Ultimate Harley Davidson

ULTIMATE
HARLEY-DAVIDSON
ULTIMATE
HARLEY-DAVIDSON
HUGO WILSON
London, New York, Munich,
Melbourne, Delhi
THIS EDITION
Contents
PROJECT EDITOR Alison Sturgeon 67 Foreword
PROJECT ART EDITOR Tannishtha Chakraborty 89 Authors Preface
US SENIOR EDITOR Shannon Beatty
US EDITOR Jenny Siklos 1023 The Enduring Appeal
MANAGING EDITOR Laura Buller
MANAGING ART EDITOR Karen Self of Harley-Davidson
ART DIRECTOR Phil Ormerod
ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER Liz Wheeler
REFERENCE PUBLISHER Jonathan Metcalf
CHAPTER ONE 2441
PRE-PRODUCTION CONTROLLER Ben Marcus
JACKET DESIGNER Mark Cavanagh
The Early Bikes
JACKET EDITOR Manisha Majithia
PREVIOUS EDITIONS
2627 Model No.1
SENIOR EDITORS Peter Jones, Neil Lockley
2829 Silent Gray Fellow
SENIOR ART EDITOR Heather McCarry 3031 The Early Single
MANAGING EDITORS Anna Kruger, Adele hayward
MANAGING ART EDITORS Karen Self,
3233 KT Board Racer
Steve Knowlden
US EDITORS Christine Heilman,
Chuck Wills, Gary Werner
DEPUTY ART DIRECTOR Tina Vaughan
DTP DESIGNERS Rob Campbell, Rajen Shah
PICTURE RESEARCHER Jamie Robinson
CATEGORY PUBLISHER Stephanie Jackson
PRODUCTION CONTROLLERS Louise Daly,
Sarah Sherlock
PHOTOGRAPHY BY Dave King
PREVIOUS EDITIONS PACKAGED FOR
DORLING KINDERSLEY BY
ART EDITORS Mark Johnson Davies, Tracy Miles
EDITORS Phil Hunt
JOE WALTER ON A 1915 KT BOARD RACER
Revised American Edition, 2013
Published in the United States by
DK Publishing, Inc.
375 Hudson Street 3435 KR Fast Roadster
New York, New York 10014
03 04 05 06 07 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 3637 The 45 F-Head V-Twin
Copyright 2000, 2013 Dorling Kindersley Limited
Text Copyright 2000, 2013 Hugo Wilson 38-39 Model F
All Rights Reserved under International and Pan-American
Copyright Conventions. No Part of this Publication May be 4041 JD
Reproduced, Stored in a retrieval System, or Transmitted
in any Form or by Any Means, Electronic, Mechanical,
Photocopying, Recording, or Otherwise, Without the Prior CHAPTER TWO 4257
Written Permission of the Copyright Owner. Published in Great
Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited.
A Cataloging-in-Publication record for this book
Early Innovations
is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-1-4654-0848-8 4445 Model J Sidecar
Harley-Davidson is a Trademark Owned by H-D USA, LLC.
The Harley-Davidson Name and Model Names Featured in 4647 Eight-Valve Racer
this Book are used for Descriptive Purposes Only and
Remain the Property of H-D USA, LLC. 4849 The Eight-Valve
Reproduced by Colourscan, Singapore 5051 Model B
Printed in China by South China
Discover more at
5253 Model S Racer
www.dk.com
5455 Hill Climber
Page 2:
1915 Board-Track Racers
Page 3:
5657 XA
1999 Twin Cam Engine
CHAPTER THREE 5875 CHAPTER SIX 116139 CHAPTER EIGHT 164171
Side-Valves Sportsters V-Rod

6061 VLE 118119 Model K 166167 VRSCA V-Rod
6264 RL 120121 XL 168169 The V-Rod
6465 The Flathead V-Twin 122123 KRTT 170171 CVO Softail Convertible
6667 WLD Sport Solo 124125 XRTT CHAPTER NINE 172187
6869 WLA 126127 XLCR
7071 U Navy 128129 XR750
Sports Bikes
7273 WR Racer 130131 XR1000 174175 Buell RR1000
7475 GE Servi-Car 132133 XLH883 176177 VR1000
134135 XL1200S 178179 Buell S2
CHAPTER FOUR 7697
180181 Buell X1 Lightning
Ohv Big-Twins 136137 XL883R
182183 Buell XB9R Firebolt
138139 XR1200X
7879 61EL 184185 Buell XB9S Lightning
8081 The Knucklehead 186187 VRSCDX Night Rod Special
8283 74FL
8485 74FL Hydra-Glide 188210 The Complete
8687 The Panhead Harley-Davidson Catalog
8889 FLH Duo-Glide 211 Model Designations
9091 74FLHB Electra Glide
2012216 Index & Acknowledgments
9293 FX Super Glide
9495 The Shovelhead
9697 FLHX Electra Glide
CHAPTER FIVE 98115 THE PANHEAD ENGINE
Post-War Small Bikes CHAPTER SEVEN 140163

100101 ST Recent Big-Twins
102103 AH Topper
142143 FLHS Electra Glide
104105 BTH Bobcat
144145 The Evolution
106107 Sprint H
146147 FLTC Tour Glide
108109 M-50 Sport
148149 FXR Super Glide
110111 CRTT
150151 FLHRI Road King
112113 250SS
152153 FLSTF Fat Boy
114115 RR250
154155 FXDX Super Glide
156157 The Twin Cam
158159 FXDWG Wide Glide
160161 FXSTB Night Train
MODEL S RACER 162-163 FLHR Road King VRSCA V-ROD
Foreword
H
arley-Davidson for many people is and even Roger Reimans KR that raced on the
synonymous with the motorcycle. beach at Daytona and then went on to win the
This honor is not without merit. inaugural 200 at the speedway.
Harley has done a great deal for the
motorcycle industry as well as motorcycle Within our research library at the museum of
racing and every Harley-Davidson has a story. over 2,500 books we have more than 190 just
Whether it was ridden to Sturgis, raced at devoted to Harley-Davidson. This one will be a
Daytona, or used for milk delivery, these welcome addition and shining star. We are
motorcycles served their purpose well and with proud to have been a part of it.
a flare that is Harley-Davidson. The roar of a
Harley is pure motorcycle.
The Harleys of the Barber Vintage Motorsports

Museum range from board-track racers to a
Captain America replica. There are military George W. Barber
Harleys, Italian Harleys, touring Harleys, The Barber Vintage Motorsports Museum,
Birmingham, Alabama.
a Harley-powered midget racer, a Knucklehead, www.BarberMuseum.org
Authors Preface
P eople remember their first Harley-Davidson:
the first time they see one, the first time they hear
one, the first time they ride one. They get to you like
that. Harleys look different, sound different, and
certainly ride different from other motorcycles.
Their extraordinary appeal makes small boys dream
and grown men save. Harley-Davidson has been
making motorcycles for over 100 years. The company
that started as four young men hand-building simple
machines in a wooden shed is now one of the worlds
most famous brands. You will find some of their most
memorable bikes on the pages that follow.
Hugo Wilson
THE ENDURING APPEAL OF
HARLEY-DAVIDSON 19032013
1998 ROAD KING
The story of Harley-Davidson is enthralling.

It began in an era from which only the
most determined and farsighted have
survived, and in many ways Harleys story
reflects the culture in which the company has
flourishedunparalleled growth punctuated
by periods of decline, but always operating
with a strong spirit of survival.
An American Dream
Harleys interpretation of the American Dream
is one of the most coveted symbols of freedom and
independence for bikers around the world.
12 ULTIMATE HARLEY-DAVIDSON
THE ENDURING APPEAL OF
Harley-Davidson
HARLEY-DAVIDSON HAS BEEN AROUND ALMOST as long as the motorcycle, and
longer than the motorcycle has been a half sensible form of transportation. In
1903 Harley-Davidson was just four friendsin their twenties, all motorcycle
fanatics at a time when the only people who owned motorcycles were the
seriously rich or those who actually made them. They could not have foreseen
the legacy they would leave.
1903 to 1919 amusement, it had to be

At the turn of the 20th century, America was a place for reliable,tough, practical, and
adventure and challenge. William S. Harley and brothers powerful. The fledgling Harley-
Arthur, William, and Walter Davidson embarked on their Davidson company understood this
own adventure of becoming motorcycle manufacturers. from the start, and even its earliest
While some pioneer manufacturers bolted an existing engine machines were more robust than most other
into a bicycle frame, the four young men from Milwaukee bikes on the market. While its competitors came
did it the difficult way. In 1903 they constructed an engine and went, Harley continued to develop its machines and
from scratch and redesigned the frame to make it stronger enhance its reputation. Production numbers leapt from three
and more suitable for its new role. The first bikes were put machines in 1903 to 50 in 1906, just over 1,100 in 1909,
together in a 10ft x 15ft (3m x 4.5m) shed on the premises and double that the following year. By 1919 the company
of the Davidsons family home, though a new factory was was producing over 23,000 bikes a year and was the second
built in 1906 that measured 28ft x 80ft (8.5m x 24.5m). biggest manufacturer in the US behind the mighty Indian
William Harley interrupted his work at Harley-Davidson to operation. Impressive figures considering that the Harley-
study automotive engineering at the University of Wisconsin Davidson Motor Company was only established in 1907.
where, rumor has it, he
developedthe sprung fork as Threat from the car
a college project. He raised The biggest competition to
financial support for his studies Harley-Davidson, and to the
bywaiting tables, and for all four other American motorcycle
of them the motorcycle project manufacturers, came from
was only a part-time interest Henry Ford and his Model T
untilthey moved to the larger car. Following its introduction
premises in 1906. in 1908, the car gradually
Conditions were rough on the became cheaper as mass
roads of the US in the early production developed, and it
20th century, and the distances soon became less expensive
between towns were considerable. than all but the most
If a motorcycle was to be a viable rudimentary of motorcycles.
machine rather than an The First Harley-Davidson Factory in Milwaukee Those who were prepared
1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909
William S. Harley and Harley-Davidson Harley-Davidson The Harley-Davidson The first production
Arthur Davidson begin goes into production, annual production Motor Company is V-twin, the Model 5-D;
early experiments in their with an output of rises to eight formed; a prototype 1,149 bikes are
basement workshop three motorcycles motorcycles The Single V-twin is built built this year
THE ENDURING APPEAL OF HARLEY-DAVIDSON 13
The Founding Fathers Arthur Davidson,

Walter Davidson, William A. Davidson,
and William S. Harley
to spend cash on a
motorcycle were either
enthusiasts or police
departments, who soon
recognized that high-
performance motorcycles
were rather useful for
catching misbehaving
Harley-Davidson Sidecar in Action During World War I
motoristsin low-performance
automobiles. For motorcycle production nine decades later. Though Harleys bar and
manufacturers, it was a case of either shield trademark first appeared in 1910, it is the 45 V-twin
developing new technologies of their own to that remains a more potent symbol of the company. With
take the motorcycle forward, or simply going out of hindsight, its easy to sound wise. So when Harley introduced
business. And most of Harley-Davidsons competitors did. anew lightweight flat-twin in 1919, we can see that it could
Fortunately, Harley made significant technological never have been a success. But in 1919 the company couldnt
advances in its first few years. The sprung fork appeared have realized that its future prospects would be so
in1907, magneto ignition in 1909, mechanical entwined with the V-twin engine.
inlet valves in 1911, and chain drive in 1912. The years leading up to the end of that decade
Mechanical oil pumps appeared in 1915, along werea period of extraordinary growth. By 1914, the
with electric lighting and a three-speed gearbox, tiny workspace of 1903 had grown to an area
by which time one could argue that the motorcycle covering 2,424,479ft2 (225,234m2) and the number
had achieved a practical form and all further of employees had risen from four to over 1,500.
developments were improvements rather Harleys bikes had quickly gained a name for
than breakthroughs. being fast and dependable and the
company set up a factory race team in
Birth of the V-twin 1915 which had immediate success.
But the most important development In addition, Harley was given an
for Harley-Davidson occurred official seal of approval by supplying
between 1907 and 1911. In 1907 the over 20,000 bikes to Allied forces
company built its first experimental during World War I.
V-twin-engined machine. Two years A combination of innovative
later a V-twin was listed as part of the engineering and shrewd business
model line, but disappeared the practice meant that in less than
following year, suggesting that it had 15-years Harley-Davidson had
not been perfected. The V-twin established itself as one of the worlds
returned in 1911, and is still in Early Harley-Davidson Hill-Climber leading motorcycle manufacturers.
1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919
Harley-Davidson Over 200 Harley- Harley-Davidson

workforcenow Davidson dealers begins military bike
up to 149 established across production as US
employees Silent Gray Fellow the US Board-Track Racer enters World War I Model W
1920 to 1939
The period between the wars saw production slip back in
terms of volume as the domestic market shrank. Consequently
Harley went on a successful search for export marketsas
well as Europe and the British empire, machines were also
exported to Japan. At home, dealers were given increased
support, advertising budgets soared, and credit programs were
developed. Everything possible was done to persuade the
fence-sitter that they could and should buy a new Harley-
Davidson. Though the factory in Milwaukee wasnt running
at anything like the capacity that it had been, it was still
doing far better than any other manufacturer. In the mid-
1920s Harley-Davidson overtook Indian as the biggest
motorcycle manufacturer in the United States, and for a
time it was the biggest in the world.
In motorcycle racing, the board tracks that had provided
the main spectacle in the early years of the centuryand
that had given Harley a number of notable victorieswere
falling from favor, partly as a result of some appalling
accidents. By the mid-1920s, dirt-track racing had become
the next big thing and was growing in popularity.
For the bike-buying public, the range of Harleys on offer continued until the 1970s. When new 74cu. in. side-valve
was changing all the time. The W-series flat-twins, introduced V-twins were introduced in 1930, it signaled the end for
in 1919, were dropped in 1923, having failed on the American Harleys long association with the inlet-over-exhaust engine
market. Small-capacity, single-cylinder machines such which had been used on Harleys since its first machines.
as the A and B were brought in to fill a similar
market niche. Sales were steady until the models The depression bites
were dropped in the early 1930s. The Wall Street Crash of 1929 changed the
Far more significant were the new American economy overnight, and the depression
45cu. in. side-valve V-twins, that followed had a severe impact on
which were launched in 1929. Harley-Davidson and its competitors.
These were built to compete The Excelsior-Henderson company
with Indian and Excelsior in stopped motorcycle production in
what was an expanding area 1931, and in 1933 Harley production
of the market. In 1932, a slumped to less than 4,000 machines,
three-wheeled version of the its lowest figure since 1910. The
side-valve V-twin was built company survived the Great
the Servi-Car became popular Depression intact partly because of the
with the police and production F.A. Longman on a Winning Harley-Davidson family ownership of the firm; quite
1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929
74cu. in. FD Harley Harley workforce Ricardo

and JD V-twins withdraws its cut from 2,500 cylinder heads
introduced factory race to 1,000 on AA and
Eight-Valve Racer (model year) team employees AA Peashooter BA models JD28
Though the general economic climate had improved by the

mid-1930s, Harleys situation was still uncertain, so the
decision to release what is arguably the most significant
model in Harleys history was a risky one. The technologically
advanced Knucklehead had a recirculating lubrication
system, a four-speed gearbox, and overhead-valves with
hemispherical combustion chambers. This bike is the direct
granddaddy of todays big-twins, but its influence was more
than just mechanical. The 1930s was the decade of
streamlining, when aerodynamics wasnt a science but a
statement. It was about optimism in future technology.
The Victorious 1920 Harley-Davidson Factory Race Team
simply, Harley-Davidson didnt have to humor its

