MUSEUM OF NEW MEXICO

OFFICE OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROCEDURAL MANUAL

Public Archaeology Programs

Standardization Committee

ARCHAJ3OLOGY NOTES 24a

SANTA FE 1994 NEW MEXICO

 CONTENTS

Prefield Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Definition of the Project Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Permits and Permission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
AdvanceNotice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Records Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Fieldwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Survey Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Cultural Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Recording Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Postfield Activities .................................................. 18

The Survey Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Administrative Summary (Abstract) and Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Proposed Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Project Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
FieldMethods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Culture History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Survey Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
SummaryandRecommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Attachments, Data Compendia,andAppendixes ........................... 22
General Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Appendix 1: Glossary of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Appendix 2: Summaries of Legislation Affecting Cultural Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Appendix 3: Survey Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Appendix 4: Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

1 . Example of an inappropriate field map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2 . A better and more complete tield map of the site shown in Figure 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3 . A well-mapped historic site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4. General UTM information in USGS topographic quadrangle legend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5. Section of USGS quadrangle showing locational
markings ........................ 14
6 . Templates for measuring UTM coordinates and quartering sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Archaeological Survey Procedural Manual iii

 INTRODUCTION
This manual is providedas a basic guide to
survey techniques, procedures, and report
preparation. Surveys are the first phase of
archaeological fieldwork and are designed to locate
and properly documentarchaeological sites and
other cultural resources within a project area.
Archaeological surveys can be oriented toward
cultural resource management (CRM) or can be
conducted for research purposes. All cultural
properties encountered during survey should be
recorded on appropriate forms, including sites,
historic buildings, and irrigation canals, as well as
whatever else the client or research design
requires, A CRM survey is initiated by a client,
who defines the project area and the types of land-
altering activities that will occur. When a survey
is conducted for research purposes the project area
should be defined in the research design. During
both CRM and research-oriented surveys, the
archaeologist must operate within a legal
framework dictated by a mix of local, state, and
federal regulations and guidelines. Summaries of
some of the pertinent regulations are included in
Appendix 2.
No matterwhat type of survey is being
conducted, an archaeologist must work within the
guidelines of pertinent historic preservation
regulations. Aspects that might be regulated
include types of data recorded, collection policies,
and deadlines for reporting results. In accepting a
CRM project an archaeologist agrees to provide
informationneeded by the client to fulfill the
requirements of historic preservation laws, This
includes completing fieldwork and reporting in a
timely manner, and providing information needed
by the client. Done properly, the product should
be clear and concise. The objective of CRM work
istodocumentcultural resources as fullyand
accurately as possible, identify their importance,
and determine how the resources relate to the
proposed undertaking while at the same time
providing
documentation
that meets the
requirements of the various review agencies.
Hence, itisimportant to pay close attention to
every detail to minimizeimpacts
to
cultural
properties and prevent costly delays and
unnecessaryexpenses for the client. Research-
oriented surveys must balance their data
requirements with those of land managing
agencies. While this type of survey is rarely aimed
at gathering resource management data, that
information is needed and often required by land
managers. Similarly, while research oriented
surveys do notusually operate under the same
time constraints as CRM surveys do, report
requirements are generally the same. A full report
of survey activities and results is usually required
within a certain amount of time after completionof
fieldwork, whether the survey was CRM-oriented
or not.
Archaeological Survey Proceduml Manual 1
 PREFIELD ACTIVITIES
Several steps must be completed before
fieldwork can begin. Various land managing
agencies have requirements for prior notification,
survey
techniques, and reporting. The
archaeologist should know whatthese requirements
are before beginning a survey. It is also necessary
toknowwhether or not sites were previously
recorded in the project area, Failure to follow
proper procedures can cause problems with
federal, state, and tribal officials, and at worst can
result in permit forfeiture. Each survey project, no
matter how large or small, should follow the same
steps in preparing for fieldwork,
Definition of the Proiect Area
The project area is the zone that will be
examined by a survey. In CRM work it is the area
in
which construction or other land-altering
activities will occur and is defined bythe client. In
research surveys the project area is defined by the
interests of the archaeologist or the requirements
of the research design.
When conducting a CRM survey, additional
land is sometimes examined around the perimeter
of a project area to determine whethercultural
resources occur just beyond project boundaries.
This area should be
labeled
and referred to
separately. Jointly, the project
area
and
any
additional survey areas can be referred to as the
inventory or survey area. Be specific in defzning
these zones. Carelessly worded descriptions could
be taken as permission toconduct land-altering
activities outside the project area. The client
should provide engineering plans or USGS
topographic quadrangles showing the project area.
Project supervisors should acquire the latest
editions available and the appropriate USGS
topographic quadrangles.
Project boundaries should be clearly defined and
marked on engineering plans or USGS topographic
quadrangles for both CRM and research surveys,
and land ownership information must always be
provided. Land ownership must be determined
before beginning a survey, and permission to
conduct an archaeologicalsurvey should alwaysbe
obtained from landowners or land managing
agencies before fieldwork begins.
Permits and Permission
Land ownership and regulatory authority
determine the kind of permission that is required
before a survey can begin. Two types of
permission are required for survey projects--
written or verbal authorization to conduct the
survey from the landowner or managing authority;
and valid permits from all federal, state, local, or
tribal regulatory agencies that are directly involved
with the project. It is always best to get written
permission to work on a parcel of land, if
possible, to prevent future legal problems.
Land ownership is normally straightforward.
Archaeologists conducting research-oriented
surveys are responsible for determining land
ownership and obtaining permission toconduct
their fieldwork. In CRM surveys, the client should
provide an accurate list of all private owners and
landmanaging agencies, Permission toconduct
surveys on private land is usually, but not always,
obtained by the client. Supervisors should check to
make sure this has been done. If not, it will be
necessary to contact the owner(s) for permission to
be on their land. If part or all of any survey area
is managedby federal, state, or tribal agencies,
theymustalsobe contacted. Simply obtaining a
permit to work on these lands is seldom enough;
land managers want to know when and where you
will be working on their land.
Many federal, state, and tribal landmanaging
agencies have permitting systems and procedures
in place. Archaeologists conducting or supervising
surveys should obtain a copy of all pertinent
permits andreadthem thoroughly, paying strict
attention to time frames for preliminary and final
reporting. n e project supervisor should make sure
Archaeological Survey Procedural Manual 3
his or her name is on the permit and carefully note
expiration date, general and special stipulations,
and other guidance information. If your name is
not on a permit, you cannot supervise work
conducted under that permit. Itisimportantto
note that not allpermits are alike, even if the same
agency is involved. For instance, many Bureau of
Land
Management districts havedifferent
requirements. Make sure you possess andhave
examined all applicable permits. If your name does
not appear on a permit or you are unsure whether
you have the right permit for a certain area, ask
your supervisor or contact the land managing
agency. In some instancesagency officials will
waive requirements or otherwise allow deviations
from the stipulations. Such deviations mustbe
worked out and approved in advance (preferably
in writing) through consultation
with the
appropriate official. Unless otherwise arranged,
supervisors should ensure permit that
all
requirements are strictly observed, because failure
to do so can result in serious delay or forfeiture of
the permit.
When working on tribal lands, written
permission from the tribal government is needed in
additionto a Bureau of IndianAffairs permit.
Not@cation of the Bureau of Indian Aflairs will
not suflce; tribal governments must be notsed as
well. Also, when workingon Navajo Nation lands,
it is necessary to determine what specific types of
land
will
be surveyed. This information
is
available in Crownpoint or Window Rock at the
Bureau
of Indian Affairs Real Property
Management, Navajo Nation Land Administration
Department.
Advance Notice
Some federal, state, and tribal agencies require
advance contact before fieldwork can begin.
Consult yourpermits and area office regulations to
determine whether this is necessary. The Navajo
Nation requires advance notification to determine
whether a previously identified traditional cultural
property such as a shrine, sacred area, or other
use-area is within project boundaries. The
appropriate agency should be contacted for details
of this procedure.
Archaeological Survey Proceduml Manual 4
Records Checks
All survey permitsand most agency report
guidelines require information on sites that have
been previously recorded in or near a project area.
This means that the National Register of Historic
Places (NRHP), the State Register of Cultural
Properties (SRCP), and the New Mexico Cultural
Resource Information System (NMCRIS) must be
consulted before a survey begins. NRHPand
SRCP records are on file at the Historic
Preservation Division (HPD) in Santa Fe.
NMCRIS files are stored at the Archeological
Records Management Section (ARMS), a division
of HPD housed atthe Laboratory of Anthropology
inSanta Fe. Bothofficescan be contactedin
person or bytelephone. In addition, ARMShas
developed an online computer access system that
willallowrecordchecksto be completedby
modem. Some land managing
agencies
also
stipulate a records check at agency or resource-
area offkes; consult your permit(s) to determine
whether this is necessary. When working on
NavajoNation land, the Navajo Nation Historic
Preservation Department must be contacted during
the prefield check.
The breadth of the prefield check varies among
land managing agencies. Some require a listing of
only those sites within the project area, while
others want lists of all previously recorded sites
within a certain distance of the project area. A
good rule of thumbis to include all previously
recorded sites within a mile of the project area.
These locations can be obtained from ARMS, and
itis a good ideatoplotthem on field maps to
prevent the accidental assignmentof new numbers.
Whenit does notadd to costs or cause time
delays, ARMS requests that previously recorded
sites near a project area be revisited to provide an
update of their records (be sure you have
permissiontoenter these properties). This will
allow documentation of changing site conditions
such as damage by vandals or erosion, as well as
the presence of features or diagnostic artifacts that
were notnoted or fully described during initial
recording. Previously recorded sites within project
areas should always be revisited and their records
updated.
 FIELDWORK
Specific field techniques andground coverage in
research-oriented surveys are generally determined
by the archaeologist and should be discussed and
justified in the research design. CRM surveys
require archaeologists to examine all of the ground
surface within a project area (100 percent
coverage) unless otherwise stipulated. Most
agencies require a pedestrian survey and with few
exceptions disallow survey from vehicles. The
intent is that all sites and other cultural resources
that may be protected under law be found, plotted
on maps, andrecorded on appropriate forms.
Permits should be consulted for guidelines
concerning permissible survey techniques. In some
cases, agencies have special requirements
concerning the field recording of sites and other
cultural resources that may include how cultural
resources are defined, howthey are marked,
artifact collection policies, and treatment of
previously recorded sites. Again, permits should
be consulted for all surveys to determine whether
there are special requirements. If permit
stipulations seem unclear, contact the land
managing agency for clarification.
Ifyou are conducting a CRM survey and
engineering plans are not provided, or the project
area is not clearly marked on the ground, do not
guess its locution. Contact the client, their local
representative,
your
supervisor
or for
supplementary information.
Survev Techniques
The preferred survey technique is the linear
transect. If a survey is conducted by one
archaeologist, transects may need to be walked in
a zigzag fashion to visually examine as much of
the ground surface as possible. Depending on the
width of the area being surveyed, several linear
transects mayneed to be walked. If a survey is
conductedby more than one archaeologist the
interval between individuals should be adjusted to
the terrain and surface visibility. An intervalof
15 m is recommended as an acceptable maximum
spacing between individuals. This is the maximum
allowed
by
manyland
managing agencies.
However, there are exceptions. Check yourpermit
to determine whetherany restrictions apply. If
trees, brush, or heavy grass cover are present, the
intervalshould be shortened. Special attention
should be given to open spaces within areas of
heavy vegetation, backdirt piles at the entrances to
rodent dens, and drainages.
Additional areas are sometimes examined
around the perimeter of a project area, particularly
inCRM work. These zones may be required by
land managing agencies andare rarely included on
engineering plans. However, they must be
discussed
and described when applying for
permits. Additional survey areas should be
described and their acreage calculated separately
from the project area to make it clearthat they are
not part of the proposed undertaking. If land
ownership changes at the edge of a project area,
you must have permission from the landowner or
land managing agencyto work in that area. Unless
specifically stipulated in a permit or contract there
is no standard widthfor additional survey areas. A
rule ofthumbis 15 rn (50 ft) to either side of
linear rights-of-way (roads, pipelines); 30 m (100
ft) to either side of powerline rights-of-way,
borrow pits, and mining features or waste piles;
and 0.8 km ( O S miles)at the ends of linear
projects. Since CRM firms often have internal
policies governing the survey of additional areas,
your supervisor should be consultedabout this
before the survey begins. If there are no specific
requirements for the survey of additionalareas (for
example, when private land is involved), be sure
to obtain the client’s permission to conduct this
extended coverage.
Simply because a site is outside project
boundaries doesn’t meanit should notbe recorded.
A site that is directly adjacent to but outside
project boundaries shouldbe recorded, if possible.
Those that are a good distance beyond project
limits may or maynotneed to be recorded,
Archaeological Survey Proceduml Manual 5
depending on the type ofland altering activity
planned, time and budgetary limitations, and land
ownership, Use your best judgment in these types
of cases.
At times a CRM contractor will be requested by
the client to identify alternate routes or minor
relocations to avoid any archaeological sites that
might be found. This is most common in well pad
and pipeline surveys. This can be done as long as
the client has requested it and the landowner or
land managing agency does not object; however,
itis still necessarytorecord the sites that are
identified at the original location. Make sure your
recommendations are coordinated with the client
and are consistent with their operating procedures
and standards.
While surveys are generally restricted to an
examination of surface cultural remains,limited
testing may be permissible in some instances.
However, it should be remembered that limited is
the operative word. Some permitsallowlimited
subsurface trowel or auger tests toexamineand
better define the extent of remainsat a site.
Formal site testing requires diferent permits and
is rarely allowed during survey. Checkyour
permits to determine whetherlimited subsurface
probes are allowed. Be sure to discuss any
subsurface investigations in the survey report.
Cultural P r o D m
Many land managing agencies, area and district
offices within those agencies, and
review
authorities have specific guidelines concerning
what constitutes cultural remainsandhowthey
should be recorded. Most recognize two types of
cultural properties--sites and isolated occurrences
(IOs), but definitions vary according to agency.
Consult the appropriate guidelines for these
requirements. Cultural resource definitions may
also be specified in the research design of a non-
CRM project. If no specific criteria are furnished
by a regulatory agency or you are surveying on
private land, be sure to have a goodworking
definition ofwhat constitutes a site or isolated
occurrence before you begin fieldwork. Be
Archaeological Survey Procedural Manual 6
consistent in applying those definitions. Note
whether you have used agency defined criteria or
your own definitions for cultural resources in the
survey report. In either case, the definitions should
be presented.
The creation of archaeological sites is a
continual process as humans occupy and abandon
parts of the landscape, Because sites and 10s are
constantly forming, federal, state, and local
regulations usuallyspecifyhow old a cultural
resource should be before it is recorded. Sites
older than a specific age are recorded, while those
that are younger require less formal treatment.
Consult the appropriate guidelines for these
requirements. For example, the NavajoNation
uses a slightly different approach thanthat outlined
here, requiring a formal recording of any site
found, regardless of age (unless it is still in use).
If you are not sure whether a cultural resource is
old enoughto be documented, go ahead andrecord
it anyway (unless it is still being lived in). Bear in
mind that this is an evolving process, and more
and more properties are requiring treatment.
Always check to see what kinds ofproperties need
to be recorded,
Recording. Procedures
The Laboratory ofAnthropology (LA) Site
Record Form is the standard for recording
archaeological sites in New Mexico. While ARMS
does not require this form for each site, many state
andfederal
landmanaging agencies
do. For
instance, the New Mexico Historic Preservation
Division alwaysrequires the LA Site Record Form
or an equivalent. The categories-included in the
site record represent the minimzim amountof
informationconsidered necessary for making
management decisions about a site. Other forms
may be used,buttheyshould contain the same
categories as the LA Site Record Form in addition
to other information desired by the archaeologist
conducting the survey. Whether you are recording
a site for the first time or examining a previously
recorded site, always remember that this
information may be used by someone who will not
be able to visit the site. Record everything you
think is important. As noted above, the LA Site
Record Form requests the minimumamount of
information necessary for makingmanagement
decisions. You do not have to limit yourself to
these categories. General recording procedures are
discussed below. Again, always
check
your
permits and consult your supervisor concerning
specific procedures required by a land managing
agency or CRM firm. For example, the Bureau of
LandManagement has additional information
requirements, andmany USDA Forest Service
districts require use of their own site survey
forms. The LA SiteRecord Form and other forms
that might be required are shown in Appendix 3.
It should be noted that a LA Site Record Form
may not be required for allcultural properties
found during a survey. For example, a structure
that is still in use may be documentedusing a
Historic Building Inventory Form or narrative
description without being recorded as an
archaeological site or assigned a Laboratory of
Anthropology (LA) number. While it is important
to identify all cultural properties within a project
area, theymaynotallneedto receive the same
degree of documentation. Again, this may vary
according to regulatory agency, so be sure to
checkyour permit requirements to determine
whether and how to document structures that are
currently in use.
Step 1: What Have I Found?
When artifacts or a cultural feature are located
by a member of the survey team, STOP! Carefully
walk over the surrounding area to define the extent
of the manifestation,payingspecialattentionto
potential features and diagnostic artifacts,
Determine whether the manifestation fits the
definition of a site or an IO; if so, fill out the
appropriate form. Ifyou have any doubts about its
nature or age and it otherwise meets the definition
of a sire, record it! Discuss your doubts on the LA
Site Record Form, but do not simply ignore the
manifestation. Previously recorded sites mustbe
reexamined in light of the current project, noting
any modifications of the original description and
how the site relates to the boundaries of the
current project.
Step 2: Where Is It Located and How Big Is It?
The location of a site andhowmuchlandit
covers are critical to management decisions. While
mistakes happen, it is important to be as accurate
as possible. The locations of all cultural resources
recorded during survey should be plotted on USGS
topographic quadrangles or engineering plans. If
possible, it is desirable to locate cultural resources
on both. Topographic quadrangle locations are
necessary for site registration withARMS, and
both the topographic quadrangle and engineering
plans (if available) are required for consultations
with HPD in CRM surveys. Discuss in general
terms how the site was located; for example,it
was triangulated, a global positioning system
(GPS) was used, or the location was estimated. If
a GPS was used, note how its location was plotted
on the topographic quadrangle. Was the GPS
location transferred to the map, or was it plotted
by local topography? Remember, both GPSs and
topographic quadrangles can be wrong, so it might
be best to use both methods, if possible.
It is often useful to note the relationship of a
site tophysical or cultural features that will
probably remain unchanged for a long time, for
example, roads, highway mileage markers, wells,
transmission line structures, distinct trees or hills,
cliffs, and rock formations. When possible, these
should be included on site maps. If you are tying
a site in to a distant feature, include distance and
bearing to the feature and its description on both
the LA Site Record Form and the site map.
An accurate definition of site boundaries is very
important, particularly to the client and land
managing agency
CRM
in surveys. Simply
knowing where a site is located is not enough; an
accurate idea of the amount of land the site covers
and its relationship to project boundaries are also
critical to the review process. Thus, knowhow
large a site is before you start recording it.
Carefully walk over the surrounding area, looking
for related features or a continuation of the artifact
scatter. When engineering plans are available,
locate site boundaries and features on them.
Always describe how you defined site boundaries
on the LA Site Record Form. Boundaries can be
estimated if a site extends into a parcel where you
Archaeological Survey Proceduml Manual 7
do not have permission to work, but note this on
the LA Site Record Form.
Step 3: What D m the Site Contain?
Examine the surface of the site for structures,
features, diagnostic artifacts, and artifact clusters.
Mark their locations with pinflags, flagging tape,
or whatever else you have available. Eachof these
categories should be shown on the site mapand
describedin the LA Site Record Form. When
diagnostic artifacts are present butcannot be
identifiedby a survey teammember, draw or
photographthem.Evenwhen diagnostics are
identified in the field it is usually good to drawor
photograph them. Ifyou are uncertainwhether
something is a structure or feature, record and
fully describe it; don’t ignore it.
Step 4: Map It
A mapmustbe drawn for each site that is
recorded. It is not necessary to draw a sketch map
of IOs, but their locations must still be plotted on
engineering plans or a topographic quadrangle.
Site maps should accurately depict what was seen
in the field. They should show the locations of all
structures, features, diagnostic artifacts, and
artifact clusters observed at the site, as well as the
site boundary. A north arrow, a key to any
symbols used, and a scale must be included. Note
whethermagnetic ortrue northwasused as a
reference. The mapshould also be labeledwith
site number, project name or number, mapper’s
name, and the date it was drawn. Structures and
features should be drawn to scale. The method
used to measure distances (taped,paced, etc.)
should be noted on the map, the LA Site Record
Form, or both. If the site is located near the edge
of the project area, show that boundary on the site
map or indicate distance and direction to the
nearest boundary. Also include project features
suchascenter line, survey markers, etc, Show
drainages, hills, rock outcrops, cliffs, or other
natural topographic features that fallwithin site
boundaries or are located nearby. The same
applies to modern cultural features such as roads,
signs, buildings, bridges, section markers, etc. If
Archaeological Survey Procedurnl Manual 8
the topographic or modern cultural features have
names or numbers, use them on the map. These
features can be very helpful in relocating a site.
An inappropriate field map is illustrated in Figure
1, while Figures 2 and 3 are welldrawn field
maps. Remember,different agencies have different
requirements for what should appear on a field
map, so remembertocheck before beginning a
survey.
Step 5: Record It
The descriptive part of the LA Site Record
Formshould be completelyfilled out while the
surveycrewis still at the site. However, some
kinds of information, such as locational data and
distance to nearest drainage, are more easily and
accuratelyderived in the laboratory andcan be
recorded later, While the LA Site Record Form is
the standard for New Mexico, some land
managing agencies require use oftheir own forms.
Again, always check the requirements of the land
managing agency before beginning _fieldwork.In
additionto the LA Site Record Form, HPD
requires that a Historic Building Inventory Form
be completed for each standing structure on
historic sites or within project limits. Manuals for
these forms are availablefromARMS(LA Site
Record Form) and HPD (Historic Building
Inventory
Form)
and
should be consulted.
Depending on agency guidelines, it may be
necessary to record 10s on standard forms as well.
Be sure you know whetherthis is necessary before
beginning a survey. A site form must be filled out
for every site visited. At a minimum, the first two
pagesof the LA Site Record Form should be
completedtoupdate information for previously
recorded sites.
Because step-by-stepprocedures for completing
the LA Site Record Form are presented elsewhere,
they will not be discussed in detail here, Instead,
a few high points of the recording process will be
reviewed.Rarelyisit possible to create a form
that is both general and comprehensive. Thus, it
cannot be stressed enough that if you note
something important that is not asked for on the
recording form, discuss it anyway.
 CONTINUATION SHEET

Figure I . Example of an inappropriatefield map.

Archaeological Survey Procedural Manual 9

 Figure 2. A better and more complete Jeld map of the site shown in Figure 1.

Archaeological SurveyProceduralManual 10
MUSEUM OF NEW MEXICO CONTINUATION SHEET

Figure 3. A well-mapped historic site.

Archaeological Survey Proceduml Manual I1

Site Number. If you assign a fieldnumberto a
site, include thatnumberonallpaperworkthat
pertains to the site (maps, artifact inventory forms,
photo data sheets, etc.). Thoughan LA number
will be assigned after fieldwork is finished (this is
discussed later), any Jeld numbers used must be
recorded on the LA SiteRecord Form. This is
especially necessary if a markercontaining the
field number was left at the site during fieldwork.
If a site was recorded in the past, always use the
previously assigned number. Avoid assigning
multiple LA numbers to sites.
Site Marker. It is often desirable to mark a site in
the field. A recommendedmethodistouse a the &12 northing and 445 easting lines in Zone 13
capped rehar. Wooden stakes can also be used but
are less permanent. Be sure to affix the field
number to anymarkersleftat a site. Some
agencies may have regulations or policies
concerning whethermarkers may beleftatsites
and the methods that can be used to mark them,
Checkyourpermitsto determine whetherany
special stipulations apply. Also he sure to obtain
landowner permission to leave markers at sites on
private property. When markers are left at sites,
plot their locations on site plans.
Locational Information. Twotypesoflocational
information are usually required:
universal
transverse mercator (UTM) coordinatesand a are currently labeled,andthe
location description. As long as anaccurate site
location has been plotted in the field it is usually
easier to obtain this information back at the office.
While UTM coordinates are available for most of
New Mexico, location descriptions are not. Many
land grants werenever platted, as publicand
private lands were. lf your survey area has not
been platted. do not project location descriptions
unless it is required by the land managingagency.
The UTMlocationalsystem divides the earth
into a grid of 1 s q km cells originating at the
intersection of the equatorand a point 500 km
west of the central meridian. There are 60 north-
south zones, each 6 degrees wide, but only Zones
12 and 13 occur in New Mexico.Locations are
referenced by zone and distance east and north of
the origin point. Zones are listed in the lower left
corner of USGS topographicquadrangles, and
eastings andnorthings are marked as blueticks
Archaeological Survey Procedural Manual 12
along quadrangle edges (Figs. 4 and 5).
To assign a UTM location to a site or IO, draw
lines connectingeasting and northing ticks,
dividing the area of interest into a grid of 1 sq km
cells. Measurements must originate at the
southwest corner of a cell. The easting is measured
from the nearest vertical line west of the site, and
the northing from the nearest horizontal linesouth
of the site. The blue ticks along the outside edge
of the quadrangle are in 100,OOO m increments;
thus, a northing of *12 translates to 4,012,000 m
north of the equator. The location of a site situated
100 m north and 100 m east of the intersection of
would be: Zone 13, E445100 N4012100.
Templates are available for
measuring exact
locations (Fig. 6).
UTMcoordinates should describe the
geographical center of all sites. If the site is larger
than 10 acres, locate a minimum of four additional
points aroundits periphery, listthosepointsby
their location, and plot them on the site map. Note
which UTM datum was used (NAD83 or NAD27).
The datum number is in the lower left-hand corner
of quadrangles prepared after1983; those prepared
before 1983 are unlabeledbutuse the NAD27
datum (see Fig. 4). Only provisional quadrangles
NAD27 datumis
still in use. While the switch to the NAD83 datum
is still in the future, itisnecessary to list this
information.
Location
descriptions
are
based
the
on
township-and-section system, which divides most
of the western United States into blocks of land, or
townships, that are 6 miles on a side. The origin
point for this system in New Mexico is east of San
Acacia in the Rio Grande Valley, and the state is
divided into quarters by north-south (New Mexico
PrincipalMeridian)andeast-west (New Mexico
BaseLine)linesrunningthroughthatpoint.
Location descriptions are referenced by township
and range, wheretownshipis the number of
blocks a locale isnorthorsouth of the origin
point, and range is the number of blocks a locale
is east or west of the origin point. Townships and
ranges are listed in red lettering along the outside
edges of topographic quadrangles (see Fig. 5).
 +.
Mapped, edited, and published by the Geological Survey
Control by USGS and USC&GS
.
Topography from aerial photographs by photogrammetric methods

-
Aerialphotographstaken 1955. held check 1957
Fblyconic projection. 1927 Nwth American Datum
- -< NAD 2 7
24OMlW
10,000-foot
grid based on New Mexico coordinate
system, 26"
west zone
1000-meterUniversal Transverse Mercator grid ticks,
zone 13. 'shown in blue urn zone
UTM GRID AND 1957 MAGNEW NORTH
Dashed land lines indicate approximate locations DECLINATION AT CENTER OF SHEET

Uncheckedelevations
are
shown in brown NAD83 There may be privateinholdings within thoboundaries
of the National 01 State reservations shown onthis map
To place on the predictedNwth American Datum
mow the projection lines 1 meter
south and ~ Map photoinspected 1978
54 meterr east as shown by dashed m er ticks No major culturear drainage changes observed

VERtlcAL DATUM NATIONAL GEODEllC VERTlUL DATUM'OF 1929

-To place on the predicted North Amerlcan Datum of 1983.

the projection lines as shownby dashed corner ticks
(4 meters south and 4d metem east)
There may be private Inholdings within the boundaries qf any
=
HORIZONTAL DATUM ...l..r_..._..I.....___._lfl. 1927 NORTH AMERICAN D A T I J M ~7 ~ 2

NAD83 PROVISIONAL MAP

Produced from original
manuscript drawings. Infor-
Federal and State Reservations shownon this map mation shown as of date of
field check. 2

Figure 4. Gene& UTM informution in USGS topogmphic quadmngle legend. The upper Legend is
from a current q d r a n g l e , and the lower legend is from a provisional quadrangie,

Archaeological Survey ProceduralManual 13

 UTM Eosting ticks (blue)
Range
designotion

Figure 5. Section of USGS quadmngle showing locntional markings.

Archaeological Survey Procedural Manual I4

Each township block is further divided into 36 1 horizontaldimensions (e.g., 1 0 0 by 55 m)and
sq mi sections. Sections are numbered between 1 extent (e.g., 5,500 square meters). Discuss how
and 36, and are labeled in red lettering near their site boundariesweredefined and whetherthey
center on topographic quadrangles. For locational seemed accurate. For example, if an artifact
accuracy, sections are divided into 10 acre squares scatter seems to disappear into a sand dune, note
byrepeated quarterings (sectionisdividedinto that the site boundary might not be accurate and
quarter sections, quarter sections into quarter that the scatter may extend
under the dune.
quarter sections, and so on). Templates that divide Sometimesarchaeologists are restrictedto the
sections to this level are available, easy to use, and projectarea and are unable to examineland
accurate (Fig. 6 ) , There is no standard method for outside thatzone. Be sure to discuss any such
quartering irregularly shaped sections; if one is restrictions on the LA Site Record Form and note
encountered, simply note how you subdivided it. that
your
dimensionalinformation and site
description are incomplete.
Site Descrintion. Providing an accurate description
of a site is a criticalaspect of the recording Itisessentialtonote the relation of site
process. Unless a site is excavated Or revisited, boundaries to project boundaries in CRM surveys.
this may be the only time it is described. Discuss While this information is not required by ARMS,
what you saw at the site in detail, and he sure to is
itneeded by boththeclientand the land
address the criteria usadto assign any typeand managing agency. Detail is necessary, so specify
function designations. For example, if a site is how much of the site is within project boundaries
typed as a lithic artifact scatter of unknown date, and list the structures and features that are
note that the assemblagecontains only chipped and included. Ifproject boundaries are near or cross
ground stone artifacts and lacks diagnostics. the site, show them on the site map.

