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Application
Hydrometer analysis is done to measure the proportion of particles smaller than
0.075 mm.
Equipment
ASTM 152H Hydrometer
Mixer cup
Two 1000 cc graduated cylinder
Thermometer
Constant Temperature Bath
Sodium hexametaphosphate
Spatula
Beaker
Balance
Squeeze bottle
Rubber Stopper
Procedure
1. Combine 50g (Md) of the soil passed through #40 sieve with 125 ml of sodium
hexametaphosphate solution (4%) in a 250 ml glass beaker. Allow the mixture to
soak for 16 hours (for demonstration today, 30 minutes will be enough).
2. Transfer all of the mixtures to an ASTM D422-specified dispersion cup. Wash
all the soil solids from inside of the beaker into the dispersion cup. Fill the cup
with water (half of the cup).
3. Stir the mixture with a mechanical stirrer at the rate of 10,000 rpm for one
minute.
4. Pour the slurry into a 1000 ml etched cylinder and fill with distilled water to
just below the etch mark. Wash all the slurry from cup into the cylinder using
squeeze bottle.
5. Using a rubber stopper, mix the soil water mixture by turning it upside down and
back at a rate of 1 turn per second for 1 minute.
6. Set the cylinder on a water bath (or table) and start the timer immediately.
Wash the remaining soil off the stopper and lip of the cylinder with the squeeze
bottle and fill the cylinder to the etch mark with distilled water.
7. Insert the hydrometer slowly and take the first hydrometer reading at 2 min,
with subsequent readings at 5, 15, 30, 60, 240, and 1440 minutes. The
hydrometer reading is taken at top of the meniscus.
8. Remove the hydrometer after each reading, and place it in a 1000 ml cylinder
filled with distilled water between readings. Spin the hydrometer in the water-
cylinder to take off the adhered soil particles.
9. Record the temperature of the mixture.
Calculations
1. Calculate diameter of particle at time t.
L
D=k
t
K can be calculated for given Gs and temperature using Table 1.
( R b) a
P' = 100%
Md
P = P' P # 40
Gs a
2.5 1.03
2.55 1.02
2.6 1.01
2.65 1.00
2.7 0.99
2.75 0.98
2.8 0.97
2.85 0.96
Temperature b
(oC)
17 5.9
18 5.6
19 5.3
20 5.0
21 4.7
22 4.4
23 4.1
24 3.8
I. GENERAL INFORMATION
Tested by: Date tested:
Lab partners/organization:
Client: CSUF CEED Project: EGCE 324L
Boring no.: N/A Recovery depth: N/A
Recovery date: N/A Recovery method: N/A
Soil description: