Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
100 MW CBM G
Gas b
based
dPPower P
Project
j t
Village- Hadaha,
District- Shahdol,
State- Madhya Pradesh
May, 2010
Consultant
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Annexure
Executive Summary E1-E6
Chapter-1. Introduction 1-7
1.1 Project Background 1
1.2 Justification of the Project 1
1.3 The Study 1
1.4 Location of The Project 3
1.5 Brief Legal Framework For EIA Study 4
1.6 Report Layout 6
Chapter-2. Project Description 8-12
2.1 Introduction 8
2.2 Process Description 8
2.3 Project Component 9
2.4 Plant layout 10
2.5 Mechanical system 11
2.6 Plant Water System 11
2.7 Source of pollution 12
Chapter-3. Baseline Environmental Status 13-31
3.1 Introduction 13
3.2 Physical Environment 14
3.3 Meteorology 16
3.4 Ambiant Air Quality 18
3.5 Ambiant Noise Quality 21
3.6 Water Environment 22
3.7 Ecological Environment 25
3.8 Socio-economic Environment 29
Chapter-4. Environment Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures 32-43
4.1 Impact Assessment 32
4.2 Impact During Construction Phase 32
4.3 Impact During Operation Phase 36
4.4 Impact statement 43
Chapter-5. Alternatives 44-45
5.1 Introduction 44
List of Tables
v
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EIA STUDYfor100MWCBMGasBasedPowerPlantatHadaha,
DistrictShadol,MadhyaPradesh LIST OF TABLES
Project Proponent-RelianceIndustriesLimited
vi
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EIA STUDYfor100MWCBMGasBasedPowerPlantatHadaha,District
Shadol,MadhyaPradesh LISTOFFIGURES
Project Proponent-RelianceIndustriesLimited
List of Figures
Figure No. Name of Figures
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EIA STUDYfor100MWCBMGasBasedPowerPlantatHadaha,District
Shadol,MadhyaPradesh LISTOF
ANNEXURE
Project Proponent-RelianceIndustriesLimited
List of Annexures
Annexure I ToR received from MPSEIAA
Annexure II Tor Compliance
Annexure III Standards
Annexure IV Hourly Meteorological Data
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Executive
Summary
EIA for 100 MW CBM Gas Based Power Plant at Executive
Hadaha, District Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh Summary
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. INTRODUCTION
The Reliance Group is India's largest private sector enterprise, with business in the
energy and materials value chain. The Group's annual revenues are in excess of USD
44.6 billion. The flagship company Reliance Industries Limited (RIL), is a Fortune
Global 500 company and is the largest private sector company in India. Major
Group Companies are Reliance Industries Limited, Reliance Retail Limited, and
Reliance Industrial Infrastructure Limited.
Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) proposes to develop a 100 MW Coal-bed Methane
gas-based power plant at village Hadaha, District- Shahdol in the state of Madhya
Pradesh.
The proposed site is around 15 km east of Shahdol district town and is located
adjacent to the National Highway (NH 78), which connects Katni to Gumla. The total
land requirement for the proposed project is 10 acres and water is not required as it
is proposed to use radiant cooling except for drinking and other domestic purposes.
The gas based thermal power plant is more environment friendly than the
conventional coal based thermal power plant. The methane gas contained in coal
deposits is a mixture of hydrocarbon gases. It is a clean fuel and when burnt does
not produce any SO2 or particulates and only half of the CO2 as associated with the
coal based power plants. The project is a proposed CDM project activity.
RIL has been allocated the Sohagpur East and West CBM blocks during the first
round of bidding of CBM blocks. The estimated production potential of these blocks
is around 3-4 million metric standard cubic meters per day (mmscmd). As of now RIL
has drilled around 26 wells as part of test production plan. Because of no end use of
the gas, the same is being flared. In order to prevent the flaring of the gas and to
utilize the test production, it is proposed to set up Gas Engine based power plants
having Open Cycle configuration.
RIL has appointed GIS Enabled Environment & Neo-graphic Centre (GreenC) to
carry out Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study for preparation of
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the proposed 100 MW CBM gas based
Thermal Power Plant (TPP).
EIA study has been conducted by examining the compliance of the project to the
applicable National Standards, laws and regulations and required mitigatory
measures. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been proposed accordingly.
2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The proposed site is located near Hadaha village in Shahdol Tehsil, District- Shahdol
of Madhya Pradesh. The nearest railway station is at Shahdol, 15 km from the site.
The site is accessible from NH-78 which connects Katni to Gumla. The nearest airport
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EIA for 100 MW CBM Gas Based Power Plant at Executive
Hadaha, District Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh Summary
is Jabbalpur (230 km). The River Son flows at a distance of about 800 m south-east to
north-west from the proposed plant site.
Land around 10 acres has been identified at Hadaha village. Land is already under
the possession of RIL. The altitude of the region is between 420-500 m above Mean
Sea Level (MSL). The coordinates of the plant site are as follows:
Latitude - 231624.7N to 23 1611.6N
Longitude - 813047.4E to 81 311.26E
Water requirement for the project will be insignificant as the plant is based on close
circuit radiant cooling system.
The basic fuel for the proposed project is CBM (Coal Bed Methane) gas. CBM gas
requirement for the plant is around 600,000 standard cubic meters per day (scmd)
having calorific value of 7750 kCal/m3. The requirement of CBM gas fuel will be met
from RILs Sohagpur CBM block. The gas would be transported from Gas Gathering
Station (GGS) to the power plant site through pipe line.
The power generated from the proposed plant will be evacuated through the
nearest 132 KV substation at Shahdol about 20 km from the site. This shall be
connected through 132 KV transmission line.
3. BASELINE ENVIRONMENT STATUS
The study area is 10 km radial distance from center of proposed plant site. All the
environmental parameters are monitored in various locations within the study area
during the period of December, 2009 to February, 2010.
The findings of the baseline environmental status on land (topography, geology, soil
quality, land use pattern), meteorology (Temperature, Humidity, rainfall, wind speed,
wind rose), air (ambient air quality - SPM, RSPM, SO2, NOX, Ozone), water (surface
water, groundwater), Noise level, ecological environment (flora and fauna), socio
economic conditions (demographic profile and households condition), have been
presented and interpreted with reference to environmental standards.
The proposed project site has average altitude of 475 m above MSL. The Son River is
flowing on the North-eastern side of the site flowing from South-east to North-west.
The soil is loamy. The pH of soil varies within the range of 6.4 to 7.2 and the bulk
density varies between 1.40 -1.48 g/cm3. The conductivity varies between 127 to 153
mhos/cm.
Water samples have been collected from 9 stations (5 for groundwater and 4 for
surface water).
Surface water: The pH of the surface water samples is found normal and ranges from
6.7 to 7.2. The TDS value ranges from 124 to 202 mg/l. The values of hardness,
calcium and magnesium, chloride, sulphate, nitrate values were also found within
the limits as per BIS (IS 10,500: 1991). The BOD values observed as 7.4 to 14.5 mg/l
indicates that these surface water bodies are slightly polluted in nature. In general,
the surface water quality of the Son River is good.
Ground water: It is found that the pH of the groundwater is normal, ranging from 6.4 to
7.4. The TDS values are in the range 242 to 375 mg/l. The hardness values range
between 152.0 to 245.3 mg/l and the calcium and magnesium are in the range of
31.5 to 57.3 mg/l and 17.8 to 24.8 mg/l respectively. The Chloride, alkalinity, nitrates
and sodium are all found within the limits of drinking water standard. The heavy
metals such as Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, and Mercury, were all found
below detection limits, whereas low concentrations of iron, copper and zinc were
found within drinking water standards. In general, the ground water can be used for
drinking purpose after necessary disinfection.
The maximum temperature during the study period was 27.8C while the minimum
was recorded at 11.1C. The Relative Humidity varied between 43.7% and 81.3%. The
predominant wind direction recorded was N followed by NW as the second
predominant. The average wind speed was found 5.2 kmph. No rainfall was
recorded during the study period.
Air quality: Ambient air quality at ten different locations was monitored during the
winter seasons for the period from December, 2009 to February, 2010. It was noted
that P98 value of SPM varied between 153.0 and 166.5 g/m3. The 24 hrs RSPM level of
ambient air in all the stations during monitoring period was recorded in the range
54.0 to 76.5 g/m3 as against allowable value of100 g/m3 stipulated in National
Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for residential cum rural area. Similarly values
of SO2 and NOX were in the range 14.0 to16.5 g/m3 and 15.5 to19.5 g/m3
respectively, which are well within the stipulated levels of NAAQS. The ozone level
varied from 6.7 to 7.5 g/m3. On the whole, the prevailing ambient air quality within
the study area is well within the NAAQS standard.