If a structure, feature, artifact cluster, or ArtifactAssemblage. It isnotenoughto simply

diagnostic artifact is important enough to
be
plotted on the site map, it is important enough to
be discussed in the LA Site Record Form. Fully
describe all structures and cultural features,
including their dimensions (both
vertical and
horizontal). If information on construction
technique and materials is available it should also
be furnished. Provide an estimate of the number of
individual structures present and how many rooms
are includedin
each.
Noteany
evidence of
vandalism or other types of damage. The criteria
used to define artifact clusters shouldalsobe
discussed; for example, were they physically
separated from other clusters, or did they differ in
material content?
Artifacts used to provide a date for the site
should be individually described, particularly if
they are shown on the site map. Diagnostic
artifacts thatcouldnotbeidentified in the field
should alsobe fully describedandsketched or
photographed.
Site Size. Limits, and Relation
Pro-iect
to
Boundaries. Provide information on site size, both
discuss the diagnostic artifacts found at a site; the
entire assemblage should be described. A detailed
inventory and analysis of all cultural materials is
not required (unless specified by client or agency),
but a basic description of assemblage content and
size is necessary.Listthetypes of artifacts
observedandhowmany are present. Discuss the
method used to arrive at the count. For example:
an estimated 2004- pieces of debitage and 100"
sherds; or, all visible artifacts were pinflagged and
included 30 flakes,fourcores, andtwo biface
fragments.Note lithic raw materialtypesand
pottery
types
present at the site, if known.
Describe the lithic materials or pottery types you
don'trecognize,but don'tguess! If you don't
know what they are, say so and provide accurate
descriptions.
Slone. Asnect. and Exposure. Provide information
on slope, aspect, and exposure.Whatkind of
slope is the site located on, and in which direction
does it trend? For example: the site is located on
a gentle(lessthan 5 degrees)northeast-trending
slope. Aspect refers to the directional orientation
of the site and can he given in two forms: compass

Archaeological Survey ProceduralManual 15

Archaeological Survey ProceduralManual 16
direction or compass bearing (e.g+,northeast or 45
degrees). Sites in flat areas or on hilltops have an
aspect of 360 degrees. Site exposure and shelter
should also be described. For example: the site is
exposedto the east, with a lowmesa providing
some shelter to the west.
Site Interpretation. Interpret the site. This is your
only chance to discuss its function, date, relation
to other sites in the area, how different
components are related, what the distribution of
artifacts means, if there is danger from erosion or
vandalism, etc. If you assigned a function to the
site, discuss the evidence that led youto that
conclusion. Remember, in many cases this is the
only time the site will be visited, so provide any
information that seems relevant.
The information potential of the site should also
be discussed. Note the integrity of materials and
whether or not structures or features havebeen
vandalized or eroded. Do not assign an importance
to the site that cannot be clearlysupported by
available information. Sites containing structural
remains, intact features, or deep midden deposits
have obvious information potential. The research
potential of an artifact scatter lacking visible
structures and features is difficult if not impossible
toassess from surface indications alone. In the
former case, assessments of research potential can
clearly be supported, while theycannot in the
latter. If you are unsure about the research
potentialof a site, say so. If necessary, its
potential can be investigated at a later date using
other research methods,
Collections, Collections and the decision whether
or not to make them are very important to the site
recording process. Most permits are very explicit
as to whether collections are allowed, the
procedures that must be followed if they are, and
how the artifacts must be curated. Be thoroughly
familiar with permit st@ulationsapplicable to your
project before you enter theJeld. In general, most
land managing agenciesdo not allow collections to
be made. On private land, artifacts should only be
collected withthe landowner’s written permission.
Artifacts should not be collected if the
archaeologist does not have a curutorial
agreement with a repository.
PhotomPhs. At least one and preferably two or
more black-and-white photographs (normally 35
mm) shouldbetakenofeach site found or
relocated. Some land managing agencies may also
require color slides and photos of site details like
features and structures. These photos are a
valuable part of the site records and are required
for all survey projects by mostlandmanaging
agencies.Intaking photographs, care mustbe
taken to ensure that definitive aspects of the site
are shown, such as the mounds of ruined pueblos,
pithouse andkiva depressions, refuse areas, and
close-ups of surface artifacts. It will take
considerable forethought and a lot of practice to
learn what angles are the best for bringing out the
features of interest. Good photographs also include
unique aspects of the surrowding landscape (such
asmountainpeaks, buildings, highway bridges,
etc.) that will be useful in helping to relocate the
site, Needlessto say, a numeric and descriptive
catalog of shots must accompany your photos. A
scale andmenuboardshouldalso be used, if
possible.
Archaeological Survey ProceduralManual 17
 POSTFIELD ACTIVITIES
Each newly recorded site must be assigned an
LA number. LA numbers are obtained from
ARMS personnel after a survey has been
completed. 10s and modern sites are not assigned
LA numbersexcept under certaincircumstances
(andin consultation with ARMS). Documented
portions of linear sites (railroad grades, trails,
acequias, etc.) can he assigned a single number.
LA numbers can
also be assigned to
areas
containing high artifact densities that are defined
during distributional surveys, or to negotiated site
definitions developed in cooperation with the land
managing agency I records varies with the land managing agency, If
An LA Project Record Form must be completed
when a survey is fznished. This form provides a
summary of the project and indicates whether or
notany sites were located. In addition, most
USDA Forest Service districts require completion
of their own forms, which must be submitted with
the survey report. If your survey crossed USDA
Archaeological Survey Procedural Manual 18
Forest Service land, check with the district office
to determine whether this is required. These forms
are shown in Appendix 3.
All collected materials and site records must he
submitted for curation at the end of a project.
Generally, this willnot occur until the report is
finished
and
accepted
by the land managing
agency. While the archaeologist usually is
responsible for submitting collect& materials for
curation, the responsibility for submitting site
uncertain where the responsibility lies, check with
your supervisor or the land managing agency.
Rememberthatmostlandmanagingagencies
have explicit information requirements. Before
beginning the survey report, check the regulations
and guidelines
spec@ed in your permit to
determine what information must be included.
 THE SURVEY REPORT
The survey report must include, at a minimum,
the following sections: Administrative Summary,
Introduction, Proposed Actions, Project Area,
Field Methods, Environment, Survey Results,
SummaryandRecommendations, site maps,and
project area maps. The terms used to label these
sections are not important, but the various
categories are. Each section of a survey report is
described below. While reports for federal
agencies will generally include the same sections,
there may be differences in the requirements of
various agencies. Check your permit requirements
to make sure you have included all of the required
information and followed the proper reportformat.
Information on checks of previously recorded sites
should be included in the introduction, the culture
history, or as a separate section. Site forms
(including newly recorded and documentation on
previously recorded sites) must be included with
copies of the survey report sent to review
agencies.
Authors of CRM reports should remember that
they are preparing an account of the survey for
their client aswell as for offcial review. Show
some sensitivity andavoid words andlanguage
that make the client look bad or suggest they are
going toworkin violation of the law. For
example, do not suggest that their activities will
damage or destroy a site--you have
been
contracted to prevent that from happening.
Remember, the most extensive impactto sites
within construction zones comes from the
archaeological investigations carried out before
construction canbegin. You would
object to
having
your
careful
excavation described
as
destruction of a site, and such terms reflect equally
badly on your client.
Administrative Summary (Abstract) and
Introduction
The Administrative Summary (Abstract) should
provide a brief synopsis of the project. Topics that
must be covered include the name of the firm that
conducted the survey, date of the survey, name
and mailing address of the client (if applicable),
client project number (if any), general location of
the project area (including county), amount of land
examined,who owns the land, results of the
survey, and a summary of recommendations(if
applicable). This section should stand alone, so do
not refer the reader to other parts of the report for
specific information. If it is important enough to
be referred to, then it should be discussed. The
same information should be covered in the
Introduction, but in greater detail. The
Introduction should also contain a list of project
personnel and a discussion of all cultural
properties within project limits, includingnewly
and previously recorded sites. Brietly summarize
survey results and any recommendations you may
have concerning culturalthe properties
encountered. The numberand expiration date of
all applicable permits mustbeincluded in both
sections. Only reference permits that are relevant
to the project being reported, anddonot cite
federal, state, or local laws that do not apply.
Proposed Actions
The actions proposed for the project area must
be fully described for CRM surveys. What does
the clientplantodo? Discuss the extent of the
project, the size of the project area, size of any
additional survey outside the project area, and the
type ofconstruction that will occur. Distinguish
between the project areu and the survey area,
especially if additional acreage wasinspected
around project boundaries. Be specific! Use these
or similar terms to describe the various parts of
the area thatwasexamined. Do not forget to
mentionanyaccess routes that were inspected.
This sets the stage for discussion of the cultural
resources found during survey and your
recommendations.Both the client and HPD will
want to approach a site that will not be directly
affected by land-altering activities differently from
the way they will one that is. For example, a site
located within project boundaries but outside the
Archaeological Survey Procedural Manual 19
construction zone may be avoided and a temporary
fence built to protect it from disturbance, while a
site within the construction zone will have to be
examinedin more detail. In order to make these
decisions, HPD needs detailed information about
the project.
Project Area
The project area mustbe fully described by
UTM coordinates andlocation description. Any
additional survey areas that were examined should
also be includedand clearly labeled as such on
project maps. Separately describe the dimensions
of the project area and any additionalsurvey areas,
andcalculate the acreage containedin both. For
linear surveys atleasttwopoints--thebeginning
and end of the project (BOP and E0P)--must be
described by their UTM coordinates, More points
are helpful on long linear surveys, particularly if
theychange direction several times.Location
descriptions are also needed for eachparcelof
land traversed by a linear survey; list each % '/4
or 1/4 5/4 1/4 section that was crossed. The UTM
coordinates of at least four points (the corners) are
needed for quadrant surveys. Thus, a survey of
several thousand acres would be described by at
least four points, and more if the parcelwas
irregularly shaped or discontinuous parcels were
examined. Again, if additional acreage was
examined around the edge of the project area, list
the UTM coordinates of eachzone separately. You
should also provide information on land
ownership, If there was more than one landowner,
provide location descriptions for each owner's
parcel. This section can be combined with
Proposed Actions. A USGS topographic
quadrangle (or copy thereofi showing the survey
areaand allculturalresourceswithin project
limits must be submitted with the report.
Field Methods
Field methodsmustbeexplicitly described.
Discusscrew size, spacing between transects,
survey conditions (ground visibility, weather,
Archaeological Survey Procedural Manual 20
etc.), andnote
howmany person-days were
required to complete the survey. Discuss the types
of records prepared for each cultural resource. Did
you fill out a Laboratory of Anthropology Site
Record Form, or was a different recording format
used? If the latter, it is helpful to include a copy of
your form. Provide information on the typesof
data recorded at sites and 10s. If a field analysis
wascompleted,detailanysampling techniques
used, the attributes that were analyzed, and
generalanalysistechniques(was pottery temper
examinedwith a 10 powerhand lens, did you
clean artifacts, were any photographed?). How
were sites examined and
mapped? Were
dimensionstaped or paced? Were all visible
artifacts pinflagged, or did yourun transects
across the scatter to determine assemblagesize?
Note where survey records (including site forms
and photographs, field journals, andmaps) are
curated.
Environment
A general discussion of the local environment
helpslandmanagingagenciesand HPD assess
survey results. A detailed reconstruction isnot
expected. Rather, they need to know the general
topography of the project area and the types of
soils and vegetativecommunities that are found
there. Where a few artifacts on the surface of a
deepalluvialsoil may suggest the presence of
subsurface deposits, the same materials onthe
surface of a shallow soil on top of a mesa would
not, A few dozen artifacts in an area covered by
heavyvegetationmight bejustthe tip of the
iceberg, while that many artifacts on a hardpan
probably representsthe extent ofcultural materials
present. Scale the environmental discussion to the
scope of the survey project and the number of sites
found. If you examined a well pad and found no
cultural resources, a paragraph or two should be
sufficient. Conversely, if youexamined several
thousand acres encompassing diverse topographic
zones
andvegetative
communities
and
found
numerous sites, a very detailed discussion may be
necessary.
 Culture History
A detailed discussion of regional culture history
isnot a mandatory section andmaynot be
necessary in all survey reports, thoughit is
required by some agencies. This sectionshould
also be scaled to the amountofwork done, A
quarter-mile pipeline survey that located no sites
does not justify a thirty page culture history; a few
paragraphs will be sufficient. On the other hand,
a 5,000 acre survey which recorded 200 sites may
require a detailed culture history to place the
resources in perspective. Ask your supervisor if
you’re not sure how much detail to include.
Survey Results
All cultural resources identified within project
limits during a survey must be described in this
section. Descriptions must be as specific as
possible, andeach cultural resource should be
treated as though this is the only time it will be
recorded, Descriptions of previously recorded sites
that were revisited should be equivalent to those of
newly recorded sites. 10s need locations (UTM
and location descriptions) and a description. Data
that must be provided for sites includes LA
number(andfieldnumber if a markerwas left
behind), location (UTM and location description),
elevation (in meters and feet), land ownership, site
description and dimensions, and a site map,
Remember that cultural resources are not subject
to provisions of the Freedom of Information Act,
and their locations cannot be releasedto the
general public. Ifyour report will be releasedinto
general circulation it is wise to place site location
information and maps in an appendix that can be
removed from copies that arenotsubmitted to
reviewagencies or other archaeologists, Also
remember that most of the people who read your
report will nothaveaccess to the Site Record
Form, so provide as complete a description as
possible. Youshould include dimensions, date,
cultural affinity, descriptions of structures and
features (including dimensions), a discussion of the
artifact assemblage (including total or estimated
numberof artifacts), andany other information
considered important to understanding or
managing the site. When large numbers of sites
have beenrecordedand revisited it may be
preferable to present site information in a different
format, such as tables. However, this should only
be done in consultation with the appropriate land
managing agency.
From HPD’s point of view, two critical pieces
of data in CRM survey reports are site integrity
and information potential. Note any damage tothe
site, both cultural and natural. Was it badly eroded
or damaged by mechanical equipment? Was there
any evidence of unauthorized digging, or did it
seem intact? It is usually obvious that a site
contains subsurface cultural deposits when
structures or features are present. However, it is
impossible for someone who has never seen a site
to assess its potential when they are lacking. So
give themsome clues. Notewhetheryousaw
buried deposits in a gully wall or the site did not
seem badlydeflated. Even if it’s just a gut feeling,
you must discuss the site’s potential for containing
intact subsu~acedeposits. If there is nogood
basis for determining whether or not subsurface
deposits are present, say so and indicate that
further investigation is necessary. Also remember
that subsurface deposits neednot be present to
make a site important, For example, a Paleoindian
site will almost always be considered important,
whether it is surficial or not. However, a surface
scatter containing a few lithic artifacts may have
little research potential.Be specflc about the site’s
research potential. Make sure youcan clearly
support yourassessment.It is notenoughto
simply say you think a site has research potential;
discuss how and why you came to that conclusion.
InCRM surveys itis also very important to
note the locationof a site in relation to project
boundaries. it Is entirely within project
boundaries, outside them, or partially within? Be
specific. Notewhich structures or features are
inside or outside the project area. If project
boundaries cross a site be sure they are marked on
the site map and discussed in the site description.
Site mapsshould be clear and complete, andas
readable as possible, such that legible monochrome
photocopiescan be made.Mechanicallylabeled
maps are strongly encouraged.
Archaeological Survey Procedural Manual 21
 Summarv and Recommendation8
The final section of a survey report contains a
briefsummaryof the project, its findings, and
recommendations. The latter are especially
important in CRM reports. Recommendations must
be site spec@c, and all cultural properties within
project limits (both new and previously recorded)
should be treated equally. Simply suggesting that
all sites within a right-of-way be testedisnot
enough; list them!When a site does notfall
completely withinproject limits specify howmuch
of it is withinthe project area and which structures
or features fall within project boundaries. Both the
client and the land managing agency wantto know
exactly how much work will need to be done in the
future. The more specificyou are,the better.
Include a table or narrative discussion of site
evaluations and qualify those evaluations. For
example, if a site extends a short way into the
right-of-way but you don't think any further
investigations are warranted in that area, discuss
your rationale for that opinion. Also, coordinate
your recommendations withthe client so they will
reflect the actual treatment plannedfor the cultural
resources found during a survey. Do not
recommend project changes or management
options without consulting the client.
Be aware that certain words and phrases should
be avoidedin CRM reports unlessyouwere
specifically hired to provide those sorts of
management information. Know the legal
implications of these words if you use them. For
example, "significant," "significance," "mitigate,"
"mitigation," "no effect," "no adverse effect," and
"adverse effect" have legal connotations that can
cause problems in the review process if they are
used incorrectly. Discussion of the project's effects
on cultural resources should only be prepared by
the agency completing the consultations that are
required by historic preservation laws and not by
the archaeologist conducting the survey unless they
were specifically requested to do so by the client.
Archaeologists
can
make observations and
recommendations,but
they do not
actually
determine the significance of cultural resources.
Concentrate on describing whatiswithin the
project area and on theimportance of the materials
Archaeological Survey Proceduml Manual 22
rather than on assigning these words. Similarly,
we cannot give clientspermission to proceed with
construction and must be careful to avoid wordsor
phrasing that might be construed as authorizingit.
Project approval is issued by federal, state, local,
and tribal authorities only after the review process
has been completed.
Attachments. Data Compendia. and Appendixes
Attachments, data compendia,. qnd appendixes
contain sensitive information, and these sections
will be removedfrom copies distributed to the
public. This can include site location information,
traditional cultural property data, and other
sensitive or classified information, Check with the
land managing agency to determine what types of
sensitive information may be required and whom
they need to be released to. A data compendium
shouldalso be included, containing copies of
project and site forms, site photos (if required),
and other pertinent information.
General Observations
The wording and subject matterof survey
reports must reflect a number of legal as well as
archaeological concerns, particularly in CRM
work. Survey reports are readby a numberof
authorities, notallofwhom are archaeologists.
Thus, the reports should be written in a
straightforward style using as little archaeological
jargon or slang as possible. It is important to
communicate information inreports to everyone in
a professional and positive way.
Aside from the IegaMocational requirements,
the purpose of the report is to describe cultural
resources. Do not give the artifacts and sites short
shift. This may be the only time they will ever be
visited, so you must provide as much information
as possible within the constraints of time and
budget. Describe the site and its features to the
best of your ability. No site is "typical," each site
is unique. If you take the time to describe it, this
will be apparent to the reviewer. This philosophy
appliesequallyto 1 0 s . If itisworth recording,
then spend a few extra minutes writing a complete
description.
It is also critical to produce clear, accurate maps
of sites that were recorded or revisited during
survey. Site maps are important for two reasons.
First, they visually represent what you saw at the
site when it was recorded. As such, they
supplement and expand the narrative description.
Second, they show the modern setting of the site
and can be used to help relocate it. So be sure to
place modern features on the map in addition to
those related to occupation of the site, particularly
if they can be used to help find it again at some
time in the future. Make sure that everything
placed on a map is clearly labeled!
Archaeologists occasionally treat survey as a
poor relation because the information recovered is
minimalwhencomparedto testing and data
recovery, This is unfortunate, since survey is one
of the most important things we do as
archaeologists. Accurately locating and describing
sites is the first step in any
archaeological
endeavor. Interpreting surface remains and
descriptively disseminating that informationis a
learned talent, the importance of which cannot be
overestimated. Too often survey reports contain
site descriptions that are briefto the point of
inadequacy. For example, a lithic artifact scatter
may be described asmeasuring about 8 by 4
meters, containing a light scatter of obsidian and
basalt flakes. This tells us very little. The
dimensions are unspecific. What constitutes a
"light" scatter, and arethe artifacts really all
flakes? Concentrations of artifacts should be
discussed; counts or estimates of pottery, debitage,
and tools should be given; other possible surface
features discussed; material types described; etc.
A few additional sentences will give the reviewer
a much clearer idea of what the site actually looks
like.
Archaeological Survey Procedural Manual 23
 APPENDIX 1: GLOSSARY OF TERMS

additional survey area Land examinedaround the perimeter of a project area to determine
whether cultural resources occur beyond project boundaries. Sometimes
referred to as a buffer zone,

ARMS Archeological Records Management Section, a branch of the Historic

Preservation Division.

client In CRM work, the person, company, or agency for whom a survey is
completed.

CRM Cultural resource management; also sometimes referred to as contract

archaeology.

cultural properties Areas containingculturally produced artifacts, features, or structures that

can be categorized as sites, isolated occurrences, or historical structures.
Definitions for these categories will vary between agencies.

data recovery The final step in the treatment of cultural resources in the field. Data
recovery is the excavation of sites that have been determined byHPD in
consultation with other interested parties to be important or have the
potential to yield important information and cannot be avoided by land-
altering activities.

HPD Historic Preservation Division; makes decisions concerning the

significance of cultural resources and whether a more intensive study
should be completed,and coordinates meeting the requirements of
historic preservation legislation.

inventory area The entire area examined by a survey, including the project area and any
additional survey area. Also referred to as survey area.

LA number The LA number is a unique designation assigned to each site registered

with ARMS,

land managing agency Federal, state, tribal, or local entities that own, control, or hold land in
trust for the public.

location description Description of a location using the township and section system of land
division.

NMCRLS New Mexico Cultural Resource Information Section. The statewide

cultural resource data base administered by ARMS.

NRHP National Register of Historic Places.

project area The zone that will be examined by a survey; the right-of-way or
construction area in CRM work.

Archaeological Survey Proceduml Manual 25

SRCP State Register of Cultural Properties.

survey The first phase of archaeological fieldwork, inwhich sites and other
cultural resources are located and documented.Also known as inventory.

testing Testing can range from limited useof a trowel or soil auger to assess the
potentialof an areatocontain subsurface remains, to more formal
programs to assess the extent, nature, andimportance of cultural
resources.

USGS topographic Topographic maps produced at scales of 1:24,OOO,1:25,OOO,

quadrangle 1:62,500, and 1:1oO,OOO by the U.S. Geological Survey.

UTM coordinates Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system; divides the earth into
a series of 1 krn square cells, each numbered separately by its distance
from the origin point of the grid system,

Archaeological Survey Procedural Manual 26

 APPENDIX 2: LEGISLATION AFFECTING CULTURAL RESOURCES
There arethree basic levels oflawsand
regulations affecting cultural resource surveys:
federal, state, and local. Federal regulations affect
all projects conducted on lands administered by a
federal agency, in which federal funds are used, or
that have any other federalinvolvement. Thus,
work done on BLM or USDA Forest Service land
is covered by federal regulations, as are surveys
on private landwhen a road is to be built or
reconstructedwith
Federal
Highway
Administration funds. Most state regulations
pertain only to projects conducted on state-owned
land or to state agencies sponsoring state-funded
undertakings regardless ofland ownership. An
exceptionto this is the NewMexicoUnmarked
Burial Statute, which applies to both state and
private lands. Finally, local statutes havebeen
enacted in areas to protect cultural resources.
Included in this category are such regulations as
the Navajo Nation Cultural Resources Protection
Act, which applies to lands controlled and owned
by the NavajoNation(inaddition to federal
regulations).
Federal Legislation
Antiquities Act of 1906 (P.L. 59-209; 34 Stat.
225; 16 U.S.C. 432, 433). This is the basic
legislation for the preservation and protection of
antiquities on all federal land. It provides penalties
for those who excavate or appropriate the values
without secretarial permit; provides for the
establishmentby presidential proclamation of
nationalmonuments from the publiclands;and
provides for permits for investigation of cultural
and scientific resources to be issuedto public,
scientific, and educational institutions.
Uniform Rules and Regulations (43 CFR Part 3
and DM Part 310.7.6). These rules were issued by
the secretaries of the Interior, Agriculture, and
War (now Defense) to carry out the provisions of
the Antiquities Act.
Historic Sites Act of 1935 (P.L. 74-292; Stat.
49
666; U.S.C. 461 et seq.). This law declares it a
national policy to identifl and preserve for public
use historic sites, buildings, objects, and
antiquities of national significance for the
inspiration and benefit of the people.
Native
American
Graves
Protection
and
RepatriationAct (NAGPRA) (P.L. 101-601).
This act provides for the protection of Native
American graves, human remains, funerary
objects, sacred objects, and cultural patrimony.
The act discusses ownership, excavation of
remains, emergency discoveries, museum
responsibilities, and repatriation.
National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (P.L.
89-665; 80 Stat. 915; 16 U.S.C. 470), as amended
(P.L. 94-422;90 Stat. 1313 and P.L. 94458; 90
Stat. 1939). This act expands the national policy
toward cultural resources to include those of state
andlocalaswell as national significance. These
resources should be preserved as a living part of
our community life and developed to give a sense
of orientation to the American people. It also
establishes the National Register of Historic
Places, the Advisory Council on Historic
Preservation, state historic preservation oEcers,
and a matchinggrants-in-aid program for the
National Trust. Section 106 directs allfederal
agencies to take into account the effects of their
actions on properties includedin or eligible for
inclusionin the NationalRegister of Historic
Places and affords opportunities for the Advisory
Council on Historic Preservation to comment on
the proposed actions and their effects. The
procedures for completing these requirements and
for assessing effect are included in 36 CFR 800.
The procedures for determining if properties are
important and, as a result, require consideration
under the act are included in 36 CFR 60 (this
establishes the National Registerof Historic Places
andincludes the criteria usedto determine if a
property is important).
It is important to realize that this act applies to
federal lands and undertakings that utilize federal
funds. Agencies such
as the Department of
Archaeological Survey Procedural Manual 27
Transportation, whoseactions may involve no
federally ownedlandsat all, must still comply.
The acthasbeenamendedto provide for the
withholding from disclosure to the public any
information relating to the locationof sites or
objects listed on the National Register of Historic
Places if the disclosure of specific information
would create a risk of destruction or harm to such
sites or objects.
Section 4(f). This is a procedure included in the
Department of Transportation Actof 1966. It
requires the agencies in the Department of
Transportation toconsiderprudentand feasible
alternatives to transportation undertakingsthat
have significant impacts on certain historic
properties (or other defined properties), It does not
apply in situations where historic properties that
are important only for their information potential
have been identified.
National Environmental Policyof 1969 (P.L. 91-
190; 83 Stat. 852; 42 U.S.C. 4321). This law
establishes a national policy for the protection and
enhancementof the environment. Part of the
function of the federal government in protecting
the environment is to "preserve important historic,
cultural, and natural aspects of our national
heritage.'I
Executive
Order 11593 ("Protection and
Enhancementof the Cultural Environment," 36
C.F.R. 8921, May 13, 1971). This order directs
allfederalagenciestoinventory their cultural
resources; to submit to the National Register of
Historic Places allqualified sites meeting the
criteria; to protect allnominated sites; and, in
consultation withthe Advisory Councilon Historic
Preservation 16 (U.S.C. 470i), to institute
procedures to assure that federal plans
and
programs contribute to the preservation and
enhancementnonfederally
of owned sites,
structures, and objects of historical, architectural,
or archaeological significance.
Federal Land PolicyandManagementAct of
1976 (P.L. 94-579; 90 Stat. 2743; 43 U.S.C.
1701). This act directs the Bureau of Land
Managementtomanage lands on the basis of
multiple use and in a manner that will "protect the
Archaeological Survey Pmceduml Manual 28
quality of scientific, . . . historical, . . . [and]
environmental . . . resourcesandarchaeological
values," and that, where appropriate, will preserve
andprotectcertainpubliclandsin their natural
condition. The act authorizes the disposition,
exchange,andacquisitionof land; requires the
inventory of public land; provides for long-range,
comprehensive resource planning; authorizes the
secretary of the interior to make rules and
regulationspertaining to the public lands; and
provides for the enforcement of public land laws
and regulations.
Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979
and as amended 1988 (ARPA): This law defines
archaeological
resources
and
establishes
procedures for conducting investigations. Italso
sets penalties for unauthorized collection, removal,
or defacement.Felonychargesmaybeimposed
when damage exceeds a value of $500.
Onshore Oil and Gas Order No. 1 (OOGO#1)
(43 CFR Part 3160). This order revises Notice to
Lesseesand Operators of Federal and Indian
Onshore Oiland Gas Leases No. 6 (NTL-6). It
also
reflects
changes resulting from the
consolidation of all onshore mineral leasing and
operational functions in the Bureau of
Land
Management.
43 CFR Part 7. This provides conditionsand
procedures for permitsto be issued for
archaeological work under ARPA.
Curation of Federally Owned and Administered
ArchaeologicalCollections(36 CFR Part 79).
This law establishes standards and guidelines for
the curationofmaterialremainsandassociated
records recovered in association with federal
projects and programs. It ensures that those
collections are stored in facilities with adequate
long-term curatorial capabilities.
State and Local Legislation
Navajo NationCultural Resources Protection
Act (Tribal Council Resolution CMY-19-88). The
agency responsible for protection, preservation,
and management planning for the Navajo Nation’s
cultural resources is the Navajo Nation’s Historic
Preservation Department within the Division of
Resources. This act establishes a permitting
system: Class A,casual visitation of cultural
properties; Class B, cultural resource inventory
activities not involving collection or disturbance;
and Class C, cultural resource investigations
involving collection, excavation, and ethnographic
research.
New Mexico Cultural Properties Act, This is the
state law that protects cultural properties. It
requires that a permit be obtain4 to excavate a
cultural resource and requires state agenciesto
consider, in consultation with the Historic
Preservation Division, the effectofproposed
undertakings on registered cultural properties,
New Mexico Prehistoric and Historic Sites
Preservation Act. This law is modeled after the
Department of Transportation Act of 1966 4(Q.
However, it applies only to projects that utilize
state moneyand that affect properties already
listed on the State Register of Cultural Properties
or the National Register of Historic Places. It is
notrelated to any federal historic preservation
laws.
New Mexico Unmarked Burial Statute, This law
protects human remains in unmarked burials on
state or private land. Like the federal act, it
applies to the organization that finds them and not
to the sponsoring agency or the undertaking. The
statute includes a process to be followedwhen
human remains are encountered and
includes
permit and penalty provisions.
Note: Parts of this appendix are excerpted and
revised from the Farmington ELM Procedures for
Compliance.
Archaeological Survey Procedural Manual 29
APPENDIX 3: SURVEY FORMS

Archaeological Survey Procedural Manual 31

LABORATORY OF ANTHROPOLOGY SITE RECORD FORM
 LABORATORY OF ANTHROPOLOGY SITE RECORD
- 1. IDENTIFICATION8 OWNERSHIP
1

Number: I I I I I I I (call ARMS for sile registratian) 0 Site Update? (complete at lemt pp. 1-2; see Usetr Guide)

Site Name(s):
Site Other Numbers: Assigning
*Agency Number:

“Current Site Owner(s):

* aovernmem entitles: enter agency name& udminislrative unit; Private owners: emer w n e r name(?,) 8. address (if known); Land grants: enter grant
name.

