerinus Sulpicius, xiii. 52,
#: betrothed to Lepida, iii. Camerium, xi. 24.
Camillus Scribonianus, see Fu
Caesarum familia, reduced to one rius.
person, xiii. 17: their tumulus, Campania, magistrates of, shew
iii. 9. respect to remains of Germa
Caesennius Paetus, L., xv. 6, 7, nicus, iii. 2; whirlwind in,
25 sq. xvi. 13: its Greek inhabitants,
Caesia silva, i. 50. iv. 67: its lakes, iii. 59; H, i.
Casianus Apronius, iii. 21. 23: war in, iv. 3: favourite
Caesius Cordus, iii. 38 :... con retreat of Tiberius, iv. 57, 67,
demned for repetundae, iii. 70. 74; vi. 1: fleet, xv. 46: tem
Caesius Nasica, xii. 40. ples dedicated there by Tibe
'aesoninus Suilius, xi. 36. rius, iv. 67: a libertus could
Caesonius Maximus, xv. 71. be banished thither, xiii. 26.
Castici (!) ludi, xvi. 21. Camulodunum, colonia in Bri
Calabria, iii. 1, 2: slave-revolt
there, xii. 65.
,
6.
xii. 32; xiv. 31; A. xiv.
Calavius Sabinus, xv. 7. Candidates, preference given to,
Calends of January, solemnities with larger number of chil
on, iv. 70: the annual oath of dren, ii. 51 : cand. commen
allegiance, xvi. 22. dati, i. 15: law against can
Cales, vi. 15. vassing, xv. 20: twelve candi
Caligula, see C. Caesar Caligula. dates for praetorship, i. 14.
Calles, a provincia quaestoria,
iv. 27.
c:g,
3
people of Britain, xii.
Callistus, a libertus of Claudius, Caninius Gallus, vi. 12.
xi. 29, 38: partisan of Lollia Canninefas, xi. 18: ala Cann.,
Paulina, xii. 1. iv. 73.
Calpurnia gens, iii. 24; xv. 48. Canopus, in Egypt, ii. 60.
Calpurnia, lady of rank, ba Capito Insteius, xiii. 39: Lu
#hed,
12.
xii. 22: recalled, xiv. cilius, iv. 15: Valerius, xiv.
12.
Calpurnia,
xi. 30.
mistress of Claudius, Capito, see Ateius, Fonteius,
Cossutianus.
Calpurnia scita, xv. 20. Capitolinus Juppiter, xv. 23:
Calpurnianus Decius, xi. 35. Capit. mons, xv. 18.
Calpurnius, aquilifer, i. 39. Capitolium, built by T. Tatius,
Calpurnius, Cn., see Cn. Piso. xii. 24: burnt, vi. 12: Agrip
Calpurnius Fabatus, xvi. 8. pina rides up to, in carpentum,
 INDEX. 663

xii. 42; and Nero, in triumph, Cassius Chaerea, assassinated

xiv. 13: place of sanctuary, Caligula, i. 32; H. iii.68.
iii. 36: Juno propitiata there, Cassius, C., assassin of Caesar,
xv. 44; see H. Index. i. 2, 10; ii. 43; H. ii. 6: called
Cappadocia, made a province, tultimus Romanorum, iv. 34:
ii. 42, 56 : formerly subject to his wife, iii. 76; cf. xvi. 7.
Egypt, ii. 60: its procura Cassius, miles, xv. 66.
#. xii. 49 : levy there, xiii. *::", mimus or histrio, i.
5. 3.
Cappadocum nobilitas, xiv. 26: Cassius Longinus, C., rector of
their auxilia in Roman army, Syria, xii.11 : eminent lawyer,
xv. 6. xii. 12; xiii.48: speech against
('aprea, island of, retreat of Ti slaves, xiv. 43 : his disciplina,
berius, iv. 67; vi. 1, 2, 10. xv. 52 : severitas, xii. 12:
Captives, mode of detaining, iii. gravitas morum, xiii. 41, 48;
22: burnt by Britonsandothers, xvi. 7: exiled, xvi. 9, 22.
xiv. 30; G. 9. Cassius Longinus, L., progener
Capua, colonia, xiii. 31 : tem of Tiberius and consul, vi. 15,
ples there, iv. 57,67. 45.
Caractacus, British chief, xii. Cassius Severus, i. 72: banish
33, 35, 38: his capture, xii. ment, iv. 21 : orator, O. 19,
36; H. iii. 45: brought to 26.
Rome, xii. 36: spared by Castra, Vetera, see Vetera: por
Claudius, xii. 37. tae, i. 66; H. iv. 30: the pa
Carcer et ergastulum, iii. 51; rade-ground in, i. 44: castra
vi. 39. as origin of town, i. 45.
Carinas, Celer, senator, xiii. 10: Cato, M., praised by Cicero up
Secundus, xv. 45. - to the skies, iv. 34.
^{#ida,
. 11.
chief of the Batavi, Cato Porcius, iv. 56, 68.
Catonius Justus, i. 29.
Carmani, vi. 36. Catti, see Chatti.
Qarmina, of Nero, xiv. 16; xv. Catualda, nobilis juvenis, ii. 62,
63.
49; probrosa (libellous), pu
nishment for, xiv. 48; xvi. 14: Catulinus, see Blitius.
incantations to raise ghosts, Catullus, his poems against
: 28: to cause madness, iv. Caesar, iv. 34.
Catumerus, chief of the Chatti,
Carpentum, used by Agrippina, xi. 16.
xii. 42. Catus Decianus, procurator in
*::".
12, 14.
Parthian chief, xii. Britain, xiv. 32.
Catus Firmius, see Firmius.
Carsidius Sacerdos, iv. 13. Caudina clades, xv. 13.
Carthage, xvi. 1. Cecrops, inventor of letters, xi.
Cartismandua, queen of the
Brigantes, xii. 36, 40; H. iii. Celendris, fortress of Cilicia,
45 ii. 80.
Casperius, centurio, xii. 45; xv. Celer, architect (engineer), xv.
Caspia via, vi. 33. Celer Carinas, Celer Domitius,
Cassia familia, vi. 2; xii. 12: Celer Propertius; see Carinas,
lex, xi. 25. Domitius, Propertius.
664 INDEX.

Celer, P., eques, xiii. 1: accused, Cethegus Labeo, iv. 73.

xiii. 33. Cetronius, C., legatus, i. 44.
Celsus, eques, accused of con Chaerea, see Cassius.
spiracy, vi. 14: tribune, vi. 9. Chalcedonii, called caeci, for
Celsus, see Marius, Julius. missing site of Byzantium, xii.
Cenchrius, river, iii. 61. 63.
Censor, expels Senators from the Chaldaei, or Mathematici, xii.
ordo, xii. 4. 68; xiv. 9: expelled Italy, ii.
Censorium funus, iii. 5; iv.15; 32 : their art, vi. 20; xvi. 14:
vi. 27; xiii. 2; H. iv. 47: edic faith put in them, ii. 27: their
tum, xii. 4: censoria mens, xii. incantations and devices, ii.
5: munia, xi. 13. 28, 30: superstitiones magicae,
Censura, ii. 33; H. i. 52. xii. 59: their sacra, vi. 29:
Census, held by Claudius, xi. fraudes, H. i. 22: Senatus
25; xii. 4: Galliarum, i. 31, consulta against them useless,
33; ii. 6; xiv. 46: senatorius, xii. 52; H. ii. 62; cf. ii. 69;
i.75; ii. 37. * iii. 22; vi. 22; xii. 22.
Centesima, tax, i. 78; ii. 42. Chamavi, people of Germany,
Centurionatus, i. 44. xiii. 55; G. 33, 34.
Centuriones, insignes, iv. 73: Charicles, physician, vi. 50.
primorum ordinum, i. 29: Chatti, people of Germany, i.
beaten by soldiers, i. 32 : sixty 55, 56; ii. 7, 25, 41, 88; xi.
to legion, i. 32: classiarii, 16; xiii. 56; H. iv. 12, 37;
xiv. 8: cohortium, i.18: their G. 29, 30, 31, 32, 35, 36; cf.
witis, i. 23: the primi pili cen xii. 27, 28; xiii. 57.
#io kept the eagle, H. iii. Chauci, people of Germany, i.
38: help Romans, i. 60; ii. 17:
Cercina, island of, place of exile, expel Ansibarii, xiii. 55: their
i. 53; iv. 13. land, ii. 24: invade Germania
Ceres, goddess, xv. 44, 53: tem inferior, xi. 18; cf. xi. 19, and
ple of, ii. 49; xv. 53 : cereales G. 35.
circenses, xv. 53, 74: ludi Cherusci, people of Germany, i.
cereales, H. ii. 55. 55, 56; xiii. 55,56: enemies to
Cerialis Anicius, consul, xv. 74: Suevi, ii. 44: raised in revolt
killed, xvi. 17. by Arminius, i. 5963; ii. 9
Cerialis Petilius, legatus of 26: defeated by Germanicus,
ninth legion in Britain, xiv. ii. 17: their internal quarrels,
32, 33; see H. Index: gover ii. 26, 44: war with Romans,
nor of Britain, A.8: conquered ii. 45, 46: quarrel with Chatti,
Brigantes, A. 17. xii. 28: with Ansibarii, xiii.
Cervarius Proculus, eques, xv. 56: seek a king at Rome, xi.
50: , accuses Faenius Rufus, 16, 17: triumph over them, ii.
xv. 66 : pardoned as informer, 41; cf. G. 36.
xv. 71. Christus, xv. 44: persecution of
Cesellius Bassus, Paenus, xvi. 1: Christians, ib.
his suicide, xvi. 3. Cibyratica civitas, iv. 13.
Cesius Nasica, xii. 40. Cicero, M., praises Cato, iv. 34:
Cestici (?) ludi, xvi. 21. see O. passim.
Cestius, C., senator, iii. 36; vi. Cilices, ii. 78, 80; xiii.33; xvi.
7 : consul, vi. 31.
Cestius Proculus, xiii. 30.
# : tribe called Clitae, xii.
 INDEX. 665

Cilicia, ii. 58,68; iii. 48; vi. 31; Claudia Pulchra, iv. 52, 66.
xiii. 8. Claudia Silana, wife of C. Caesar,
Cilnius, see Maecenas. vi. 20: death, vi. 45.
Cilo Junius, xii. 21. Claudiale flaminium, xiii. 2.
Cincia lex, see Lex. Claudius Demianus, xvi. 10.
Cineres, xiv. 12: of Germanicus, Claudius Drusus, i. 3.
ii. 75, 77; iii. 2. Claudius, emperor, iii. 18: his
Cingonius Varro, xiv. 45: con son was to marry Sejanus
sul designatus, H. i. 6: killed, daughter, iii. #9 : bonarum
H. i. 37. artium cupiens, vi. 46: immi
Cinithii, tribe of Africa, ii. 52. mutae mentis, ib.: hebes, xi.
Cinna, i. 1: his battle in Rome, 2; xii. 28: censor, xi. 13:
iii. 83 : at Janiculum, H. sodalis Augustalis, i. 54:
iii. 51. goes to meet remains of bro
Circense ludicrum, i. 15; xi. 11; ther Germanicus, iii. 2: de
xii. 41; xv. 23, 44, 53; H. i. spised, iii. 18: compassionate,
4: bust of Germanicus carried xi. 36: consul five times, xii.
in place of honour at, ii. 83. 41: reigned fourteen years, O.
Circus Maximus, ii. 49; iii. 2: 17: vinolentus, xii. ln

partly burnt, vi., 45; xv. 38: vaded Britain, A. 13: makes
the seats of different ranks liberti his favourites, xii. 60:
there, xv. 32. his passive temper, xii; .3:
Cirtensium pagi, iii. 74. caelestes honores decreed him,
Civis servati decus, see Corona xii. 69; xiii. 2: his aqueduct,
Civica. xi. 13: adds letters to alpha
Civitas Romana given, xiii. 54; bet, xi. 13, 14: gives civitas
cf. iii. 40; and H. i. 8, 78; Romana to Gauls, xi. 23 sq. :
iii. 47. lustrum condit, xi. 25: uxor
Clades, Caudina, and, Numan ious, xi. 28; xii. 1, 3:... dismay
tina, xv. 13: Lolliana and at marriage of Messalina and
Variana, i. 10. Silius, xi. 31: has Messalina
Clanis, river, i. 79. killed, xi. 38: marries Agrip
Clarius Apollo, oracle of, ii. 54; pina, xii. 2,5 : extends poma
xii. 22. rium, xii. 23: adopts. Nero,
Classes Romanac, iv. 5: in Pon xii. 25: prefers him to his own
tus, H. ii. 83. son, xii. 41 : administered jus
Classici, or, Classiarii, iv. 27; tice, xii. 43: great sham sea
xii. 56; xiv. 4, 8. fight, xii. 56: assigns Judaea to
Classicianus Julius, xiv. 38. equites or liberti, H. v. 9.:
Classicum, trumpet sounded in poisoned, xii. 67: Divus, xii.
city at execution of citizen, 69; A. 13: his speech on giv
ii. 32. ing civitas to Gaul, xi, 24 :
Claudia aqua (aqueduct), xi. famine in his reign, xii. 43:
13 style of speaking, xiii. 3 :
claidia domus, extinction of, i.
templetohimin Britain, xiv. 31.
16: pride of, i. 4, 16; favour- Claudius Felix, xii. 54.
ites of heaven, iv. 64: Sabine Claudius Marcellus, i. 3.
origin of, xi. 24: last blood of, Claudius Senecio, intimate of
xiii. 17: kept up without adop Nero's, xiii. 12.
tions, xii. 25: their imagines, Claudius Timarchus, of Crete,
ii. 43; iii. 5; iv. 9. xv. 20.
666 INDEX.

Clausus, see Attus. Coloniae, how established, xiv.

Clemens Julius, centurion, i. 23, 27; H. i. 78.
26. Colophon, oracle of Apollo Cla
Clemens Salienus, xv. 73. rius at, ii. 54.
Clemens, slave of Agrippa Pos Comet, with fear of change
tumus, ii. 39, 40. perplexes monarchs, xiv. 22;
Clementiae ara, iv. 74. xv. 47.
Cleonicus, a libertus of Seneca, Cominius, C., iv. 31.
xv. 45. Comites (official #
of provin
Cleopatra, mistress of Claudius, cial governors, i. 29.
xi. 30. Comitia, consularia, under Tibe
Clientelae, iii. 55; O. 39. rius, i. 83 : e campo (Martio)
Clitae, tribe of Cilicia, vi. 41; ad patres transferuntur, i. 15:
xii. 55. magistratuum in quinquen
Clodius, C., xi. 7. mium, ii. 36; cf. H. i. 14, 18; ii.
Clodius, P., xi. 7. 91: comitialis morbus, xiii. 16.
Clodius Quirinalis, xiii. 30. Comitium, xiii. 58; A. 2.
Cluvidienus Quietus, xv. 71. Commageni, ii. 42, 56; xv. 12.
Cluvius, historical writer, xiii. Commentarii, senatus, xv. 74:
20; xiv. 2. of Agrippina the younger, iv.
Clypeus, shield of honour to the 53: of Claudius, xiii. 43 : ad
-dead, ii. 83. dressed to Senate, vi. 47.
Cnaeus Domitius, xii. 64. Conciliabula, iii. 40.
Cocceius Nerva, see Nerva. *::::ia.
offerings decreed to,
Codicilli, of Piso, iii. 16: Veien ll. 32.
to, xiv. 50: Seneca, xv. 64: Confarreandi mos, iv. 16,
of the emperors and of testa Congiarium, given to plebs, iii.
tors, as petitions and warrants 29; xii. 41; xiii. 31; xiv. 11.
of execution, i. 6; iv. 39; xiv. Conjugia, with a niece, xii. 6, 7;
50; xvi. 19. with cousins, xii. 6.
Caeletae, tribe of Thrace, iii. Consalutatio, when armies met,
38. xv. 16; H. iv. 72.
Caeranus, xiv. 59. Consecratio, see Apotheosis.
Caeus, father of Latona, and Considius AEquus, iii. 37.
island of Cos, xii. 61. Considius Proculus, v. 8; vi.
Cogidumnus, chief in Britain, A. 18.
14. Conspiracy, against Nero, xv.
Cognomina and praenomina of 48, 54; cf. xvi. 17.
condemned persons laid aside Consul designatus (consul-elect),
by their gens, ii. 32. first gave his vote, iii.22; xiv.
Cohors, praetoria, of provincial 48: consuls sat on sedes vul
governors, and aulica or ur garis (with other senators) in
bana, i. 29; vi. 9 : cohortes token of mourning for Drusus
leves, ii. 52 : subsidiaria', i. death, iv., 8: chosen by em
63: urbanae, iv. 5; H. i. 87; peror, i. 3, 15, 81; H. iii. 55:
ii. 93; iii. 64: praetoria, i. 7, 17, suffecti, H. i. 77; iii. 37: ask
24; ii. 16, 20; iii. 2; iv. 1: opinions of Senators, iii. 22;
centurions of, i. 18. H. iv. 9; in Senatu censent
Colchi, and Jason, vi. 34. referente principe, iii. 17: the
Colonia Agrippinensis, see Agrip designati first asked opinion,
pina. -
iii. 22, 49; iv. 42; xi. 5; xii.
.
668 INDEX.

son-in-law of Tigellinus, xvi. Cruz, Christians crucified, xv.

17: accuses Thrasea, xvi. 28: 44: and slaves, H. iv. 3.
his reward, xvi. 33. Ctesiphon, capital of Parthia, vi.
Cotta Messalinus, ii. 32; xii. 22: 42
his descent and character, iv. Cumae, xvi. 19.
20: his cruel proposals against Cumana litora, xv. 46.
Agrippina and Nero, v. 3 : Cumanus, see Ventidius.
accused, vi. 5. Cunei, of theatre, xvi. 5.
*'', king of Armenia minor, Curiae veteres, xii. 24.
X1. 9. Curiata comitia et leges, xi. 22;
&#,
8
king of Bosporus, xii. 15, xii. 26.
Curio, C., xi. 7; O. 37.
Cotys, king of part of Thrace, Curtilius Mancia, xiii. 56.
ii. 64: killed by Rhescuporis, Curtisius, T., iv. 27.
ii. 66 : his children under pro Curtius Atticus, iv. 58: ruined
tection of Rome, ii. 67; iii. by Sejanus, vi. 10.
38; iv. 5: his wife, ii. 67. Curtius Lupus, quaestor, iv. 27.
Crassus, M., orator, O. 37: cen Curtius Montanus, xvi. 28 : ac
sor, O. 35: his power, i. 1 : cused of libellous poem, xvi.
defeat by Parthians, ii. 2; 29: pardoned for fathers sake,
G. 37. xvi. 33; see H. iv. 40, 42.
o:iter, their harshness, xi. Curtius Rufus, xi. 20, 21.
Curtius Severus, xii. 55.
Credulity, with regard to good Curulis sella, i. 75; xv. 29; II.
news, xiv. 4: of lower classes, ii. 59.
xvi. 2. Custodia, of culprits, militaris,
Cremutius Cordus, iv. 34. apud magistratus et vades, iii.
Crepereius Gallus, xiv. 5. 22 : body-guard of emperors,
Crescens Tarquitius, xv. 11. xiii. 18: publica, iii. 36.
Crete, island of, iv. 21 (as place Cusus, river, ii. 63.
of banishment), sends envoys Cyclades, islands, ii. 55; v. 10 :
to Rome, iii. 63: proconsuls as places of exile, see Juvenal,
of, iii. 38; xv. 20: laws (of vi. 563.
Minos), iii. 26; 0.40: elo Cyclopes, iii. 61.
quence neglected there, O. Cyme, ii. 47.
#: Judaeorum patria, H. v. Cynicae institutionis doctor, xvi.
34; H. iv. 40.
Creticus Silanus, ii. 4, 43. Cyprii, theirjus asyli, iii. 62.
Crispinus Caepio, i. 74. Cyrenenses, accuse Caesius Cor
Crispinus Rufius, praetorii prae dus, iii. 70 : and Pedius Blae
Jectus, xi. 1 : presented with sus, xiv. 18: their king, Ptole
practurae insignia, xi. 4: de maeus Apion, bequeathed king
prived of his office as prayfec dom to Rome, xiv. 18.
tus, xii. 42: husband of Pop Cyrrhus, town of Syria, ii. 57.
paca, xiii. 45: banished, xv. Cyrus, king, iii. 62; vi. 31.
71 : his suicide, xvi. 17. Cythnus, island of, as place of
Crispus, see Vibius. exile, iii. 69.
Crupellarii, iii. 43. Cyziceni, libertatem amiserunt,
Cruptorix, iv, 73, iv. 36.
 INDEX. 669

P of food and wine, by

the pragustator, as precaution
D. against poisoning, xii. 66.
IDelatores, see Accusatores.
Dahae, tribe, ii. 3; xi. 8, 10. Lelos, birthplace of Apollo and
Dalmatae, ii. 53: held by two Diana, iii. 61.
legions, iv. 5; cf. xii. 52. IDelphi, oracle of, ii. 54.
Lalmaticum bellum, vi. 37: Delubrum, of AEsculapius, iv.
mare, iii. 9. 14: of Vesta, xv. 41; of For
Damaratus, xi. 14. tuna, iii. 71: burnt, xv. 40.
Lamnati, condemned culprits IDemetrius, the Cynic, xvi. 34.
had goods confiscated, were Demianus, see Claudius.
deprived of funeral rites, and Demonax, praefectus, xi. 9.
their wills were invalid, vi. Denarius, i. 17.
29: the bona materna restored Densus Julius, xiii. 10.
to the sons, iii. 68; xiii. 43: Denter Romulius, vi. 11.
momen and effigies removed, Dentheliates ager, iv. 43.
xi. 38; H. iii.31: names erased Leportatio, i. 3; iv. 13; xiv.
from fasti, iii. 17: the pra 45.
nomina paterna changed, ib.: Devotiones, ii. 30, 60; xii. 65;
#le. cast into Tiber, vi. xvi. 31; see Chaldaei.
Lextrae, clasped in treaties, xii.
IDandarica, xii. 16. 47; xv. 28.
IDandaridae, xii. 15. Diadema, vi. 37; xv. 29.
Danubius, river, ii. 63; iv. 5; Dialis, see Flamen and Flami
# iii. 46; see G. 1, 20, 41, nica.
Diana Leucophryne, iii. 62:
P#"
13.
Codomannus, king, xii. Ephesia, iv. 55 : Persica, iii.
62 : Limnatis, iv. 43: lucus
IDarius, king, iii. 63. (sacred grove) of, xii. 8: birth
IDavara, fort, vi. 41. place, iii. 61.
Lead ; bodies burnt, xvi. 6 : IDidius Gallus, A., legatus of
ceremonies, iii. 5: embalmed, Britain, xii. 40; xiv. 29; cf.
xvi. 6: bona of intestati con A. 14: general against Mith
fiscated, ii. 48: the novendi ridates Bosporanus, xii. 15.
alis coena in honour of, vi. 5. Dido, xvi. 1: vain search of
IDecemviralis potestas, i. 1. Nero for her buried treasure,
IDecemviri, iii. 27. xvi. 13.
Decimatio, iii. 21. Didymaeus Apollo, iii. 63.
Lecrius, iii. 20: Decrius Cal Lidymus, libertus, vi. 24.
purnianus, xi. 35. Di hospitales, xv. 52; di patrii,
JDecumana porta, i. 66. i. 59: penates, xi. 16: ultores,
IDecumates agri, G. 29. iv. 28; cf. H. iv. 57 : do gods
Decuria, of scribae, viatores, care for men? vi. 22; xiv. 12;
praecones, lictores, xiii. 27: xvi. 33: di Manes, iii. 2:
of equites, iii. 30; xiv. 20. locorum, xii. 13; cf. H. ii. 70:
IDecurio equitum, xiii. 40. di penetrales Germaniae, ii.
Lecursio, of cohorts, ii. 55; iii. 10.
33: round a bier, in honour Dinis, Thracian leader, iv. 50.
of dead, ii. 7. Discessio, in Senate, iii. 23, 69;
Defixiones magicae, ii. 69. (note on iii. 69, 9, in hanc sen
670 ' INDEX.
gam, and on iii. 23,2, itum
'e.
$. acta populi Romani, iii.
3; xvi. 22.
IDivus, i. 42, (section 5, as ap
plied to deceased emperor),
58, &c. : IDiv honor, xv. 23,
to Nero's dcceased child.
IDolabella Cormelius, toady of
Tiberius, iii. 47, 69.
IDolabella, P., proconsulofAfrica,
iv. 23 : beats Tacfarinas, iv.
25 : the triumphalia not a
warded him, iv. 26 : his opi
nion in Senate on gladiators,
xi. 22 : accuses Varus, iv. 66.
IDomitia Lepida, aunt of Nero,
rival of Agrippina, xii. 64, 65.
Domitius Afer, ranked with
primores oratorum, iv. 52; O.
13, 15 : accuses Varus Quin
tilius, iv. 66 : death, xiv. 19.
Domitius Ahenobarbus, Cm., fa
ther ofNero, husband of Agrip
pina, iv. 75 ; xii. 3 : progemer
of Tiberius, vi. 45 : Tlower of
Albucil!a, vi. 47 : consul, vi.
}0.: effigies set up by Nero, xiii.
IDomitius Balbus, xiv. 40.
JDomitius Cciliamus, xvi. 34.
IDomitius Celer, ii. 7779.
IDomitius, Cn., Nero's great
grandfather, maris potens in
civil war, iv. 44.
IDomitius Corbulo, see Corbulo.
Domitius, L., Nero's grand
father, i. 63 : irarried Anto
$. crossed Elbe, death, iv.
IDomitius, L., Nero's great-great
andfather, fell at Pharsalia,
iv. 44; O. 3.
IDomitius Wero, L., see Nero.
JDomitius Pollio, ii. 86.
IDomitius Silius, xv. 59.
JDomitius Statius, xv. 71.
JDona, vowed to gods, iii. 71 :
militaria, i. 44; T ii. 9; iii. 21 :
decreed to gods, vi. 25.
.Donativum, xii. 41.
Donusa, island of, as place of
exile, iv. 30.
IDoryphorus, a libertus of Nero,
poisoned, xiv. 65.
IDream ; Ccina, i. 65: Ger
manicus, ii. 14 : Petra, xi. 4 :
Bassus, xvi. 1 : interpreters
of, ii. 27.
IDruids, xiv. 30; H. iv. 54.
IDrusiana fossa, ii. 8.
Drusilla, daughter of Germa
nicus, vi. 15.
IDrusorum familia, i. 28 ; xi. 35 :
I)rusi cognomen, taken from
the Scribonii, ii. 82.
IDrusus Claudius, stepson of Au
gustus, i. 3 : father of Ger
manicus, i. 33; ii. 8 : father
in-law of Agrippina the elder,
i. 41 : brother of Tiberius,
called imperator, i. 3 : his
memory dear to the Romans,
i. 33; cf. ii. 41 ; vi. 5l : liber al
tendencies in politics, ii. 82 :
honour paid his funeral by
Augustus, iii. 5: put tribute
om Frisii, iv. 72: gave king to
Suevi, xii. 29 : his fortifica
tions near Rhine, xiii. 53 ; H.
v. 19 : called Csar, xii. 29 :
wom impune Germanos per
culit, G. 37 : forts builtby,
in Germany, i. 56, paterni (s
father of Germanicus) pr
sidii, and ii. 7, castellum Lu
piae.
IDrusus ILibo, see Libo.
Drusus Livius, iii. 27.
Drusus, son of Germanicus, as
sumes toga virilis, iv. 4 : pre
sented to Senate, iv. 8 : dis
a sacerdotibus commendatur,
iv. 17 : prfectus Urbi, iv.
36 : conspires against his bro
ther Nero with Sejanus, iv.
60 : starved in prison, vi. 23 :
a pretender Drusus, in the Cy
clades, v. 10.
I)rusus, son of Tiberius, i. 24 :
great-grandson of Pomponius
Atticus, ii. 43 : Csar, i. 25,
.
672 INDEX.

remained equites for sake of * soldiers, ii. 68; II. i.

gain, xvi. 17; H. ii. 86.
JEquestres, made governors of JExcubiae, of slaves before doors
Egypt, xii. 60. of bedchamber, xiv. 44: sol
*#iii. 71.
Fortuna, temple of, diers assigned to wives and
mothers of emperors, xiii. 18.
Equites, disgraced by performing Erile, imposed either by Senatus
in ludi and arena, xiv. 14, 15; | consultum, lea, or the empe
H. ii. 62 : alarii et legionum, ror, i. 3; iii. 24.
iv. 73: Augustani, xiv. 15: Exiles, their bona confiscated,
as judices, ii. 35; xii. 60: iv. 20: sent to islands of
cavalry fighting as infantry, AEgean sea, &c., i. 3; ii. 85;
xii. 31 : in a public mourning iii. 68, 69; iv. 13, 21, 30, 71;
trabeati, iii. 2: either modici # 63; xv. 71; xvi. 12; H.
' or insignes (illustres,
aticlavii), i. 73: their seats at
1, 2.
Ersequiae publica (public fune
the Circus, xv. 32: transvectio ral), iii. 5, 48; xvi. 6.
and recognitio or censio of,
ii. 83 : societates (as farmers
of revenue), iv. 6; xiii. 50: F.
their fourteen rows of seats at
theatre, xv. 32. Jabatus Calpurnius, xvi. 8.
JErato, queen of Armenia, ii. 4. Fabianus Valerius, xiv. 40.
JErindes, river, xi. 10. Fabius Maximus, i. 5.
JErycus, or Eryx, Mons, Venus Fabius Paulus, vi. 28.
temple at, iv. 43. J'abius Romanus, xvi. 17.
Erythrae, Sibyl at, vi.12. Fabius Rusticus, historical wri
JEsquilina porta, of Rome, ii. 32; ter, xiii. 20; xiv. 2; xv. 61 ;
xv. 40. A. 10.
JEtesiae, vi. 33. Fabricii, ii. 33.
JEtrusci, from whom they learnt J'abricius Veiento, xiv. 50.
letters, xi. 14 : akin to the Raenius Rufus, praefectus an
Lydi, iv., 55: as haruspices, monae, xiii. 22: praefectus prae
xi. 15; cf. iv. 65; xi. 24. torii, xiv. 51: friend of Agrip
JEubaca, island of, ii. 54: v. 10. pina, xiv. 57 : conspires a
JEucaerus Alexandrinus, xiv. 60. gainst Nero, xv. 50, 53: co.1
Eudemus, physician, iv. 3, 11. cerned in death of Seneca, xv.
JEunones, chief of the Aorsi, xii. 61 : is betrayed and killed, xv.
15, 18, 19. 66, 68: his friends condemned,
,
vi. 31.
their power in Parthia, xvi. 12.
Jalanius, eques, i. 73.
Euodus, a libertus of Claudius, Famine, under Claudius, xii. 43.
xi. 37. Famosi libelli, i. 72.
JEuphrates, river, iv. 5; vi. 37; IFasces, reversed, in token of
xiv. 25 : bridged, xiii. 7 : mourning, iii. 2: of imperator
boundary between Roman and ; crowned with bay, and gilt,
Parthian empires, xv. 17: xiii. 9.
bank of, ii. 58; vi. 31; xii. 11; IFasti, name of condemned cul
xv. 3. prit erased from, iii. 17.
JEvander, the Arcadian, xi. 14; Pate, whether human affairs
xv. 41. | proceed by destiny or chance,
674 INDEX,

amd Egypt, iii. 54; xiii. 51 : Galili, people of Juda, xii. 54.
given orsold cheap to plebs, Galla Arria, xv. 59.
*v. 39 : and soldiers, xv. 72 : Galla Sosia, iv. 19.
iiea, thrown in Tiber, xv. Galli, dites et imbelles, xi. 18 :
revolt, iii. 40 : supplied horses
Pucinus lacus, sham sea-fight for Roman army, ii. 5 : ob
on, xii. 56. tained civitas I'omana, xi. 23
Fufius Geminus, consul, v. 1, sq.; H. i. 8, see xiii. 53, and
2 : his mother killed, vi. 10. H. hi;.
Pulcinius Trio, see Trio. Gallia, Comata, xi. 23 : Lug
JFulgura, as prodigies, xv. 47. dumensis, H. i. 59 ; ii. 59 : Nar
JFundani, Montes, iv. 59. bonensis, ii. 63 ; xii. 23; xiv.
Funditores, ii. 20; xiii. 39. 57 ; xvi. 13; and H. Index :
fyiuianus Vettoniamus, xv. distinguished men, xi. 24 :
census of, i. 31, 33; ii. 6 ; xiv.
JFumus, censorium, iv. 15; vi. 46 : litus, iv. 5 : ora, xi. 18 :
27 ; xiii. 2; H. iv. 47 : publi opes, i. 47 : fides, i. 34 : gene
cum, iii. 5, 48 ; vi. 1i : of rosity to Roman legions, i. 71 :
a boy, xiii. 17 : sacerdotes not burning of Rome by Gauls,
to attend, i. 62. $ 43: cohortes, ii. 17 : H.
JFurius Camillus, proconsul of . 70.
Africa, ii. 52 : routs Tacfari Gallus, see Asinius.
nas, iii. 20. Gallus, P., eques, xvi. 12.
JFurius Camillus Scribonianus, Gammascus, chief of the Chatti,
consul, vi. l ; H. i. 89 : raises xi. 18, 19.
insurrection, xii. 52 : killed Garamantes, iii. 74; iv. 23, 26;
under Claudius, H. ii. 75 : his cf. H. iv. 50.
son, xii. 52. Gellius Poplicola, iii. 67.
JFurnius, condemned for adul Gemmius, eques, vi. 14.
gy
52.
with Claudia Pulchra, iv. Gemmius, see Ducennius, Fu
fius.
Fustuarium (military punish Gemoniae scal, iii. 14 ; v. 9
ment) and decimatio, iii. 21. (note); vi. 19, 25 : H. iii. 74,
Gerellamus, tribunus, xv. 69.
G. Germani, see G. passim, and
H. Index : unequal to Ro
Gabolus Iieinius, xiv. 12. mans in regular battle, ii. 5 :
Gaetuli, Lentulus Gtulicus as body-guard of emperors,
triumphed over, see Lentulus. xiii. 18 : Tthe cis-Rhenami, i.
Galatia, xiii. 35; xv. 6 : under 56: their arms, ii. 14 ; H. v.
same prses as Pamphylia, H. 14; G. 6, 11, 13, 27 : not rich
ii. 9. in herds, iv. 72 ; G. 5 : their
Galba, C., see Sulpicius. virtus et fides, xiii. 54: their
Galba, Ser, iii. 55 : consul, vi. defects asfighters, ii. 14 : sil
15 ; see H. i. passim : predic ver mines of, xi. 20 : tbeir
tion of Tiberius that he sbould vetus libertas, xi. 16.
be emperor, vi. 20. Germania, see G. passim, its
Galba, Ser., orator, O. 18, 25 : climate, ii. 23, 24: its terr
accused by Cato Censorius, tumidand deep riyers, ii. 23:
iii. 66, legions of Germania inferior,
 INDEX. 675

i. 31; H. i. 9, 53: of Germ. Antioch, ii. 73; iii. 12: ho

superior, i. 31; vi. 30 : H. nours decreed to him, ii. 83:
i.12. destined as successor by Augus
Germanica bella, history of, by tus, iv. 57: his eloquence, ii.
Pliny, i. 69: mutiny of legions 83: his wife and children, i.33:
in Germany, i. 22, 31, 46, 49: his remains placed in the mau
force in Germany, iv. 5. soleum of Augustus at Roine,
Germanicus, son of Drusus, i. 3: iii. 4: his ashes, ii. 75: good
adopted by Tiberius, i. 3: qualities, i. 33; ii. 13, 43,73:
feared by him, i. 7, 31 : in popular regard for his me
command of army of Germany, mory, iv. 12; xi. 12.
i. 3, 31 : his popularity, i. 33: Geta, see Lusius.
receives the imperium pro Gladiators, at Praeneste, try to
consulare, i. 14: his good qua revolt, xv. 46: show of, ex
hibited annually by quaestors,
lities, i. 33: the empire offered
him by the troops, i. 35 : puts xi.22; xiii. 5: liked by peo
down mutiny, i. 3549; cf. G. ple, i. 76; xiii. 49 : presiding
37: lays waste Germany, i. at shows, i. 76: restrictions as
51 : a sodalis Augustalis, i. to exhibition of, iv. 63; xiii.
54: triumphs, i. 55: called 31, 49: shows of, i. 76; iv.
timperator, i. 58: buries bones 62; xi. 22; xii. 3, 57; xv.
of Varus legions, i. 62 : pur 32, 34: troops of, kept by
sues Arminius, i. 63: his co provincial governors, i. 22,
mitas towards troops, i. 71 : xiii. 31 : slaves trained as, iii.
equips a fleet, ii. 5, 6: on good 43.
terms with Drusus, ii. 43; Glitius Gallus, xv. 56, 71.
iv. 4: Oceanum tentat, G. 1, Gorneae, fort of Armenia, xii.
34: review in honour of his 45.
father Drusus, ii. 7: his dream, Gotarzes, killed brother Arta
ii. 14: disaster to his fleet, banus, xi. 8: king of Parthia,
ii. 23, 24: recalled to Rome, xi. 10: Parthians apply to
ii. 26: triumphs de Germanis, Rome, xi. 10; xii. 10 : death,
ii. 41: erects trophy, ii. 22: xii. 14.
set over the East, ii. 43 : con Gothones, people of Germany,
secrates temple to Spes, ii. 49: ii. 62; G. 43.
grandson of Antonius the Gracchi, turbatores plebis, iii.
triumvir, ii. 43, 53: supports 27: their eloquence and laws,
candidature of Haterius A O. 40.
grippa, ii. 51 : consul second Gracchus, C., iv. 13; vi. 38; cf.
time, ii. 53 : appoints king of O. 18, 26, 40.
Armenia, ii. 56: visit to and Gracchus, praetor, vi. 16.
conduct in Egypt, ii. 59: at Gracchus, see Sempronius.
Athens, ii. 53: insolence of Gracilis AElius, xiii. 53.
Piso to him, ii. 55, 57 : ovatio Graeca adulatio, vi.18: comitas,
decreed to him, ii. 64: illness, A. 4: doctrina, xv. 45.
ii. 69: suspicion of poison, Graeci, fondness for ludicrae
ib.: amicitiam Pisoni renun artes, O. 10: run after novel
tiat (formally cuts Piso), ii.70: ties, v. 10: comites, ii. 2; iv.
death, ii. 71, 72: likened to 58: antiquarians, H., ii. 4 :
Alexander the Great, ii. 73: national vanity, ii. 88: letters,
his body exposed to View at xi. 13, 14; G. 3; certamina,
676 INDEX.

xiv. 21: style of dress, xiv.

21.
#ignatu, iii. 49:
-5
consul, iii.
Granius Marcellus, praetor of Haterius Antoninus, Q., consul,
Bithynia, i. 74 (note). xii. 58; cf. xiii. 34.
Granius Marcianus, senator, vi. IHead, of Octavia brought to
38. Poppaea, xiv. 64: of slain
Granius, Q., accuses Piso, iv. victims mocked by Nero, xiv.
21 57, 59.
Granius Silvanus, tribunus of Heliopolis, vi. 28.
Praetorian guards, xv. 50: Helius, a libertus and procura
sent to Seneca by Nero, xv. tor of Nero, xiii. 1.
60: suicide, xv. 71. Helvidius Priscus, legatus le
o:p", a libertus of Nero, xiii. gionis, xii. 49: tribunus ple
is, xiii. 28 : son-in-law of
Grasidius Sacerdos, vi. 48. Thrasea, xvi. 28, 35; H. iv.
Grates : decreed to the gods, 5: banished, xvi. 33: re
vi. 25; xv. 71,74: to princes, turned under Galba, H. iv. 6;
good or bad, xiv. 56; H. ii. see H. Index: his son im
71; A. 42: to provincial go prisoned under Domitian, A.
vernors, xv. 22. 45.
Gratianus Tatius, vi. 38. Helvius Rufus, miles, gained
Gratus Munatius, xv. 50. corona civica, iii. 21.
Gyarus, island of, as place of IHeniochi, populus Bosporantus,
exile, iii. 68, 69; iv. 30; cf. ii. 68.
Juvenal, i. 73. Herculeius, trierarchus, xiv. 8.
Gymnasia, xiv. 20. Hercules, deified, iv. 38 : con
Gymnasium, erected by Nero, uered Lydia, iii. 61 : the
xiv. 47: burnt, xv. 22. 'a' ii. 60: wood sacred
to him in Germany, ii. 12:
for the German god called
H. ercules, by Tacitus, see G.
3, 9,34): his aescendants, iv.
Hadriaticum mare, ii. 53; xv. 43: his magna ara and fanum,
34. xii. 24; xv. 41 : his hunting
Haemus, mountain - range in on Mt. Sanbulus, xii. 13. -
Thrace, iii. 38; iv. 51. Hercynia silva, ii. 45; G. 28.
Halicarnassii, iv. 55. Heredipetae (legacy - hunters),
Halotus, eunuch of Claudius, xiii. 42; xiv. 40 (orbitate).
xii. 66. Heres: the Caesar left heir to
Halus, town of Parthia, vi. 41. large part of property, to se
Haruspices, colleges of, of Etrus cure rest to legal heirs, ii. 48;
xvi. 11, 17; A.43.
can origin, xi. 15; xv. 47; H. Hermunduri,
ii. 78; iv. 53. people of Ger
IHaterius, Q., i. 13: speech a many, ii. 63; xii. 29, 30; G.
gainst luxury, ii. 33: his base 41: quarrel with Chatti, xiii.
adulation, iii. 57 : death, iv. 57.
61. IHibernia, xii. 32; A. 24.
Haterius Agrippa, D., his cha Hiero, vi. 42, 43.
racter, vi. 4: tribunus plebis, Hierocaesarea, town of Lydia,
i. 77 : praetor, ii. 51: propin ii. 47; iii. 62.
quus Germanici, ib.: consul Hieroglyphics, xi. 14.
 INDEX. 677

JHirtius, consul, slain, i. 10. Ilienses, iv. 55: relieved from

Hispania, held by three legions, ublica munera, xii. 58.
iv. 5: Hisp. citerior, iv. 45; Ilium, ii. 54; vi. 12.
H. i. 49: ulterior, iv. 13: ge Illyricum, i. 5, 46; ii. 44, 53.
nerosity to Rome, i. 71, 78. Imago, of the Caesar, laid hold
Hispo Romanus, i. 74: accused of assanctuary, iii. 36: trium
Seneca, xiv. 65. phalis, xv. 72: imagines of
IHisteius, see Insteius. emperors on standards, iv.2:
IIister, see Atellius. the family imagines in the
IHistriones, pantomimi, i. 54: vestibulum of houses of no
expelled from # iv. 14; bility, xi. 35: ordered to be
xiii. 25: imprisoned, xiii. 28: removed by Senatus-consul
originally imported from Etru tum, xi. 35: carried in funeral
ria, xiv. 21: riotous conduct procession, those of condemned
of, i. 73; iv. 14: their parti criminals broken, ii. 32; iii.
sans, i. 16, 54,77; xiii. 25, 28; 76; iv. 9.
O. 29. Imperator, name of, i. 3, 9,58;
IIomonadenses, people of Cilicia, ii. 26: to whom granted for
iii. 48. last time by Tiberius, iii. 74:
Hortalus, M., grandson of Hor assumed by Nero for Corbulo's
tensius the orator, ii. 37. successes, xiii. 41: the fasces
JHortensius, Q., the orator, ii. timperatoris wreathed with bay
37: decay of his descendants, for generals' successes, xiii.
ii. 38. 9 : apotheosis of emperors, i.
JHorti, Luculliani, xi. 1, 32, 37: 11; xv. 74 : prayers offered
horti bequeathed by J. Caesar for them, iv. 17: oath in acta
to Romans, ii. 41 : of Maece Caesarum atcommencement of
nas, xv. 39: of Nero, xv. 39 : year, xiii. 11: theirjurisdictio
Sallustiani, xiii. 47; H. iii. 82: and cognitio, in trials, iii.
Serviliani, xv. 55; H. iii. 38. 10.
IHospitales di, xv. 52: mensae, Imperium Romanum, extended
ii. 65 : hospitale donum, xiv. to Rubrum mare, ii. 61.
24. Incendium: many fires at Rome,
IHostages, sons of kings as, ii. vi. 45: precautions against, by
1; xi. 10; xii. 10. Nero, xv. 43.
IIypaepeni, iv. 55. Inguiomerus, uncle of Arminius,
IHyrcani, vi. 36, 43; xi. 8, 9; i. 60: routed by Germanicus,
xiii. 37; xiv. 25; xv. 1: Ma ii. 17,21: flees to Maroboduus,
cedones Hyrc., ii. 47. ii. 45.
Insechi, tribe, xiii. 37.
Insteius, centurion, xiii. 9.
I. Insubres, xi. 23.
Iazyges Sarmatae, X. i. 29.
Insulae, as places of exile, i. 3 :
as habitations of poorer classes,
Iberi, of Thessalian origin, vi. vi. 45.
33, 34; xii. 44; came into Bri Interamnates, i. 79.
tain, A. 11. Intercessio tribunicia, xiv. 48;
Iceni, people of Britain, xii. 31, xvi. 26.
32; xiv. 31. Intestate persons, their bona
".
ii. l
plain in Germany, confiscated, ii. 48.
Ionium mare, ii. 53.
678 INDEX.

Isis,
V.
#;" deity, H. iv. 84; } 51; xv. 23: origin of, iv. 9;
xi. 24: lex Julia, ii. 50; iv.
Italicum jus, xv. 32. 42: tumulus, xvi. 6: Juliae
Italicus, king of Cherusci, xi. *ogationes, iii. 25; xv. 20:
16, 17. -
their sacerdotium, H. ii. 95.
Italy, dependent on foreign corn Julia, granddaughter of Augus
supplies, iii. 54: . . those in tus, iii. 24: death, iv. 71.
habitants of, clinging to old Julia, wife of Augustus, see
fashions, xvi. 5: stipendiaria, Livia.
xi.22: fertile, i. 79; xii. 43. Julianae, partes, i. 2.
Ituraei, added to province of Julius, see Clemens.
Syria, xii. 23. Julius Africanus Gallus, vi. 7.
Iturius, a cliens of Silana, xiii. Julius Agrippa, xv. 71.
19: accuses Agrippina, ib.: Julius Altinus, xv. 71.
banished, xiii. 22: recalled, Julius Aquila, xii. 15: obtained
xiv. 12. Praetoria insignia, xii. 21.
Izates, Adiabenus, xii. 13, 14. Julius Caesar, dictator, i. 1, 8:
bequeathed gardens to people,
ii. 41 : put down mutiny, i.
J. 42: favour to Lacedaemonii,
iv. 43: created new patricii,
xi.25: loss of only daughter,
Janitores, iv. 74. iii. 6: wrote reply to Cicero,
Janus, temple of, ii. 49. iv. 34: besieged, xi. 23: the
Jason, vi. 34. chief writer on Gaul, G. 28:
Juba, king of the Mauri, iv. 5: conflicts with Germany, G.
his son Ptolemaeus, iv. 23. 37: first Roman to invade
Judaea, asks for diminution of Britain, xii. 34;...A. 13, 15;
tributum, ii. 42: disturbances | O. 17: orator, xiii. 3; O. 17,
in, xii. 54; see H. Index. i

21, 25, 38: assassination of, H.

Judaei, added to province of iii. 68: overthrew Pompeius
Syria, xii. 23: driven from Magnus, H. iii. 66: accused
Rome, ii. 85. Dolabella, O. 34: his laws on
Judicia, in whose hands, xi. 22: aes alienum, vi. 16: temple,
the lex Servilia restores to H. i. 42 : statue in island of
Senate, xii. 60. |
Tiber, H. i. 86: villa, xiv. 9:
Julia, banished by Claudius, xiv. disturbances at his funeral,
63.
i. 8: decree of, iii. 62: his
Julia, daughter of Augustus, educatio, O. 28.
adultery of, iii. 24; iv. 44: Julius Celsus, tribunus, vi. 14.
wife of Tiberius, vi. 51: her Julius Classicianus, procurator
death, i. 53. in Britain, xiv. 38.
Julia, daughter of Drusus, mar- | Julius Densus, equester, xiii.
ried Nero, son of Germanicus, | 10.
iii. 29: and Rubellius Blan
dus, vi. 27: her death, xiii.
*: Florus, Trevir, iii. 40,
32, 43. Julius Indus, Trevir, iii. 42.
Julia, daughter of Germanicus, Julius Marinus, vi. 10.
birth of, ii. 54: married M. Julius Montanus, xiii. 25.
Vinicius, vi. 15. |
Julius Pelignus, procurator of
Julia gens, i. 8; ii. 41, 83; vi. Cappadocia, xii. 49.
 INDEX. 679

Julius Pollio, xiii. 15. vi. 3; xvi. 17 ; cf. O. 26 : ter

Julius Postumus, friemd of Au- i rified by his brother's death,
gustus, iv. 12. xv. 73.
Jutius Sacrovir, duus, iii. 40, Junius Lupus, a senator, xii. 42.
44; iv. 18, 19: his flight, iii. Junius, magus, ii. 28.
46; cf. H. iv. 57. Junius Marullus, consul-elect,
Julius Tugurinus, eques, xv. 50. xiv. 48.
Julius Vindez, xv.74; see H. Junius Otho, prtor, iii. 66.
Index. Junius Otho, tribunus plebis,
Julii, came from Alba, xi. 24 : vi. 47.
their family-busts (imagines), Jumius Rusticus, v. 4.
iii. 5 : tumulus, xvi. 6 : ex Junius Silanus, see Silanus.
tinction of family, H. i. 16. | Juno, worshipped by matrons,
Julus Antonius, see Amtonius. xv. 44: her temple and asylum
Juncus Vergilianus, senator, xi. (sanctuary) at Samos, iv. 14 :
35. }';
i. 86.
cella im the Capitol, H.
Junia familia, iii. 24, 69 ; xv.
35 ; H. iii. 38. Juppiter, Capitolinus, xv. 23 :
Junia, wife of C. Cassius and nservator, H. iii. 74: Cus
sister of M. Brutus, dies, iii. tos, ib. : Dis, H. iv. 83 : Libe
76. rator, xv. 64; xvi. 35 : Opti
Junia Calvina, sister of Silanus, mus Ma:cimus, H. iii. 72; iv.
xii. 4 : banished, xii. 8 : re 58 : Salaminius, iii. 62 : Stator,
stored, xiv. 12. xv. 41 : his omnipotence, H.
Janit, mother of Scribonianus, iv. 84 : Vindeae, xv. 74 : ex
xii. 52. pelled Saturn, v. 2 : his tem
Junia Silama, wife of C. Silius, ple, iv. 57 ; xiii. 24; H. iii.
xi. 12 : barren, xiii. 21 : di 72; iv. 54: Juppiter, Juno,
vorced through Messalina's and Minerva worshipped in
intrigues, xi. 12; xiii. 19 : same temple, H. iv. 53.
exiled, xiii. 22 : dies, xiv. Jurare, in acta principum, i.
12. 72; iv. 42; xiii. 11 : the Sena
Junia Torquata, iii. 69. tors deliver opinions om oath,
Junius, a senator, iv. 64. iv. 21 : oath by soldiers in
Junius Blaesus, legatus of Pan verba ducis, andby citizens in
nonia, i. 16, 18, 21 : uncle of verba principis, i. 7; xvi. 22.
Sejanus, iii. 85 : proconsul of Jus, belli, xii. 17: coloniae, xiv.
Africa, iii. 35 : continued in 27 : commercii, ii. 62 : consu
command (provincia proro lare, i. l : hast, xiii. 28 : ho
gatur), iii. 58 : gains insignia norum adipiscendorum, xiv.
riumphalia, iii. 72 : saluted 50 : Latii, givento foreigners,
mperator by legions, iii. 74 : xv. 32; H. iii. 55 : legationis,
th and rin f his house, | i. 39 : militum, xi. 33: huma
v. 7; vi. 40. nwm divinumque, iii. 70 : ma
Junius Blaesus, son, i. 19 : sent tur, xv. 19 : patrium, iv. 16 :
to Tiberius, i. 29: holds inde prtoris, ii. 56, 77 : procon
pendent command, iii. 74; see sulare, iii. 21 ; xiii. 21: sena
H. Index. torum, xi. 25: sententiae di
Junius Cilo, procurator of Pon cend, xiii. 49 : tribuniciae po
tus, xii. 21. testatis, i. 13 : tribunicium,
Junis Gallio, brother of Seneca, i. 2 : virgarum, i. 77 : prin
 680 INDEX,

gple-
8.
and advance of, iii. 25 nius, ii. 45 : help king of the
Cherusci, xi. 17 : theirbravery,
Jus-jurandum, in acta Csa G. 40.
7'um, xiii. 11 : sollemne, at be- ! Lanuvium, municipium, iii.
ginning of year, xvi. 22: per 48.
Csarum numen, i. 73. Laodicea, city of Syria, ii. 79;
Justitium (public mourning), i. iv. 55 : injured byearthquake,
16, 50; ii. 82; iii. 7. , xiv. 27.
Justus Catonius, centurio, i. 29. Largus Caecina, P., xi. 33.
Jugenales ludi, established by Ilarundae sacellum, xii. 24.
Nero, xiv. 15; xvi. 21; H. iii. Latini magistratus, xi. 24 : La
62: _Nero performs at them, tim feriae, iv. 36; vi. 11.
xv. 83. Latinius Latiaris, prtorius,
iv. 68 : plots against Titius
Sabinus, iv. 68 : his punish
IX. ment, vi. 4.
Latinius Pandus, proprtor of
Kings : of Germans, ii. 88; G. Moesia, ii. 66.
7, 11, 12, 42, 43, 44 :of Latium vetus, iv. 5 : Latii jus,
Asia, called socii and amici, xv. 32 : HI. iii. 55.
iv. 26: displayed publicly in Latona, gave birth to Diana, iii.
IRome as captives, xii. 38 : 61 : daughter of Coeus, xii.
crowned, ii. 56 : Rome asked 6l.
to appoint, ii. l, 2, 3; xi. 10, Laudatio, funcbris, iii. 5. 76 :
16; xii. 10, 14: appointed by iv. 12 ; xiii. 3, 17 ; xvi. 6 :
Rome over foreign nations, ii. pro I'ostris, v. 1, &c.
3, 68 ; xiv. 26; G. 42 : sancti, ILaureatae statu, iv. 23.
ii. 65: their children given as Laurus, (tlne triumphal bay)
hostages to Bome, ii, 1 ; xi. added to imperiai fasecs, xiii.
10; xii. 10. 1. for adornimg houses, xv.

Lectica (and sella), ii. 2, 29 ; xi.

L. 33; xiv. 4; xv. 57.
Lectisternia, xiv. 12; xv. 44.
Lacedamonii, send envoys to Legati, legionum, ii. 36 : made
Rome, iv. 43 : their policy to prtores designati, ii. 36 : le
tine conquered, xi. 24. gati provinciarum and leg.
Laco, Achus, vi. 18. proconsulum, sec notes on i.
Llia, Vestal Virgin, xv. 22. 74, 76 : prtorii, A. 7 : leg.
Laelius IBalbus, vi. 47 : im in consulares (= legati Csaris),
sulam deportatur, vi. 48. II. i. 52, 60 ; A. 7, 8 : legati
Lnas Vipsamius, xiii. 30. Caesaris on, 1, 74, 76.
lakes, Avernus, xv. 42 : Baia Legatio, libera, xii. 23; ofcitis,
nus, xiv. 4 : Fucinus, xii. 56 : xvi. 5.
Lucrinus, xiv. 5 : Velinus, i. Legions : these are distinguished
79 : of Campania, iii. 59; H. in Tacitus either by numbers
i. 23 : as receptacula for wa or by ccrtain titles, like ours
ters of Nile, ii. 61. for certain regim.ents, ** The
Lamia lius, iv. 13; vi. 27. Buffs,** * The Blues,*' * The
Langobardi, people of Germany, IDuke of Wellington's Owm,**
ii.45 : revlt and join Armi- ! The Household;'' the titles
 INDEX. 681

mot found im Tacitus aro taken Legio XV., Apollinaris, i. 23,

from inscriptions amd coins. 30; xv. 25, 26; H. v. l.
Legio I., Germanica, i. 3l, 37, Legio XV., Primigenia, H. i.
39, &c. ; see H. Index also for 41, &c.
the legions generally. Legio XVI., Gallica, i. 37; H.
Legio I., Italica, H. i. 59, &c. i. 55, &c.
Legio I., Adjutriae, or Classica, Legiones XVII., XVIII., XIX.,
Classiariorum, H. i. 6, &c. estroyed with Varus : see i.
Legio II., Augusta, i. 37, 70 ; 60. -

xiv. 37. Legio' XX., Valeria Victriae, i.

Aegjg II., Adjutriae,
c
H. iv. 68, 31, 37, 39, 42, 51, 64; xiv. 34,
37
Legio III., Augusta, ii. 52 : Legio XXI., Rapar, i. 31, 37,
Africae legionem, H. ii. 97 : 45, 51, 64; II. i. 61, &c.
legio in Africa, H. iv. 48. Legio XXII., Deiotariana, II.
Legio III., Gallica, xiii. 35, v. l.
adjecta eae Germania legio : Legio XXII., Primigenia, HI.
$ ch. 38; xiii. 40; xv. 6, {;8.
18, &c. ; see note on H. i.
Legio IV., Macedonica, HI. i. Legiones, eight on the Rhine
i8, &c. rontier, i. 3 : iv. 5: mutiny
Igje
ch
IV., Scythica, xv. 6, 7, of three legions in Pannoni,
i. 16 : mutiny of legions in
Io V., Alauda, xv. 6, 10, Germany, i. 31 : the legions of
26. Octavianus at Actium, i. 42 :
Legio V., Macedonica, i. 31, 45, of Varus, i. 6l ; ii. 25 : three
51, 64; iv. 73. in Spain, two in Africa, two
Legio VI., Ferrata, ii. 79, 81 ; in Egypt, four from Syria to
xiii. 38, 40 ; xv. 6, 26. Euphrates, two in Pannonia,
Legio VI., Victri, II. iii. 44, two in Moesia, two in Dalma
&c. tia, iv. 5.
Legio VII., Claudia or Clau Lentinus, see Terentius.
diama, H. ii. 85, &c. JLentulus, Cn., augur, iii. 59.
Iegio VII., first Galbiana, then Lentulus Gaetulicus, Cn., comes
Gemina, H. ii. 11, &c. to (on the staff of) Drusus in
Iegio VIII., Augusta, i. 23, 30. Germany, i. 27 : his opimion in
Legio IX., Hispana, iii. 9 , the Senate on Libo's case, ii.
%% e Pannonia in Urbem, 32: do. on Silanus, iii. 68 :
ein prsidio Africae duce falsely charged with majestas,
batur 3 iv. 23 ; xiv. 32, 38. iv. 29 : received triumphalia
Legio X., Fretensis, ii. 57 ; xiii. for victory ower Gaetuli, A. l. 5,
40 ; xv. 6. iv. 44 ; death, iv. 44.
Legio X., Gemina, H. ii. 58, &c. Lentulus Gaetulicus, Cn., consul
Ig? C.
XI., Claudia, II. ii. 11, clect, iv. 42: consul, iv. 46 :
commanded army of Germa
Legio XII., Fulminata r Kepav mia superior for ten years, vi.
vobpov, xv. 6, 7, 10, 26.
Legio XIII., Gemina, i. 37; ii. Lepida Aemilia, accused and
il ; H. ii. 11, &c. condemned for feigning child
Legio XIV., Gemina, i. 70; xiv. birth, iii. 22, 23. -

4, 87; H. i. 59, &c. Lepida Aemilia, married the

.
 INDEX. 683

wealth, xii. 53; xiv. 55: their braiding of her son Tiberius,
insolence to patroni, iii. 36; iv. 57 : supports in exile her
cf., xiii. 26: their numbers, granddaughter Julia, iv. 71 :
xiii. 27; see also Index to H. death, v. 1; character, v. 1.
Libo Drusus, accused, ii. 28, 30: Livia, wife of Drusus, ii., 43;
his suicide, ii. 31; cf. iv. 29, 31. iv. 40: sister of Germanicus,
JLibratores, ii. 20; xiii. 39. ii. 84: seduced by Sejanus, iv.
Libri : books burnt in Comitium 3: resolutions passed in con
and forum, iv. 35; xiv. 50; demnation of her busts and
A. 2: Sibylline books, i. 76;
xv. 44.
:
Vl. 2.
(damnatio memoriae),
Libya, ii. 60. Livineius Regulus, patronus of
I,icinius Gabolus, xiv. 12. (advocate for) Piso, iii. 11 :
Lictor : not assigned to Livia exhibits gladiators, xiv. 17.
Augusta, i. 14: Germanicus, Livius, T., historian, A. 10:
at Athens, attended by only called Pompeianus by Augus
one, ii. 53: two assigned to tus, iv. 34.
Agrippina, xiii. 2. Locusta, the famous poisoner,
Li'i, people of Germany, xii. #"; xiii. 15: see Juvenal,
29, 30; G. 43. 1. 7 l.
Ligur Varius, see Varius. Locusts, plague of, xv. 5.
Liguria, xvi. 15. Lollia Paulina, aims at mar
Limes, commenced by Tiberius, riage with Claudius, xii. 1 :
#.Germany, i. 50: limites, ii. ad mortem adigitur, xii. 22 :
tomb erected to, xiv. 12.
Limnatis Diana, iv. 43. Lolliana clades, i. 10.
Linus, O. 12 : of Thebes, in Lollius Paulinus, M., rector to
vented letters, xi. 14. C. Caesar, iii. 48 : grandfather
Liris, river, xii. 56. of Lollia Paulina, xii. 1.
Livia familia, vi. 51. London, xiv. 33.
Livia, wife of Augustus, i. 3: Longinus, see Pompeius.
her intrigues against his Longobardi, see Langob.
grandsons, i. 3: conceals death Lot, provinces assigned by, iii.
of Augustus, i. 5: adopted into 32, 58, 71; iv. 27, &c.
gens Julia, i. 8: rei publicae Lucania, xi. 24. -

gravis, i. 10: adulation of Se Lucanus Annaeus, son of Mela,

nate to, i. 14: enmity to Agrip the poet, xv. 49; xvi. 17; O.
pina, i. 33; ii. 43; iv. 12: 20: denounces his mother as
takes name of Augusta, i. 8: conspirator against Nero, xv.
her friendship for Urgulania, 56, 57 : is put to death, xv. 70.
ii. 34; iv. 22 : protects Plan Lucar, decree on the, i. 77.
cina, iii. 15, 17: accompanies Lucilius Capito, procurator of
Augustus into provinces, iii. Asia, iv. 15.
34: her ill-health, iii. 64: i", centurion, killed, i.
dedicates effigies to Augustus,
iii. 64: vota for her state of Lucilius Longus, friend of Ti
health, iii. 71: her great age, berius, iv. 15.
iv. 8: her seat in the theatre
amongst the Vestal Virgins,
#" Varius, consularis, xiii.
iv. 16: temple to her by Asia Lucretius Spurius, vi. 11.
and Spain, iv. 37: her up Lucrinus lacus, xiv. 5.
 684; INDEX.

Luculliani horti, at Ilome, xi. xi. 25; xii. 4: secundum, xvi.

1, 32, 37.
Lucullus, iv. 36; vi. 50; xi. 1 ; Lorius Priscus, C., eques, iii.
xii. 62; xiii. 34; xv. 14, 27; 49, 50 : killed in prison, iii.
O. 37. 51.
Lucus (sacred grove), of Badu Luzury, growth of, iii. 53; xvi.
henna, iv. 73: of Diana, xii. 3
8 : Ortygia, iii. 6l. I$ia, ii. 79 ; xiii. 33: Lyeium
Ludi, Actiaci, Antiatini, xv. 23 : mare, ii. 60.
Cstici (a corrupt word), xvi. Ijgurgus,
iii. 26.
Spartam legislator,
21 : Augustales, i. 15, 54 :
Circenses, ii. 83; xi. 11 ; xv. Igdia, iii. 61 : its riches, iv.
53, 74 : Juvenales, xiv. 15 ; 55
xv. 33 ; xvi. 21; H. iii. 62 : Ijus, eunuch, iv. 8, 10, 11.
Magni, iii. 64 : Megalenses,
iii. 6 : sacri, xiv. 21 : secu
lares, xi. ll : in early times M.
the spectators stood at, xiv.
20 : their origin, growth, &c.,
xiv. 21 : ludi procurator, xi. Macedones, ii. 55; iii. 61 ; iv.
85; xiii. 22 : a cohort present 55 ; vi. 28, 31.
Macedones IIyrcani, ii. 47.
at, to keep order, i. 77 ; xiii.
24, 25 : sacerdotes had charge Macedonia, relieved from pro
of, iii. 64. consulare imperium, i. 76 :
Ludicr artes (stage-plays), ho annexed to Moesia, i. 80.
nourable in Greece, O. 10 : Macedonianum senatus-consul
unknown in Germany, xiii. 54 : tum, xi. 18, note on lege lata.
provincial governors forbiddem Macer, see Pompeius.
to exhibit, xiii. 81 : ludicrum Macrima Pompeia, vi. 18.
quinquennale, xiv. 20 : xvi. Macro, prfectus of prtorian
2 : Oscum, iv. 14 : Troj, xi. guard, vi. 15, 23 : treads in
11 : Juvenalium, xvi. 21 ; II. steps of Sejanus, but more
iii. 62 : Circensium, xii. 41 ; cautiously, vi. 29 : his influ
xv. 74 : Circense, xv. 23, 44. ence, vi. 29 (odium validum
Lugdunum, iii. 4l : disastrous ad eaeitia), and ch. 45 : accused
fire at, xvi. 13. by Trio, vi. 38 : enmity to
Luna, temple of, xv. 41. Arruntius, vi. 47 : put down
Lupanaria, xiii. 25; xv. 37. Sejanus, vi. 48 : smothers Ti
Lupia, river, i. 60; ii. 7. berius, vi. 50.
lupus, see Cornelius, Curtius, Maecenas Cilmius, vi. 11 ; xiv.
Junius. 53 : his love of Bathyllus, i.
Lusitani, xiii. 46. 54 : rejection of honres, iii.
Lusius Geta, prfectus of pr 30 : put by Augustus in charge
torian guard, xi. 31, 33: de of Rome and Italy, vi. li :
prived of his office, xii. 42. his flourishes, rhetorical orna
Lusius Saturninus, xiii. 43. ments, O. 26 : his horti in
Lustrale certamen, xvi. 4. PRome, xv. 39.
Lustratio, Urbis, xiii. 24 : of Moenades, their dress and frantic
; new army, xv. 26; II. iv. rites, xi. 3l.
Magi, ii. 27, 32; vi. 29; xii. 22;
Lustrum, a Claudio conditum, xvi. 30.
 INDEX. 685

agi; defixiones et devotiones, Marcia, see Martia.

ll. 6. Marcius Numa, prfectus urbi
Magistratus, ofCalabria, Apulia, under Tullus Hostilius, vi. 11.
Campania, iii. 2 : attended Marcius Philippus, iii. 72; see
funeral-rites of members of Class. IDict., Philippus, III.
imperial house without their Family of the Marcii Phi
insignia, iii. 4: could not be lippi, 3.
arraigned while in office, xiii. Marcomani, people of Germany,
44 : their auspicia, iii. 59 ii. 46, 62; G. 42, 43.
(note): senators kept in cus IMardi, xiv. 23.
tody at houses of, vi. 3. Mare rubrum (i.e. Imdicum), ii.
IMagius Ccilianus, prtor, iii. 61; xiv. 25 : Aegaeum, v. 10;
37. xv. 7l : Amyclanum, iv. 59 :
lMagna ara, xv. 41 : Magni ludi, JBithynum et Lycium, ii. 60 :
iii. 64. IDalmaticum, iii. 9: Hadria
Magnetes, ii. 47; iii. 62; iv. 55. ticum et Ionium, ii. 53 : Ha
Majestas, crimen of, iii. 38, 70: driae, xv. 34 : Oceanus, i. 9:
qustio of, iv. 29: leae majes Ponticum, xiii. 39.
tatis, i. 72; ii. 50 ; iii. 22; iv. IMarinus, see Julius.
34 ; xiv. 48 : charge of ma Mariti judicium in uxorem, ii.
jestas tacked on to all other 50 ; xiii. 32.
charges, iii. 38. Marius, C., i. 9; H. ii. 38 : con
Majorum more animadversio, quered Cimbri, G. 37.
capital punishment, ii. 32 ; iv. Marius Celsus, legionis legatus,
80 : xiv. 48; xvi. ll. xv. 25; see H. Index.
IMallovendus, leader of the Mar Marius Nepos, expelled Senate,
si, ii. 25. ii. 48.
Maloriae, leader of the Frisii, Marius, Seae., iv. 86 : a Spa
xiii. 54. niard so named charged witb
Mamercus, see Aemilius, Scau incest and thrown from the
rus. Tarpeian rocl;, vi. 19.
JMancia, see Curtilius. Maroboduus, king of Suevi, ii.
,
ll. -
adulterer with Varilia, 26 : his unpopularity, ii. 44:
defeated by Arminius, ii. 46:
Manlius Valens, legatus legionis his downfall, ii. 62, 63, 88; iii.
; Britain, xii. 40 ; cf. H. i. 11 ; kept prisoner at lavenna,
ii. 63; cf. G. 42.
$ignission, two kinds of, xiii. Marriage, between uncle and
niece, xii. 7 : ceremonies at,
Mapalia, iii. 74; iv. 25. xi. 26, 27; xii. 5 ; xv. 37.
Marcellus, nephew of Augustus, lIars, god of the Chatti, xiii.
i. 3 : rival of Tiberius, vi. 5l : 57 : Ultor, ii. 64; iii. 18; xiii.
his early death, ii. 41 : des 8 : Martis Campus, at Ikome,
tined by Augustus as his suc i. 8; xv. 89 :
cessor, HI. i. 15 : Marcelli of Csars, i. 8; iii. 4; xiii.
;atrum,
4.
iii. 64 : statue, i. 17 : amphitheatrum of Nero,
xiii. 31 : comitia, i. 15.
lig;;ilus Cornelius, xvi. 8;
1. 3.
H. Marsi, i. 50, 56; ii. 25; G. 2;
cf. H. iii. 59.
Marcellus Gramius, i. 74 ; see | Martia aqua, xiv. 22.
- -

Aeserminus, Asinius, Eprius. ilfartia, wife of Maximus, i. 5.

.686 INDEX.

Martialis Cornelius, xv. 71; cf. ' to him by Claudius, xii. 11 :

H. iii. 70, 73. 1. escorted to Euphrates, taken
Martina, poisoner, ii. 74: her prisoner by Gotarzes and ears
sudden death, iii. 7. cut off, xii. 14.
AMartius Festus, xv. 50. Mela, see Annaeus Mela.
Martius, P., mathematicus, put Melitene, xv. 26.
to death, ii. 32. Memmius Pollio, consul-elect,
Marullus, see Junius. xii. 9.
JMarus, river, ii. 63. Memmius Regulus, consul-suf
Massilia, place of learning, iv. fectus, v. 11; xii. 22: death,
44; A. 4. xiv. 47.
Massilienses, iv. 43; xiii. 47. AMemnon, stone statue of, ii. 61.
IMater Deum, iv. 64. Menelaus, ii. 60.
lfaterna bona, restored to sons
of condemned criminals, iii. 1.
*''',praefectus castrorum,
68; xiii. 43. AMensae sacra, ii. 65; xiii. 17;
AMathematici, see Chaldaei. xv. 52: mensae numulariorum
Matius, C., eques, friend ofCaesar, (bankers), vi. 17.
xii. 60. Merchandise, despised by Ro
JMatrimonium, with a brothers mans, iv. 12.
daughter, unheard of, xii. 5: Mercurius, worshipped by Ger
legalised by Senatus-consul mans, xiii. 57; G. 9.
tum, xii. 7. Merula Apidius, see Apidius.
JMatronae, worship Juno, xv. 44. Merula Cornelius, flamen Dialis,
Mattiaci, people of Germany, xi. iii. 58.
20; G. 29. Mesopotamia, why so called, vi.
Mattiacum, or Mattium, town 36, 37, 44; xii. 12.
of the Chatti, i. 56. Messala Corvinus, praefectus
*::tania
S.
duae, H. i. 11; ii. Urbi, iii. 34; vi. 11; xi. 6, 7 :
orator, iv. 34; xiii. 34; O. 12,
IMauri, aid Tacfarinus, iv. 23; 17, 20; cf. O. 18.
cf. ii. 52; iv. 3, 24; xiv. 28. Messala Valerius, i. 8.
Maximilla, see Egnatia. Messala Valerius, consul, iii. 2:
Maximus, see Caesonius, Fabius, another, xiii. 34.
Sanquinius, Scaurus, Trebel Messala Volesus, iii.68.
lius. Messalina, wife of Claudius,
IMaximus Pontifex, xi. 32. xi. 1, 2: her lust, xii. 7; cf.
Mazippa, chief of the Mauri, Juvenal, vi. 616 sqq.; mail
ii. 52. passion for Silius, xi. 12; xiii.
JMedea, vi. 34; O. 3: poem of 19; cf. Juvenal, x. 330 sqq.:
Ovid, O. 12. adulterorum facilitate fas
Medi, ii. 4, 56, 60; vi. 34; xiii. tidit, xi. 26: marries Silius,
41; xv.2; H. v. 8. xi. 26: accused to Claudius,
Medici (physicians), their posi xi. 30: performs as Bacchante
tion with the emperors, vi. 50; at a vintage-scene got up by
xii. 61, 67. her, xi. 31 : put to death, xi.
IMegalesia, iii. 6. 38 : Narcissus had her con
JMegistanes Armenii, xv. 27. demned, xii. 65.
JMeherdates, son of Phraates, xi. Messalina Statilia, see Statilia.
10: invited to be king of Par Messalinus Cotta, see Cotta, and
thia, xi, 10; xii. 10; advice Valerius.
 INDEX. 687

Messenii, people, iv. 43. Months, names of, changed, xv.

IMetellus, L., iii. 71. 74; xvi. 12.
Miletus, ii. 54: Milesii, iii. 63; AMoon, eclipse of, i. 28.
#5. 43 : worshipped Apollo, iv. Mors : when choice of death
was permitted to condemned,
Milichus, freedman of Scaevi their goods were not confis
nus, xv. 54: discovers con cated (manebant testamenta)
spiracy to Nero, xv. 55, 59: and they received funeral ho
rewarded, xv. 71. nours, vi. 29.
JMilvius pons, see Mulvius. Mortui : bodies of the dead
Minerva, her temple, xiii. 24: burnt, xvi. 6: lay in state,
statue, xiv. 12; see Juppiter. iii. 5: embalmed, xvi. 6: pro
Minos, lawgiver of Crete, iii. 26. perty of intestate persons con
IMinucius Thermus, vi. 7. fiscated, ii. 48: ninth-day fes
Misenensis classis, iv. 5; xiv. tival in honour of, vi. 5.
3, 62; xv. 51. IMos or mores, majorum, iii. 28:
Misenum, iv. 5; vi. 50; xiv. 4; punishment more majorum,
xv. 46. ii. 32; iv. 30; xiv. 48; xvi.
Missio (from army), honesta, 11.
H. ii. 67: ignominiosa, H. iii. Mosa, river, ii. 6; xi. 20.
57 : festinata, i. 19, 26, 40, Mosella, river, Vetus undertakes
52. work of connecting with Ara
JMithridates, iii. 62, 73: Athe ris, xiii. 53.
nians his allies against Sulla, Mosteni, ii. 47.
ii. 55: slaughter of Romans Mourning, putting-off, ii. 75:
in Asia by his order, iv. 14, at public mourning the plebs
36. wore black, iii. 2; cf. ii. 82;
JMithridates Bosporanus, xii. xiii. 32.
15: proles magni Achaemenis, Mulvius pons, at Rome, xiii. 47.
xii. 18 : surrendered and sent Mummitts, L., imperator, iv.
to Rome, xii. 1821. 43 : first exhibited Greek
JMithridates Iberus, vi. 32: be games, xiv. 21.
comes master of Armenia, vi. Munatia Plancina, see Plan
33; xi. 9 : returns to his king cina.
dom, xi. 8 : driven out by JMunatius Gratus, eques, xv. 50.
Rhadamistus, xii. 44, 45 : Munatius Plancus, i. 39.
killed, xii. 47. liunicipia and coloniae, these
IMnester, histrio, lover of Pop words confounded, xiv. 27.
paea's, xi. 4: killed, xi. 36. Musa AEmilia, ii. 48.
AMnester, libertus of Agrippina, IMushrooms, Claudius poisoned
xiv. 9. by medicated, xii. 67.
Maesia, i. 80; ii. 66; iv. 5, 47; Musonius Rufus, philosophus,
vi. 29. xiv. 59; cf. H. iii. 81; iv. 10;
Mona, island of, xiv. 29, 30: A. instructed young nobles, xv.
14, 18. 71 : reus, H. iv. 40.
Moneses, a Parthian noble, xv. AMusulamii, people of Africa, ii.
2, 4. 52: chiefs beheaded, iv. 24.
Monobazus, king of Adiabeni, Mutilia Prisca, friend of Au
xv. 1, 14. - . gusta, iv. 12.
Montanus, see Curtius, Julius, IMutilus, see Papius.
- -

Traulus, Wotienus, Myrina, town, ii, 47,

 688
Mytilenae, vi. 18; xiv. 53: rhe Aero Domitius, L., (Em
torical schools there, O. 15.
N.
Nabataei, king of, ii. 57.
JNames : the nomen put after
the cognomen, iii. 75: name
of maternal grandfather taken,
xiii. 45: removal of name
and busts of the condemned,
xi. 38; cf. H. iii. 31 : name of
condemned erased from Fasti,
iii. 17: of consuls put upon
public and private memorials,
iii. 57.
Nar, river, i. 79; iii. 9.
INarbonensis Gaitia, see Gallia.
AWarcissus, freedman of Claudius.
xi.29 : accuses Messalina, xi.
30: rides along with Claudius,
xi. 33: interrupts Messalinas
defence, xi. 34: hastens her
death, xi. 37: receives the
quaestoria insignia, xi. 38 :
supports with Claudius claims
of AElia Paetina, xii. 1 : ac
cuses and accused by Agrip
pina, xii. 57 : his remarks
against her, xii. 65 : death,
xiii. 1.
JNarnia, iii. 9.
JNasica, see Caesius.
JNaso, see Valerius.
JVatalis, see Antonius.
JWatta, see Pinnarius.
Nauportum, i. 20.
JNavicularii, xii. 55.
Naxus, island of, as place of
exile, xvi. 9. - nate, H. iv. 42: his extra
INeapolis, city of, xiv. 10; xv.
33; xvi. 10.
INebrides (fawn-skins), dress of
Bacchantes, xi. 31.
INegotiatores, ii. 82, 87.
Nemetes, people of Germany,
xii. 27; G. 28.
Nepos, see Flavius and Marius.
.N.# us, asylum (sanctuary) of,
lll. *
INDEX.
Nero), adopted by Claudius
and received cognomen of
AWero, xi. 11 : sole survivor of
the family of the Caesars, xiii.
17: preferred to Claudius' own
son, xii. 25: Octavia, daughter
of Claudius, betrothed to him,
xii. 9; assumes toga virilis
before legal age, xii. 41 (note):
vested with proconsulare im
perium extra urbem and styled
princeps juventutis, xii. 41 :
consul second time, xiii. 31:
consul third time, xiii. 34:
consul fourth time, xiv. 20:
marries Octavia, xii. 58:
pleads cause of Ilienses and
Ponomienses, xii. 58: declared
*mperator, xii. 69; xiii. 41 :
poenas caedesque jussit, mon
spectavit, A. 45: he was the
first emperor who spoke with
borrowed eloquence, xiii. 3 :
pronounced funeral-eulogy of
Claudius, xiii. 3: his accom
plishments and tastes, xiii. 3;
xiv. 16: declines statues in
his honour, xiii. 10: his pas
sion for the freedwoman Acte,
xiii. 12: aversibn for his wife
Octavia, xiii. 12: divorces her,
xiv. 60: recalls her, xiv. 60:
orders her execution, xiv. 64:
performs in theatricals at Rome
and in Greece, xiv. 15, 16:
has Britannicus poisoned, xiii.
16: plots to kill his mother,
xiv. 3: orders her execution,
xiv. 7: his mot about the Se
vagant plans in engineering
works, &c. (cupitor incredi
bilium), xv. 42: goes to Na
ples, xiv. 10: returns to Rome,
xiv. 13: establishes the Ju
venales ludi and quinquennale
ludicrum, xiv. 15, 20 : his
shameful conduct, xiv. 11, 15:
love of charioteering and mu
sic, xiv. 14; xv. 44; xvi. 4:
 INDEX. 689

performs on public stage, xvi. Mero Tiberius, i. 5; G. 37; see

4: his palace, xv. 39, 42: his Tiberius.
comites, H. i. 23: increased *::", name of month, xvi.
taste for depraved associates,
xiv. 52: reply to Seneca, xiv. *:line,
43.
son of Suillius, xiii.
55: madly in love with Pop
spaea, xiii. 46: marries her, xiv. Nerva Cocceius, great jurist, iv.
G0; xv. 23: . . goes through 58: suicide of, vi. 26.
forms of marriage to Pytha Nerva Cocceius, praetor desig
goras, xv. 37: persecutes natus, xv. 72.
Christians, xv. 44: conspiracy
against him, xv. 48: temple | Nicephorium, town of, vi. 41.
Nicephorius, river in Armenia,
to divus Nero proposed by xv. 4.
Cerialis Anicius, xv. 74: killsNicopolis, city in Achaia, ii. 53:
Poppaea by passionate kick, a Roman colonia, v. 10.
xvi. 6: eulogy on her, xvi. 6 : Niger, see Brutidius, Veianus.
his extravagant presents, H.
i. 20: flight from Rome, H.
*:
river, its overflow, ii. 60,
iii.68: his sectiones, H. i. 90: Ninos, city of Assyria, xii. 13.
a poetaster, xiii. 3.; xiv. 16; Misibis, town of, xv. 5.
xv. 49 : his so-called vox ca' Nola, city of, i. 5, 9; iv. 57.
lestis and sacrifice offered to Nonius, Ch., eques, xi. 22.
it, xvi. 22: his amphitheatre Noricum, ii. 63.
in campus Martis, xiii. 31: Novendialis coena feralis, vi. 5.
compels cquites and senators Novius Priscus, xv. 71.
to act as mimi, perform in the *:ria,
colonia, xiii. 31; xiv.
arena, &c., xiv. 14 sq.; cf. H.
ii. 62, 71; iii. 62 : also ladies Muma, king, religione populum
of rank, xiv. 15: Vitellius of devinxit, iii. 26: the Numae
fered inferia to him, H. ii. regia at Rome, xv. 41.
95 : his intended war on the AVuma Marcius, made praefectus
Albani, H. i. 6: ruled four turbi by Tullus Hostilius, vi.
teen years, O. 17: his ima
ines replaced, II. i. 78 : under INumantina, wife of Silvanus,
im inertia was sapientia, A. iv. 22.
6; see Juvenal, viii. 198, and Numantina clades, xv. 13.
212230. INumicius Thermus, xvi. 20.
Aero, father of Tiberius, i. 10; Numidae, people of Africa, ii.
vi. 51. 52 ; iii. 21 : unable to en
Nero, son of Germanicus, ii. 43; counter Roman infantry, iv.
iv. 4: commended by Tibe 24: their kings, xvi. 1; cf.
rius, to loyalty of Senate, iii. iv. 25.
29; iv. 8: marries Julia,daugh Numularii (money-changers,
ter of Drusus, iii. 29: delivers money-brokers), vi. 17.
speech of thanks in Senate, Muptiales faces, xv. 37: tabulae,
iv. 15: prayed for by ponti xi. 30.
fices and sacerdotes, iv. 17: Mymphidius Sabinus, xv. 72;
Sejanus assails him, iv. 59, 67: cf. H. i. 5, 25, 37.
accused by Tiberius to Senate,
v. 3: his bust carried by the
people, v. 4. -

Yy
690 INDEX.
0.
Obaritus, centurio, xiv. 8.
Obeliscus of Rhamses, ii. 60.
Obultronius Sabinus, arrarii
quaestor (commissioner of trea
#): xiii. 28: killed in Spain,
H. i. 37.
o: Vestal
ll. 86.
Virgin, death of,
-
Oceanus, the mare septentrio
male, G. 1 : its high tides at
the equinoxes, i. 70: , more
stormy than other seas, ii. 24:
Britannicus, A. 10: exterior,
G. 17 : victus, A. 25; cf. A.
10 : portentous appearances
in, xiv. 32.
Octavia, daughter of Claudius,
xi. 32; xii. 2, 68 : betrothed
to L. Silanus, xii. 3: then to
Domitius, afterwards emperor
Nero, xii. 9; marries him, xii.
58: his dislike to her, xiii. 12:
is divorced, xiv. 60: recalled,
xiv. 60 : banished, xiv. 63:
killed, xiv. 64; cf. xii. 68;
xiii. 16; H. i. 13.
Octavia, sister of Augustus, iv.
44, 75.
Octavia, tomb of, iv. 44.
Octavius, father of Augustus,
i. 9.
Octavius Fronto, ex-praetor, ii.
33.
Octavius Sagitta, tribunus plebis,
kills Pontia and is condemned,
xiii. 44; see esp. H. iv. 44.
o:
8.
people of Thrace, iii. Ordovices, people of Britain, xii.
Olennius, primipilaris, iv. 72.
Olitorium forum, ii. 49.
Ollius, T., father of Poppaea, Orfitus Pactius, xiii. 36.
xiii. 45. Oriens motus (disturbances in
Opera theatrales, i. 16 (note on
section 4).
Oppia leges, iii. 34.
Oppius, C., xii. 60.
Opsius, M., ex-praetor, iv.68, 71.
Oraculum, ii. 54: Apollinis, iii.
# : Clarii, ii. 54: Phrizi, vi.
Oratio, Agrippinae, xiii. 14, 21:
Agrippinae (the elder), iv. 52:
Arminii, i. 59; ii. 15, 45 :
Arruntii, vi., 48: Aviti, xiii.
56: Blaesi, i. 19: Boiocali,
xiii. 55: Boudiceae, xiv. 35:
Caecina. Severi, i. 67; iii. 33:
Capitonis, xvi. 22: Caractaci,
xii. 34, 37: Cassii, C., xiv. 43:
Cestii, iii. 36: Claudii, xi. 15,
24; xii. 11,61 : Cheruscorum,
xi. 16: Corbulonis, xv. 12, 26:
IDrusi, i. 29 : Germanici, i.
42; ii. 14, 71: Hortali, ii. 37:
Lepidi, M., iii. 50: Neronis,
xiii. 4; xiv. 55; xv. 36; xvi.
7 : Paeti Thraseae, xv. 20 :
segestis, i. 58: Sejani, iv. 17:
Senecae, xiv. 53; xv. 61 : Silii,
xi. 6, 26: Tiberii, ii. 38; iii.
12, 69; iv. 16, 37, 40: Tigel
lini, xiv. 57: Vitellii, xii. 5,
6: Vologesis, xv. 2: orationes
of the emperors read in the
ate by their quaestores, xvi.
Orbitas (childless persons) court
ed, xiii. 42; xiv. 40: influ
ence of, xiii. 52; xv.19; H.
i. 73: no advantage in Ger
many, G. 20.
Orchestra, the seat of senators,
assigned as seat of honour to
envoys from Roman allies,
xiii. 54.
Ordo (i.e. Senate) of Puteolani,
xiii. 48.
33: destroyed, A. 18.
Orfitus, Corn, consul, xii. 41;
xvi. 12.
the East), ii. 1, 43: the Par
thians held chief power in
East, vi. 34.
o:de,
vi. 3
Parthian general,
 INDEX. 691

o: son of Parthian king, vi.

* e
xv. 10: attacked by Parthians,
xv. 11 : neglects his duties,
Ortygia, grove in which Diana xv. 11 : seeks conference with
was born, iii. 61. Parthian king, xv. 14: re
Oscum ludicrum, iv. 14. ceives terms from Parthians,
Osiris, Egyptian god, H. iv. 84. xv. 14: has conference with
Ostia, ii. 40; xi. 26, 29, 31, 32; Corbulo, xv. 17 : winters in
xv. 39, 42,43; xvi. 9. Cappadocia, xv. 17: chaffed
Ostorius Salinus, eques, xvi. 23: by Nero, xv. 25.
accused. Barea Soranus, xvi. Paetus Thrasea, see Thrasea.
30: presented with quaestoria Jagida, river of Numidia, iii. 20.
insignia, xvi. 33. Palamedes, invented letters, xi.
Ostorius Scapula, M., son of 14.
below, xii. 31 : called as wit Ralatinus mons, xii, 24; xv. 38.
ness on trial, xiv. 48: gained Palatium, i. 13; ii. 34, 37, 40;
corona civica (servati civis xv. 39.
decus), xii. 31; xvi. 15: ac Pallas, freedman of Claudius,
cused to Nero, xvi. 14: put to xi. 29, 38 : influence with
death, xvi. 15. Claudius, xi. 29: praises Agrip
Ostorius Scapula, P., propraetor pina to him, xii. 1, 2: brings
of Britain, xii. 31 : victory about adoption of Domitius
there, xii. 35: distinguished (Nero) by Claudius, xii. 25:
general, A. 14 : reduces part presented with praetoria in
of Britain to a provincia, A. signia, xii. 53: lover of Agrip
14.: gains triumphi insignia, pinas, xii. 65; xiv. 2: re
xii. 38: death, xii. 39. moved by Nero from his offices,
Otho, friend of Nero, xiii. 12: xiii. 14 : accused, xiii. 23 :
marries Poppaea, xiii. 45: go his wealth, xii. 53 : influence,
vernor of Lusitania, xiii.46; xii. 25: pride, xiii. 2, 23 :
see H. bks. I., II., passim. killed, xiv. 65.
Otho, see Junius and Salvius. Pammenes, Chaldaeus, xvi. 14.
Ovatio, ii. 64; iii. 19; xiii. 32. Pamphylia, ii. 79; H. ii. 9.
Panda, river, xii. 16.
IPandateria, island of, as place
P. of exile, i. 53; xiv. 63.
Pandus Latinius, ii. 66.
Paconianus Sextius, see Sextius. Pannonia, iii. 9; xii. 29; xv.25:
JPaconius Agrippinus, xvi. 28, held by two legions, iv. 5:
3 often by three, i. 16: Pan
Paconius, M., legatus, iii. 67. *onii, xv. 10:... mutiny in le
Pacorus, king of the Medi, xv. gions there, i. 16, 31, 52,
other of Wologeses, xv. quelled, i. 30.
3 *** P:
17.
Vibius, consul, i. 10; O.
Pactius Orfitus, xiii. 36: primi
pili centurio, xiii. 36; xv. 12. Pantomimi, i. 54, 77: debarred
Pacuvius, legatus, ii. 79. from certamina sacra, xiv. 21.
Paetina AElia, xii. 1. Paphia Venus, temple of, iii. 62;

3.
accusator and sector, xiii. H. ii. 2.
Papia-Poppaea lex, iii. 25, 28.
Paetus Caesennius, Armeniae rec Papius Mutilus, ii. 32.
tor, xv. 6: his indecision, Parents, privileges of, iii. 28.
692 INDEX.

Paris, histrio, xiii. 19: accuses i. 46: patrum adulatio, i. 14;

Agrippina, xiii. 20: favourite H. iii. 37: factiones, iii. 27:
of Nero's, xiii. 22: declared studia, H. iv. 45: patrum con
to be ingenuus, xiii. 27. sultum, ii. 85; xi. 25; xiv.
IParrhaces, xii. 14. 60.
P:cide,
29.
punishment of, iv. Patricii, made anciently from
-
plebeian senators, xi. 25: in
Parthi, ii. 1, 2, 3, 4, 56, 57; vi. creased by Augustus, xi. 25.
34, 42: xv. 4; H. ii. 82; G. Patroni, see Advocati.
17: defeat Crassus and Anto Patuleius, eques, ii. 48.
nius, ii. 2: their equal skill in Pauli basilica, iii. 72.
pursuit and retreat, vi. 35 : Paulinus and Paulina, see Lol
fight with missile weapons, lius, Pompeius, Suetonius.
xv. 7: Parthian nobles at IPaulus Venetus, centurio, xv.
Rome, vi. 31: their cavalry, H. 50.
iv. 51: disturbances amongst Pazaea, wife of Pomponius La
them, ii. 1; xii. 44: internal beo, vi. 29.
quarrels, xi. 8: seek a king Pedanius Secundus, praefectus
from Tiberius, vi. 31 : and turbi, xiv. 42.
from Claudius, xii. 10: get up IPedarii, senators so called, iii.
war in Armenia, xii. 44: again 65.
invade Armenia, xiii. 6, 7 : Pedius Blaesus, expelled the Se
their pride, xiv. 26: allies of nate, xiv. 18; restored, H. i.
* **
Rome, H. iv. 51: not skilled
in sieges, xv. 4: acres hostes, Pedo, praefectus equitum, i. 60.
G. 37: wars betweenthem and Pelago, eunuch of Nero's, xiv.
Romans, xiii. 34, 37: kept off
by IIyrcanian war, xiv. 25 : Pelignus, see Julius.
their war with Antiochus, H. IPeloponnesus, so named from
v. 8: fresh disturbances about Pelops, iv. 55: its division
Armenia, xv. 1: their style of amongst descendants of Her
dress, G. 17 : cavalry their cules, iv. 43.
sole reliance in war, vi. 34: Penates, populi Romani, xv.41:
compel Roman general Paetus di, xi. 16.
to receive terms from them, Penetrales di Germaniae, ii. 10.
xv. 14: send envoys to Cor Percennius, miles gregarius,
bulo, xv.27: defeated by Wen (private soldier), i. 16, 28 :
tidius, H. v. 9. # up mutiny, i. 17: killed,
Jassienus, orator, vi. 20.
JPatavium, xvi. 21. Pergamena civitas, xvi. 23.
JPater et filius, consuls, iii. 31: Pergamum, iii. 63; iv. 37.
IPater Senatus, proposed title Perinthus, city of Thrace, ii. 54.
for Claudius, xi. 25 : surname Perorandijus (in trials), ii. 30.
of Pater patria, i. 72; xi. 25: Perperna, conquered Aristoni
patres conscripti, ii. 37; iii. cus, iii. 62.
54, &c. : patres (the Senate) Persae, iii. 61; vi. 31; H. v. 8:
censent, populus jubet, xii. merly
t)
subject to Egypt, ii.
41; II. ii. 10: patres majo
rum et minorum gentium, xi. Perseus or Perses taken prisoner,
25: pollebant, iv. 33: patres iv. 55; xii. 38, 62.
et plebs invalidi et inermes, | Persica Diana, iii. 62.
 693

Perusinum bellum, v. 1. ". oracle and ram of, vi.

JPervigilia, xv. 44; H. ii. 68.
Petilius Cerialis, see Cerialis. Picenum, iii. 9.
Jetilius Rufus, iv. 68. IPignus, pigmera capiunt a diles,
Petra, cognomentum of some xiii. 28.
equites Romani illustres, xi. IPinarius Natta, iv. 34.
Piraticum bellum, xii. 62; xv,
Jetronius C., killed, xvi. 17: 25; see Cicero pro lege Ma
called elegantiae arbiter, xvi. milia, ch. 11, 12, &c.
18: his life and character, xvi. IPiscinae Baianae, xiii. 21.
18, 19. Piso, C., conspires against Nero,
JPetronius P., iii.49; vi. 45. xiv. 65; xv. 48 sqq.: his fa
Petronius Priscus, xv. 71. mily and character, xv. 48 :
Jetronius Turpilianus, consul, put to death, xv. 59.
xiv. 29 : sent into Britain, xiv. Piso, Cn., son of below, iii. 16 :
39; A. 16: gains decus trium a part of his father's property
phale (triumphalia insignia), given to him, iii. 17: after his
xv. 72: killed by Galba, H. i. father's death called L. Piso,
6, 37. iii. 17; iv. 62 (L. Calpurnius).
Pharasmanes, king of the Iberi, Piso, Cn. Calpurnius, i. 13:
vi. 32: brother of Mithridates, freedom towards Tiberius, i.
vi. 32; xi. 8: intrigues against 74 : opinions in Senate, i. 79;
him, xii. 44, 45: ordered to ii. 35: made governor of Syria,
leave Armenia, xii. 48 : kills ii. 43 : called parens legio
his son Rhadamistus, xiii. mum, ii. 55,80: insolent treat
37. ment of Germanicus, ii. 55, 57:
IPharsalia, iv. 44; H. i. 50; ii. believed to have poisoned him,
38. ii. 69: joy at his death, ii. 75,
IPhiladelpheni, ii. 47. 78: seizes fort of Celenderis,
JPhilippi, battle of, iii. 76: plains ii. 80 : defeated by Sentius,
of, iv. 35. ii. 80: pays visit to Drusus,
Jhilippopolis, iii. 38. iii. 8: returns to Rome, is im
IPhilippus, Macedo, ii. 63; iii. peached, iii. 9, 10 : doubtful
38; iv. 43; O. 16. speech of Tiberius on his case,
Philippus (Marcius), iii. 72; see iii. 12: legatus of Tiberius,
Marcius Philippus. friend and colleague in consul
IPhilopator, king of Cilicians, ii. ship, iii. 12, 16: his effigies
42. dragged to the scalae Gemo
Phaebus, a libertus of Nero's, niae, iii. 14: suicide, iii. 15:
xvi. 5. expressions of senators against
Phoenices, invented letters and him, iii. 17: his codicilli ad
introduced them to Greece, xi. dressed to Tiberius, iii. 16:
14: to west of Judaea, H. v. his sons, iii. 16: bis wife, her
6. late punishment, vi. 26. -

Phaenix, fabled bird, vi. 28. Piso, L., consul-elect, xiii. 28:
IPhrahates, king of Parthia, ii. consul, xiii. 31 : made com
1: his son, vi. 31 : grandson, missioner of publica vectiga
xii. 10 : appointed king by lia, xv. 18; see H. iv. 38, 48
Tiberius, vi. 32: death, vi. 32. 50.
Phrahates, Parthian noble, vi. Piso, L., pontifex and praefectus
42, 43. Urbi, dies, vi. 10, 11.
694 INDEX.

Piso, L., prtor, assassinated in Poisom, Athenians used for con

Spain, iv. 45. demned criminals, xv. 64 :
Piso, L. Calpurnius, attacks the drunk by Anteius, xyi. 14:
accusatores (delatores), ii. 84 : Claudius poisoned, xii. 67 :
takes legal proceedings (injus Silanus, xiii. 1 : Britannicus,
vocat) against Urgulania, ii. xiii. 16 : Seneca, xv. 45 : Bou
84: defends Cn. Piso, iii. 11 : dicea, xiv. 37 ; see Locusta,
his opinion against Silanus, iii. Martina.
68 : is called Calpurnius Piso, Polemo, king of Pontus, ii. 56;
iv. 2l : accused of majestas, xiv. 26; H. 3, 47. -

iv. 2l : death, iv. 21. Pollio, see Annius, Asinius, C

Piso, M., son of Cn. Calpurnius lius, Domitius, Memmius, Ve
Piso, ii. 76, 78 ; iii. 16 : ac dius.
quitted by Tiberius of charge Pollio Julius, tribunus, xiii. 15.
of civil wr, iii. 17 : and igno Pollutia, daughter of L. Vetus,
miniae eremptus, iii. 18. put to death, xvi. 10, 11.
Pisonum nobilitas, iii. 17 : in Polyclitus, a libertus of Nero,
._ signe momen, H. iv. ll. xiv. 39; H. i. 37 ; ii. 95.
Pituanius, L., magus, thrown Pomerium Urbis, extended by
from Tarpeian rock, ii. 32. Claudius, xii. 23, 24.
Pius Aurelius, senator, i. 75. Pompeia Macrima, vi. 18.
Planasia, island of, as place of Pompeia Paulina, wife of Se
exile, i. 3, 5 : ii. 39. neca, xv. 60 : determines to
Plancina, wife of Cn. Piso, ii. die with husband, xv. 63 ;
43 : forward belhaviour, ii. 55, prevented by Nero, xv. 64.
58 : joy at death of Germa Pompeiani coloni, xiv. 17.
nicus, ii. 71, 74, 75 ; vi. 26 : Pompeii theatrum, vi. 45 : de
comes to Rome, iii. 9 : par stroyed by fire, and restored
doned through intercession of by Tiberius, iii. 72 : was first
Livia Augusta, iii. 15, 17 : ac permanent theatre in Rome,
cused, suicide, vi. 26. xiv. 20. .
Plancus, see Munatius. Pygpeii, town of Campania, xw.
Plautius, A., Britanni legatus,
xiii. 32; A. 14. .
Plautius Lateramus, a lover of
$peiopoiis,
city of Cilicia, ii.
Messalina's, xi. 30 : capital Pompeius lianus xiv. 41.
punishment remitted, xi. 36 : Pompeius, eques, $. l4.
restored to Senate, xiii. 11 : Pyeius acer, prtor, i.
conspires against Nero, xv. 49 :
put to death, xv. 60; see Ju Pompeius Magnus, Cn., i. 1 ;
venal, x. 17. vi. 18; xii. 62; xiii. 6, 34 :
Plautius Silvamus, iv. 22. praised by Livy, iv. 34 : Mario
Plautus, see Rubellius Plau et Sulla occultior, non melior,
tus. H. ii. 38 : conquered Juda,
Plebiscita, vi. 16; xi. 14. H. v. 9 : as orator, O. 87, 38,
Plinius, C., historiarum scrip 40: his imperium infinitum,
tor, i. 69; xiii. 20; xv. 53; in the bellum piraticum, xv.
H. iii. 28. 25 : first built a permanent
Poeni, ii. 49, 59 ; xv. 13; H. iv. theatre at Rome, iii. 72 ; xiii.
50; G. 37. 54; xiv. 20 : a descendnt of
Poenius Postumus, xiv. 37. his, H. i. 15.
 INDEX. 695
~.

Pompeius Paulinus, xiii. 53 ; 2, 4 : forced to suicide, xi. 2;

xv. 18. xiii. 43.
Pompeius, Seae., consul, i. 7 : de Poppaea Sabina, daughter of T.
climes to defend Piso, iii. ll : Ollius, xiii. 43, 45: wife of
accuses M. Lepidus, iii. 32. Rufus Crispinus, xv. 7l : mar
JPompeius, Seae., son of Pompeius ries Otho, xiii. 45 : strives to
Magnus, i. 2, 10 ; v. 1. captivate Nero, xiii. 46; cf. xv.
Pompeius, tribumus, xv. 71. 6l : requires him to marry her,
Pompeius Urbicus, xi. 35. xiv. l : marries him, xiv. 60 :
Pomponia Graecina, xiii. 32. has daughter by him, xv. 23 :
Pomponius Atticus, proavus of death, xvi. 6 : Iher body mot
Drusus, ii. 43. burnt, as usual, but embalined,
Pomponius Flaccus, L., ii. 32 : xvi. 6 : her statues thrown
consul, ii. 41 : governor of down by populace, xiv. 61 :
Moesia, ii. 66 : proprtor of set up again by Otho, H. i. 78 :
Syria, dies, vi. 27. divine honours decreed to her,
Pomponius Labeo, iv. 47 : go xvi. 2l : her beauty and cha
vermor of Moesia, iv. 47 ; vi. racter, xiii. 45.
29 : suicide, vi. 29. Poppaeus Sabimus, see Sabimus.
Pomponius, Q., brother of Se Porcius Cato, iv. 56, 68.
cundus, vi. 18 : engaged in Portenta, see Prodigia.
civil war, xiii. 43. Postumia Pontia, see Pontia.
I'omponius Secundus, accused, Postumius, dictator, ii. 49 : an
v. 8 : his honor triumphalis, other, iii. 71.
tragedies, and perils, vi. 18; Postumus, see Agrippa, Julius,
xi. 13; cf. xii. 27, 28; O. 13. Poenius.
Pomponius Silvamus, accusedand Potitus, see Valerius.
acquitted, xiii. 52. Prfectura, Urbis, iv. 36; vi.
IPomptimae paludes, xv. 42. I0, 11; cf. H. i. 14 ; ii. 55 :
JPons Mulvius, xiii. 47. praefectura castrorum, i. 20,
Pontes longi, i. 63. 23, 38; H. ii. 29: aerarii, xiii.
Pontia Postumia, killed by lower, 29 : annon, i. 7 ; xiii. 22 : in
xiii. 44; H. iv. 44. Armenia (satrapies), xi. 8 :
Ponticum mare, xiii. 39 ; G. 1 : pr. equitum, ii. 68 : prtorii
os, ii. 54: auzilia, xv. 6. (the Prtorian guards), i. 7,
Ponticus Valerius, xiv. 41. 24 : Sejanus increases power
Pontifer Marimus, xi. 32 : pon of the prfectus praetorii, iv.
tifices reproached by Tiberius, 2 : two prfecti prtorii, i.
iv. 17 : consulted in moclkery 24; xiv. 51.
by Augustus, i. 10: performed Prfectus, Urbis; seeH. Index,
IDialia sacra, iii. 58. esp. H. iv. 68 : pr. cohortis,
Pomtificatus, given to Csares, xii. 17 : remigum, xiii. 30.
i. 3; iii. 29; cf. H. ii. 91. Praegustatores, xii.66 ; xiii. 16.
Pontius Fregellanus, vi. 48. Prneste, town of, xv. 46.
Pontius Pilatus, xv. 44. Praeteaeta puerilis, i. 3 ; xii. 41 :
Pontus, xii. 63; xv. 10, 26; H. quiis insigne, ii. 14 ; H. iii.
ii. 6, 81 ; iii. 47 : procurator
of, xii. 2l: Roman fleet there, Prtor, for one day, xii. 4: sent
H. ii. 83. to examine defendant in law
Poppa Sabina, herbeauty, xiii. suit, ii. 34 : presided over the
45: hated by Messalina, xi. qustiones perpetu, xiv. 4l :
.
 INDEX. 697

Pseudo-Philippus, king of Ma gladiatores edunt, this liability

cedonia, xii. 62. removed, xiii. 5 : number of,
Ptolemaeus Philopator, childrem xi. 22.
of, ii. 67. Quaestores principis, had charge
I'tolemus, son of Juba, king of of the fiscus and read his ora
the Mauri, iv. 23 : gives help tiones in Senate, xvi. 27.
against Tacfarinas, iv. 24: toria insignia, xi. 88; xvi.
called reae, socius, amicus, by
lroman Senate, iv. 26. q;giae provinci, in Italy,
Publicani, their extortion, xiii. v. 2.
50 sq.; G. 29: societates, iv. Qustura, legal age for holding,
6 iii. 29.
Publicii, L. et M., ii. 49. Quattuordecim ordines (the four
, iii. 67. teen rovs of seats in thea
Pulvinaria, xv. 23 : supplica 5; for Equites), vi. 3 ; xv.
tiones at, xiv. 12.
Punishment : of adultery, ii. 50; Querquetulamus mons, iv. 65.
G. 19: ofladies who cohabited Quietus, see Cluvidienus.
with slaves, xii. 53: of freed Quinctianus, see Aframius.
men, xiii. 26 : of slawes, when Quinctilianus, tribunus plebis,
masters were murdered. xiii. vi. 12.
32 ; xiv. 42 : of praevaricatio, Quinctilius Varus, he and army
xi. 5; xiv. 4l : of accusatores destroyed, i. 8, 43, 55, 65, 71;
or delatores, iv. 36 ; vi. 9, 30. ii. 45 ; H. iv. 17; G. 37 : go
Puteolani, xiii. 48: receivefrom vernor of Syria, Hl. v. 9 : his
Nero jus coloniae and cogno lost standards, recovered by
mentum, xiv. 27. Germanicus, i. 60; ii. 25, 41.
Pyramids, in Egypt, ii. 61. offetiiius
6.
Varus, accused, iv.
Pyramus, river, ii. 68.
I'yrrhus, ii. 63, 88. Quindecimviri, iii. 64; vi. 12 :
Pythagoras, dissolute compa Quindecimvirale collegium et
nion of Nero, xv. 37. sacerdotium, xi. 11 ; xvi. 22 :
Pythiam Apollo, xii. 63. had charge of sacrifices, xi. ll.
Quinquagesim vectigal, xiii. 5l.
Quinquatrus, xiv. 4, 12.
Q. Quinquennale ludicrum, xiv. 20;
xvi. 2, 4.
Quadi, pedple of Germany, ii. Quintus Servaeus, see Servus.
63; G. 42, 43. - Quirinus, P. Sulpicius, ii. 30 :
Quadragesim vectigal, xiii. 51. dices et orbus, iii. 22, 23 : lnas
Quadratus, see Unmmidius and public funeral, iii. 48 : his
Seius. -
origin and offices held by,
Quadrigarum curriculum, xiv. iii. 48.
14 Quirites, Julius Csar called his
Qustores, aerarii (Treasury mutinous soldiers, i. 42.
commissioner s), xiii. 28 : qu.
consulis, xvi. 34 : urbani et
provinciales, iv. 27 : under R.
kings, xi. 22: qustores prin
cipis, xvi. 27 : their provinces, I'tia, province of, i. 44; see II.
xi. 2l ; A, 6: qust, designati Index.
698 INDEX.

Rationarium imperii, i. 11. 58: residence of Tiberius at

IRavenna, city of, i. 58; ii. 63; Rhodes, iv. 15; vi. 20, 21.
# 5, 29: fleet at, iv. 5; xiii. Rhodus, island of, i. 4, 53; vi. 10.
0. Rhaemetalces, king of Thrace, ii.
Reatini, and the Velinus lacus, 64.
i. 79. Rhaemetalces, nephew of above,
Regiones Roma XIV. (Rome ii. 67 : receives part of Thrace,
divided into fourteen Wards ii. 67; iii. 38; iv. 5: assists
or Districts), xiv. 12; xv. Romans, iv. 47.
40. Robur Tullianum, iv. 29.
Regulus, consul, v. 11 : accuses Rogatio Cincia, xv. 20: tribu
his colleague, v. 11 : escapes micia, vi. 16: rogationes Juliae,
when assailed himself, vi. 4. iii. 25: turbidae rogationes Le
Iregulus, see Livineius, Mem pidi, iii. 27: rog. Semproniae,
mius. xii. 60.
Relationem incipere, and rela Roma, at first governed by kings,
tionem egredi or excedere i. 1: Trojae filia, iv. 55: lus
(technical terms in debates of trata, xiii. 24; cf. H. i. 87:
Senate), ii. 33, 38; v. 4; xiii. twice burnt on same date,
26, 49; xv. 22. xv. 41 : by the Senomes (Gauls)
Itemmius, evocatus, ii. 68. xv. 41 (cf. H. iii. 72, 85; iv.
Repetundae pecuniae, i. 74 : re 54): divided into fourteen re
petundarum lex and charges giones (wards, districts), xiv.
of, iii. 38, 66, 70; iv.19; xi. 12; xv. 40: injured by fire,
6, 7; xiii. 33,43 : punishment xv. 39, 41; H. i. 2: rebuilt,
of, xiv. 28. xv. 43 : caput rerum, i. 47;
Rhadamistus, Iberus, xii. 44: cf. H. ii. 32: the narrow and
kills his relatives, xii. 47: be crooked streets of the old city,
comes master of Armenia, xii. xv. 38: fires under Tiberius,
45: expelled, xii. 50: recovers iv. 64; vi. 45: and under
it, xii. 50: flees, xii. 51: gives Nero, xv. 38 : pestilence at
up war, xiii. 6 : killed by his Rome, xvi. 13: temple in ho
father, xiii. 37. nour of Roma at Smyrna, iv.
Rhamses, his obelisk (in Egypt), 56: at Pergamus, iv. 37: the
and exploits, ii. 60. pomaerium extended, xii. 23,
Rhegini, i. 53. 24: condition of, under Tibe
Rhenus, river, ii. 6; G. 1: ter rius, iv. 4: temples dedicated
minus imperii Romani, G. 1, to Urbs Roma at Rome and
29; A. 15: its scanty waters, elsewhere, iv. 37,56: credulity
H. iv. 26: agger, xiii. 53 : of people, H. i. 19.
Rheni insula, G. 29: dwellers Romani, vetera extollunt, recen
on its banks, G. 28. tium incuriosi, ii. 88: of Tro
Rhescuporis, king of Thrace, ii. jan descent, xii. 58: beaten by
64: loads his brother Cotys Gauls, Tusci, and Samnites,
with chains, ii. 65 : orders his xi. 24: enemies of Parthians,
execution, ii. 66; iii. 38 : is xii. 44: their defeatin Britain,
taken towards Rome, ii. 67: xiv. 29 seq.
is'a in attempting escape, Romanus, accuser of Seneca,
ii. 67. xiv. 65.
Rhodanus, river, xiii. 53. Romanus Fabius, xvi. 17.
Rhodii, libertas restored to, xii. Romanus Hispo, i. 74.
 INDEX. 699

Romulius Denter, vi. 11. ; Sabinus Calavius, xv. 7.

IRomulus, iii. 26; iv. 9; vi. 11; Sabinus Calvisius, vi. 9; H. i.
xi. 24, 25; xii. 24; xv. 41 : 48.
his effigies, iv. 9: he and Re Sabinus Poppaeus, i. 80 : con
mus protected by the arbor tinued in government of Moesia
Ruminalis, xiii. 58. (provincia ei prorogatur), i.
I?oscia lex, de XIV. ordinibus 80: receives insignia triumphi,
(rows of seats), vi. 3; xv. 32. iv. 46 ; xiii. 45 : governor of
I'ostra, funeral orations at, iii. 5; Macedonia and Achaia, v. 10 :
iv. 12; v. 1 : Mithridates ex~ consularis, xiii. 45 : death of,
hibited at, xii. 21. vi. 39.
I'ostratae naves, iv. 5. Sabinus, see Nymphidius, Obul
Iubellius Blandus, iii. 23: his tronius, Ostorius, Titius.
sententia on Lutorius Priscus, Sabrina, river in Britain, xii. 81.
iii. 51 : marries Julia, daugh Sacerdos : one voted to Nero's
ter of Drusus, vi. 27 : pro daughter, xv. 23 : sacerdotes
gener ofTiberius, vi. 45. Augustales, i. 54; ii. 83 ; H.
I'ubellius Plautus, xiii. 19: his !
ii. 95 : in provinces, i. 10 :
celebre nomen, xiv. 22 : Nero'ssacerdotes had privilege of
jealousy of, xiv. 22, 57 : re riding to the Capitol in a car
tires t Asia, xiv. 22 : ac pemtum, xii. 42.
cused by Tigellinus to Nero, Sacerdotium, assigned as reward
xiv. 57 : putto death, xiv. 59 : to delatores, iii. 19 : jus sa
son-in-law of L. Vetus, xvi. 10: cerd. defined, iii. 64.
friendship with him damnosa Sacrovir, see Julius.
to his friends, xvi. 30; H. i. 14. Smia lex, xi. 25.
I?ubrius, eques, i. 73. Sagitta, see Octavius.
Rubrius Fabatus, vi. 14. Sagittariiequites, ii. 16: pedites,
Rufilla, see Ammia. ii. 16; xiii. 40.
Rufinus, see Vinicius. Salaminius Juppiter, iii. 62.
Saliare carmem, name of Ger
IRufius Crispinus, see Crispinus.
Rufus, see Aufidienus, Cadius, manicus sung in, ii. 83.
Curtius, Helvius, Musonius, Salienus Clemens, xv. 73.
Petilius, Sulpicius, Trebelli Sallustiani horti, xiii. 47.
enus, Verginius. sjstius, 0., the historian, iii.
Ruminalis arbor, in the Comi
tium, xiii. 58. Sallustius Crispus, confidant of
I'uso, see Abudius. Tiberius, i. 6 : captures the
Rusticus, see Arulenus, Fabius, pretended Agrippa Postumus,
Junius. ii. 40: dies, iii. 30.
IRutilius, P., accused by M. Salominus, see Asinius.
Scaurus, iii. 66 : made a civis Salvianus, see Calpurnius.
by the Smyrnans, iv. 43 : Salvius Otho, consul, xii. 52 :
wrote his life, A. l. $er of emperor Otho, H. ii.
Salus, temple of, xv. 53, 74 :
S. augurium Salutis, xii. 23.
Salutare, nomine, xii. 41: impe
Aabina Poppa, see Poppa. ~atorem, ii. 18; cf. H. ii. 80 :
Sabinorum sacra, i. 54: origo, salutantium scrutatores, xi.
xi. 24 : mobilitas, iv. 9. 22 : ctus, xiii. 18; xiv. 66.
.
702 INDEX,

Sentius, Cn., made governor of Sextius Africanus, xiii. 19; xiv.

Syria, ii. 74: sends the poi 46.
soner Martina in custody to sextius Paconianus, vi. 3, 4 :
Rome, ii. 74; iii. 7: repulses strangled in prison, vi. 39. ,
Piso's attack, ii. 79: forces Sibylla, several, vi. 12:... pro
him to surrender, ii. 81. phetic books of, i. 76; vi. 12;
Septemviri, iii. 64. v. 44: entrusted to Quin
septimius, centurio, i. 32. decemviri, xi. 11.
ASepultura; custom of Romans Sigambri, see Sugambri.
and of foreign kings, xvi. 6; Sicarii, law on, xiii. 44.
granted by enemies, i. 22 : Sicilia, iv. 13; vi. 12; xii. 23.
condemned criminals debarred siculum fretum, i. 53.
from burial, vi. 29 : accusation sido, xii. 29: king of the Suevi,
after burial, xvi. 11. xii. 30.
Sequani, people of Gaul, i. 34: signa, of cohorts, i. 18: signa
outbreak of, iii. 45. and aquilae held as deities by
Serapis, H. iv. 81, 84. the legions, army-chest depo
Serenus, see Annaeus, Vibius. sited and sacrifices offered at,
seriphos, island of, as place of i. 37: names of principes in
exile, ii. 85; iv. 21. scribed, and busts fixed on,
Sertorius, iii. 73 : had one eye, iv. 2: adorned with flowers
H. iv. 13. and anointed, in token of joy,
Servaeus, Q., made governor of and vice versa, i. 24; iii. 2:
Commagene, ii. 56 : accuses burnt by lightning, xii. 64:
Piso, iii. 13 : condemned, vi. 7. set up in principia (head
Servile war, in Italy, iv. 27. quarters) of Roman camp, i.
servilia, daughter of Soranus, 30: taken out of ground on
#. 30: forced to die, xvi. movement of camp, i. 20.
. signatores, of tabulae dotis, at
Serviliani horti, xv. 55. marriage, xi. 27.
servilius, an accusator, vi. 29: Signifer, i. 48; ii. 81; iii. 20,
banished, vi. 30. 45.
Servilius, M., ii. 48: consularis Silana, see Junia.
(an ex-consul), iii. 22. Silanus Creticus, see Creticus.
Servilius Nonianus, M., orator, Silanus, C. Junius, pro-consul
O. 23: consul, vi. 31 : death of Asia, iii. 66; iv. 15: ac
of, xiv. 19. cused, iii. 66, 67: sententiae
Servius Maluginensis, flamen against him, iii.68: banished,
Dialis, iii. 58: deprived of iii. 69.
allotted province, iii. 71 : death Silanus, D. Junius, lover of
of, iv. 16: his son, iv. 16. granddaughter of Augustus,
Servius Tullius, iii. 26; xv. 41; iii. 24 : recalled from exile,
H. iii. 72. iii. 24.
Sesostris, vi. 28. silanusJunius Torquatus, forced
Severus, architectus, xv. 42. to die, xv. 35 : uncle of L.
severus, see Alledius, Caecina, Silanus, xvi. 8.
Cassius, Curtius, Verulanus. Silanus, L. Junius, betrothed to
Sextia, mother-in-law of L. Ve Octavia, daughter of Claudius,
tus, killed, xvi. 10, 11. xii. 3 : compelled to resign
Sextia, wife of Scaurus Mamer praetorship, xii. 4: kills him
cus, vi. 29. self, xii. 8.
 INDEX. 703

Silanus, L. Junius, pupil of C. tinus, A. 17: their dyed faces

Cassius, xv. 52 : accused, xvi. and twisted locks, A. 11.
7: banished and killed, xvi. Simbruina stagna, xiv. 22.
9, 12. Simbruini colles, xi. 13.
silanus, M. Junius, consul, ii. Simonides, xi. 14.
59: distinguished by rank and Simulacrum, of Augustus, iii.
eloquence, iii. 24: adulation 63: of Apollo, xii. 22 : of
shewn by, iii. 57 : proconsul Juno, xv. 44: golden, of Mi
of Africa, and father-in-law of nerva, xiv. 12: bronze, of bull,
Caligula, who had him killed, xii. 24: of Victoria, fell down,
vi. 20; H. iv. 48; A. 4. xiv. 32: of the gods, xv. 29;
Silanus, M. Junius, proconsul of cf. i. 73; xv. 45: of moun
Asia, killed by Nero, xiii. 1, tains, rivers, and battles, car
33. ried in a triumph, ii. 41.
Silia, wife of a senator, banished, sindes, river, xi. 11.
xvi. 20. Sinnaces, Parthian, vi. 31, 32,
Silius, C., consul - designatus, 36, 37.
xi. 5, 6 : loved by Messalina, sinuessa, town of, xii. 66.
xi. 12, 31 : proposes marriage Sipylus, ii. 47.
to her, xi. 26: the ceremony Siraci, people, xii. 15, 16.
performed, xi. 27: they hold sirpicus, nickname of a centu
a sham vintage, xi. 31 : con rion, i. 23.
ceals his dread of the ven Sisenna, see Statilius.
geance of Claudius, xi. 32: slaves, as witnesses against mas
is killed, xi. 35: his wife, xiii. ters, ii. 28, 30: how set free,
19: his father, xi. 35. xiii. 27; xiv. 42 : could not,
Silius, C., legatus of Germania while slaves, be examined for
superior, i. 31 : superintends evidence against masters, ii.
construction of a fleet, ii. 6: 30: accusers of masters, xiii.
ordered against Chatti, ii. 7 : 10: assassinate masters, xiv.
his march, ii. 25: opposes the 42 : great number of slaves
Gauls, iii. 42: lays waste pagi kept by rich Romans, i. 23;
of the Sequani, iii. 45: gains iii. 14, 53; xii. 65; xiv. 43,44:
triumphalia insignia, i. 72; employed as secretaries, called
iv. 18 : accused by Sejanus, ab epistolis, libellis et ratio
iv. 18: his suicide, iv. 19: his nibus, xv. 35: slaves tortured,
effigies removed by Senatus ii. 30; iii. 14, 67; iv. 11, 29;
consultum, xi. 35: his wife, vi. 47 : excubiae of, before
iv. 19. doors of bed-chambers, xiv.
Silius Domitius, xv. 59. 44: ministeria and familiae of,
Silius Nerva, consul, iv. 68: an iii. 53; G. 25: nationes of, i.e.
other, xv. 48. slaves from various tribes, iii.
silva, Arduenna, iii. 42: Caesia, 53 : punishment of, when a
i. 50: one sacred to Hercules, master was assassinated, xiii.
ii. 12: groves in palace-grounds 32 ; xiv. 43 : freedom and
of Nero, xv. 42. money given to, by masters
Silvanus, tribunus, xv. 60; see before death, xv. 54; xvi. 11,
Granius, Plautius, Pompo 19: vernae, loved by masters,
nius. xiv. 44.
Silures, people of Britain, xii. Smyrna, by whom founded, iv.
32, 38, 40; subdued by Fron
704 INDEX.

Smyrnaei, dedicated temple to nors forbidden to exhibit, xiii.

Venus Stratonicensis, iii. 63: 31 : illecebrae of, G. 19: rows
their origin and services to of seats at, xiv. 13: of wild
Rome, iv. 43, 55, 56. beasts and gladiators, iii. 31.;
Sociale bellum, vi. 12. iv. 62; xi. 22; xii. 57; xiii.
Societates, of Roman cquites, iv. 31; xiv. 17; xv. 32.
6 : of vectigalia, xiii. 50. Spelun.ca, name of a villa
e64.
Augustales, i. 54; iii. (country-seat), iv. 59.
Spes, temple of, ii. 49.
sodales Titii, i. 54. spurius Lucretius, vi. 11.
ASofonius Tigellinus, xiv. 48: Stagnum, of warm water, xv.
prafectus of Praetorian guards, 64: of Agrippa, xv. 37: made
xiv. 51 : his influence with for sham sea-fight, xii. 56:
Nero, xiv. 57; xv. 50: ban lakes in Nero's gardens, xv.
quet given by, xv. 37: accuses 42.
Faenius Rufus, xv. 50: gains Staius, tribunus, iv. 27.
triumphalia insignia, xv. 72: Statilia Messalina, xv. 68.
a captator hereditatum (will Statilius Sisenna Taurus, consul,
hunter), xvi. 17, 19: his vile ii. 1: praefectus Urbi, vi. 11.
character, xiv. 60: his suicide, Statilius Taurus, his amphithe
H. i. 72; cf. xv. 58; xvi. 14. atrum, iii. 72; see Class. Dict.,
See Juvenal, i. 155-7, and ad v. Taurus, Statilius.
Prior's note (Grammar School Statilius Taurus, ruined by A
Classics). grippina, xii. 59; xiv. 46.
sohamus, ing of Ituraei, xii. Stationes, of camp. i. 28.
23. Statius Annaeus, xv. 64.
Sohaemus, king of Sophene, xiii. Statius Domitius, xv. 71.
7 Statius Proximus, xv. 50, 71.
Sol, temple of, xv. 74 : altar of, Statius, tribunus, xv. 60.
vi. 28. Statue, of Marcellus higher than
Solon, the Athenian legislator, of Caesar, charge founded on,
iii. 26. i. 74: of Augustus, i. 73 : of
Sophene, country, xiii. 7. Claudia, iv. 64: crowned with
Sophonius Tigellinus, see Sofo bay, iv. 23 : carried off from
nius. Pergamos by Nero's orders,
Soranus, see Barea Soranus. xvi. 23: of solid gold or silver,
Sosia Galla, wife of Silius, iv. offered by Senate to Nero, xiii.
19, 20, 52. 10: statues of condemned eri
sosianus, see Antistius Sosianus. minals thrown down, xiv. 61:
Sosibius, tutor of Britannicus, set up again, xiv. 61; H. i.
xi. 1 : presented with sum of 78 : a crime to sell statues of
money, xi. 4. a Caesar, i. 73.
Soul, immortality of, see end of Stertinius, L., defeats the Bruc
Index. teri, i. 60: receives surrender
s'
6.
a town of Dandarica, xii. of Segimerus, i. 71 : punishes
perfidy of Angrivarii, ii. 8:
Spadones, xii. 66; see Eunuchi. receives their submission, ii.
Spartacus, iii. 73; xv. 46. 22.
Spartani,
*
ii. 60: their laws, iii. Stipendiarii, iv. 73; xi. 22.
4. | Stipendium, of soldiers, per day,
spectacula; provincial gover i. 17, 26: stipendia (years of
 INDEX. 705

service, campaigns), in army, 23: his war with Marius, xii.

sixteen, forty, i. 17: thirty, 60: created XX. quaestors for
i. 35: of legions and praeto filling up Senate, xi. 22: Ca
rians, i. 17; H. iv. 46. ligulas jest upon him, vi. 46:
Stoics, sect of, xvi. 32 : their his lex de sicariis, xiii.44.
arrogantia; their principles Sullanus, praetorius, iii. 75.
declared to make men turbidi Sulpicia domus, iii. 48.
and meddling (negotiorum ap Sulpicius Asper, xv. 49: con
petentes), xiv. 57. spires against Nero, xv. 50:
Strabo, see Acilius, Seius. put to death, xv. 68.
Stratonicenses, iii. 62. # Camerinus, xiii. 52.
Stratonicensis, Venus, iii. 63. Sulpicius Galba, C., consul, iii.
Sublaqueum, a villa of Nero's, 52: suicide, vi. 40.
xiv. 22. sulpicius Quirinus, see P. Qui
rinus.
Subrius Flavius, see Flavius.
Suetonius Paulinus, C., legatus Sulpicius Rufus, ludi procura
in Britain, xiv. 29; A. 5, 14, tor, xi. 35.
16: prepares to fight the Bri Sumptuaria lex, iii. 52.
tanni, xiv. 33, 34: his victory, Suovetaurilia, vi. 37.
xiv. 37: consul, xvi. 14; see
Index to Histories.
*# iii. 64: ob sup
plicia civium, ii. 32: at all the
Suevi, threaten Raetia, i. 44; pulvinaria, xiv. 12.59; xv.
ii. 26, 44: receive a king from 23: for victories, xiii. 41; cf.
Drusus, xii. 29; cf. ii. 62. xv. 74.
Suevia, G. 43, 45. Supplices, take seats at altar,
Suffecti, praetores and consuls iii. 61 : stretch out hands, em
for one or a few days, xii. 4; brace hands or knees, &c., xv.
. . iii. 37. 71; xvi. 4: kneel to prin
s'mir, ii. 26; iv. 47; xii. cipes, &c., i. 11, 13, 21; vi.
49; xii. 18; xv. 71.
suilius Caesoninus, xi. 36. Supplicia (executions of crimi
suilius, M., consul, xii. 25. nals), place for, outside porta
Suilius, P., quaestor of Germa Esquilina, ii. 32: infiicted by
nicus, iv. 31 : banished, iv. 31: # xv. 67 : supplicium
accuses Asiaticus, xi. 1 : an triumvirale, v. 9.
accusator insignis, xi. 4, 5; Surena, vi. 42.
xiii.43: accused of repetundae, surrentinum promontorium, iv.
as governor of province of 67: Surrentum, vi. 1.
Asia, and condemned, xiii. 42, Sword, dedicated to Jupiter
43 : banished to Balearic is Windex, xv. 74: hung at side
lands, xiii. 43. from shoulder, i. 35: certain
Sulla, Faustus, consul, xii. 52; persons ordered to lay it aside,
xv. 31: more honourable death
xiii. 23, 47; xiv. 57.
Sulla, L., iii. 31 : consul, vi. 15. by sword than by axe, xv. 67.
ASulla, L., (Dictator), i. 1; ii. Syene, ii. 61; see Elephantine.
55; iii. 27, 62: helped by the Sygambri, see Sugambri.
Smyrnaei, iv. 56: by the By s'", 38.
captured by Scipio, xii.
zantii, xii. 62: conquered Mi
thridates, iii. 62: assigned Syracusani, allowed to exhibit
judicia to the Senate, xi. 22 : extra number of gladiators,
extended the pomaerium, xii. xiii. 49.
Z Z
706 Nbpx.

Syria, province qf, i. 42; ii. 43, } thrown from, ii. 32; iv. 29;
55, 58, 69, 70, 74, 78, 81; iv. 5; vi. 19; cf. H. iii. 71.
v. 10; vi. 27, 31, 37; xiii. 22; Tarquinius Priscus, iv. 65.
cf. ii. 42; xii. 23; xiii. 8 ; A. Tarquinius Superbus, vi. 11 :
40: vacua (i.e. without a go ven from T Rome, iii. 27 ;
vernor), xiv. 26 : begs for di xi. 22.
minished tributum, ii. 42 : Tarquitius Crescens, xv. 11.
equites, xii. 55: ituri and Tarquitius Priscus, xii. 59: con
Judi added to province of, nea for repetund, xiv.
xii. 23 : prses of, ii. 4 ; vi.
41; xi. 10; xiv. 26; see also Tarracina, iii. 2.
IHistories, Index. Tarraconensis colonia, i. 78.
Tarsa, Thracian chief, iv. 50.
Tatii sodales, i. 54.
T. Tatius Gratianus, vi. 38.
Tatius, T., king of Sabini, i. 54;
Tabernaculum, of general, i. 29. xii. 24; H. ii. 95.
Tabernae, xv. 38. aeg, Eritanni stuarium, A.
Tabula duodecim, called finis
aequi juris, iii. 27, (see note) : Taunus mons, f. 86; xii. 28.
provision in, thatno one should Tauraunitium regio, xiv. 24.
exact higher than unciarium Taurorum litora, xii. 17.
fenus, vi. 16 : tabul public, Taurus mons, vi. 41 ; xii. 49;
xiii. 28: the charge of them xv. 8.
transferred from quaestores Taurus, see Statilius.
to prfecti, xiii. 28: tabul Tedius, i. 10.
nuptiales, xi. 27, 80: tabul Telamon, Teucerfled from anger
plumbea, used in devotiones, of his father, iii. 62.
ii. 69. Teleboi, iv. 67.
Tacfarinas, gets up war in Temnii, ii. 47.
Africa, routed by Furius Ca Temples : of Aesculapius, iv. 14:
millus, ii. 52 : renews war, iii. of Augustus, at Rome, i. 10;
20 : driven by Apronius into iv. 55 : in provinces, i. 10, 78 ;
desert, iii. 21 : recruits his iv. 57 : to Augustus and Rome
forces, iii. 73 : routed by Bloe conjointly, iv. 37 : of Aug.,
sus, iii. 74 : renews war with buiit by Tiberius, vi. 45: Tof
increased forces, iv. 23 : beaten Ceres, xv. 53 : of Claudius,
by Dolabella, iv. 24,25: killed xiv. 31 : of Diana, iv. 43 : of
in actiom, iv. 25 : his brother, Fecunditas, xv. 23 : of Flora,
iii. 74. ii. 49: of Fors Fortuna, ii. 41 :
Tacitus, see Cornelius Tacitus. of Fortuna Equestris, iii. 71 :
Talius Geminus, xiv. 50. of Hercules, xv. 4l : of Janus,
Tamesa (river Thames), super ii. 49 : of Juppiter, iv. 57 ;
natural appearamce in waters xiii. 24 : of Luna, xv. 41 : of
of, xiv. 32. Mars Ultor, ii. 64 ; iii. 18 ;
Tamfana, temple of, i. 51. xiii. 8: of the Mater dem,
Tanais, river, xii. 17. iv. 64: of Minerva, xiii. 24:
Tamtalus, iv. 56. of Nero, xv. 74 : of Nero's
Tarentum, xiv, 12, 27 : Taren daughter, xv. 23 : of Roma,
tinum foedus, i. 10, iv. 56: of Salus, xv. 53, 74 :
%rpeium saxum, criminals of Saturmus, ii, iT? Sol, xv,
 INDEX. 707

74: of Spes, ii. 49: of Tam duct at, i. 16, 77; xi. 13; xiii.
fana, i. 51: of Tiberius, iv. 15, 24: theatres formerly tempo
37, 55 : of Venus, iv. 43 : of rary structures, ompeius
Venus Genetrix, xvi. 27: Magnus built first permanent
of Vesta, xv. 36, 41: temples one, xiv. 20: troops stationed
visited by people in time of to keep order at, xiii. 24, 25.
joy, ii. 75: robbed, xv. 45: Thebae (in Egypt), ii. 60.
dedicated, ii. 49; iv. 57,67; Theophanes, Mytilenaeus, vi. 18.
vi. 45: used for Senate-house, Theophilus, condemned for for
xvi. 27: erected to Impera gery at Areopagus, ii. 55.
tores and Roma, iv. 37. Thermaeus sinus, v. 10.
Tencteri, people of Germany, Thermus, see Minucius and Nu
xiii. 56. micius.
Tendere extra vallum (troops Theseus, iv. 56.
encamping outside rampart of Thessali, vi. 34.
camp), mark of ignominy in Thracians, ii. 64,66: conquered
#" for ill-behaviour, xiii. by Romans, iv. 46, 48: give
help to Romans, iv. 48; H. i.
Tenii, iii. 63. 68: their songs, dances, and
Terentius Lentinus, eques Ro clash of arms in battle, iv. 47.
manus, xiv. 40. Thracia, ii. 54, 64, 66, 67; iii.
Terentius, M., accused as friend 38; iv. 5; vi. 10; xii. 63.
of Sejanus, vi. 8 : defends Thrasea Paetus, P., xiii. 49:
himself and is acquitted, vi. born at Patavium, xvi. 21:
8. leaves Senate, xiv. 12; xvi.
Termestini, people of Spain, iv. 21: father-in-law of Helvidius
45. Priscus, xvi. 28, 35: his judg
Terra motus (earthquake), iv. ment on Antistius, xiv. 48:
13; xiv. 27: in Asia, ii. 47; firmitudo animi, xiv. 49: li
xii. 58: at Rome, xii. 43 : in bertas (independent spirit), H.
Campania, xv. 22. iv. 5: speech against pride of
Tesserae, (watchwords), given to provincials, xv. 20: forbidden
tribuni and soldiers, i. 7; xiii. interview with Nero, xv. 23;
2, lit. tickets. xvi. 24: accused to Nero, xvi.
Testudo, xii. 35: troops in tes 21, 22: friend of Vespasian,
tudinem conglobati, xiii. 39. H. iv. 7 : enemy of Capito,
Teucer, fled from wrath of his xvi. 21: performs as actor at
father Telamon, iii. 62. castici (doubtful word, see
Teutoburgiensis saltus, i. 60. note ad loc.) ludi, xvi. 21 : ad
Thala, town and garrisoned post dresses memorial to Nero, xvi.
in Africa, iii. 21. 24: choice of mode of death
Theatrum : of Marcellus, iii. 64: allowed to him, xvi. 33: opens
of Balbus, iii. 72: of Pompeius, his veins, xvi. 35: verae gloriae
burnt, iii. 72: distinction of exemplar, H. ii. 91: by killing
seats at, xv. 32 : scena of, him and Barea Soranus Nero
built by Tiberius, vi. 45: peo destroyed virtus ipsa (incar
ple stood up at, in honour of nate virtue), xvi. 21: praised
by Arulenus Rusticus, A. 2.
Virgil, O. 13: riotous popular
Thrasyllus, mathematicus, vi.
cries at, vi. 13: great number
20: his son, vi. 22; see Juve
of spectators at, xiii. 54: at
Naples, xv. 33: riotous con nal, vi. 576,
708 INDEX.
*::", town in Africa, iv.
Thurii, whence equorum certa
mind were introduced in Rome,
xiv. 21.
Tiberii gemelli, sons of Drusus,
ii. 84; iv. 15; vi. 46.
Tiberiolus meus, jesting name
#ed by Cotta Messalinus, vi.
Tiberis, river, overflowing of,
i.76; H. i. 86: discussion on
remedies for, i. 79: bodies of
criminals dragged to, vi. 19:
spoiled corn thrown into, xv.
18: Tiberina ostia, xv. 42.
Tiberius Alexander, eques Ro
manus, xv. 28; see Histories,
Index.
Tiberius Claudius Nero, father
of emperor Tiberius, i. 10; v.
l; vi. 51 ; see Class. Dict., ad
v. Nero, Claudius, 5.
Tiberius Nero (the emperor Ti
berius), i. 1: called imperator
by Augustus, i. 3: adopted by
Augustus, i. 3: his heir, i. 8:
succeeds to imperium, i. 5 :
Pontifex Maximus, iii. 58:
associated with Augustus in
the tribunicia potestas, iii. 56:
his fear and of Ger
manicus, i. 7, 52, 62: his
words were suspensa et , ob
scura, i. 11: pretence of visit
ing army on frontier, i. 47 :
uts to death former wife Julia
daughter of Augustus), i. 53:
a sodalis Augustalis, i. 54: his
retirement at Rhodes (specie
secessus exsulem agens), i. 4,
53; ii.42: his brooding hatred,
waiting long for vengeance,
i. 7,69; iv. 1, 21, 29, 52, 71 :
owed his supreme power to the
arts of his mother Livia, iv.
57: his suspicion and hatred
of Agrippina (the elder, wife
of Germanicus), i. 69: forbids
oath to be taken in acta sua,
i. 72: declines title of pater
patriae, i. 72: rehabilitates the
lex majestatis, i. 72: keeps
governors of provinces in
office for life, i. 80: saluted
imperator by troops, ii.18:
acts as advocatus for Urgu
lania in praetor's court, ii. 34:
refuses inheritances
ed, except ' private friends,
ii. 48: sent by Augustus into
Germany, i. 34, 59; ii., 46:
declines to be called dominus,
ii. 87: his secret joy at death
of Germanicus, iii. 2, 16; iv.
17: despiser of popular gossip
(spernendis rumoribus vali
dus), iii. 10: no money-lover
(firmus adversus pecuniam),
iii. 18: goes to Campania, iii.
31; iv. 57: his message to the
Senate on extravagant habits
(luxus), iii. 53 : . in deterius
mutatur, iv. 6: his thriftiness,
iii. 52 : consul, third time, ii.
53: fourth time, iii. 31 : hos
tility to family of Germanicus,
iv. 17: disdain for honores
(spernendis honoribus vali
dus), iv. 37: his desire for post
humous fame, iv. 38; vi. 46:
relieves a decayed senator, i.
75: assigned provinces to men,
whom he did not allow to leave
Rome and assume the actual
government, i. 80: , his sup
pressed anger, i. 4, 7, 53,69:
iv. 21, 29: his relief of cities
injured by earthquake, ii. 47:
engaged against Maroboduus
in Germany, ii. 46: took credit
to himself for fortunes gifts
ad gloriam vertit),
. 84: whenever he quitted
the Curia (Senate-house) is
said to have muttered in Greek
O homines ad servitutem para
tos, slaves all, and ready
made, iii. 65: left unnamed
in will of Junia, iii. 76: bore
firmly death of his son Drusus,
iv. 8 : his funeral-eulogy of
 INDEX. . 709

Drusus pro Rostris, iv. 12: Tigellinus, see Sofonius Tigel

temple to him in ulterior His linus.
pania, iv. 37: at Smyrna, iv. Tigranes, king of Armenia, ii.
56; cf. iv. 15: his reverence 3: put to death at Rome, vi.
for all deeds and maxims of 40.
Augustus, iv. 37; A. 13 (om Tigranes, the Cappadocian, long
nia facta dictaque Augusti kept hostage at Rome, ap
vice legis observans) his effigies, pointed by Nero king of Ar
iv. 64, 74: personal appear menia, xiv. 26: called alieni
ance, iv.57: instances of gene gena by the Parthians, xv. 1:
rosity, ii. 47, 48; iv. 64; vi. lays waste Adiabeni, xv. 1.
17,45: away from Rome eleven Tigranocerta, city of Armenia,
years, nevcr returned, iv. 57, xii. 50: surrendered to Cor
58: cared not for his ill-name bulo, xiv. 24: occupied by Ti
(contemptor suae infamiae), vi. granes, xv. 4: besieged by
38; cf. iii. 10 (spernendis Parthians, xii. 50; xv. 4: the
rumoribus validus, as above), siege raised, xv. 5; cf. xiv.
his contemptus ambitionis (dis 23; xv. 6, 8.
regard for popular favour), vi. Tigris, river, vi. 37; xii. 13.
45; cf. vi. 46 illi non per Timarchus, xv. 20.
inde cura gratia praesentium, Tiridates, brother of Vologeses,
4c., his retirement at Capreae, xii. 50: becomes king of Ar
iv. 67; (see Juvenal, x. 93): menia, xiii. 34; xv. 14: war
dangerous adventure in grotto, against Armenia, xiii. 37:
iv. 59: his tyranny worse after sends envoys to Corbulo, xiii.
mother Livia's death, v. 3: 38: prepares to fight Roman
cruelty to grandson Drusus, army, xiii. 40 : his retreat,
vi. 23, 24: his calliditas, xi. xiii. 40: compelled to quit Ar
3: libidines, vi. 1: dissimu menia, xiv. 26; xv. 1: crown
latio, iv. 71: animi firmitudo, ed by Vologeses, xv. 2: con
iii. 44; iv. 8: message to Se sents to receive the diadema
nate, vi. 6: his crimes, vi. 6, at Rome, xv. 24: sends envoys
24: relief of debtors, vi. 17: to Corbulo, xv. 27: his con
prophesies rule of Galba, vi. ference with Corbulo, xv. 28,
20: dealings with the Chal 29: arrival in Rome, xvi. 23.
daei, vi. 20; see Juvenal, x. Tiridates, usurps kingdom of
93 sq. : killed by smothering, Parthia, vi. 32, 37, 41: crown
vi. 50: his life and character, ed, vi. 42: his flight, vi. 44.
i. 4; vi. 51 : victories and Titidius Labeo, ii. 85.
triumphs, i. 34: eloquence, Titii sodales, i. 54.
xiii. 3: ruled for twenty-three Titius Proculus, xi. 35.
years, O. 17: did not come off Titius Sabinus, iv. 18: his im
without damage in Germany, peachment postponed, iv. 19:
(Germanos non impune per treachery of Latiaris to him,
culit), G. 37: consecrated sa iv. 68; vi. 4: imprisoned and
cerdotium Augustale to the condemned, iv. 70.
gens Julia, H. ii. 95 : his four Tmolus, earthquake at, ii. 47.
progeneri, vi. 45. Toga virilis, xii. 41; iii. 29:
Tiburs, vi. 27. toga picta, iv. 26.
Tiburtum fines, xiv. 22. | Togati, xvi. 27.
Ticinum, iii. 5. - : Togonius Gallus, vi. 2.
710 INDEX.

Toronus sinus, v. 10. j Tribunitii viatores, xvi. 12.

Torquata, sister of Silamus, iii. Tribunitium jus, i. 2; H. i. 47:
69 coercebatur, xiii. 28; cf. i.
zygtus Aeilanus, xv. 35; xvi. 77 ; iii. 27; vi. 12, 16, 47; H.
8, 12. ii. 38, 91.
Trabeati equites, iii. 2. Tributa, et vectigalia, i. ll :
Tragicus hbitus (dress of actors tributorum ezactio, ' iii. 40 :
in tragedy), xv. 65 ; xvi. 2l. deninutio, ii. 56.
Tralliani, iv. 55. Triclimia, iii. 14.
Transpadani, xi. 24. Trierarchus, xiv. 8.
Trapezus, town of Asia, xiii. 39. Trimerus, island of, as place of
zjius
6.
Montanus, eques, xi. exile, iv. 71.
Trinobantes, people of Britain,
Trebellienus Mazimus, xiv. 46; xiv. 31. -

see Histories. Index. Trio Fulcinius, accusator (de

Trebellienus }$, guardian lator), ii. 28, 30: impeaches
(tutor) to children of Cotys, Piso apud consules, iii. 10 :
ii. 67 ; iii. 38 : suicide, vi. 39. rebuked by Tiberius, iii. 19 :
Trebellius, M., legatus, vi. 41. facilis capessendis inimicitiis,
Treveri, i. 41 ; iii. 40, 42, 46; see v. 11 : his doom postponed, vi.
Histories, Index. 4 : his suicide, vi. 38.
Tribunal, of turf, in Roman Triumph; celebrated while war
camp, i. 18 : the prtor sat wasunended, i. 55 : only le
in the middle of his tribunal, gitimately gained de populis
at the corners (cornua) his regnisque integris, xii.20 (see
friends and assessors, i. 75: | note) : repeated, i. 4 : childrem
for the military tribunal, cf. i. of the triumphantgeneral rode
22, 25, 27, 39 ; xi. 35 ; xv. 29 : in the triumph in his chariot,
for the prtor's tribunal, ii. 34, or on horseback, ii. 4l.
57 : for consulis tribunal, xiii. Triumphales statu et imagines,
4; xvi. 30: tribunal ingredi xv. 72: triumphalia orna
auspicandi gratia, iv.36(note): menta or insignia, i. 72; ii.
tribunali assistere, xii. 37. 52; iii. 48, 72; iv. 18, 23, 26,
Tribuni, militum cnsulari po 44, 46; vi. 10, 39 ; xi. 20, 21;
testate, i. l : tribuni plebis, xii. 3, 28, 38 ; xv. 72 : trium
i. 15 ; H. ii. 91 : their seat at phalis porta (see Class. Dict.,
the theatre called locus hones Roma, TII. JValls of Servius
tissimus, xvi. l2: in classe, Tullius, 18), i. 8: vestis, i. 15;
xv. .51 ; urbanae cohortis, vi. xii. 41; xiii. 8: homos, xii. 28 :
9: prtori cohortis, i. 77 ; apparatus (things carried at
iii. 14; xiii. 15. atriumph), ii. 41 : triumphales
Tribunitia, potestas, of the em (mem called), xiv. 1 : trium
perors, i. 2, 3, 7, 9, 10 : H. i. phales imagines in Forum, xv.
47 : rogatio, vi. 16: interces 72 : triumphalium insigne, iv.
sio, i. 2; xiv.48 : this potestas 23; xii. 3 : triumphale decus,
was summi fastigii vocabulum vi. 10, 39; xiii. 45 ; xv. 72 :
@ttribute. of supreme power), triumphalia (sc. insignia or
iii. 56 : its jus interedend ornamenta), iv. 18, 23, 26, 44;
consulum relationi, i. 13; H. xii. 3.
iv. 9;. consors tribunitioe po Triumvirale supplicium, v. 9;
testatis, i. 3.
 INDEX. 711

Triumviri eapitales, v. 9.
Trivia, worshippedby 8tratoni
censes, iii. 62. U.
Trogus Sanfeius, xi. 35.
1'rqja, xi. 14; xii. 58 ; xv. 39. Ubii, i. 31, 36, 37, 71 ; xii. 27 :
parens urbis Rom, iv. 55 : r civitas, burnt, xiii.
Troj ludicrum, xi. 11. 57 : Ubiorum ara, i. 39, 57 :
Tropa, ii. 18; xv. 18 : names oppidum, i. 36; xii. 27 : found
of conquered tribes writtem $ by Agrippina, xii. 27; G.
8.
om, ii. 18.
Trosobores or Troxobores, leader Ultionis ara, iii. 18.
of the Clitae, xii. 55. Ultor Mars, iii. 18: ultores dii,
Trumpet, at funerals, xiv. 10. iv. 28; H. iv. 57.
ntes,
56.
tribe, i. 51 ; xiii. 55, Umbr infernae (ghosts of the
dead), raised by incantations,
Tubero, see Seius Tubero. ii. 28.
Tuberonum nomen veteri quoque Umbria, iv. 5.
^eipublic invisum, xii. l ; Ummidius Quadratus, T., Syri
xvi. 22; see Cicero, pro Mu prses, xii. 45: Judos coer
rena, ch. 36. cet, xii. 54: at variance with
Tugurinus, see Julius. Corbulo, xiii. 8, 9 : death of,
Tullinus, see Vulcatius. xiv. 26.
Tullius, king, iii. 26. Unciarium fenus, vi. 16.
Tullius Senecio, see Semecio. Urbicus Pompeius, xi. 35.
Tullus Hostilius, made Numa Urbs Punica, iv. 56 : Achai,
Marcius prfectus urbis (urbi ii. 53 : cities of Asia ruined by
imposuit), vi. 11 : his laws, iii. earthquake, ii. 47; cf. iv. 14;
26; xii. 8. xiv. 27 : cities of Greece, iii.
Tumulus, inanis (cenotaph) 60 ; xiv. 14 : of Thrace, ii. 54.
erected tothe legions of Varus, Urbs, see Roma.
i. 62 ; ii. 7 : Csarum, iii. 9 : Urgulania, favourite of Livia
Juliorum, xvi.6: Octaviorum, Augusta, nimia potentia of,
iv. 44 : Agrippin, xiv. 10. ii. 34: injus trahitur by Piso,
Turesis, leaderof the Thracians, iv. 21 : sends dagger to her
iv. 50. grandson, iv. 22.
zyni,
4
people of Gaul, iii. 41, Uri, hides of, imposed as tribute
on Frisii, iv. 72.
Turpilianus, see Petronius. Usipii, or Usipetes, i. 51 ; xiii.
Turramius, C., annon prfec 55, 56.
tus, i. 7; xi. 81. Uspe, city of, xii. 16: destruc
tyi, xi. 24 : histriones, xiv. tion of, xii. 17.
Usur, reduced to semwnciae,
Tusculum, xi. 24; xiv. 3. vi. 16, 17.
Tuscus Vicus, iv. 65.
Zyrrhenus, iv. 55.
, whence Dido came to V.
Carthage, xwi. l.
Vacationes militares, i. 17, (sec
tion 6, mote on redimi).
Vahalis, river, ii. 6.
Valens, see Manlius, Vectius,
712 INDEX.

Valerius Asiaticus, twice consul, I pointed by Nero as Commis

xi. 1: chiefly concerned in sioners ofvectigalia, xv. 18.
assassination of Caligula, xi. Vectius, see Vettius.
1 : born at Vienna, xi. 1 : Vedius Pollio, his debauchery,
ruined by Messalina, on accu i. 10: his power, xii. 60.
sation of Silius, xi. 2; xiii. 43. Weianus Niger, xv. 67.
Valerius Capito, recalled from Veiento, see Fabricius.
exile, xiv. 12. Velinus, lacus, emptied waters
Valerius Corvus, i. 9. into river Nar, i. 79.
Valerius Fabianus, xiv. 40. Vellaeus, P., iii. 39.
Valerius Messala, see Messala. Veneficia (poisoning), women
Valerius Messalinus, iii. 18, 34. infamous for, ii. 74; cf. ii. 69;
Valerius Naso, iv. 56. iv. 22.
Valerius Ponticus, xiv. 41. Veneti, people of Italy, xi. 23.
Valerius Potitus, xi. 22. Venetus Paulus, xv. 50.
Vangio, king of the Suevi, xii. Ventidius Cumanus, xii. 54.
29, 30. Venus, Amathusia, iii. 62: Ery
Pangiones, people of Germany, cina, iv. 43: Genetrix, xvi.
xii. 27. 27: Stratonicis, iii. 63: Pa
Vannius, king of the Suevi, ii. hia, her temple, iii. 62.
# driven from power, xii. enutius, a chief of the Britons,
xii. 40; cf. H. iii. 45.
r:an", son of Vologeses, xiii. Veranius, Q., Cappadociae lega
tus, ii. 56: prepares impeach
Variana clades, i. 10, 57, 61 : ment of Piso, ii. 74: refuses
xii. 27: eagle of Varus found, to give way to Trio, iii. 10,
i. 60; ii. 25, 41. 13, 17: has sacerdotium con
Varilia, see Appuleia. ferred, iii. 19: consul, xii. 5:
Varius Ligur, lover of Aquilia, legatus in Britain, xiv. 29:
iv. 42: bribes accusatores, vi. death there, xiv. 29; A. 14.
30. Vergilianus Juncus, xi. 35.
Varius Lusius, see Lusius. Verginius Rufus, L., consul, xv.
Varro Cingonius, see Cingonius; 23; see Histories, Index.
cf. Vibidius and Visellius. Verginius Rufus, rhetor, ba
Varrones, put to death, i. 10. nished, xv. 71. -

Varus, see Arrius, Quinctilius. r:", chief of the Frisii, xiii.

Vasaces, cavalry-commander of 5

Parthians, xv. 14. Versura, forbidden, vi. 16.

Vaticana vallis, xiv. 14. Verulamium, a municipium in
Vatinius, scurra, xv. 34: ex Britain, xiv. 33.
hibits gladiators, xv. 34: fa Verulanus Severus, legatus, xiv.
vourite of Nero, xv. 34; O. 26 : sent to help Tigranes,
11 : his rapacity, H. i. 37. xv. 3.
Vectigalia, i. 11 : Nero's design Verus Atilius, see Atilius.
of them, xiii. 50: Vescularius Flaccus (or, Atti
the vectigalia farmed by so cus), ii. 28: killed, vi. 10. -

cietates of equites, iv. 6; xiii. Vespasianus (emperor), astricti

50 : vectigalia et tributa, i. moris auctor, antiquo ipse
11; iv. 6: the quinta et vice cultu victuque, iii. 55; his peril
sima (tax, on mancipia sold), under Nero, xvi. 5; see His
xiii. 31 : three consulares ap tories, Index.
 INDEX. 713

Vesta, temple of, H. i.43: in it Vettonianus, xv. 7.

were deposited treaties, wills, Vetus, L., see Antistius.
money, i. 8: her temple in the Vexillarii, i. 17, 38; xiv. 34;
pitol,
4
xv. 36: burnt, xv. Histories, Index.
Vexillum, in two senses, as flag,
Vesta virgines, or Westales, i. and as body of men. The
8 : witnesses in law-courts, ii. names of the principes were
34: their seats in the theatre, inscribed on the vexilla : their
iv. 16: Vibidia, oldest Vestal, busts displayed there, iv. 2:
xi. 32: mode of electing a new vexillum caught up by general
Vestal, ii. 86 (note on capien to lead on the troops, i. 38;
dum); cf. iv. 16 (section 6, H. iii. 17: vexilla set up in
note On). and pulled out of ground in
Vestabia sacra, ii. 86. camp, i. 20: vexilla praeferre,
Westibulum, where were ances i. 34: veterans kept sub vex
tral busts, xi. 35; H. i. 86. fllo, i. 26, 39 : sub vex
Vestilius Sext., praetorius, vi. 9. illis teneri et retineri, i. 17,
Vestimus Atticus, consul, xv. 36: a vexillum kept in the
48: his acre ingenium, xv. generals tent, (where it was
52: killed, xv. 68, 69. hung out as signal for battle),
Vestis Serica (silken attire), Se i. 39: vexilla legionum (i.e.
natus-consultum against men bodies of men, manipuli), iv.
wearing it, ii.,33; iii. 53.: 73; H. ii. 24; A. 18: so vex
vestis triumphalis, i. 15; xiii. fillum tironum, ii. 78 : and
8: servilis, xiii. 25; H. ii. 29: vexilla delectorum, xv. 26:
condemned criminal dragged cf. per vexilla componere, ii.
to execution muffled in his 52. See also Histories, Index.
robe (veste obducta), iv. 70: Via Appia, ii. 30: Caspia, vi.
vestes used for sails, ii. 24: 33: Miseni, xiv.9: Flaminia,
mourning garb of rei, &c., iii. 9; xiii. 47: Ostiensis, xi.
ii. 29, 75, 82; iii. 2: vestes 32: Wiarum mancipes et cu
burnt on funeral-pyres, iii. 2: ratores, iii. 31.
people killed by smothering Viaticum, i. 37.
with, vi. 50; xii. 47. Viatores tribunicii, xvi. 12.
Vesuvius, Mount, effect of erup Vibenna Caeles, iv. 65.
tions, iv. 67. Vibidia, virgo Vestalis, xi. 32:
Vetera, name of a camp, i. 45. intercedes with Claudius for
Veterani, i. 17, 26, 31, 44; cf. Messalina, xi. 34.
ii. 80; xiii. 35 : deducti to Vibidius Varro, expelled from
found coloniae, xiv. 27, 31; Senate, ii. 48.
cf. A. 14: formerly calibes, Vibilius, chief of the Hermun
xiv. 27: sub vexillo hiemantes, duri, ii. 63; xii. 29.
i. 39: dismissed in twentieth Vibius Crispus, xiv. 28; see
year of service, i. 78 : vexillum Histories, Index.
of, iii. 21. Vibius Fronto, equitum praefec
Wettius Bolanus, legionis le tus, ii. 68.
gatus, xv. 3.; see Histories, Vibius Marsus, ii. 74, 79; iv.
Index. 56: a man vetustis honoribus,
Vettius Valens, one of Messa # 47: legatus of Syria, xi.
# lovers, xi. 30, 31 : killed,
Xi. 35.
Vibius Secundus, eques, con
3 A
714 INDEX.

ned
8.
for repetundae, xiv. Virgilianus, see Vergilianus.
Virginius, see Verginius.
Vibius Serenus, in insulam de Vissilius Varro, igatus, iii.41:
portatur, iv. 13: father and consul, iv. 17 : accuses Silius,
son of same name, iv. 28: the iv. 19.
son accuses the father, iv. 28:
father banished again, to A
r:#; river, i. 70; ii. 9, 11,
morgus, iv. 30: the son was Vitellia, mother-in-law of Pe
a districtus accusator, iv. 36. tronius, iii. 49.
Vibius, C., ii. 30. Vitellius, A., (the emperor),
Vibulenus Agrippa, poisoned consul, xi. 23 : pavidus et
'" in Senate-house, vi. adulator, xiv. 49; see Histo
ries, Index.
Vibulenus, miles gregarius, i. Vitellius, L., father of the em
22, 28: executed, i. 29. peror, H. iii. 86: Orienti prae
Vibullius, praetor, xiii. 28. fectus, vi. 32, 36, 41 : consul,
Vicesima quinta, duty on inhe vi. 28: thrice consul, xiv. 56;
* nces and slaves sold, xiii. H. i. 9, .52; iii. 66: a sup
porter of Messalina, xi. 2, 3,
Victims, offered to Di Manes, 33: censor, xii. 4; H. i. 9;
iii. 2: to Nero's bust, xv. 29: iii. 66: brings about marriage
for good news, ii. 75. of Claudius with Agrippina,
Victoria, statue of, xiv. 32. xii. 4, 5 : his disgraceful adu
Vienna, xi. 1; see Histories, lation, vi. 32; xii. 4: accused,
Index. xii. 42: his ill-name in Rome,
Vigiles (city-watch), praefectus #. 32: his os impudicum, xi.
of, xi. 35; see Histories, Index.
Vigiliae, commencement of, an Vitellius, P., i. 70: dispatched
nounced by centurions and to hold census of Galliae, ii. 6 :
sound of trumpet, xv. 30; H. prepares impeachment of Piso,
ii. 29. ii. 74; iii. 10, 13, 17, 19 : is
Vigintiviratus, iii. 29. accused, v. 8; his suicide, v.
Villae (country-seats), great ex 8: his wife, vi. 47.
tent of, iii. 53; cf. xiv. 9. Vitellius, Q., (brother of Vitel
Vindelici, ii. 17. lius P.), expelled from Senate,
Windemiale festum (vintage ii. 48.
festival), xi. 31. Vitia, mother of Fufius Geminus,
Vindex, see Julius Vindex. killed, vi. 10.
r:ite,
7.
manumission by, xiii. Vitis, the badge of a centurions
office, broken on soldiers
Vinicianus Pollio, vi. 9. backs, i. 23.
Vinicius, M., Tiberii progener, Vivianus Annius, xv. 28.
vi. 15, 45. Volandum, a castellum in Ar
Vinicius Rufinus, eques, con menia, xiii. 39.
demned, xiv. 40. Volesus Messala, iii.68.
Vipsania, daughter of Agrippa, Vologeses, king of the Parthians,
wife of Tiberius, i. 12: her xii. 14; H. i. 40:... born of a
death, iii. 19, Greek woman, xii. 44 : in
r:
o *
Gallus, praetor, death
il.
vades Armenia, xii. 50: leaves
it, xiii. 7: gives hostages to
Wipsanius Laenas, xiii. 30, Romans, xiii. 9; renews war,

~
 INDEX.
xiii. 34: checked by revolt of
Hyrcani, xiii. 37; xiv. 25:
summons a council, xv. 2:
declines conflict with Romans,
xv. 5: marches against Paetus
general), xv. 10 :
orces him to surrender, xv.
14: sends envoys to Nero, xv.
24: offers aid to Vespasian,
H. iv. 51: his brother, see
Tiridates.
Vologesus, xiii. 7; H. iv. 51.
Volsci, xi. 24.
Volusius, L., dies, iii. 30.
Volusius, L., xii. 22: dies, xiii.
30: his wealth, xiii. 30; xiv.
56.
Volusius Proculus, xv. 51, 57.
Volusius, Q., consul, xiii. 25:
holds census in the Galliae,
xiv. 46.
Vonones, king of Parthia, ii. 1,
2 : friend of Piso. ii. 58: ex
pelled from his kingdom, ii.
3: made king of Armenia, ii.
4: removed from office, ii. 56:
confined in Cilicia, ii. 58, 68:
killed, ii. 68: his son, xii. 10.
Vonones, ruler of Medi, sum
moned to rule Parthia, his
death, xii. 14.
Wota, Chattorum, xiii. 57; G.
31 : exsolvere, xv. 23: muncu
Apare, xii. 68 : suscipere pub
lice, xii. 13; xv. 23: annual
vota pro incolumitate princi
pis et pro imperii populique
salute, iv. 17: votorum nun
cupationes, xvi. 22.
Votienus Montanus, iv. 42.
Vulcatius, Araricus, xv. 50.
Vulcatius Moschus, iv. 43.
Vulcatius Tullinus, xvi. 8.
Vulsinii, iv. l ; cf. vi. 8.
W.
Wife: taken away from Nero,
i.10: wives of provincial go
vernors accompanying hus
715
bands to province, iii. 33, 34;
iv. 19: companions in exile,
xv. 71; H. i. 3: an accused
wife could be judicio mariti
permissa left for her husband
to deal with), xiii. 32: partners
for better for worse (rerum
adversarum secundarumque
consortes), iii. 34: cf. conjugem
prosperis dubiisque sociam,
xii. 5: wife betrayed husband's
secrets, iv. 7.
Wills, forgers of, condemned
underlex Cornelia, or expelled
from the ordo, xiv. 40: for
will-forgery see Juvenal, i. 67,
68: will of Acerronia, xiv. 6:
of Anteius, xvi. 14: of Au
gustus, i. 8: of Claudius, xii.
69: of Junia, iii. 76 : of Livia,
v. 1: servility expressed in
wills, xvi. 19: legacies to em
peror and his friends, ii. 48;
xiv. 31.; xvi. 11, 17; A.43:
denunciations of emperor, se
nators, &c., in wills, vi. 38;
xvi. 19.
Women : a woman, amissa pu
dicitia, nihil abnuit (an un
chaste woman will stick at
nothing, says Tacitus), iv. 3:
signis Romanis praesidet, xii.
37: leader of army, xiv. 35;
A. 31: in Britain, a woman
can reign, xii. 40; A. 16: in
battle, xiv. 30, 34, 37: Roman
ladies performed in public in
the arena and theatre, xiv.
15, (section 3, see note on de
formia, &c.), xv. 32: mad
prophetesses in Britain, xiv.
32 (feminae in furorem tur
batae), accused for weeping
over relatives, vi. 10: credu
lous creatures, xiv. 4: ladies
turned prostitutes, ii. 85 :
womans animus imbecillus,
vi. 49: punishment of ladies
who cohabited with slaves,
xii. 53.
716 INDEX.

Zenobia, wife of Rhadamistus,

X. xii. 51.
Zeugma, town of, xii. 12.
|Xenophon, court-physician un- Zorsines, king of Siraci, xii. 15,
der Claudius, xii. 61, 67. 17, 19.

Z. ADDENDUM.

Zeno, made king of Armenia, ii. Soul, immortality of, xvi. 19,
56. | 34; H. v. 5; A, 46.

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