Noise level: The ambient noise levels monitored at different locations indicate that
the same was within the standards. The equivalent values of noise levels are 48.0 to
59.2dB (A) during daytime and 34.8 dB to 44.8 dB (A) during night time, which are
within the prescribed norms of CPCB.
There are no ecologically sensitive receptors or endangered species within the study
area. Fauna in the area consists of mammals (such as Indian Hare, wild boar,
monkeys, etc.) and reptiles (such as snakes and lizards).
Demographic profile: As per the 2001 Census, the total population of the study area is
around 70298. The number of households of villages in the Project Impact zone
within the 10 km radius are 14,971. The average family size of the area is 4.6 persons.
The scheduled caste population is 7.37% while the Scheduled Tribe population is
51.31%. The Literacy rate of the region is 39.26 %. The Workers Participation Rate is
44.21% of which main workers is 21.62% and marginal worker is 55.78%.
4. PREDICTION OF IMPACTS
Based on the impact analysis, it is predicted that there will be negligible impact on
environment during construction phase. During construction the likely impacts
include fugitive dust due to construction, movement of vehicles, gases from engine
exhaust, noise from movement of earth moving equipments, transportation of
material, etc.
The impact during the operation phase will be continuous in nature. The maximum
monitored background ambient air quality value was 19.5g/m3 for NOX. The
maximum resultant GLCs of the study area will be, 21.6g/m3 for NOX which is well
within the prescribed norms of CPCB.
Operation of the TPP will not have any long-term impact on water quality as it is
proposed to have zero discharge effluent from the plant.
There will not be any impact on land as the plant site will be in barren and
undeveloped land. It does not involve removal of much vegetation from the area.
Socio-economic environment of the people around the project site will improve due
to additional infrastructural facilities and allied employment opportunities.
5. ALTERNATIVES
The site for the power plant was selected after exploring three options. The present
site was selected based on various criteria such as proximity to the gas linkage, no
forest land and no R & R issue etc.
6. MONITORING PLAN
The Environment Management Cell will be responsible for managing following
activities related to environment function of proposed Power Plant:
Assist in detecting the development of any unwanted environmental
situation, and thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control
measures, and
Define the responsibilities of the project proponents, contractors and
environmental monitors and thus providing means of effectively
communicating environmental issues among them.
Evaluate the performance and effectiveness of mitigation measures
proposed in the Environment Management Plan (EMP) and suggest
improvements in management plan, if required,
Identify training requirement at various levels.
A well-defined environmental monitoring program would be emphasized with
trained and qualified staff that would monitor the ambient air as well as stack
emission quality to ensure that the pollutants level is maintained always within the
permissible levels.
7. RISK ASSESSMENT
The likely risks to man, environment and property associated with various activities
are addressed in this report. Such activities include transport, storage; handling and
usage of fuel (Methane). Precautionary measures to be taken for preventing any
hazards due to these materials are proposed in the report.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND
Availability of power is one of the major infrastructure requirements for industrial
development of a nation. Quality power at optimum cost is the catalyst for industrial
development. The task of development is very closely linked with uninterrupted and
adequate supply of power. Most of the activities leading to income generation as well as
the general improvement of the infrastructure facilities require a reliable source of power.
In a country like India, where the rate of economic growth has increased manifold over
the past decade, it is essential to ascertain a steady and sufficient generation of power.
However, in the present day context, Indian power sector is facing severe challenges in
terms of power production. Despite significant growth in generation over the past years, it
has been suffering from shortages and supply constraints.
Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) proposes to develop a 100 MW Coal-bed Methane gas-
based power plant at village Hadaha, District- Shahdol in the state of Madhya Pradesh.
The proposed site is around 15 km east of Shahdol district town and is located adjacent to
the National Highway (NH 78), which connects Katni to Gumla. The total land requirement
for the proposed project is 10 acres and water is not required as it is proposed to use
radiant cooling except for drinking and other purposes.
The gas based thermal power plant is more environment friendly than the coal based
thermal power plant. This methane gas contained in coal deposits is a mixture of
hydrocarbon gases. It is a clean fuel and when burnt does not produce any SO2 or
particulates and only half of the CO2 as associated with the coal based power plants. The
project is a proposed CDM project activity.
1.2 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION
RIL has been allocated the Sohagpur East and West CBM blocks during the first round of
bidding of CBM blocks. The estimated production potential of these blocks is around 3-4
million metric standard cubic meters per day (mmscmd). As of now RIL has drilled around
26 wells as part of test production plan. Because of no end use of the gas, the same is
being flared. In order to prevent the flaring of the gas and to utilize the test production, it is
proposed to set up Gas Engines based power plants having Open Cycle configuration.
1.3 THE STUDY
1.3.1 Purpose of the Study
As per the Environmental Impact Assessment Notification dated 14th September 2006,
establishment of new power plants below 500MW requires prior environment clearance
from State Expert Appraisal Committee before the commencement of ground activity.
RIL has appointed GIS Enabled Environment and Neo-graphic Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar
Pradesh to prepare the Environment Impact Assessment report for the proposed 100 MW
CBM gas based power plant to be developed in two phases of 50 MW each and to
facilitate environment clearance for the same from State Expert Appraisal Committee.
In line with the EIA notification 2006, Terms of Reference (ToR) for the proposed plant was
issued by State Level Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC) for Environmental Appraisal (vide
No. 146/ PS-MS/ MPPCB/SEAC/ TOR(45)/2010 Bhopal, dt.18/02/2010) (Annexure I).
The purpose of the report is to integrate different environmental factors into project
planning and decision making by studying probable changes in the various environment,
socio-economic and bio-physical characteristics, which will result from the proposed
project, so as to achieve sustainable development. The purpose of the study is to identify
environmental risks, reduce conflicts by promoting community participation, minimize
adverse environmental impacts and keep decision makers informed thus laying base for
environmentally sound project, such that the benefits shall be observed at all the stages of
the project starting from conceptualization to planning, design, construction and
operation.
1.3.2 Scope of the Study
The scope of the study is as per the ToR issued by the State Level Expert Appraisal
Committee (SEAC). This EIA report addresses the environmental impacts of the proposed
project. The TOR compliance statement is given in Annexure II.
Field studies were conducted during winter season (December 2009 to February 2010) to
determine the existing conditions of various environmental attributes as outlined in Table
1.1.
Table-1.1: Environmental Attributes and Frequency of Monitoring
S. No. Attributes Parameters Frequency
Estimation of SPM, RPM, SO2, 24 hourly samples twice a week for
1. Ambient Air Quality
NOX and Ozone three months at ten locations.
Wind speed and direction, Near Project site continuous for
Temperature, Relative three months with hourly recording
2. Meteorology
humidity, Rainfall and Cloud and from secondary sources like
Cover IMD station at Pendra Road.
Grab samples were collected
Physical, Chemical and once during study period at 5
3. Water quality
Bacteriological parameters. ground water and 4 surface water
locations.
Existing terrestrial and
Secondary data was collected
4. Ecology aquatic flora and fauna
from the forest department.
within 10-Km radius circle.
At 5 locations once during EIA
5. Noise levels Noise levels in dB (A)
study.
Once during study period at 5
6. Soil Characteristics Soil quality
locations
Land use classification for Based on Survey of India topo-
7. Land use
different categories sheet and satellite imagery
Drainage Pattern & Drainage area and pattern, Based on data collected from
8.
Hydrology nature of streams secondary sources
9. Risk Assessment Identify areas where disaster Risk assessment and modeling
Availability of adequate and uninterrupted supply of fuel: RIL has been allocated
the Sohagpur East and West CBM blocks. The CBM Block is located in vicinity of
the proposed power plant site. Gas will be supplied by laying pipeline from CBM
gas collection center to the plant site.
Availability of Water: Water will be required only for drinking and other purposes,
as the plant is based on radiant cooling method.
Accessibility to Site: The site is well connected to the Katni- Gumla NH-78. The
nearest railway station Shahdol is 15 km away from the site
The general environment conditions applicable to set up a Gas based Power Plant site
have also been taken into consideration. Location of proposed Power plant is not within
25 km from the outer periphery of the following:
Metropolitan Cities
National Park and wildlife sanctuaries
The chimney does not fall in the approach funnel of a runaway of any airport
No forestland or prime agricultural land is acquired for setting up the plant
The site is not in the vicinity (10 km) radius of places of archaeological, religious or
tourist importance.
1.5 BRIEF LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR EIA STUDY
1.5.1 Environment Legislation
The environmental regulations, legislations and policy guidelines and control that may
impact the project are the responsibility of a variety of Government agencies. The
principal environmental regulatory agency in India is the Ministry of Environment and
Forest (MoEF), Delhi.
Many State and Central legislations have a bearing on environment but laws on
environment protection have been notified recently. These legal enactments can be
broadly classified in the terms of focus areas, viz. pollution, natural resources and linkages
between pollution and natural resources. The important environmental legislations related
to environmental clearance for new projects are briefly described in the Table 1.3.
The MoEF is the nodal agency to set up policy and standards for the protection of
environment, along with Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). This includes air, noise,
water and hazardous waste standards. The relevant standards, which are of significance
to the proposed project, are discussed in the section below.
Table 1.3: Key Environment Legislations
Name Scope and Objectives Key Areas Operational Agencies
Water (Prevention To provide for prevention Control of sewage Central and State
and Control of & control of water and industrial Pollution Control
Pollution) Act 1974 pollution and enhancing effluent discharges Boards
water quality
Air (Prevention and To provide for the Controls emission Central and State
Control of Pollution) prevention and control of and air pollutants Pollution Control
Act 1981 air pollution Boards
Forest Conservation To halt rapid deforestation Restriction on de- Central Government
Act 1980 & resulting environment reservation & using
Stage I
Scoping for
Terms of STUDY & ASSESSMENT
OF PROPOSED PROJECT
BACKGROUND ENVIRONMENTAL
DATA GENERATION
Reference
Stage II FIELD MONITORING COLLECTION
OF SECONDARY DATA
Environmental
Impact Climate, air, water, land use, soil, drainage,
geology, noise, socio-economic, etc.
Assessment
Stage III ASSESSMENT OF THE
BACKGROUND ENVIRONMENT
Public
Hearing PREDICTION OF General EIA
PROBABLE IMPACTS
Stage IV Methodology
EVALUATION OF
Appraisal IMPACTS & RISK ASSESSMENT
Stage V
EMP
EMP Monitoring Plan
Monitoring Plan
Clearance
Ecological environment describes the flora and fauna of the region. Human aspect
includes the demographical features and socio-economic environment of the study area.
Chapter 4: Anticipated Environment Impacts & Mitigation Measures: This chapter provides
the details of the Environmental Impact Assessment of the project during construction and
operation stages. It ascertains the impacts of the proposed project on the various
components of environment. The mathematical modeling exercises pertaining to ground
level concentrations of air pollutants have been presented in this chapter with suitable
mitigation measures.
Chapter 5: Alternatives: This chapter describes systematic comparisons of feasible
alternatives for the proposed project site, technology, and operational alternatives.
Alternatives have been compared in terms of their potential environmental impacts,
capital and recurrent costs, suitability under local conditions.
Chapter 6: Environment Monitoring Plan: This chapter emphasizes the formation of an
Environment Management cell with trained staff under senior Environment Engineer
equipped with all monitoring facilities for monitoring of all environmental Parameters
during construction as well as Post project monitoring. Organization structure for
environmental management and frequency of monitoring has also been provided.
Chapter 7: Additional Studies: A summary of the additional studies/activities conducted as
per the requirements of the TOR is given in this chapter. A brief description of the Public
Hearing will also be incorporated in this chapter.
Chapter 8: Project Benefits: The benefits that will be accrued from the project in the
locality in particular and society in general as well as developmental activities will be
identified and described in this chapter.
Chapter 9: Environment Management Plan: This chapter deals with the management plan
incorporating recommendations to mitigate the adverse impact likely to occur on
environmental parameters during construction and operation phase of the proposed
power plant. Aspects such as green belt development, rainwater harvesting, etc are
described in the chapter.
Chapter 10: Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan: This chapter provides
information regarding the activities associated with the project likely to pose a risk to man,
environment or property. Such activities include displacement, transport, handling and
usage of fuel like CBM gas, It also provides details regarding precautionary measures to
be taken. On-site disaster management describing the on-site and off-site emergencies
commands and controls have also been described in this chapter.
Chapter 11: Clean Development Mechanism: This chapter deals with the concept of CDM
and describes the methodology for GHGs emission reduction.
Chapter 12: Disclosure of the Consultant: The detailed profile of the consultants along with
their capabilities and experience are highlighted in this chapter.
2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 INTRODUCTION
Reliance Industries Limited proposes to install 100 MW CBM gas based Thermal Power
Plant in District Shahdol of Madhya Pradesh. The main objective of setting up a gas based
power plant is to generate power in an environmentally sustainable manner.
2.2 PROCESS DESCRIPTION
Gas from the CBM Gathering Stations is fed through pipeline to the gas
conditioning skid for pressure modulation and moisture removal (if any)
Gas is compressed to achieve required gas pressure for combustion in gas engines.
Charge air for combustion is compressed in turbochargers for improved
efficiencies.
Turbocharged air and fuel gas are mixed in a pre chamber and combusted in the
4-Stroke internal combustion gas engines.
The gas engine drives the alternator which generates power at 11 kV. This is
stepped-up to 132 kV level through transformer for evacuation purpose.
The typical process scheme involved in Open Cycle Power Plant (OCPP) is given below in
Figure 2.1.
Fig2.2LayoutPlanforOCPP
EIA for 100 MW CBM Gas Based Power Plant at 2.
Hadaha, District Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh Project
Description
All other non-plant buildings such as security building, administrative building etc. would
be located suitably as per functional requirement. A sufficient green belt will be provided
for maintaining the ecological balance of the plant site. All electrical distribution
equipment will be located in the power plant area.
2.5 MECHANICAL SYSTEM
Gas engine and auxiliary equipments shall be designed and constructed for the rating,
type of service, fuel, installation and environmental conditions specified in the Project
Specifications. Gas engine and auxiliary equipment shall be mechanically suitable to run
up to the trip speed setting. Housing for enclosing of moving parts, shaft seals and parts
shall generally be designed to minimize the entrance of dust and moisture during
operation and periods of idleness. The Gas engine and auxiliary equipment (including all
piping) shall be designed to prevent leakage of oil/water/air. All equipments shall be
designed to permit rapid and economical maintenance. Major parts shall be shouldered
or doweled to ensure accurate alignment on assembly.
2.5.1 Gas Engine
The Gas engine shall be turbo charged. The Gas engine continuous power and bare
engine output shall be rated in accordance with the data sheet and BS 5514 Part 1. The
Gas engine shall be guaranteed to deliver the rated output at the rated speed for the
required site conditions with no tolerance. The actual engine fuel heat rate shall not
exceed the guaranteed heat rate.
2.5.2 Engine Fuel System
The engine shall be supplied as complete with all required systems to handle fuel gas
system which shall include water, sediment trap and clean out drain.
2.5.3 Engine Cooling System
The main task of the cooling system is to provide adequate cooling of critical engine
components Such as cylinder jackets, cylinder heads and turbochargers as well as to cool
the lubrication oil and charge air entering the cylinders after it has been compressed by
the turbocharger. The engine cooling water cools the low temperature charge air cooler,
lubricating oil cooler, high temperature charge air cooler and engine jackets in a
common single-circuit radiator.
All heat exchangers are mounted to the engine respectively to the module base frame,
complete with interconnecting pipe work. The engine-mounted intercooler is of two stage
design. The first stage is integrated with the warm water circuit. The second stage requires
low temperature water. The engine mounted lube oil heat exchanger is not integrated.
The heat must be taken away by a separate cooling circuit.
2.6 PLANT WATER SYSTEM
The water requirement of Gas engines is very insignificant & the total requirement will also
be optimized. The only requirements like service water, fire water and potable water has
been considered. The Water requirements during construction phase of the project will be
arranged locally by the EPC contractor.
The oldest group of rocks comprising of Archaeans and Proterozoic formation constitute
nearly 45% area of the State. The next younger formation of Carboniferous to lower
Cretaceous comprising Gondwana Super Group covers 10% area while the formation of
Cretaceous to Paleocene comprising mostly of Deccan Trap basalt constitutes 38% area
of the State. The project area is
mainly represented by unclassified Table 3.2: Details of Soil Sampling Locations
gneissic complex. Gondwana rocks Distance w.r.t. Direction w.r.t.
representing terrestrial facies covers in Sl. No. Location Code Plant Site Plant Site
linear graben are exposed in the 1. On-Site S1 - -
central part as E-W trending Rewa 2. Harhi S2 1.0km S
Basins and NW-SE trending Mahanadi
3. Semra S3 1.8km S
Basin. Quaternary alluvial fills are also
present in this area. 4. Deori S4 3.5 km NE
5. Burhar S5 6.0 km SE
3.2.3 Soil
Source: Field Monitoring
Assessment of soil quality is an
important aspect with reference to tree plantations, percolation of water, groundwater
Temperature: During the winter season, the average temperature varied between
25.1C to 11.8C.
Relative Humidity: The mean Relative Humidity of the area was found to be 56%.
Wind Speed: The mean wind speed was 5.3 kmph.
Wind Direction: The predominant wind direction was north, while North-West was
the second predominant.
3.2.1 On-Site Meteorological Data
The meteorological conditions at the project site will regulate the transport and diffusion of
air pollutants released into the atmosphere. A sophisticated Automatic Weather Station
(WM 250) had been installed at the site. The climatology details of the site are given in
Table 3.6.
Table 3.6: Micro-meteorological Data (December 2009-February 2010)
Parameter Max. Min. Mean
Temperature(0C) 27.8 11.1 19.8
Relative Humidity (%) 81.3 43.7 61.1
Average Wind Speed (km/hrs) 5.2
Predominant Wind Direction North
Source: On-site monitoring by GREENC
Temperature: It can be seen from the above table that the temperature recorded during
the study period had a minimum reading of 11.1C and a maximum of 27.8C.
The area generally has low levels of pollutants in ambient air, which is well within the
National Ambient Air Quality Standards for residential or rural areas. This is due to the
absence of any major pollution-generating source in the vicinity.
3.5 AMBIENT NOISE QUILITY
The ambient noise levels equivalent for 1-hour duration at 5 different locations were
recorded keeping in view with the traffic movement and other noise generating activities
in the region. The details of the monitoring stations are given in Table 3.14 and illustrated in
Figure 3.7. The field results of the ambient noise level as monitored during the study period
are reported in Table 3.15.
Table 3.14: Ambient Noise Quality Monitoring Locations
The hourly recorded noise level at various locations in the study area shows fluctuations
because of change in traffic movement, and domestic activities. There are no industrial
sources in the vicinity. The equivalent values of noise levels are 48.0 to 59.2dB (A) during
daytime and 34.8 dB to 44.8 dB (A) during night time, which are within the prescribed
norms of CPCB.
Table 3.15: Ambient Noise Level
Day Night
Noise Location
L Max L Min L equ L10 L50 L90 L Max L Min L equ L10 L50 L90
Harhi- Onsite (N1) 59.2 47.3 54.7 57.5 54.5 48.3 44.8 37.2 41.3 44.5 39.6 37.5
Burhar (N2) 55.8 42.9 51.2 54.2 50.2 44.7 41.5 32.5 37.9 41.2 36.7 32.9
Kanchanpur (N3) 49.6 37.6 45.6 48.4 44.8 41.1 38.5 28.3 34.8 38.2 32.3 29.8
Naukharia (N4) 48.6 35.6 45.1 47.9 44.5 39.6 38.9 30.0 35.0 37.6 34.4 30.1
Lalpur (N5) 55.0 40.0 50.6 53.8 49.7 43.4 41.2 34.0 38.3 40.7 37.8 34.8
Source: On-site monitoring by GREENC
3.6 WATER ENVIRONMENT
3.6.1 Sources of Water in the Study Area
The north-westerly flowing Son River forms the main drainage channel of the study area.
The major features existing in and around the study area include the Son River flowing
from southeast (SE) to northwest (NW) direction within the study area. Jamuniah and
Ghorsa nallah are draining from SW in the Son river whereas Kesar and Nagua nallah are
joining river Son from east direction. The study area has an important pond in Semra and
Sarpha River in kanchanpur, which is draining in Son River.
3.6.2 Water Monitoring Locations
Water samples were collected from five locations for Groundwater and four locations for
surface water. These water samples were analyzed in laboratory as per the methods
described In APHA, 2005. The details of the ground water and surface water sampling
locations are mentioned in Table 3.16.
Table 3.16: Water Sampling Stations
S. No. Name of Location Station Code Water source Distance (kms) Direction
Ground Water
1. On site GW1 Bore-well - -
2. Harhi GW2 Open-well 0.5 S
3. Semra GW3 Bore-well 1.3 SE
4. Deori GW4 Bore-well 3.5 NE
Fauna of the region: Faunal composition is an important part of the terrestrial ecology. In
the proposed ecosystem the area is covered by thick forest. So it is natural that there are
possibilities of wild animals in the dense forest. The terrestrial fauna of the region are
mentioned in the Table 3.20.
The numbers of households of villages in the study area within the 10 km radius are 14971
with average family size of 4.6 persons. This indicates the family size is not very big in the
area and there is a predominance of nuclear families.
The literacy rate in the study area is 39.26% whereas the female literacy rate is only
28.09%.The area has 5184 of Scheduled Caste and 36074 of Scheduled Tribe population.
Infrastructure Status: Study area is very poor in infrastructure facilities. Most of the houses in
study area are kutcha houses. Pucca and Semi Pucca houses are almost absent in the
study area. Road condition of the area is also not so good for motor driving. Hence, the
proposed project will help to improve the infrastructure condition in a sustainable manner.
Educational Facilities: Most of the villages in the Study Area have Primary Schools and
middle schools. However, the secondary and senior secondary schools are rare in the
study area. Only 2 villages have secondary and higher secondary facilities.
Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in the study area are very poor. Only 3 villages are
having Primary Health Centre and 7 Primary Health Sub Centres are there out of 58 villages
in the study area. None of the villages in the study area have hospitals, maternity home or
child welfare facility.
Drinking Water Supply: Open well and Hand-pumps are the main water sources in the
study area. Only two villages in the study area are fitted with the tap and tube well
facilities.
Communication System: The 2001 census record indicates that 11 villages out of 58 in the
study area have post-office facility. Few villages have telephone connections in the study
area.
Table 3.22: Infrastructure Facilities
Facilities Types of each facilities Status Range of distances of facilities
Primary School 82(57) 1(2), 2(1)
Education Secondary School 2(2)
Facilities Senior Secondary School 2(2)
College 0
Medical Primary Health Center 85 1(13), 2(17), 3(25)
Facilities Primary Health Sub Center 7
Environment Parameters
Flora / Fauna
Employment
Topography
Air Quality
Hydrology
Land-use
Services
Housing
Activities
The overall impact on water environment during construction phase due to the proposed
project would be short term duration and insignificant.
4.2.5 Impact on Soil Environment
Site preparation activities (like site clearing and leveling, excavation, earth movement)
and construction activities would result into permanent loss of topsoil of the construction
area. The eroded soil may also get carried away by winds and get deposited on the
surrounding area, thereby interfering in the free gaseous exchange of the plants. These
impacts are envisaged to be insignificant because of the following reasons:
It shall be confined to the construction areas.
Removed topsoil may be utilized for landscaping and land improvement in other
areas, which are not under construction.
Afforestation and green belt development will be undertaken during which would
help in confining these impacts to construction areas by creating a physical
barrier.
4.2.6 Impact on Ecological Environment
The initial construction work at the project site involves land clearance. However, no forest
land is involved at the project site.
All the construction work will be carried out in the premises of the plant boundary only.
Development of Green belt all around the project will be started along with the
construction activities to contain the dust and noise due to construction activities within
the plant boundary. Therefore, no impact on the ecological environment is proposed due
to the construction activity of the project.
4.2.7 Impact on Social Environment
4.2.7.1 Construction Impact
The project will provide either direct or indirect job opportunities to the local population as
far as possible. There will be some migration of skilled labor force from outside the study
area during construction phase, which may put some pressure on the local settlements
and resources. Considering the size and type of construction activities envisaged the
immigration of work force for construction phase (including contractor labours) would
have marginal impact on demography (e.g. changes in total population, sex ratio,
literacy level, main workers etc.) of the immediate vicinity area. In addition, the socio-
economic status of the area may improve due to flow of men, material and money.
Infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, fuel, restroom, medical facilities, safety etc.
during construction phase is proposed to be provided for the labour force during
construction as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during operation
phase.
The positive impacts of these may lead to the following:
Increase in employment opportunity to non-workers in the study area as non-
skilled and semi-skilled workers.
Growth of services (like retail shops, automobile workshops, etc.) and increase in
employment and trade opportunities in service sector.
Increase in per capita income and overall economic upliftment of the area and
improvement in transport, communication, health and educational services.