- 2. RECORDING INFORMATION

NMCRIS Activity No.: I I I I I I , (assigned

during sire registration)

SiteField Number: Site Marker? no

(specify
yes ID#):
Recorder(s):
Agency: Recording Date: I I I I ,-, I I I I
(e& 12-APR-1994) day month year

Site
Accessibility 0accessible 0buried (sterile overburden)
(choose one): flooded urbanized 0notaccessible
Surface Visibility (% visible; choose one): 0 0 % 0 1 - 25 0 26 50 YO 0 51 - 75% OO
/ I -
76 99 YO 100 oi0
Remarks:
e o r d i n g Activities: 0photography
sketch mapping [3 shovel or trowel tests; probes
0 instrument mapping (e.g., plane table mapping) test excavation (forNR Eligibility, determinationof effect)
surface collection (controlledor uncontrolled) 0 excavation (data recovery)
c]in-field
analysis
artifact (specify):
activity
other
Description of Analysis or Excavation Activities:

Photographic Documentation:

Surface
Collection (choose one): surface
no collections controlled
surface
collections
(sample: <loo%)
uncontrolled surface collections 0controlled surface collection (complete:1000/0)
17 collections of specific items only other collection method (describe below)
Surface Collection Methods:

s o d s Inventory: 0sitelocationmap 0excavation,collection,analysis records fieldjournals,notes

0sketchmap@) 0photos,slides,andassoc.records 0 NM HistoricBuildingInventoryform
0instrumentmap(s) 0otherrecords(specify):
Repository for Original Site
Recorda:
Repository for Collected Artifacts:
- 4. RECOMMENDATIONS

*National
Register
Eligibility (choose
one): 0eligible 0
eligible
not 0 not sure
*Applicable
Criteria: 0important
assoc.
w/events
(a) distinctive
architectural style,(c)
etc.
assoc.
important
w/ persons (b) information
potential
(d)
Basis for Recommendation:

**Assessment of Project Impact:

~~ ~~~~ ~~~

"Treatment Recommendations:

'recordets OPINION only --this is NOT an officlal dsterminalionof NR sliglbillty "* pehormlng agency: consult wnh sponsorlng agency beforecompleting these data l t m s

- 5. SHPO CONSULTATIONS (for SHPO use only)

SHPO Determination (choose
one): eligible [7 not
eligible 0notdetermined Criteria: 0a. 0b. c. 0 d.
Date:
HPD staff: 1 I I-L 1 I 1-1 I I I I HPD Log NO.:
(e.g.,12-APR-1994) day month year

Register
Status: listed on National
Register 0 listed on StateRegister [7 formal
determination of eligibility
State RegisterNo.:
Remarks:
 LA Number: I I I I 1 I Field Number:

-6. LOCATION 3

e r c e Graphics:
[7 USGS 7.5' topographic maps rectified
aerial
photos
Scale:
0other topographic
Scale:
maps 0unrectified
Scale:
photos
aerial
0GPS Unit 0other sourcegraphics(describe):
UTM Coordinates (center of site): Zone: I I I Eul I I I I , O l N, I I I I l~ I 1 0 ,
Nearest Named Drainage(name, dist., & dir.):

Nearest NumberedRoad (name, dist., & dir.):

In highway R-O-W? TT)
Directions to Site:

Town (if in city limits): State: County:

USGS Quadrangle Name and Date: USGS Code:
-
I I I I I 1-
-
I I I I I 1 -

Unplatted
Meridian Township Range Section Protracted
114 Sections
1 I I I N S I I 1 I E W 1 I I I - - ~

- 7. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
Dimensions:
Site X meters Basis for Dimensions (choose
one): 0estimated 0measured
ma%. length max. width

Site Area: sq m Basis for Area (choose one): estimated 0 measured Elevation: I I I I 1 I feet

SiteBoundariesComplete? (choose
one): yes no (explain):

Basis for SiteBoundaries: distribution of archeologicalfeatures & artifacts 0 modernfeatures or grounddisturbance

0topographicfeatures property
lines 0other criteria (specify):
DepositionalErosional Environment: 0alluvial aeolian 0colluvial 0residual 0 notapplicable (on bedrock)
r] other process (describe):
Stratigraphy & Depth of Arch.Deposits (choose one): 0unknownhot determined 0 no subsurfacedepositspresent
subsurface
deposits
present [7 stratified
subsurface
deposits
present
Estimated Depthof Deposits:

a i s for Depth
Determinations: 0 estimated shovel or trowel
tests 0core/auger tests 0excavations
road or arroyo cuts rodent
burrows other
observations
(Specify):
 LA Number:

-
I I I

7. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION (cont.)

I I I

Observations on Subsurface Archeological Deposits:

I Number:
Field

. . . ...
4

NearestWater Source (chooseone): 0spring/seep [II perennialstream/river intermittentstream/arroyo 0 perenniallake

km Site:
lakelplayafromDistance
intermittent (specify): 0
source other
Local Vegetation (list observed plantsin decreasing order of dominance):
Overstory:

Understory:

". ..

Vegetation
Community
(choose
one
two):
or 0forest 0woodland r] grassland 0scrubland 0desert
scrubland
0marshland 0othercommunity(specify):
Topographic Location: bench 0dune 0low rise 0ridge
0blowout 0flood plain/valtey 0mesa/butte rockshelter

arroyolwash canyon rim 0foothill/mountain front mountain saddle

badlands 0cave hill slope 0open canyon floor talus stope

0base of cliff cliff/scarp/bluff hill top 0terrace
base of
talus
slope 0constrictedcanyon 0lavaflow(malpais) 0playa
other location (describe):
Observations on Site Setting:

- 8. ASSEMBLAGE DATA
Assemblage
Content (all components):
Prehistoric
Ceramics 0 diagnostic
ceramics
Lithics wholeceramic vessel 0 otherhistoricceramics
0 lithicdebitage 0 diagnosticceramics Other Artifacts and Materials
0 chipped-stonetools otherprehistoricceramics 0 bonetools
r] diagnosticprojectilepoints Historic Artifacts 0 faunalremains
0 non-locallithicmaterials diagnosticglassartifacts 0 macrobotanicalremains
0 stone tool manufacturingitems other glass artifacts architecturalstone
(cores, hammerstones, etc.)

ground-stone
tools 0
diagnostic
artifacts
metal
metal
artifacts
other
burned
adobe
firecracked rocklburned
caliche
0
whole ceramic vessel
0 otheritems(specify):
 Number:
LA I I I I I J Number:
Field

- 8. ASSEMBLAGE DATA (cont.)

5
‘please provlde rough counts (t/-10 items) If estimaed frequency is less than 100 hems.

w m b l a g e Size (all components):

estimated
frequency
0 1s 1os 100s 1,000s ~10,000 *counts (if c: 100)
lithic artifacts (chooseone):
(incl. debirage)
0 0 0 a
prehist. ceramics (choose one): 0 0 0 0 0
historic
artifacts
(choose
one): 0 0 0 a
total assemblage size (choose one): [7 0 0 0 0 0
Dating
Potential: 0 radiocarbon dendrochronology 0 archeomagnetisrn 0 obsidian hydration
r] relativetechniques (e.g., typeseriation) 0 othermethods(specify):
Assemblage Remarks:

- 9. CULTURALmEMPORAL AFFILIATIONS
(attach continuation sheets for component #3 and greaier)
Total Number of Defined Components:

Component #1 (earliest) (‘See NMCRIS Guidelines for valid pencds, defauk

occupation dates, and phasdmplex names)

Cultural
Affiliation
(choose
one): 0 Paleoindian 0Archaic 0Anasazi r] Mixed Anasazi - Mogollon 0Mogollon
0Casas
Grandes 0Hohokam Plains
Village 0Plains
Nomad
Navajo Apache 0 Ute n Pueblo
Hispanic 0Anglo/Euro-American unknown affil. 0other affiliation(identify):
BasisforTemporalAffiliations(chooseone): 0not applicable basedonassociatedchronometricdataorhistoricrecords
0based on associated diagnostic artifact or feature types 0based on analytically derived assemblage dataor archeological experience
‘Period Date
Earliest Period: -
Period Latest (if any): (leave blank to use defauil omupatm dates)

Dating
Status: 0 radiocarbon 0 dendrochronology 0 archeornagnetism obsidian
hydration
relativedatingmethods(e.g.,typeseriation) othermethods(specify):
Basis for CuRuralTTemporal Affiliations:

SitelComponent
Type
(choose
one): Simple Feature@) 0Artifact
Scatter Artifact
Scatter w/ Features
0 Single Residence 0 MultipleResidence ResidentialComplex/Community r] Industrial
Military 0 RanchinglAgriculturaI 0 Transportation/Communication
c]Other Type (specify type and explain in Remarks):

*Ass=. PhaselComplex Name(s):

 LA Number: I 1 I I I I Number:
Field
- 9. CULTURALflEMPORAL AFFILIATIONS (cont.)
6

Component #2
Cultural
Affiliation
(choose
one):
(.See NMCRIS Guldellnes for valid periods,default occupation dates, and p h a s d m p l e x names)

0 Paleoindian 0Archaic Anasazi Mixed Anasazi - Mogollon r] Mogollon

e
Casas Glandes Hohokam Plains
Village [7 Plains
Nomad 0 Navajo 0Apache 0Ute 0 Pueblo
0Hispanic 0AnglolEuro-American 0unknownaffil. 0other affiliation(identify):
Basis for TemporalAffiliations(chooseone): 0 not applicable based on associatedchronometric data or historicrecords
based on associated diagnostic artifactor feature types based on analytically derived assemblagedata or archeological experience
"Begin
*Period of Occupation: Date Date *End
Earliest Period: -
~

Latest Period (if any): (leave bknk to u88 default occupation dRte9)

Dating
Status: 0 0 dendrochronology
radiocarbon archeomagnetism 0 obsidian
hydration
0 relativedatingmethods(e.g.,typeseriation) 0 othermethods(specify): __I,,___II,.,__

Basis for Cultural~emporalAffiliations:

SitelComponent
Type
(choose
one): 0Simple
Feature(s) Artifact
Scatter
Artifact
Scatter
Features
w/
0Single
Residence Multiple
Residence 0 Residential
ComplexlCommunity 0 Industrial
U Military U Ranching/AgriculturaI L!Transportation/Communication
cify Type 0Other in Remarks): 6
Remarks:

"Assoc. PhaselComplex Name(s):

. ."

- 10. FEATURE DATA "Assoc.

*Reliable Component.
No.
Type Feature ID?Feature
Nos.
Observed ID, Notes

* mtnr " ? " foruncertainLdentifications "

.
see sactK)n 9 (Cuhural-Temporal Affiliations) for Component Nmbera; enterzeroforunknowncomponent assodations
SITE RECORD FORM CONTINUATION SHEETS
 MUSEUM OF NEW MEXICO CONTINUATION SHEET
PROJECT: SITE: FEATURE: SHEET NO:

5 Squarem 10 the Ccntimeter

0 recycled/acld-free paper
LABORATORY OF ANTHROPOLOGY PROJECT RECORD FORM
 ‘.73 LABORATORY OF ANTHROPOLOGY PROJECT/ACTIVITY RECORD
- 1. PROJECT DATA
1

NMCRIS Project No.: 1 I I I I Project

Parent No.: e I I I I

(AFMS Prolea Nos. are Pssylned durlng me reglsratmnor prcfiela r m r d s ChcCXS: See NMCRlS USLfJ Guldel

Sponsoring Agency:
Project Name:
Project Dates: I I I-l I I I-l I I I I to , 1-1 I I 1-1 I I I I
day month year day month yew
ProjectType (choose one): cultural resource management
reglonal ortopical overview 0research project
0othertype (specify):
Project Description (optional):

Proposed
Action: [7 materials pit/stockpile a transmission line 2 military target Site 0reservoir/dam
a research project 0 railroad exchange
land 0
seismic
line water system
drill hole 0 road/highway 0fence
management
land
line project
other action (specify):
mining 0buried pipeline/cable 0trail a buildinglfacility
Other Permitting Agencies :

- 2 . GENERAL ACTIVITY DATA

(“s reglsaanonor preAsld rewrds c h e c k : sa* NMCRlS U S R ~
miry Ne$. are asslgnrd dunng 911s Quldd
S
NMCRIS A c t i v i t y No.: I I I I I

Performing Agency :

A c t i v i t y ID: A c t i v i t y Name:
Activity
Dates: I I I I
-I I I i 1 to I 1-1 1 1 - 1
I

day month year day Y month

A c t i v i t y Type: 0research design preparation 0archeological excavation E monitonng/damage assmt.
r] cult. res. overview/lit. review(C1ass 1) 0archeologicalsurvey (Class 2 or 3) 0ethnographic study
0archeologicaltesting 0collections and non-field studies
0other activity (specify):
Activity Description (optional):

Studies & Analyses

Performed: a faunalanalyses c!tree-ring
dating architecturalstudiE
lahic technology human osteology E pollen, phytolith analysis a historic artifact analyses
lithic tool typology arctieomagnetic
dating
macrobotanical analysis 0historic records
studies
ceramic technology obsidian hydrationdating 0site
distribution a soils, stratigraphy, geomorphology
0ceramic typology radiocabon dating
isolated artifact distribution 0geology, lithic material
sourcing
0ethnography/oralhistory other analysis (specify):

- 3. S U R V E Y ACTIVITIES
Surveyed:
AreaTotal acres Total Activity Area (if <1000/ocoverage): acres

Survey
Intensity (chooseone): intensive(BLMC1ass 3; 100%) reconnaissance (BLMClass 2; 4 O O Y o )
Survey
Configuration: totalsurvey units 0block
survey units 0linear survey units
0other survey units (specify):
Survey Scope (choose one): [7 non-selective (allcomponents recorded) 3 selective/thematic (selected componentsrecorded)
Survey Coverage (choose one): 17 systematic pedestriancoverage (e.g., systematic transects) 0other coverage method
Interval:
Standard
Survey meters Standard Crew Size:
 NMCRIS A c t i v i t y No.:, . ,
- 3 . S U R V E Y ACTIVITIES (cont.)
~

Source Graphics: 0copies in report 0copies attached to repon or form

0USGS 7.5' topographic maps 0rectified aerialphotos Scale:
0
topographic
other Scale:
maps 0unrectified
Scale:
photos
aerial
a GPS Unit other source (describe)
+

Survey Results: sites discovered

registered:
and total sites visited
sites discovered and NOTregistered: Total isolated occurrences
recorded:
previously recorded sites revisited: I 0 Non-selectiveIO recording?
'Land Ownership: (a~chmnDnuaUonrhsOrnbrsddHronalIandownerg) Surveyed:
Acres
State:

* Governrncnr entiues: enteragencynme & adrnmISiratIvt unrr; Pnvate wnt1t and L & M Grana: mmDme rn!n OnePmatE'grOUP.

CountieslStates Surveyed:
USGS Quadrangles included insurvey (Quad name/Date): (aMcharnonwhonrnaersbraddltionalquads) USGS code:
I I I I I I
-
I I
-

Previously Registered Sites (LAnos.):

New Sites (Mnos.):

-
4 . NON S U R V E Y ACTIVITIES
Investigated Sites (LAnos.):

- 5 . R E P O R T INFORMATION
Document Type (chooseone): 0manuscript 0article in magazine
0report, monograph,
or book volume
report
series
in 0dissertationlthesis
0 title in edited collection 0article
journal
in (7 paper
presented at meeting
other document type (specify):
Year Issued: 0no date [IIdraft? Main Author:
iasf name, drst name mlddlc tnlual

Additional Authors:
R r a namt mldole rnmal 1-1 name. ..other author3 *..

Title # I :

~~ ~~~

Tit le# 2 (addtl. citation data):

Prepared By:
Preparing Agency Report No.:
Published By (publisher, city, state):
Report Recipient:
Other Agency Report Nos.:
 Page 1 of 1
NMCRIS ACTIVITY AND SITE REGISTRATION REQUEST
Fax to (505) 476-1320 E-mail to rerrister[a),arms.state.nrn.us

NMCRIS Activity Number: (assigned by ARMS/NMCFUS-LEAVE BLANK)

Name: Today’s Date: 3-May-2002
Fax: Phone: E-mail:
Sponsoring Agency:
Performing Agency:
Report Recipient:
Total
acres surveyed: Tribal
acres surveyed: Total sites visited:
Type of Investigation: 0research design overview 0test excavations
0excavationddata recovery survey/inventory 0collectionshon-field studies
0monitorinddamage assessment ethnographic study
0 other activities (specify):
Activity ID:

Site Information:

* assigned by ARMVNMCRIS-LEAVE BLANK unless a site revisit (sitehas been previouslyassigned LA #)

*x --enter
“Structural”
“Non-structural”
or
--“Structural” sites have “features,” as definedby NMCRIS.
--“Non-structural” sites do not have features.
*x* --enter .‘Prehistoric”, “Historic”, “Prehist/Historic”, o r “Unknown”
--single component sites are either “Prehistoric”,“Historic”, or “Unknown.”
--multicomponent sites are “Prehistoric”, “Historic”, or, “Prehist/Historic”, but NOT“Unknown.”
(Le., ignore “Unknown” components in multicomponent sites)

Use the NMCRISActivitv and Site Repistration Extension Sheet to Reoister

Activities with more than10
FOREST SERVICE SITE INVENTORY FORMS
 PROJECT NAME:. '. ' ' .
(Ref: FSM 23,61.7)

a14 t6

USFS
Site Nucnkr

hironmentrl rnd Site Oeseriptive Information faid #2) .

1

LANDFORM + ELEVATION

m:; 22
CULTURAL CLASSIFICATION:
 (Reference: FSM 2361) , . ,
, .
. -- I

1. REPORT NUMBER: .. 2 REPORT DATE 3. ROUTING: Copies to

0 District . 0 SHPO
YEAR FOREST NUMBER. SERIES MONTH DAY YEAR 0 RO 0 2360'
0 so:
0 Other:

......
. . , .

lJONltp.2

7. CONSULTAWONICLEARANCE
Am M T
OIN SOF CLEARANCE: 0 NONE (No potentially eligible sites in project area)
0 AVOID sites specified below 0 MONITOR sites specHied below '
0 REWRT new sites to Fomt ArchdoQkt - 0 OTHEWAWmONALCOMMENTS

0 mt p . 2
8. ADOiTiONAL FIELDWORK REQLIIRU): 0 WAUIATE sites specified beW 0 Other:

C REPORTACCEPTED: 0. CLEARANCE RECOMMENDED.

OYES O N 0 - OYES O N 0 O N l A FORESTARCHEOLOGIST DATE
E.EFFECT ON CULTURAL RESOURCES:
0 No E f f d 0 No Adverse 0 A ~ V W S R
~ NIA 0 Benefichi
F. TRANSMlllAl TO SHPO: Consultation on:
Cl Effect 0 Eligibility 0 Info Only
FORESTSUPERVISOR DATE
3 NO .
G. SHPO CONCURRENCE 0 YES 0 YES. par comment below I + .
Comments: (0.Additional Comments attached)

SHPO . DATE

H. CLEARANCEAPPROVED YES a NO
 .. . . .. .
. .,

8. RANGER DISTRICT .I I- 1 : 23. PROJECT LOCATION (Surveys only): . ..

9. PROJECT FUNCTION: u T. R. Sec.

10. PRIMARY
ACTIVITY WPE u T. R. SeC.

11. SECONDARY ACTIVITYTYPE u T. R, Sec.

12. PROGRAMMING:
. ,
U T. R. Sec.

1-1
13. TOTAL PROJECT ACREAGE: 24 INSTITUTIONCONWCTING PROJECTSURVEY:
. .
,
,
.
.
14. ACREAGE COMPLETELY Irl
SURVEYED: I 't I I 1 ~ M P L E : II 1% Name of Institution

16.ACREAGE RESURVEYED 1 I I I I 1
25. AVERAGE NUMBER OF
17. TOTALNUMBER OF SITES 18. NEW INOlVlOUAlSUSED: . I I I !;.
INPROJECTAREA: I I 1 I SITES: I I I I
26.AVERAGE INDIVIOUAU
TRANSECTSPACING I I I 1 (Feet)
19. SITES EVALUATED 20.SITESEVALUATED
I
ELIGIBLE I I I NOTELIGISE L I I 1
27. FIELD HOURS
(By ProfessionalCRM Specialist,
' Request SHPO Concurrence) 28. lAB/LIS HOURS.
29.TRAVEL HOURS:
21. SITES INSPECTED, I

30.ADMIN. HOURS:
MONTORED, ENHANCED, ETC.: (RD- SO:-)
(Projects other than survey, evaluation)
31. MILEAGE u
22 RECOMMENDED DflERMINATION 32. PER DIEM RATE U
OFEFFECT: u (Initial: )
33. DAYS OF PER OEM: W
(By USFS Professional CRM Specialist)
1. No Effect
34.COST WEIGHT FACTOR u
2. No Adverse Effect
3.Adverse Effect
. 35.COST(CO0E): LI
4. Not Applicable or
5. Beneficial Effect
36.ACTUAL COST u
37. REMARKS/CONTINUATIONfrom page 1: