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The natural approach developed by Tracy Terrell and supported by Stephen Krashen, is a language
teaching approach which claims that language learning is a reproduction of the way humans
naturally acquire their native language. The approach adheres to a communicative approach to
language teaching and rejects earlier methods such as the audiolingual method and the situational
laguage teaching approach which Krashen and terrell (1983) believe are not based on actual
theories of language acquisition but theories of the structure of language
Theory of language
Krashen and Terrell view communication as the primary function of language, and adhere to a
communicative approach to language teaching, focusing on teaching communicative abilities rather
than sterile language structures.
What really distinguishes the Natural approach from other methods and approaches are its premises
concerning the use of language and the importance of vocabulary:
Language is viewed as a vehicle for communicating meaning and messages.
Voacbulary is of paramount importance as language is essencially its lexicon!
This means that language acquisition can not take place unless the acquirer understands messages in
the targe language and has developed sufficient vocabulary inventory. In fact it should be easier to
reconstruct a message containing just vocabulary items than one containing just the grammatical
structures.
Theory of learning
Krashen grounded the Natural approach on a number of theory of learning tenets.
In a nutshell
Teaching according to the Natural Approach involves the following principles:
Teaching according to the Natural approach focuses on communicative abilities.
One of its objectives is to help beginners become intermediate.
Vocabulary is considered prior to synthactic structures.
A lot of comprehensible input must be provided.
Use of visual aids to help comprehension.
Focus is on listening and reading. Speaking emerges later.
Reducing the high affective filter by
focusing on meaningful communication rather than on form.
prividing interesting comprehensible input
The technique used in this approach are often borrowed from other methods and adapted to
meet the requirement of the approach. Thses include:
Total Phisical Response command drills
The Direct Method activities mime, gestures and context are used to elicit questions,
and answers.
Communicative Language Teaching group work activities where learners share
information to complete a task.
Conclusion
The Natural Approach belongs to a tradition of language acquisition where the naturalistic features
of L1 acquisition are utilized in L2 acquisition. It is an approach that draws a variety of techniques
from other methods and approaches to reach this goal which is one of its advantages. But the
originality of this approach does not lie in these techniques but on the emphasis on activities based
on comprehensible input and meaningful communication rather than on only grammatical mastery
of language.