The negative impacts could be summarized as follows:
Strain on civic amenities (like road, transport, communication, water supply and
sanitation, health care and recreational utilities etc.) due to increase in floating
population.
Increase in consumer prices of indigenous services and produces like egg, fish,
vegetables, milk, etc.
It is difficult to assess the above impacts quantitatively on a measurable scale. However,
most of these impacts will be short term and limited to the construction period only. The
increase in employment opportunities (project and service sector) and overall economic
upliftment of the area is certain to happen.
4.2.7.2 Traffic Congestion
Traffic volume on nearby roads will take place due to movement of heavy vehicles
(HEMMs) during the construction phase, which may cause public inconvenience. This will
have minimal affect considering the size and nature of the Project.
A traffic management plan for the area will be developed to ease the situation. The
following arrangement would be made to ease the situation.
Existing roads will be strengthened, if required, for transportation of material,
goods etc.
Drivers of trucks / dumpers engaged in construction work will be instructed to give
way to passenger buses, cars etc to avoid inconvenience to public transport
system.
Transport of construction materials and machineries shall be carried out during
lean traffic period of the day or during night.
4.3 IMPACT DURING OPERATION PHASE
The impact during the operation phase will be continuous in nature. For a gas-based plant
of this capacity (100 MW) the potentials for imparting adverse impacts is not high.
However whatever impact on environment is present will be minimized through
incorporation of efficient technologies for pollution control measures.
4.3.1 Impact on Land-use
At the end of construction phase, the modified land-use pattern would gradually stabilize
during the operation phase. The top soil released from construction activities would be put
to other uses such as additional plantations. The major envisaged topographical changes
would be due to the manmade structures like civil structures and industrial complex. The
implementation of the project with its stacks and other structures may alter the landscape
to some extent. However, development of green belts will compensate for the change in
the existing landscape.
4.3.2 Impact on Air Quality
4.3.2.1 Air Modeling
The impact on ambient air quality is assessed hereunder considering the following:
The air quality impacts have been predicted for the proposed power plant
assuming that the pollution due to the existing activities has already been
covered under baseline environmental monitoring.
Site-specific meteorological parameters have been recorded by continuous
monitoring. Short term 24 hourly GLC's incremental values were estimated using
the site-specific meteorological conditions.
The various measures proposed to minimize the pollution from the power plant are as
follows:
Plant will use CBM gas as the fuel. Therefore, no emission of the particulate matter
and Sulphur Dioxide is envisaged due to the project.
A multi-flue chimney of height 30 mts for wider dispersal of pollutants.
Model and Methodology for Computation
The predictions for air quality during operation phase were carried out for oxides of
Nitrogen (NOX) concentration using Air Quality model Industrial Source Complex Version
99155 (ISCST3) developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in 1995 for
atmospheric dispersion of stack emissions from point source.
The options used for short-term computations are:
The plume rise is estimated by Briggs formulae, but the final rise is always limited to that of the
mixing layer;
Stack tip down-wash is not considered;
Buoyancy Induced Dispersion is used to describe the increase in plume dispersion during the
ascension phase;
Calms processing routine is used by default;
Flat terrain is used for computations;
It is assumed that the pollutants do not undergo any physico-chemical transformation and that
there is no pollutant removal by dry deposition;
Cartesian co-ordinate system has been used for computations; and
Meteorological Data
Data recorded at the continuous weather monitoring station on wind speed, direction,
and temperature at one-hour interval for three months [Dec, 2009 to Feb, 2010] was used
as meteorological input.
Stability Classification
The percentage occurrence of stability class for the monitoring period and used for the
model is given in the Table 4.3.
Table 4.3: Stability Classification
Stability Class Frequency of Occurrence
A 17.1
B 12.4
C 18.9
D 24.6
E 12.8
F 14.2
Mixing Height
As site specific mixing heights were not available, mixing heights based on CPCB
publication, Spatial Distribution of Hourly Mixing Depth over Indian Region, Probes/
88/2002-03 has been considered for Industrial Source Complex model to establish the
worst case scenario. Mixing heights considered for modeling are in Table 4.4
Table 4.4: Mixing Height
Hour of the day Time period (Dec to Feb) Mixing Heights (mts)
7 50.0
8 50.0
9 200.0
10 500.0
11 800.0
12 1000.0
13 1000.0
14 1200.0
15 1200.0
16 1000.0
17 1000.0
18 700.0
* - For remaining hours mixing heights has been considered as 50 m.
tabulated in Table 4.5. The impact line (Isopleths) of the incremental GLC of NOX is shown
in Fig 4.1.
Table- 4.5: Cumulative Resultant Concentrations after Plant Operation
On 24 Hourly basis in g/m3
From the above table it is observed that the ground level concentrations of the NOX (after
implementation of project) will be well within the prescribed standards of MoEF.
10000
8000
6000
4000
5
2000
0 4
-2000
3
-4000
-6000
1
-8000
-10000
-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Fig 4.1- Incremental Impact Isopleths for NOX (24 hourly basis)
Lp (Total) is the resultant cumulative sound pressure level due to N separate sources. The
cumulative impact from different stationary noise sources at proposed project site has
been predicted at different distances using the above model.
The cumulative impact from different stationary noise sources at proposed project site has
been predicted using the above model. It was found that the ambient noise is higher than
predicted levels therefore, due to the masking effect, an increase is not expected.
There will be no negative health impact on the people as the proposed plant will be gas-
based and will not emit SO2 and SPM level will also not go up.
The land prices in the area adjacent to the roads and near the plant will increase due to
better accessibility and approach.
Overall it can be said that there will be marginal impact on the socio-economic condition
of the locality and the impact will be mostly positive.
4.4 IMPACT STATEMENT
An attempt has been made in this EIA report to evaluate the impact of the proposed 100
MW CBM Gas-based Thermal Power Plant on the environment, both in terms of quality as
well as in quantity. The environmental parameters considered are those that are
envisaged to be affected due to the proposed plant. The parameters include air, water,
noise and land.
It is evident from above that the various mitigation measures proposed to be adopted
during the construction and operation phase would greatly reduce the scale of
environmental impacts.
5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
5.1 INTRODUCTION
Setting up of a CBM gas based thermal power project involves project justification and
techno-economic analysis of various alternatives available for distance from Gas station,
power generation and evacuation and pollution control. An attempt has, therefore, been
made to choose the techno-economically optimum option available for the inputs and
power plant components. This section summarizes the study of analysis of various
alternatives considered.
5.2 ALTERNATIVES OF THE SITE
For locating a CBM gas based Thermal Power Plant, various factors such as availability of
infrastructure and inputs, integration of the technological equipment and systems with
specific features of the site, etc. is considered. The proposed TPP site has been selected on
the basis of general guidelines applicable to set up a Power Plant by MoEF.
The selection of the project site was based on the following aspects:
Access to gas gathering station (GGS);
Existing infrastructure and accessibility;
Minimum relocation and rehabilitation of affected people
Maximize use of barren land
Minimum involvement of forest land;
Existing Infrastructure and accessibility;
Power Evacuation facilities;
Considering the MoEF criteria and using remote sensing data, initially, three sites were
selected in Shadhol district based on distance to gas station, existing transport network,
availability of land, least R&R issues and forest & prime agriculture land involved. Site
Prioritization Matrix (in terms of rank) was prepared and Site I was eventually selected.
Table 5.1: Analysis of Alternate Sites
Sr.No. Properties Hadaha RS Land Lalpur
1 Area 10 acres 13 Acres 117 Acres
2 Ownership Private Land Mostly Private Land Government and
Private land
3 Distance from Around 800 mts Around 3000 Mtrs. Around 5000 Mtrs.
Gas source
4 Habitation Barren land, no R&R issues involved R&R issues involved
habitation in surrounding
5 Land Profile Partially Flat Flat Partially Flat
6 Fertility Non Fertile Non Fertile Non Fertile
7 Approach Approachable in all Approachable in all Approachable in all
seasons seasons seasons.
As seen from Table 5.1, Site I was found to be the best suited site for the power plant on the
following basis.
Proposed site is located adjacent to the National Highway (NH 78), which connects
Katni with Gumla.
No forest land involved
No homestead displacement
Distance from gas gathering station is the least.
Land is non-fertile in nature.
No ecological sensitive areas in vicinity of around 10 kms.
5.3 FUEL ALTERNATIVES
The CBM gas was preferred for the proposed project because of the following reasons:
The CBM Block is located in vicinity of the proposed power plant site.
Economically viable from transportation point of view due to close proximity of the
gas station source
The project is proposed Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project activity.
5.4 ANALYSIS FOR ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY
The selection of equipment and systems for the plant has to be based on their suitability for
the type of fuel proposed for the plant as well as on track records of these equipment /
systems, etc. for the intended purpose. Selection of technology and equipment for
proposed power project has been done with these considerations.
5.4.1 Benefits of CBM Gas Based Thermal Power Plant
Significant reduction in CO2 emissions.
CBM gas has no sulfur.
No solid waste generation.
Water requirement is insignificant.
Gas engines in Open cycle have significantly higher efficiency compared to Gas
Turbine based Open Cycle plants.
Overall reduction in Auxiliary Power Consumption.
6.5 INFRASTRUCTURE
List of equipment required for Environmental Monitoring is presented in Table 6.3.
Table 6-3: Laboratory Equipment Required For Environmental Monitoring
S. No. Equipment Quantity
I Meteorology
1. Automatic Weather Station with data logger 1 Set
II Stack and Ambient Air
1. Respirable Dust Sampler/HVS 2 Sets
2. DG set 1 Set
3. Stack Emission Kit with necessary Accessories 1 Set
III Noise
1. Integrated Noise Level Meter with Frequency Analyzer and data logger 1 Set
IV Water
1. BOD Incubator 1 No.
2. Bacteriological Incubator 1 No.
3. Oven 1 No.
4. Muffle Furnace 1 No.
5. Analytical Balance ( Single Pan Digital ) 1 No.
6.6 BUDGET
The estimated capital costs to be incurred by the project proponent for undertaking
pollution prevention measures at the plant are provided in Table 6.4.
Table 6-4: Cost Provision for Environmental Measures
S. No. Description of item Cost (Rs. In Crores)
1 Control of fire and explosion system 8.50
2 Plant waste treatment system 1.00
3 Sewage collection, Treatment & Disposal (STP) 1.50
4 Environmental monitoring lab equipment 0.50
5 Green Belt Development 0.30
Total 11.80
As is evident from the table above, the one-time cost for installing pollution control
equipments, development of green belt and setting up of laboratory for sample testing
will be approximately Rs. 11.8 crores. Other than the above the annual recurring cost for
monitoring and green belt maintenance will be about Rs. 15 lacs.
7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES
7.1 INTRODUCTION
As per the conditions of the Terms of Reference given by EAC for preparation of the
EIA/EMP Report, several studies were to be conducted to provide a clear picture of the
project area. The suggested studies/activities were:
7.2 PUBLIC HEARING AND CONSULTATION
As per the conditions of the TOR issued by MPSEIAA and the EIA Notification 2006, public
consultation will be held for the project. Public Consultation refers to the process by
which the concerns of local affected persons and others who have plausible stake in the
environmental impacts of the project or activity are ascertained with a view to taking into
account all the material concerns in the project or activity design as appropriate. Public
consultation process comprises of two parts, viz Public Hearing and written response from
stakeholders.
The Public Hearing shall be arranged in a systematic, time bound and transparent manner
ensuring widest possible public participation at the project site(s) or in its close proximity
District -wise, by the concerned State Pollution Control Board (SPCB). The EIA report will be
submitted to the State Pollution Control Board along with other relevant documents and
additional studies. The SPCB will process the application for Public Hearing and conduct
the hearing within 45 days of the application.
For obtaining responses in writing from other concerned persons having a plausible stake
in the environmental aspects of the project or activity, the concerned regulatory authority
and the State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) or the Union territory Pollution Control
Committee (UTPCC) shall invite responses from such concerned persons by placing on
their website the Summary EIA report along with a copy of the application in the
prescribed form, within seven days of the receipt of a written request for arranging the
public hearing. Confidential information including non-disclosable or legally privileged
information involving Intellectual Property Right, source specified in the application shall
not be placed on the web site. The regulatory authority concerned may also use other
appropriate media for ensuring wide publicity about the project or activity. The regulatory
authority shall, however, make available on a written request from any concerned person
the Draft EIA report for inspection at a notified place during normal office hours till the
date of the public hearing. All the responses received as part of this public consultation
process shall be forwarded to the applicant through the quickest available means.
After completion of the public consultation, the applicant shall address all the material
environmental concerns expressed during this process, and make appropriate changes in
the draft EIA and EMP. The final EIA report, so prepared, shall be submitted by the
applicant to the MoEF for appraisal. The applicant may alternatively submit a
supplementary report to draft EIA and EMP addressing all the concerns expressed during
the public consultation.
8. PROJECT BENEFITS
8.1 INTRODUCTION
The 100 MW CBM Gas-based Power Project will improve the standard of living of the
native population by providing employment opportunities through ancillary and
associated industries and improved infrastructure better roads, education facilities,
medical facilities and communication facilities.
8.2 IMPROVEMENT IN THE PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
At present, the infrastructure facilities of the study area are not well developed. Facilities
such as water supply, power supply are almost non-existent. The proposed thermal power
project will help in solving all these problems. Project proponents is committed to develop
the surrounding area in a well coordinated and balanced manner while safe guarding the
environmental and social aspects.
Rural Welfare and Community Development activity will include vocational guidance and
supporting employment oriented and income generation projects like cottage industries
by developing local skills, using local raw materials and help creating marketing outlets.
Training would be provided to the eligible local people for attaining skills in construction
field with recognized institutions. Reliance Industries Limited shares the amenities and
facilities with members of the local community.
Wherever possible, Reliance Industries Limited shall provide infrastructure to help setup
local schools, centers for primary learning and education, repair/construction of existing
primary schools in neighboring villages.
It is usually envisaged that setting up of a plant helps in developing the infrastructure of
the locality.
8.3 IMPROVEMENT IN THE SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Implementation of the project shall enhance economic growth of the area in general.
Cost of land and other properties in the area will be increase.
The proposed project is expected to contribute towards improvement in quality of life of
local people and it shall generate inputs for industrial / economic development in the
region. The following measures are suggested for minimizing the adverse impacts on socio-
economic and human interest:
Communication with the local community should be institutionalized on regular
basis by the project authorities to provide as opportunity for mutual discussion
For social welfare activities to be undertaken by the project authorities,
collaboration may be sought with local administration, Gram Panchayat, Block
Development Office etc. for better co-ordination.
In order to maintain good Industrial Relations and to implement the project smoothly,
following facilities have been envisaged at the proposed project:
The hazards associated with the above are detailed in the following sections. The broad
risk assessment methodology for evaluating and assessing risks from handling and storage
of CBM gas was:
1. Identification of hazards arising from storage and process
2. Establish failure frequencies for selected scenarios
3. Perform Consequence Analysis
4. Assess the vulnerability
5. Provide Risk Reduction Strategies including emergency plans
10.3 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Hazard identification is one tool by which hazards associated with a chemical can be
properly identified for further assessment and more importantly adequate safety measures
can be adopted to screen off personnel from exposure to the same.
The following main hazards may exist in the plant under the situations given below-
HAZARD POTENTIAL LOCATION
High temperature and pressure. Gas Engine, Generator Area
4. A dry spot in the ground or vegetation that appears to be dead for no apparent
reason
5. Frozen ground in warm weather.
6. Bubbling water can indicate a CBM gas leak (this is also a hazard scenario)
7. Flames, if a leak has ignited (this is also a hazard scenario)
10.4.2 Properties of Methane Gas
Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CH4. It is the simplest alkane,
and the principal component of CBM gas. Methane's bond angles are 109.5
degrees. Burning methane in the presence of oxygen produces carbon dioxide and
water. The relative abundance of methane makes it an attractive fuel.
Properties
Molecular formula CH4
Molar mass 16.042 g/mol
Appearance Colorless gas
Density 0.717 kg/m3 (gas, 0 C)
415 kg/m3 (liquid)
Melting point -182.5 C, 91 K, -297 F
Boiling point -161.6 C, 112 K, -259 F
Solubility in water 35 mg/L (17 C)
Hazards
MSDS External MSDS
R-phrases R12
S-phrases (S2), S9, S16, S33
NFPA 704
4
1
0
Flash point -188 C
Explosive limits 5 15%
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Flammable gas is burning as it escapes from pipe
Pipe Diameter: 10 inches Pipe Length: 1400 meters
Unbroken end of the pipe is connected to an infinite source
Pipe Roughness: smooth Hole Area: 78.5 sq in
Pipe Press: 29.2 psia Pipe Temperature: 32 C
Max Flame Length: 20 meters
Burn Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour
Max Burn Rate: 538 kilograms/min
Total Amount Burned: 8,629 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from jet fire
Red : 10 meters --- (10.0 kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal within 60 sec)
Orange: 21 meters --- (5.0 kW/(sq m) = 2nd degree burns within 60 sec)
Yellow: 36 meters --- (2.0 kW/(sq m) = pain within 60 sec)
Eliminate all sources of ignition. However, it is difficult to ascertain all the sources of
ignition, especially if there are any moving parts. Foam type extinguishers are
recommended.
All emergency and safety related equipment must be frequently and regularly
checked and maintained to ensure that their condition is satisfactory. Records
should be kept of all checks and maintenance carried out on this equipment.
The necessary first-aid equipment should include emergency showers and eye
wash facilities.
The fire fighting media should be selected according to their mode of action and
their use in combating or preventing the spread of fire. It may be water, dry
chemical powder, carbon dioxide.
Extinguishers should be fitted with means to provide visual indications that the unit
has partially or wholly been discharged.
A fire detection alarm system shall be provided in the electrical room.
10.5.3 Initial Emergency Response Organization
Shift-in-charge would lead initial response organization in an emergency condition. Upon
the detection of an emergency condition, the Shift-in-charge assesses the conditions and,
if an Emergency Action Level is exceeded, classifies the emergency, assumes the role of
Main Controller. At this stage, command and control, functions from the Main Control
Centre. On the direction of the Main Controller, the designated Communications Co-
coordinator notifies off- site agencies and plant management. If additional support is
required for mitigation, the Main Controller, using weather information available in the
Main Control Centre, assesses the extent and area of the hazard and initiates protective
action as necessary.
Table 10.1: Initial Emergency Organization of Reliance Industries Limited
Emergency Organization Primary Controlling authority Secondary Controlling authority
(absence of Primary Authority)
Overall In-charge Sr. General Manager Asst. General Manager (O&M)
Site Controller General Manager (Plant) Sr. Manager (Operation)
Incident Asst. General Manager (O&M) Sr. Manager
Controller
Communication Officer Any of the Managers as decided Sr. Ex. Engineer/Ex.
by Incident Controller Engineer
Liaison Officer General Manager (Plant) Manager (Plant)
In addition, this function has the important task of keeping chronological records of what
is happening during the emergency, and preparing reports for the Main Controller and his
staff. This includes:
Recording any change in the emergency action level status.
Keeping track of all external agencies notified.
Keeping track of emergency personnel intervening.
Keeping track of emergency personnel notified and arriving at the scene.
Maintaining a record of the changes in the emergency organization structure
as higher officials arrive to relieve lower-ranked personnel.
Keeping a record of all events affecting the emergency.
Keeping a record of all of the decisions made and emergency actions taken
during the emergency operations.
Updating maps and wall charts displaying the spreading of the emergency
(e.g., units affected by fire, areas affected by evacuation orders), and
maintaining a record of them.
Updating the same charts showing the position of the emergency squads or
fire fighters, and keeping a record of them.
Recording the arrival of special emergency materials or equipment (this may
be especially important for later financial accountability).
Recording any fact of relevance occurring during the emergency.
The chronological log is extremely valuable both during and after the emergency. The
greatest advantage of such a system is to keep the situation updated. This information
can then be used by the emergency co-ordination staff to assess the situation and make
appropriate decisions.
Fire and Rescue Operations (Fire & Safety Officer)
This fire and rescue operation team should be typically composed of personnel from the
different facility departments. The team should have basic training in the handling of
various types of emergencies. Fire is the most common hazard in the facility. The team
members should be capable of recognizing different types of fires and the appropriate
extinguishing agent for fighting these fires. They should also be able to handle the
available firefighting equipment including hoses, nozzles, portable extinguishers and fixed
fire fighting units.
The fire and rescue team leader (Fire & Safety Officer) should report directly to the
Incident/ Field Operations Controller and make important decision regarding the response
to the particular emergency.
The duties of the fire and rescue team leader include:
Overall in-charge of the fire fighting operations.
Inform the Main Controller if external fire tender / firefighting equipment /
materials /Mutual Aid are required.
Maintaining adequate supplies for firefighting equipment and facilities.
Logistics Function (Store In-charge)
This function is responsible for making the necessary supplies available to the response
teams during the emergency. Also, the function has the task of organizing and
maintaining the staging area and providing temporary storage for emergency supplies
and equipment for rapid deployment. The function is also responsible for co-coordinating,
hiring, Controlling and operating all emergency vehicles such as ambulances, trucks for
transportation of emergency materials and supplies and other emergency transportation
vehicles.
The person responsible for this function, the Logistics Coordinator, in this case the Store In-
charge, should report to the Site Controller and keep him updated on available supplies
and equipment, needed for an emergency. A list of emergency materials and equipment
is as follows:
Fire extinguishers
Fire hoses and nozzles
Personal protective equipment, including full protective clothing, self-
contained breathing apparatus, and respirators
Emergency lights and power generators
Spill control agents for the decontamination of toxic spills of different classes of
chemicals
Fuel for the operation of emergency vehicles and machinery (if any)
Security function (Sr. Security Officer / Security Inspector)
During the initial phase of an emergency, the security personnel may be in-change of
communications within the facility as well as outside agencies, before being relieved by
the appropriate coordinator. The position of the Security Controller could be handled by
the Security officers and assisted by the Inspectors, and guards. However, the main
responsibility of this function is to ensure that facility security is maintained. The duties of this
function include:
Raise the alarm by sounding the siren.
Inform the Plant-in-charge / Shift-in-charge.
Close the gates(s) and ensure that unauthorized persons / vehicles do no enter
the premises.
Instruct the security guards to occupy pre-determined posts for controlling the
security of the facility.
Control the entry of authorized personnel, such as officials of outside agencies
and other personnel that may be required at the facility.
Control the escorting of outside official agency representatives and other
appropriate personnel to the corresponding facility liaison personnel, as per
instructions. Also ensure that media representatives are not directly admitted
to the Emergency Control Centre (in order to minimize any unnecessary
interference during emergency operations).
Be in-charge of personnel accountability during the emergency. Should some
facility employees be unaccounted for, and presumed to be still in the area
affected by the emergency, security should alert the Incident Controller, who
will then initiate a search and rescue operation (if feasible).
Direct the exit of facility personnel in case of evacuation, and co-operate with
external police forces to organize and direct evacuation operations for the
public, if necessary.
Arrange for proper transport for required personnel in the facility during an
emergency
Ensure that non-essential persons do not crowd the affected area.
Provide assistance in fire fighting and rescue operations
Emergency Squad Function (Plant Operating personnel drawn from all departments)
The responsibilities of the emergency squad function are as follows:
Isolate equipments in accident area.
Evacuate non-essential personnel and visitors.
Maintain record of evacuated personnel.
Act as firefighters in controlling the emergency.
Act as runners and messengers.
Act as first-aiders and rescuers and handle casualties / persons overcome by
fire.
Provide details of casualties.
Providing lighting in the area.
Carry out any other job assigned by the Incident / Field Operations Controller.
Transport in-Charge/Maintenance Manager (Asst. General Manager (O&M)/Manager (O))
The duties of this function include:
Keep all the vehicles and drivers ready, maintain constant contact with the
Main Controller / Medical Officer and dispatch the vehicles as per their needs.
All drivers on duty at the facility will, on sounding of the alarm, rush back to
their department and await instructions.
A minimum of two vehicles should be kept standby at the facility for the
emergency use and for transporting critically injured to hospital.
Communication Coordinator (Sr. Ex. Engineer/Ex. Engineer)
The communication coordinator is assigned to the Telephone Operator. The responsibility
of this function would be to:
Notify the location of emergency to the Security Department, Emergency
Squad members, Main Controller, Incident Controller, Safety Officer and
Administrative Officer.
On receipt of instructions from the Main Controller or his designated, notify the
fire brigade/police/hospitals/District Collector/Factory Inspector.
Keep the switchboard open for emergency calls and transmit the same to the
concerned personnel effectively.
Refrain from exchanging any information pertaining to the emergency and
refer any queries from authorized persons to the Main Controller.
Personnel of the Affected Area
They will:
Continue to handle the emergency as per the laid down procedures and as
guided by the Incident Controller.
Avoid crowding of the affected area by unwanted personnel.
Stop all non-essential work / unwanted operations.
Remove unwanted persons from the area to a Safe Assembly Points / area
(which should be marked on the site plan).
10.5.5. Declaration and Termination of Emergency
The Site Controller will make the declaration of On-site or Off-site emergency. Sirens will be
used for annunciation of facility emergency as indicated in the document. The
notification for start and termination of the emergency will be sent to:
District Magistrate
Nearby industries, if any
Police Superintendent of the area
The message will include the following:
Identification of the emergency e.g. fire, explosion, etc.
Date and time of the accident.
Details concerning accident/emergency and probable affected areas.
Type of the accident
10.5.6. Recovery, Facility Re-entry and Restoration of services
The recovery and re-entry phase will begin after the declaration of termination of
emergency. The Main Controller would make this determination. The recovery plan should
be flexible enough to adapt to existing conditions. Not all of the conditions that may be
encountered in an emergency can be anticipated in advance. Detailed plans and
procedures for recovery operations should be prepared at the time they are needed.
The Re-entry Team under the leadership of the Main Controller should perform re-entry
operations. The team will consist of personnel knowledgeable in procedures and facility
layout. In the Re-entry planning process, the tem will gather available information on the
nature of the emergency and its present status by method such as discussions with the
operations personnel on-shift. Necessary protective clothing and equipment should be
available for the team before re-entry is authorized.
Specific procedures for recovering from an emergency and re-entering the facility can
hardly be provided, since they will have to be determined on a case-by-case basis.
Depending on the type of accident and the severity of the damage suffered. However,
Provision should be made for the following:
Organizing a re-entry team.
Inspecting the damaged area.
Declaring the emergency concluded and making the all clear known to the
facility employees and the community.
Deciding which employees should report to work and notifying them.
Beginning an investigation into the causes of the emergency.
Assessing the damage to the facility.
Transferring necessary operations to alternative locations.
Decontaminating the damaged area.
Restoring services to the damaged area.
Clearing up the debris.
Salvaging material and equipment affected by the emergency.
Restoring the parts of the facility affected by the emergency.
Update and modify the plan on the basis of experience acquired through
exercises and drills.
10.5.10 Mock Drills
There are two types of mock drills recommended in disaster management plan- full Mock
drill (to be conducted at least once in 6 months) and Disaster Management Efficiency Drill
(to be conducted at least once in 3 months). The details of these drills presented as
follows:
Full Mock Drill
This shall be conducted with plant head as Chairman: Head of O&M as head of the
Operation, Maintenance, Medical, personnel, CISF, Auto base and materials as members
and head of safety as convener and it shall test the following:
Functioning of emergency control center, very specifically availability of all
facilities etc as mentioned in the plan and its functional healthiness.
To evaluate communication of the Disaster plan to all segments of employees, to
familiarize them about their responsibilities in case of any disaster including
evaluation of behavior of the employees and other.
To ensure that all facilities as required under the plan from within or from nearby
industries /aid center under mutual assistance scheme or otherwise are available.
To ensure that the necessities under material assistance scheme is properly
documented and the concerned employees are fully aware in this regard.
To ensure that employees are full aware to fight any emergency like sealing of
chlorine leakage, fire fighting other such cause.
Disaster Management Efficacy Drill
This shall be conducted with head of (O&M) as chairman and heads of personnel,
Communication, Security and Medical as Members and Head of safety as convener and
it shall test the following:
All employees are trained about their responsibilities / duties. They all are aware
about evacuation routes, direction of evacuation of equipments to be used during
evacuation or the method of evacuation.
All employees are fully trained to rescue their colleagues, who are effected due to
cause of disaster. In case they are unable to rescue their colleagues, they should
know to whom they have to inform about such persons.
All employees are fully trained in first aid use of desired equipments including
breathing apparatus First Aid box etc. are available at the desired location.
All warning alarms are functional. Public Address system is in healthy condition.
All telephone lines/ communication systems are provided in control rooms and
there is no removal of the facilities (as prescribed) for the control rooms.
It is very clear amongst the concerned managers who shall call for assistance
under mutual aid scheme or the facilities from within.
It is clear at the plant, who shall declare emergency.
It is clear at the plant, who shall inform the district authorities, State authorities and
corporate center.
The disaster management plan shall be periodically revised based on experiences gained
from the mock drill.
GIS Enabled Environment and Neo-Graphic Centre
609-611Supertech Shopprix Mall, Sector- V, Vaishali, Ghaziabad 201010 (UP) P a g e | 81
Telefax: 0120-4111527; Email: business@greencindia.com, greenc.india@gmail.com
EIA for 100 MW CBM Gas Based Power Plant at 10.
Hadaha, District Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh RISK ASSESSMENT
12.2 MISSION
GREENC was launched with the full support of a dedicated and strong group of
experienced professionals. GREENC is dedicated to providing the highest quality
consulting services focused on environment and development, urban & rural planning,
transportation, with integrity and commitment to our clients and our communities.
GREENC has an understanding of the local point of view, direct responsiveness to issues
and the continuous personal responsibility of key professionals. GREENC has the
background, the experience and the perceptual insight to anticipate project needs and
We consider that team is one, which translates the mission and value of organization(s)
into service, and ultimately enables clients realize their goals.
12.5 VALUES
We believe in creating a safe and healthy environment for all people to live in. We
believe in growing and changing with the world around us. We believe in providing
employees opportunities for personal, professional and financial growth.
12.6 WORK AREAS
Environmental Impact Assessment: We have undertaken many EIA studies and clearances
for thermal power plant; road & highways; Special Economic Zones (SEZs); urban
infrastructure projects etc. The areas of specialization are as follows:
GIS Enabled Environment and Neo-Graphic Centre
609-611Supertech Shopprix Mall, Sector- V, Vaishali, Ghaziabad 201010 (UP)
P a g e | 88
Telefax: 0120-4111527; Email: business@greencindia.com, greenc.india@gmail.com
EIA for 100 MW CBM Gas Based Power Plant at 12.
Hadaha, District Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh DISCLOSURE OF
CONSULTANT
Environmental Management Plan
Disaster Management Plan
Risk Assessment
Rehabilitation & Resettlement Plan
Pre-feasibility Report
Detailed Project Report
Geo-Technical Investigation
12.7 INFRASTRUCTURE AND RESOURCES
12.7.1 Facilities
GREENC have a well-equipped laboratory for monitoring and analysis of environmental
pollutants and Soil Investigation. The organization also has a tie-up with Envirotech East
Pvt. Ltd. for specialized testing and analysis of Samples from their laboratory, which is
recognized by Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India. The in-house facilities
include:
S. No. Name of the Equipment Quantity
1. Refrigerator 3
2. Deep Freeze 1
3. BOD Incubator 2
4. Hot Air Oven 5
5. Muffle Furnace 2
6. Autoclave 2
7. Water Bath 2
8. Centrifuge 2
9. Water Distillation Assembly (Glass) 2
10. Heating Mantle 2
11. Hot Plate 2
12. Magnetic Stirrer 2
13. Vacuum Filtration Pump 2
14. Inoculation Hood 2
15. Aquarium for Bioassay & Aerators 1
16. Depth Sampler 1
17. Bottom Sampler 1
18. Filtration Assembly 2
19. Any other Equipment
Fluoride Distillation Assembly 2
Cyanide Distillation Assembly 1
Ammonia Distillation Assembly 1
COD Digestion Assembly 1
12.7.8 Softwares
S. No. Name of the Software Quantity
1. Air impact Prediction Softwares-ISCST-3, Caline-4 6 Nos.
2. Noise Modelling Software-Sound-32 2 Nos.
3. Risk Assessment Software 1 Nos.
4. Mapping Softwares- ArcInfo, Arcview, ERDAS, Autodesk, 7 Nos.
AutoCad
5. Data Analysis Softwares-SPSS, Microsoft Access 15 Nos.
The complete report has been carried out by the above team taking help of some external
consultant for the R&R and Hydro-geology.
In this present EIA Report, the prescribed ToRs have been complied with and data submitted is
factually correct.
Concentration in g/mg3
Ecologically
Industrial, Residential, Rural
Pollutant Sensitive area
Time &
(Notified by
other areas
Central Govt.)
Sulphur Dioxide Annual Avg.* 50 20
(g/m3) 24 hours** 80 80
Oxides of Nitrogen Annual Avg. 40 30
(g/m3) 24 hours 80 80
Annual Avg. 60 60
PM10 (g/m3)
24 hours 100 100
Annual Avg. 40 40
PM2.5 (g/m3)
24 hours 60 60
8 hours** 100 100
Ozone (g/m3)
1 hour** 180 180
Annual Avg. 0.50 0.5
Lead (g/m3)
24 hours 1.00 1.00
Carbon Monoxide 8 hours 2 2
(mg/m3) 1 hour 4 4
Ammonia (NH3) Annual Avg. 100 100
(g/m3) 24 hours 400 400
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