CURRENT DESIGN PRACTICE

Performance-Based Plastic Design of Seismic

Resistant Special Truss Moment Frames Design Base Shear
V = Ce W/R
Elastic Design/Analysis
Subhash C. Goel Drift Check
Shih-Ho Chao Cd < limit
Prescribed Ductility Detailing
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (Works most of the time But not always!)

1 2

CONCEPT

Base Shear

Ve

Vu = oV

V = Ve /R

Cd u
Displacement (Story Drift)

3 4

5 6

1
 PERFORMANCE-BASED PLASTIC DESIGN

Pre-Selected Yield Mechanism and Target Drift

7 8

PERFORMANCE-BASED PLASTIC DESIGN DESIGN BASE SHEAR

Pre-Selected Yield Mechanism and Target Drift

9 10

Using Newmark-Hall Inelastic Spectra (R-s-T) for E-P SDOF, 7

s =6
6
s =5
5
s =4
4 Ductility Reduction Factors
s =3
R 3 Proposed by Newmark and
s =2

For the given system, 2 Hall [1973]

1
Acceleration Velocity, Displacement Region
0 Region
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Period (sec)

1.2

1
Solution of Work-Energy Equation gives Design Base Shear 0.8 s =2

0.6
s =3 Modification Factor for
s =4
0.4 s =5
Energy Equation versus
s =6 Period
0.2 Acceleration Velocity, Displacement Region
Region
0
Ref: Housner (1956, 1960) 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
11 Period (sec) 12

2
 Conventional Truss Moment Frame (OMF)

Special Truss Moment Frames

Original Research Sponsored By:

NUCOR R&D
Economical for large spans
Easy end connections for moment resistance
13 Openings for ductwork Smaller story heights 14

15 16

17 18

3
19 20

21 22

23 24

4
25 26

27 28

29 30

5
31 32

33 34

35 36

6
37 38

39 40

41 42

7
43 44

45 46

47 48

8
 49 50

Ductwork through a Vierendeel special segment opening of an STMF

51 52

A typical STMF with 2-panel Vierendeel special segments under

construction

53 54

9
 55 56

Performance-Based Plastic Design of

Special Truss Moment Frames

Sponsored By:

Nabih Youssef and Associates, Engineers

NUCOR R&D

57 58

Study building layout

and STMFs in the first Typical truss elevation
phase investigation

59 60

10
 61 62

Stitch Spacing:

AISC-LRFD Specification
(AISC, 2001)

AISC-LRFD Specification
commentary (AISC, 2001)

Proposed (Parra et al., 2006)

63 64

Ls = 8'
14'
14'
14'
14'
10 Stories = 144'

14'
14'
14'
14'
4'

18'
14'

Building plan and STMFs in the second phase investigation 65 66

Elevation of study STMFs in the second phase investigation

11
 9-STORY STMF T = 1.925 sec.

ORDINARY ESSENTIAL

NEHRP (R = 7) I FACTOR 1.0 1.5

(*DRIFT GOVERNS)
V/W (2/3 MCE) 0.056* 0.084

ORDINARY ESSENTIAL

2/3 MCE (10/50) 2.0% 1.5%

Target Drift
PBPD (y = 0.75%) MCE (2/50) 3.0% 2.25%

2/3 MCE (10/50) 0.099 0.169

V/W
MCE (2/50) 0.076 0.134

67
PBPD V/W (GOVERNING FOR 2/3 MCE) ALMOST 2 x NEHRP V/W* 68

Typical one-bay STMF with pre-

selected yield mechanism for
calculating required strength of
chord members
wiu

Fi = (bi - bi+1 ) Fn
p L bi M pbr
- qp
2 Lp

hi
qp

Lp

M pc Ls M pc
69 70
L

L1

( Pc )n
Free body diagram of an exterior
an FR
columns and associated truss girder (Vne ) n
branches with concentrated gravity
loadings on truss girders

( Pc )i piu
ai FR (Vne )i

hi

a1FR (Vne )1

M pc

71 L 72
2

12
 ( Pc ) n

an FR (Vne ) n
Mean Values of Maximum Interstory Drifts Ordinary
9-story STMF (10/50 ground motions):
Free body diagram of an interior 9
10% in 50 yrs
columns and associated truss ground motions
LA02 (El Centro)
LA04 (Array #05)

girder branches 8 LA07 (Barstow)

LA09 (Yermo)
LA12 (Loma Prieta)
( Pc )i wiu LA13 (Newhall)
7 LA17 (Sylmar)

ai FR (Vne )i
LA18 (Sylmar-2)
LA19 (North Palm)

6 Mean

Story Level
5

4 Target Drift = 2%
hi
3

a1FR 2 Ordinary 9-story

(Vne )1
STMF
1
M pc
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

L L 73 Maximum Interstory Drift (%) 74

2 2

Mean Values of Maximum Interstory Drifts Ordinary Mean Values of Maximum Interstory Drifts Essential
9-story STMF (2/50 ground motions): 9-story STMF (10/50 ground motions):
9
2% in 50 yrs
ground motions
8
Target Drift
Ordinary 9-story = 3%
7 STMF
Story Level

6
Story Level

LA21(Kobe_2%in50yr)
4 LA23 (Loma Prieta_2%in50yr)
LA26 (Rinaldi_2%in50yr)
LA27 (Sylmar_2%in50yr)
3 LA30 (Tabas_2%in50yr)
Mean

1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

Maximum Interstory Drift (%) 75 76

Mean Values of Maximum Interstory Drifts Essential 9

9-story STMF (2/50 ground motions):
8
9-story ordinary
9 STMF
LA21(Kobe_2%in50yr)
7
LA23 (Loma Prieta_2%in50yr)
LA26 (Rinaldi_2%in50yr)
8 LA27 (Sylmar_2%in50yr)
LA30 (Tabas_2%in50yr)
6
Mean NEHRP floor acceleration for
7 5 Non-structurel components

LA02 (El Centro)

6 4 LA04 (Array #05)
Target Drift = 2.25% LA07 (Barstow)
LA09 (Yermo)
3
5 LA12 (Loma Prieta)
LA13 (Newhall)
LA17 (Sylmar)
2 LA18 (Sylmar-2)
4 LA19 (North Palm)

Essential 9-story 1
3 STMF 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5
Absolute Peak Floor Acceleration (g)
2% in 50 yrs
2 ground motions
Peak Floor Accelerations (10% in 50 year) and the NEHRP-specified
1
Design Acceleration for Acceleration-Sensitive nonstructural
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 components
Maximum Interstory Drift (%) 77 78

13
 El Centro Newhall Synthetic Sylmar

20 20
18 18
16 16

Target Drift

Target Drift
14 14
12 12

Story
Story
10 10
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
Maximum Story Drifts of Four 20- 0 0
Story Frames Designed with (a) 1.5% 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
Target Drift, (b) 2.0% Target Drift, Story Drift (%) Story Drift (%)

(c) 2.5% Target Drift, and (d) 3.0% (a) 1.5% Target Drift (b) 2.0% Target Drift
Target Drift under Four Earthquakes
20 20
18 18
16 16

Target Drift
Target Drift
14 14
12 12

Story
Story
10 10
8 8
6 6
4 4
Peak Floor Accelerations (10% in 50 year) and the NEHRP-specified 2 2
Design Acceleration for Acceleration-Sensitive nonstructural 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
components Story Drift (%) Story Drift (%)
79 (c) 2.5% Target Drift (d) 3.0% Target Drift 80

In Summary

1. The new seismic design procedure (PBPD) using

energy and plastic design concepts, and pre-selected
yield mechanism and target drift as performance
criteria, has been successfully applied to STMF to
achieve the desired performance.

2. Further experimental study is needed to validate the

PBPD methodology and the findings from this study.

3. Use of STMF and PBPD methodology should be

extended to include non-seismic forces, such as due to
extreme wind, blast, impact etc.

81

14