shareholders. The families who owned the company had
to roll up their sleeves, get on with the job, and wait for
the economic climate to improve.
The depression was giving motorcycle racing a hard
time, too. In 1934 a new racing class was introduced that The Sidecar was a Great
Success in the 1920s, With
encouraged production-based machines and amateur racers Both Leisure and Racing
Models Popularity
back onto the tracks. Class C was a big hit, and it soon
became the most important racing category in America.
A classic is unveiled And the 61E epitomized the streamlined look, an integrated
There was a bright side to the era. The 1930s Art Deco style that set the tone for the modern motorcycle.
movement, with its fresh use of color and styling, inspired In the run up to World War II, Harley-Davidson was in a
Harley-Davidson to move away from the green color schemes comfortable position. It had a solid model line, a good
it had been using as its paint finishes since 1917. And reputation, a wide dealer network, and a secure financial base.
one major new model introduced in 1936 embodied the It had grown from strength to strength and, most importantly,
movements style and boldnessthe 61E Knucklehead. had survived the worst economic collapse on record.
1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939
Series G Servi-Car First rally to be Boat-tail tail

introduced; Joe Petrali held at Sturgis, lights and cats-
wins US Hill-Climb attracting eye consoles
Hill Climber title on a Harley RL 61EL many bikers introduced
1940 to 1959 California, and indulged in some exuberant behavior. This

By the time the United States entered World War II after was subsequently reported as a full-scale riot that put the lives
the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, and property of the townsfolk in danger. Motorcyclists were
the economy had already adjusted itself to the effects of the now seen as hell-raisers in black leather, a label that took
conflict. Harley-Davidsons civilian motorcycle production some time to shift. The events at Hollister became the basis
had been put on hold earlier in 1941 as the company geared of the film The Wild One, which starred Marlon Brando
up for the war effort, and during the following four years (though he actually rode a Triumph in the film).
over 90,000 military machines were supplied to the Allies.
The vast majority of these were side-valve WLAs, their
widespread use on the battlefields of Europe helping to
advertise the Harley-Davidson name worldwide.
Harley emerged from World War II in good shape, though
production and supply of civilian machines did not reach full
capacity again until 1947. The war had other consequences
for Harley-Davidson and the American motorcycle scene in
general. The availability of cheap ex-military motorcycles, and
the fact that there were large numbers of demobbed military
personnel looking for excitement, gave rise to the trend for
customizing motorcycles. Standard bikes were stripped of
all extraneous parts to improve handling and increase
performance. These bikes became known as Bobbers,
and were the forerunners of the later choppers.
One incident that occurred just after the war damaged the
reputation of motorcycling. In July 1947,
a large group of bikers known as A Wla Offers
The Booze Fighters Protection to its
Armed Despatch Rider
met up in the town
of Hollister, A changing scene
Another side-effect of the war was that Harley acquired the
design for a 125cc two-stroke machine from the German
company DKW as part of war reparations. Production of the
small bike began in 1948 and, though it was Harleys first two-
stroke and a radical departure from its traditional machines, its
later derivatives such as the Hummer sold well in prosperous
1950s America. The other major new model for 1948 was an
updated version of the Knucklehead big-twin, dubbed the
Panhead because of the appearance of its rocker covers. The
following year the arrival of Harleys first hydraulically damped
telescopic forks heralded the appearance of the Hydra-Glide.
1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949
Walter Davidson World War II Harley given

dies; first year of ends; military rights to produce
military-only bikes sold off German DKW
WLD production U Navy to the public 125cc machine WR Dirt Track
Away from Harleys big-twin development, things were was celebrating its 50th anniversary, and
moving apace in the motorcycle market. The arrival of Indians closure left Harley as the only
British motorcycles in the United States from the late significant manufacturer still operating
1940s saw the first real overseas threat to Harley-Davidsons in the United States. Indian had once
dominant market position. These models were lighter, been the biggest manufacturer
quicker, and handled better than the traditional Harleys, in the world, with an enviable
with an emphasis on performance and looks rather than reputation for quality and
innovation. The rival
companys collapse, with
Harley in rude health,
underlined the strength
of the foundations at the
Milwaukee company.
Star treatment
Harley-Davidson bikes
A Very Young Willie G. Davidson
were getting more high-
profile, and Elvis Presley was one of a number of stars who
were prepared to declare themselves Harley owners (though it
didnt stop him riding a Honda in the 1964 film
Roustabout). In 1956 he even appeared on the cover
of Harleys magazine, The Enthusiast, aboard his KH
Sport twin. Others who were used to sell the Harley
name included Clark Gable, Tyrone Power, and Roy
Rogers. The association between the Harley brand
and contemporary stars has continued through to
Harleys Sold in Large Numbers to Police Forces in
the 1950s (above), While Smaller Bikes (right) the present day.
Were Touted as the New Fun Way to Get Around
The late 1950s saw a couple of significant new
rugged durability and long-distance comfort. models being unveiled. In 1957 the unit-
Harley responded in 1952 with the new side- construction Sportster appeared, and at last Harley
valve K Sport, but the limitations of the had a model that could match the performance
flathead engine layout meant that it wasnt and looks of the British imports. Then in 1958 the
until the bike gained overhead-valves and big-twin got rear suspension and was renamed the
was christened the Sportster in 1957 that it Duo-Glide, a model that established the blueprint
became a real success. It is now the longest surviving for the big Harley tourer; comparing the profile of a Duo-
motorcycle model in the world. Glide with a modern Harley, it is hard to tell them apart.
In a further development, the Indian company, which had Given that the Sportster has remained essentially the same
been building motorcycles in America since 1901, ended since its introduction, it can be argued that Harleys unique
production in 1953. This was the year that Harley-Davidson styling was established in the 1950s.
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
Premiere of the First year of Arrow-flite

film The Wild 125cc Model B tank emblem
One, promoting Hummer; new introduced; last
74FLH Hydra-Glide bad-biker image V tank logo ST Hummer XL Sportster year of Hummer
1960 to 1979 Peter Fonda and Dennis

HopperTake to the Road
In 1960, America was booming and motorcycle sales were onTheir Harley Choppers
strong, but Harley-Davidson wasnt getting as much of the inthe1969 Film EASY RIDER
action as it would have liked. Part of the reason was that the
scooter market had taken off in the affluent 1950s. Period
sales brochures showed scooters being piloted by well-
scrubbed college kids in checked shirts. This market was fed
by domestic producers and also by imported machines from
Italy and Germany. It was unfortunate that when Harley-
Davidson chose to enter the market in 1960 with its Topper
scooter, the market had started to shrink.
Meanwhile, British-built 500 and 650cc twins continued
tosell well, and the arrival of Honda (in 1959) and other
Japanese manufacturers changed the market again. Their
marketing campaigns, targeting
people who hadnt previously
thought of buying a motorbike,
expanded the market for small
motorcycles. In addition, they
knew that some of the people who
started on a small bike would soon
be looking for bigger machines.
Harley was able to offer a
couple of small bikes of its own
for, as well as the Topper, the
company had developed a 165cc The stakes are raised
lightweight two-stroke based on The arrival of high-spec Japanese imports had another
the 125 which first appeared in consequence. People wondered why, if a Japanese 125cc
Harleys Merger with AMF
1948. Ultimately, however, it was machine could have an electric starter, an American 1200cc
Boosted the Companys not enough and Harley must have machine could not. Harleys response was to fit an electric
Financial Position
figured that it didnt have the starter to its FL models from 1965 to create the Electra
expertise or inclination to compete for small-bike sales Glide, possibly the most famous motorcycle model ever built.
without outside help. In 1960 it bought a 50 percent stake in It even had a film named after it, Electra Glide in Blue (1973).
the Italian company Aermacchi and instantly acquired a From 1967, all Harleys lightweights were Italian-built,
selection of small-capacity machines. Aermacchis bikes were leaving the Milwaukee factory to turn out Sportsters, Electra
re-badged as Harley-Davidsons to immediately increase the Glides, and the Servi-Car. But foreign competition was taking
Harley range. Unfortunately, Harley dealers were even more significant chunks out of Harleys market share and production
suspicious of the Italian-built machines than they had been figures were in decline. Despite being offered on the stock
of the scooter, and sales were disappointing. market in 1965, extra cash was still needed and it was decided
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
Harley buys stake in 74cu. in. Cal Rayborn wins

Tomahawk fiberglass Shovelhead two Daytona
company; tombstone engine 200-mile races
FLH Duo-Glide speedometer on twins Electra Glide introduced CRTT on a Harley
twin engine and frame with the front end of a Sportster to

create a new style of factory-built custom bike that is the
basis of Harleys success today. And since the FX, Harley-
Davidson has realized the benefits of putting out a range of
models all based on similar engines, but with different styles.
Harleys lowest point

The 1970s was not a good decade for the motor industry in
general and Harley in particular. The oil crisis and tooling
problems resulting from the merger with AMF hit sales hard.
This was despite the introduction of the XR750, which would
go on to become the most successful dirt-track bike in the
history of the sport. Harley bowed to the inevitable in 1978
and sold off its interest in Aermacchi, thereby ending its brief
Evel Knievel Prepares for

Another Death-Defying Stunt
on a Harley-Davidson XR750
that Harley-Davidson needed a heavyweight partner. In

January 1969, AMF (American Metal Foundries)
boughtacontrolling stake in the company.
By this time, the customizing trend had switched
fromBobbers to Choppers. Bikes were given
raked frames and improbably long forks, wild paint The All-Conquering
jobs, and decorative chrome. These additions looked Harley-Davidson XR750
amazing, but often affected performance and handling.
Harley-Davidson officially frowned on this trend, but the flirtation with lightweights. By 1979 Harley sales made up
director of styling, William G. Davidsonthe grandson of just four-percent of the US market and its bikes were seen
founder William A. Davidsonwas watching it with as unreliable and idiosyncratic. As the company moved into
interest. In 1971 he paid homage to the chopper crazeand the next decade it was in desperate need of better quality
to the look popularized by the film Easy Rider (1969)with control and a broader range of products. Things had to
the FX1200 Super Glide. This new model combined the big- improve before the bikes appealed to a wider range of buyers.
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Rear disc brakes Jay Springsteen Harleys share

on Servi-Car, wins AMA of US bike
but last year National title market is just
FX Super Glide in service 250SS on a Harley XLCR Cafe Racer four percent
1980 to 2003 Big changes followed almost immediately, and they had to,
In 1980 Harley-Davidson was in big trouble. Its market share considering that in 1981 the US market was being flooded
was small, reliability troubles meant its reputation was in with more cheap Japanese imports than at any time in its
tatters, and its machines were hopelessly outdated compared history. An efficiency drive resulted in the introduction of
to the Japanese opposition. People who learned to ride on materials-as-needed production techniques, whereby
trouble-free Japanese machines might have liked the idea of components were delivered just prior to machine assembly.
buying a Harley, but found the reality unacceptable. Though more than one third of the workforce was laid off as
Noise and emission a result, the new procedure
restrictions were also hitting put an end to the inefficient
Harleys old-fashioned practice of maintaining
engines hard; they got less stagnant stock. Quality
powerful and more control was also improved
emasculated with each new and the new model
law that was passed. Even development program was
US police departments, shifted up two gears.
which had first bought bikes Harley-Davidson petitioned
from Harley-Davidson in the International Trade
1907 and had continued Commission (ITC) for tariff
ever since, were now restrictions on Japanese
deserting the company and motorcycles to give it time
switching to foreign bikes. to turn the company around
What Harley-Davidson and in 1982 President Ronald
needed was to introduce Reagan duly obliged by
new machines that slapping tariffs on all
maintained the essence of the American The Sturgis Rally Has Japanese machines over
Attracted a Wide Range
V-twin but came with vastly improved of Enthusiasts Since 1938 700cc. As the new
performance and reliability. management team sought to
The FLT Tour Glide of 1980 was a establish a positive new direction for the company,
good start. A new frame, which isolated Harley-Davidson also began an aggressive campaign
the engine and reduced vibration, made riding comfort to protect its trademarks and copyright.
superior, and the revised design and geometry also improved
handlingas did the frame-mounted fairing and Harleys first The self-belief returns
five-speed transmission. But nomatter how good the model A couple of contributory factors around this time helped
was, introducing new bikes was only dealing with the problem Harleys recovery. The Reagan years marked a return of
at a purely superficial levelHarleys troubles ran much Americas patriotism and self-belief, and the Harley-
deeper than that. A year later thirteen Harley-Davidson Davidson motorcycle was the ideal representation of that
executives, including Willie G. Davidson, bought the company belief. In addition, buyers had started to doubt the value of
back from AMF. Operating as an independent company again, continually searching for increased performance. They were
it was the start of a new era. now looking to buy bikes that made them feel good, rather
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991
80cu. in. FLT Only year for

Tour Glide Special- FXEF and Ultra Classic
introduced as edition 25th FXSB Electra Glide The FLSTF Fat
first of Harleys anniversary models, released with CB Boy introduced
heavyweight Sportster based on new and cruise with front and
tourers model released XR1000 Evo unit XLH883 control rear disc wheels
For Harley-Davidson, it was an astonishing recovery. In

technological terms, the introduction of the Evolution big-
twin engine in 1984 was the start of the new beginning. An
engine which looked very similar to the Shovelhead, but
which was cheaper to make, more reliable, quieter, and more
powerful turned out to be the key to success. Even police
departments now started buying Harleys again. And
Harley-Davidsons innovative product development
through the end of the 1980s and into the 90s assured
the bike-buying public that it was well and truly back
on track. Harley has acquired a unique
understanding of what its customers
want and the appearance of the
radical new V-Rod in the new
millennium suggests that the
company is now entering a
new phase in its long history.
The Harley family

One of the things that customers
want is to feel like they belong. Look A Sample of Harley-Davidsons
at the formation of HOG (Harley Extensive Merchandise
Harley-Davidson on Film: Arnold Schwarzenegger in TERMINATOR II (1991)
Owners Group) in 1983, a factory sponsored club which
than ones that outperformed the opposition. Harley- made new riders feel at home. It was a pastiche of the
Davidson, the only large-scale American motorcycle traditional bike club, with leathers and sew-on patches, but
manufacturer, with 75 years of heritage, and products without the oily fingernails or the bad-ass attitude. No other
that looked like they were history in the 1950s, A 1920s 10 Cent Stamp enthusiast group sponsored by a
Featuring Harley-Davidsons
wasperfectly poised to take advantage of the Postal Service Motorcycle
manufacturer can boast over 400,000
situation. And it did. members worldwide. Rallies such
Japanese manufacturers realized the way as Daytona and Sturgis attract
this section of the market was going and, Harley riders in their tens of
by the end of the 1980s, each of the four thousands each year, but you dont
big companies had responded by offering have to own a Harley to feel this sense
variations on Harleys V-twin theme. But of belonging. Such has been the success
it was too late. By 1986 Harley had of the company that you can now use
leapfrogged Honda to become the best- yourHarley-Davidson credit card to buy
selling superheavyweight bike manufacturer Harley after-shave, beer, or a Barbie doll.
inthe United States, aided by one vital The Harley-Davidson Motor Company
ingredientheritage. 1990s Belt Buckle Commemorating 1920s Stamp really has come a long way.
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Belt drive
is now
standard Harley reveals it FLSTF Softail
on all plans to produce introduced
Harley 200,000 bikes a with 1940s
models VR1000 year from 2003 styling Fat Boy VRSCA V-Rod
2004 to 2013 brand by producing more conventional sporting

Harley Davidson appeared to start their motorcycles, and, equally, customers wanting a
second century confidently, though they were mainstream motorcycle were suspicious of Harley-
struggling with a falling share price and were Davidsons. Harley went on to invest in Buell (with
soon to suffer badly in the global recession. an all-new engine in 2007) and in 2008 Harley
They strived to make their bikes more bought the famous Italian MV Agusta marque.
efficient with better dynamics, improving There was an irony here: the factory in which
performance and handling while also meeting MVs were made had been owned by Harley-
ever more stringent emissions controls. They Davidson before. It was the same one in which
expanded their accessories and clothing ranges the Harley-Davidson two-strokes had been
and pushed the Harley brand and products into made until 1978.
new markets around the globe. Hill-Climber Sculpture, Harley- Unfortunately the global recession affected
Davidson Museum, Milwaukee
As well as factories at Milwaukee, the company the company badly. Suddenly their market
had a substantial plant at York, Pennsylvania, assembling shrank rapidly and dramatic restructuring and cost-cutting
the big-twins, and at Kansas City, Missouri, building Sportster were required. The Buell division was closed (just as they
and V-Rod models. won their first AMA Pro Racing championship) and, less
than two years after it was acquired, MV Agusta was sold
Bespoke bikes at a substantial loss. Production of the companys
Recognizing a growing trend for bespoke custom bikes, traditional bikes was reduced and so was the workforce.
for which well-heeled buyers would pay a premium, Harley- In adversity the company focused on making its existing
Davidson began offering a factory customizing service, and machines better with incremental improvements in quality
also a limited number of premium-price CVO (Custom and innovation. They sought out new buyers, working to
Vehicle Operations) built machines with special finishes attract women and younger riders at home, and moved into
and factory-fitted accessories. From 2009 they started growing markets too; they established an Indian subsidiary
offering a trike too. in 2009 and were
The importance of assembling five models
the brands heritage was there by 2012.
underscored in 2008 with A stuttering world
the opening of a 20-acre economy has stalled the
museum in Milwaukee growth of the Harley
which contains over 450 market and reduced the
motorcycles, and attracts companys profitability,
hundreds of thousands of but the bikes themselves
visitors every year. are better than ever,
Harley understood that combining improved
their loyal customers were efficiency with a nod
wary of them diluting the to history and heritage.
An Assembly Line at a Harley- Polished to a Shine: Harleys Parked
Davidson Plant in North Yorkshire, Britain, in 2006
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
New chassis 35th

and updated anniversary 50th Company
engine for Super Glide anniversary New Rocker celebrates
Sportster range models Sportster Softail models XR1200X XL883N Iron 110 years
CHAPTER ONE
THE EARLY BIKES 1903 1929
1905 SINGLE CYLINDER
Early internal combustion engines

were underpowered, unreliable, and
almost comically crude. Part of Harley-
Davidsons success was its realization
that increasing engine size was part of
the solution to lack of power and that
practical design and added strength
improved reliability. But it didnt
embrace change for changes sake. The
evolution of the Harley engine from the
first prototypes to the last of the inlet-
over-exhaust valve machines of 1929
was gradual and evolutionary.
Early Bike Brother

Walter Davidson stands next to an early Harley single (left).
After building their first bike in 1903, it took three years
before the four founders worked full-time at Harley-Davidson.
1905 Model No.1 Rod linkage

Oil tank mounted
within fuel tank
M
connects twist-
OTOR AND CYCLE. There wasnt much more to the first Harleys grip control to
carburetor
than these two vital ingredients. Though William Harleyand
the Davidson brothers used a larger engine than most of their
contemporary manufacturers, the fact that pedal power was an
essential supplement to the internal combustion engine on hills
meant that the bicycle layout had to be retained. Harley curved
Carburetor
the bottom frame tube under the crankcases to allow theengine float chamber
to be mounted lower in the frame, resulting in superior
handling. The battery ignition system, crude carburetor, belt
drive, and other unrefined elements ensured that the early
motorcycle wasnt really a viable means of transportation,
but at least the Model No.1 was a cut above the average.
White rubber tires were Solid bicycle-
common on early machines style front forks
until it was realized
that black rubber
hid the dirt
One-piece
cast-iron
cylinder
Drive pulley
1905 MODEL NO.1

The 1905 Model No.1 was almost identical
to the bikes built in 1903 and 04, and until
1909 Harley-Davidson produced only one
66-in model, which was improved upon each
(26-cm) year.The model number represented the
wheel year of production minus four.
1905 MODEL NO.1 27
Lubricating oil is
held in the top half
of the tank; fuel is
held in the bottom
Harleys Model No.1 was
essentially an engine bolted onto
SPECIFICATIONS
1905 Model No.1
a bicycle frame, with pedal- ENGINE Inlet-over-exhaust single
power still needed when there CAPACITY 24.74cu. in. (405.41cc)
was a steep hill to be climbed.

POWER OUTPUT Unknown
TRANSMISSION Single-speed,
belt drive
FRAME Tubular loop
Crude leather bicycle saddle;
the saddle springs were the SUSPENSION None
bikes only form of suspension WEIGHT 1851b (84kg)
Belt TOP SPEED 40mph (64km/h) (est.)
tensioning
lever Battery case contains
a rechargeable lead-
plate battery to power Belt drive pulley
the ignition mounted on
wheel rim
Rear hub coaster
brake was operated by
pedaling backward
Ignition
coil
Flat
leather Loop
belt frame
Muffler restricted
exhaust noise to
prevent horses from
being frightened
28-in
Pedal-power was often (71-cm)
needed when the Stand used for tire
engine alone did not stationary
provide enough power vehicle only
1912 Silent Gray Fellow

B Y THE TIME HARLEY-DAVIDSON built this X-8 single in 1912, the
company was well on the way to establishing itself as a major
motorcycle manufacturer, and the motorcycle was a more refined mode
1912 SILENT GRAY FELLOW
This bike was a direct development of
the original 1903 model and continued
in production until 1918. Though it still
of transportation. The rugged engineering and rigorous development had belt final-drive, an atmospheric inlet
valve, and no gearbox, these developments
championed by Harley from day one had borne fruit in the form of were just around the corner.
sprung forks and magneto ignition, and the company wasted no time
emphasizing that cubic inches were the key to increased power. The
original 1903 Harley had a 24.74cu. in. (405cc) engine, rising
to 26.8cu. in. (440cc) in 1906, and 30cu. in. (494cc) in 1909. Atmospheric inlet
In 1913 it gained a further 5cu. in. (82cc). The Harley single valve is kept closed
by this light spring
became a valued and dependable machine which earned it
the nickname Silent Gray Fellow.
Control cables replaced
rod linkages in 1909
Valanced
front fender
White rubber
tires were a
period feature
Loop frame curves under

the engine, allowing it
Leading- to be positioned lower
link front Canvas for optimum weight
suspension mudflap distribution
1912 SILENT GRAY FELLOW 29
Twist-grip
SPECIFICATIONS throttle control
1912 Silent Gray Fellow Wide handlebars
ENGINE Inlet-over-exhaust,
single-cylinder The sprung seat
CAPACITY 30cu. in. (494cc) post was a nice First year of
POWER OUTPUT 6.5bhp @ 2,700rpm touch on a bike with valanced mudguard
TRANSMISSION Single-speed, belt drive no rear suspension
FRAME Tubular loop
SUSPENSION Leading-link forks, rigid rear
WEIGHT 1951b (89kg) Pedals start the engine
TOP SPEED 45mph (72km/h) and set the bike in Rear brake
motion as there is no operated by
starter or gearbox backpedaling
Sloping frame tube allowed

a lower seat height and was
first used on 1912 models
Technical advances
Sprung leather saddle The optional rear hub clutch
on this model meant that the
bike could be stopped without
Rear mudguard stalling the engine, and the
optional Schebler carburetor
hugely improved reliability over
early models.
Rear stand
Battery box
for coil ignition
Efficient muffler Clutch

Rear hub clutch contributed to the assembly
operated by lever bikes nickname in hub
The Early Single
HE EARLY SINGLE-CYLINDER gasoline engine was underpowered and
T inefficient, though Harleys singles were among the best available.
The atmospheric inlet valve relied on a light spring to keep it closed
and was forced open by the pressure created from the falling piston. The
system was simple, but it couldnt work properly at anything other than Single with Bosch magneto
A magneto was introduced as an option in 1909. This
slow engine speeds. Increasing capacity boosted the power output, Atmospheric simple electric generator provided a spark for the ignition
but it was no substitute for improved efficiency. inlet valve system and made the early Harley a more useable machine.
stem and spring
Vertical fins on the cylinder Throttle

head were introduced in control
1911 to aid engine cooling linkage
Lead
Carburetor throat
High-
Harley introduced the tension
Schebler float-feed lead
carburetor on its
bikes from 1909; the
company had previously
made its own Spark plug
Iron barrel and

cylinder head were
cast as one piece
Bosch high-
tension magneto
was first seen on
Harley singles
in 1909
No female frills
Exhaust Some European manufacturers offered
valve stem ladies models with special frames
and spring and skirt-guards. Harley women
didnt need these luxuries.
The timing gear Oil feed union; a pipe
case conceals the supplied lubricant to
four gears that the crankshaft, with
drove the magneto; pressure created by the
models with battery hand-operated pump
ignition were not in the tank
equipped with gears
INLET-OVER-EXHAUST
The inlet valve was kept
Engine case closed with the exposed
bolt spring on the top of the
cylinder. As the piston fell,
it created a vacuum in the
cylinder, resulting in the
valve being forced open by
atmospheric pressure. A charge
of fuel and air mix was then
sucked in through the carburetor.
Alloy engine case bears
the legend Harley-
Davidson, Milwaukee;
the citys other notable The exhaust pipe was
product was, and is, beer connected to a simple
muffler, which could
be bypassed to increase
performance and noise
The Competition
1911 EXCELSIOR MODEL K
The Chicago Excelsior company was the third-biggest
Alloy
motorcycle manufacturer in the US until its closure in
crankcase 1931. Like the Harley, this machine had belt-drive,
but used the engine cases as part of the frame, as
opposed to Harleys loop-frame system.
Rugged and dependable
In an era of unreliable and
uncomfortable motorcycles,
single was just
the Harley single stood out
aThegood,Harley
solid, dependable
as a solid workhorse capable
of covering long distances. motorcycle at a time when
The well-made engine got most of them were not.
some of the credit, but
Harleys sprung seat-post Richard Rosenthal
was a welcome feature for the (Motorcycle Historian)
often appalling road conditions.
THE EARLY SINGLE 31

THE EARLY SINGLE ERA _ 1903 TO 1918 1900S 1910S 1920S 1930S 1940S 1950S 1960S 1970S 1980S 1990S 2000S
1915 KT Board Racer SPECIFICATIONS

1915 KT Board Racer
H ARLEY-DAVIDSON did not participate in team racing until 1914,

when it decided to exploit the potential benefits of publicity and
development that could be derived from racing success. Board-track
ENGINE Inlet-over-exhaust,
V-twin
CAPACITY 61cu. in. (1000cc)
POWER OUTPUT 15bhp
racing was reaching new levels of popularity, with promotors able to TRANSMISSION Three-speed,
chain drive
attract huge paying crowds to the meetings, so Harleys decision to FRAME Tubular loop
enter into competition made a lot of sense. And the move paid off SUSPENSION Leading-link
front forks, rigid rear
almost immediately, as the Harley race team began to achieve WEIGHT 325lb (147kg)
significant results in 1915 on bikes such as this KT. In September TOP SPEED 80mph (130km/h)
1915, an F-head Harley set a 100-mile (161-km) record of 89.11mph
(143.46km/h) on a board track in Chicago. It all augured well for the
Fuel Inlet-valve
launch of the famous eight-valve racer (see pp.4647) a year later. filler-cap pushrod
Basic lightweight
Abbreviated mudguard saddle provided
is one of a number of little comfort
weight-saving
The brake on this components
bike is a luxury;
most board racers
didnt have one
Magneto; the
KTH version came
with an electrical
system instead
Pedaling forward starts Window in the

the bike, pedaling timing gear case
backward operates the allowed the rider
Lightweight rear brakejust like on to see if the oil
wheel hub an American bicycle pump was working
1915 KT BOARD RACER 33
1915 KT BOARD RACER

Board racers were spindly, frail-looking machines
that were stripped of surplus equipment. There
was no gearbox and usually no brakes, though this
bike is fitted with a rear drum. Their appearance
belied their astonishing strength and performance
these bikes could be run flat-out for considerable
distances, with 100-mile (161-km) races not
uncommon on the banked wooden tracks.
Cutouts in the fuel Dropped

tank gave clearance handlebars enabled
for the rocker gear the rider to adopt
and allowed the bike a racing crouch
to sit lower
Maywood Speedway Park, 1915

Braced fork Maywood Park was a typical board-track venue. Tracks were
yoke constructed by placing thin planks on a wooden frame. With use,
the boards became covered in oil and rubber, gradually making them
more slippery and dangerous. Despite the initial success of this form
of racing, injury and death were not uncommon and the deaths of
spectators in the early 1920s saw the sport go into terminal decline.
Clincher
wheel rim
Fuel tank
with integrated
oil tank
Sparkplug
located in
the valve
pocket
Front engine
mounting
Springs for the

leading-link
forks contained
in the tubes
Shortened exhaust
headers come straight Thin, high-pressure
out of the cylinder and tire resulted in
apparently produced minimal friction and Leading-link
more power... and noise maximum speed front fork
1915 KR Fast Roadster

T HE IDEA OF A RACE BIKE on the road has always been attractive
to motorcyclists. Modern bikers relish the power, handling, and
brakes of competition-developed machinery and pioneer motorcyclists
1915 KR FAST ROADSTER
The close coupled frame on the KR was
shorter than that fitted to other models
such as the F (see pp.3839) because
were no different. Harleys Fast Roadster was based on the board- no gearbox was fitted. A short wheelbase
track racer (see pp.3233) but fitted with mudguards, a chainguard, and traditionally offers better handling at the
expense of comfort and stability.
conventional handlebars. Who needed a gearbox or lights? It was built
for amateur racers at a time when Harley-Davidsons factory race
team was starting to taste success; the K-series won a number of
100- and 300-mile (161- and 483-km) races for Harley in 1915. The metal tank was made
With just over 100 built, this model is now very rare. up of three reservoirs; two
contained fuel and one Hand
on the front-left held oil oil pump
Control cables made of single-
strand piano wire with a
Clincher wheel rims were wound metal outer cable,
used with beaded tires leather-sheathed for protection
which required very high
pressures to stay on the rims
Clutch pedal
Loop frame
The Fast Roadster had

sufficient power to make
Leading-link Canvas the bicycle-style pedals on
front fork mudguard earlier bikes unnecessary
1915 KR FAST ROADSTER 35
SPECIFICATIONS Nickel-plated
1915 KR Fast Roadster handlebars
ENGINE Inlet-over-exhaust, V-twin

POWER OUTPUT 15bhp
TRANSMISSION Single-speed competition
gearbox, chain drive Twist-grip for the Wide handlebars
ignition advance One of the civilizing features which
FRAME Tubular loop
retard mechanism the Fast Roadster acquired from its
SUSPENSION Leading-link front forks, conventional road-going stablemates
rigid rear.
was a set of pulled-back handlebars.
WEIGHT 325lb (147kg) Lever to operate These offered a combination of comfort
TOP SPEED 80mph (130km/h) the clutch; it and control on the road. Racing
could also be handlebars would have been suitable
pedal-operated only for short trips to the osteopath.
Lightweight sprung
Clutch saddle doesnt have the
connecting rod sprung seat-post present Seat Footboards with rubber
on the basic road model springs mats were positioned to
allow the rider to stand in
rough conditions, which
was most of the time
Renault Gray was

the color of all
Harleys in 1915
Clutch
Primary drive cover protected

the riders feet from oil and Rear stand
from toe-chewing chains
The 45 F-Head V-Twin
ARLEY-DAVIDSON SOON realized that the easiest way to significantly
H increase engine size was to add an extra cylinder. The company
built a prototype V-twin in 1907 and four years later the first production
V-twins rolled out of the factory. The engine effectively joined two
singles on a common crankshaft and cases. If the angle of the V was
narrow, the new engine could be used in the same frame as a single.
Harley chose a 45 V, and a motorcycling classic was born. The arrival Harleys trademark is born
The appearance of the 45 V-twin effectively provided
of the mechanical exhaust valve on the V-twin was also important, the blueprint for the Harley twin of today. From 1915
allowing engine revs to be increased and thus release more power. it was refined and improved rather than radically altered.
Inlet pushrod Carburetor manifold Cylinder head was

Rocker arm fits to the rocker connects the two inlet ports cast together with the
assembly for the and is the ideal setup for a barrel and so could
inlet valve fits to a single carburetor not be removed Thread for
threaded insert in Adjustment rocker arm
the cylinder head sleeve assembly
Inlet valve
cage
Cast-iron was used for

the cylinders because
of its heat dissipation
qualities and its Fins to aid
resistance to wear cooling
Exhaust
valve stem
Inlet and exhaust
Threaded exhaust valves face each
port exits beneath other in the
the exhaust valve cylinder pocket
Timing gear case Pushrod spring collar Cylinder
covers the drive retains the spring barrel stud
for the magneto and some lubricant
and the oil pump
Engine
mounting lug
is cast into
the crankcase
Alloy
engine case
Bulge in the timing F-HEAD SET-UP

gear case conceals the
mechanical oil pump
These early V-twins were
known as F-heads because the
inlet valve was positioned in
An inspection window filled the cylinder head and the exhaust
this hole, allowing the rider to valve was on the side of the
check the oil was circulating
cylinder, creating an F formation.
This incomplete engine is believed
to be from a factory race bike.
The Competition
1914
YALE V-TWIN V-twin operation
To make a V-twin, the two rods
Harley wasnt the only manufacturer to choose the
This circular case connecting the crankshaft to the
45 engine layout for its bikes. The Consolidated pistons have to sit on the same
contains the This end joins
Manufacturing Company of Toledo, Ohio, built Yales camshaft The Harley- to the piston shaft. Harley used male
from 190315 and this 61cu. in. model had a 45 Davidson andfemale rods to
V-twin engine and mechanically operated inlet valves. trademark solvethe problem.
The V-twin opened up Connecting rod

America for ordinary riders.
It was a giant step forward
for the Harley rider.
The mated
Bruce Lindsay rods join to the
(Motorcycle Restorer) crankshaft
THE 45 F-HEAD V-TWIN 37

THE F-HEAD V-TWIN ERA _ 1909 TO 1929 1900S 1910S 1920S 1930S 1940S 1950S 1960S 1970S 1980S 1990S 2000S
1915 Model F
A WAY FROM THE RACE TRACKS, the introduction of a number of
innovative new features in 1915 meant that this was a significant
year in the development of Harley-Davidsons road bikes. It could
1915 MODEL F
For 1915 Harley-Davidson listed five V-twin
motorcycles with a combination of single-
or three-speed transmission and with or
even be said that it was the year when the motorcycle came of age as without an electrical system. The Model F
had three gears but no electric lights and
a practical machine. As far as Harley was concerned, there were three sold for $275. There was also a V-twin
main innovations: a three-speed gearbox, a mechanical oil pump, and commercial tricycle available in the 1915
electrical lighting, with the Model F boasting two out of the three. range which had a box and two front wheels
instead of conventional motorcycle forks.
The gearbox made the bikes faster and also gave them better hill-
climbing ability and improved low-speed running. The motor-driven
oil pump guaranteed better lubrication and improved engine life,
and electrical lighting meant that trips at night could now Spring system Basic
be undertaken at times other than when the moon was full. for saddle saddle
Rear license- Parcel rack Rear mudguard

plate holder
Sparkplug
in valve
pocket
Oil breather pipe

is used to lubricate
the primary Foot-operated
drive chain muffler cutout
Rear drum brake, bypasses the muffler
operated by Exhaust for improved
right-foot pedal pipe performance
1915 MODEL F 39
A policemans friend
Police departments were quick to see
the benefit of using high-performance SPECIFICATIONS
motorcycles to chase errant motorists
in low-performance automobiles
1915 Model F
and Harley V-twins became the ENGINE Inlet-over-exhaust,
models of choice. Their 60mph V-twin
(97km/h) top speed put them CAPACITY 61cu. in. (1000cc)
among the fastest bikes around. POWER OUTPUT 11bhp
This department is mounted on
TRANSMISSION Three-speed,
1915 Model Js, which was the chain drive
model up from the Model F in that
FRAME Tubular loop
it had electric lighting.
SUSPENSION Leading-link front
forks, rigid rear
WEIGHT 325lb (147.5kg)
TOP SPEED 60mph (97km/h)
Oil tank is incorporated into

Exhaust-valve Cast-iron the fuel tank, with this side
spring cover frame of the tank containing fuel Valanced front
headstock mudguard
Front license plate;

indicates this bike was
exported to the UK
Rear brake
pedal
Footboards were introduced from

Oil-pump 1914 when power outputs were
inspection sufficient to make pedal assistance Block-
window unnecessary except for starting pattern tire
1928 JD
H ARLEY RARELY RUSHED CHANGE, and it always knew the
value of cubic inches. The history of the 45 F-head
V-twin goes back to the original prototype twin of 1907, and
Color choice
Olive Green was the standard
paint finish in 1928, but
buyers could pay extra for
colors such as Black, White,
by 1928 it was approaching its sell-by date. In 1922 Harley Cream, Police Blue, Coach
created the JD model by increasing capacity from 61 to 74 cubic Green, Maroon, Fawn Gray,
or Azure Blue.
inches. The result was a high-performance machine capable
of outrunning almost any other vehicle on the road in the
Cylindrical toolbox
1920s. No wonder these models were popular with police also contains a
departments. When Harley dropped the big F-head twins and puncture repair kit
replaced them with side-valve machines in 1930, many riders

considered it a step backward. At first, the new side-valves
wereslower and no more reliable than the trusty F-head.
Foot clutch
License-plate Lugagge carrier Leather saddle mounted

mounting bracket on top of Harleys
patented sprung seat-post
Battery
box
Rear stand
Contracting band rear brake Driving gears for Tubular

is in addition to internal optional speedometer cradle frame
expanding band brake
1928 JD 41
1928 JD
Rearview The single camshaft JD model was a high-
mirror was an SPECIFICATIONS
performance machine that consistently outsold
optional extra 1928 JD
every other Harley between 1923 and 1930.
This was partly due to its popularity with police ENGINE Inlet-over-exhaust,
departments. Sporting riders who wanted even V-twin
more performance could opt for the two-cam CAPACITY 74cu. in. (1213cc)
JDH model, with its race- POWER OUTPUT 18bhp
Wide derived engine. Last year of single TRANSMISSION Three-speed,
handlebars headlightthe hand shift
1929 model had FRAME Tubular cradle
dual bullet lights
SUSPENSION Leading-link
front forks
Speedometer WEIGHT 365lb (166kg)
Electric TOP SPEED 75mph (121km/h)
air horn
Double-sided tank Cylindrical

contains fuel and oil toolbox
Valanced fender
Thick 25x345-in
(63.5x9.8-cm) block-
tread tire helped to
soak up the bumps
Silver-painted cast-
iron cylinder barrel
Pushrods are Front drum brake,

Rear brake operated by a which became standard
operating rod single camshaft on US bikes from 1928
CHAPTER TWO
EARLY INNOVATIONS 19181942
1920 EIGHT-VALVE RACER
Harleys first attempt to produce something

different from the V-twin was a 1919 fore-and-
aft lightweight flat-twin, followed by utilitarian
singles and a number of innovative
competition racers. The shaft-drive military
XA rounded off a period when, despite the
presence of the V-twin, Harley-Davidson was
still developing innovative new bikes.
1925 Winning Race Team

Harleys factory race team secured numerous victories
on eight-valve and two-cam racers, bikes that were
technologically well ahead of the competition at the time.
1918 Model J Sidecar

H ARLEY-DAVIDSON FIRST ADDED sidecars to its model line
in 1914, and later offered specially tuned engines for
sidecar use. Before then, standard bikes such as this Model J just
1918 MODEL J SIDECAR
Harleys big F-head V-twin was ideal for
pulling a sidecar and the company began
offering sidecars as an option in 1914. From
had a sidecar bolted onto them. A sidecar meant motorcycle then until 1925 Harleys sidecars were built
riders could now transport their family, large packages, or even by the Rogers Company, but when Rogers
ceased production Harley started building
a nervous crinolene-clad girlfriend, for whom the sidecar was a its own chairs. Production has continued,
poor substitute for a proper motor car. The sidecar peaked in the but they are now built in small numbers.
years leading up to the 1920s, with some Harley examples even
Hand-operated horn
used on the battlefields of World War I, but the Model T Ford
made the car cheaper, and from around
1920 the sidecar became a minority
interest for the eccentric enthusiast.
Acetylene lighting was a period

addition for bikes not equipped
with electric lighting at the factory
Olive Green paint Valanced front

scheme was mudguard
standard for 1918
61cu. in. F-head

engine was offered
with a special
sidecar tune
Hand shift lever
Whitewall Leading-link for three-speed
tire front suspension Foot pedal for clutch gearbox
1918 MODEL J SIDECAR 45
Access door
Sidecars could be
SPECIFICATIONS equipped with
a hood or a
1918 Model J Sidecar tonneau cover
ENGINE Inlet-over-exhaust, V-twin
chain drive
FRAME Tubular loop
SUSPENSION Leading-link front forks Leaf spring
WEIGHT 325lb (147kg) provided some
TOP SPEED 55mph (89km/h) (est.) degree of Footboard
suspension for
the passenger A traditional design
Period sidecar production was influenced
by the horse-drawn buggy. The body was
Hand lever for clutch Sprung Upholstered mounted to the chassis by springs that
saddle sidecar seat isolated the passenger from the worst jolts
of the road surface.
Speedometer
cable
Luggage rack allowed

the passengers cargo
to be transported
Rear light is
linked to the
acetylene
supplyby a pipe
Stand
retaining
clip
Rear stand was

used for changing
wheels as punctures
were common
Chainguard 28-in (71-cm)

clincher tire; early tire
sizes measured to the
Pressed-steel primary outside of the tire, so
drive case with Harley- this rim actually
Davidson logo Exhaust pipe measures 22in (56cm)
1920 Eight-Valve Racer

H AVING COMMITTED ITSELF TO bike racing in 1914, Harley soon
began to take the sport seriously. Special eight-valve racing twins
were introduced in 1916. These were built in very limited numbers
1920 EIGHT-VALVE RACER
The cylinders and heads on the eight-valve
racers were the work of British engineer
Harry Ricardo and featured a hemispherical
until 1927 for the use of the factorys own race team and chosen combustion chamber that had been
riders. Four versions of the machine were produced over an developed on airplane engines during
WW1. The bike shown here is a 1920
11-year period, giving serious credibility to Harley as a racing-bike version with distinct open-port cylinder
manufacturer. The race team secured numerous victories on the eight- heads that have no exhaust headers. It is
valve racers and earned itself the nickname the Wrecking Crew. possibly one of only eight built, with very
few of these still in existence. On the rare
The sight and sound of thesequite literallyfire-breathing occasions when they are sold, they
machines must have been incredible as they reached speeds of command substantial prices.
around 120mph (193km/h) on the steeply banked wooden tracks.
Exposed valvegear
Leather racing
Springs under the
saddle
saddle are the only form
of rear suspension
Shortened
racing mudguard
Clincher
wheel rim
Footrest is a bicycle- Countershaft

Rear sprocket style pedal, but serves
could be changed no other purpose Oil pump
to alter the gearing
1920 EIGHT-VALVE RACER 47
Twist-grip Fork spring tube

throttle
SPECIFICATIONS
1920 Eight-Valve Racer
Dropped
ENGINE Overhead-valve, V-twin handlebars forced
CAPACITY 61cu. in. (1000cc) the rider into a
POWER OUTPUT 15bhp Carburetor air racing crouch
intake
TRANSMISSION Single-speed,
direct drive
FRAME Tubular loop Keystone racing frame
Friction damper Left twist-grip
SUSPENSION Leading-link front forks, makes suspension controls the ignition
rigid rear
movement more advance retard
WEIGHT 692lb (314kg) controllable
Footrest
(Youve got to) brake-free

The eight-valve racer had no gearbox or
brakes. Riders slowed their machines using a
combination of the throttle, the engine-kill
Throttle cable button, and old-fashioned boot leather. Harley
runs inside the riders, however, were up to the task, winning
handlebars a number of prestigious races this year.
Spoked
racing
wheel
Compression-
release lever
Open
exhaust
port
Oil feed pipe to

the front cylinder;
crank rotation
forced oil back to
the rear cylinder
Compression-release
mechanism can be used to
kill the engine or to allow
the clutchless bike to be
pushed with a dead engine
Thin high-
Engine mounting plate Suspension linkage pressure tire for
minimum friction
The Eight-Valve
WO INLET VALVES AND TWO EXHAUST valves per cylinder allowed
T gases to flow into and out of the engine in greater quantity than
in the traditional four-valve V-twin. The resulting increase in power
was exactly what was needed for a successful racing engine to be used
in Harley-Davidsons newly formed factory race team. Harley wasnt the Single speed but extra power
first manufacturer to use this technology, but the companys eight-valve This profile shows the gearing on the
eight-valve racer. This version has no clutch, gearbox,
racers carved a massive reputation based on numerous racing victories. or brakes, and could exceed 100mph (161km/h).
Gasoline tap Throttle control

Exposed connects to linkage
valvegear fuel tank Rocker
arm
Air intake
trumpet for single
carburetor
Rear cylinder
exhaust valve
and spring
External
pushrod
Carburetor
Open exhaust port
followed period aircraft
Bosch
Oil feed to engine style, though
magneto
front cylinder some eight-valves were
fitted with short pipes
Cast-iron cylinders each have

a capacity of 30.50 cu. in., to
give a total capacity of 61cu. in.
Engine
mounting lug
Rod
linkage
Valve lifter
arm releases
compression in
the cylinder
VISUALLY SIMILAR
The eight-valve Harley
engine used the same
crankcases as the conventional
F-head racers (see Fast Roadster,
Mechanical oil pump is pp 3435). It was the cylinders and
supplemented by a hand
pump on the tank
heads that were special.
The Competition
1920 INDIAN TRACK RACER
Oil delivery Engine Polished alloy
Indian had been at the forefront of eight-valve pipe to mounting timing gear
technology and had been building racing twins since cylinder bolt case cover
1912, though by the time Harley introduced its
version, Indian was developing a side-valve racer.
The performance of the eight-valve

moved bike racing to a new level, from the
board tracks to the longer horse-racing
ovals of America.
George Barber
Dirt-track winner
(Motorcycle Collector) The eight-valve era was the period that American racing
moved from board-track motordromes to oval dirt tracks,
which were originally used for horse-racing.
THE EIGHT-VALVE 49

THE EIGHT VALVE ERA _ 1909 TO 1929 1900S 1910S 1920S 1930S 1940S 1950S 1960S 1970S 1980S 1990S 2000S
1926 Model B SPECIFICATIONS

1926 Model B
A FTER THE COMPARATIVE FAILURE of the Sport Twin of 191923,

Harley had another crack at the lightweight market by releasing
a range of single-cylinder bikes for the 1926 model year: the A, B, AA,

ENGINE Side-valve, single cylinder
POWER OUTPUT 10bhp
and BA. The design was entirely conventional, and inspired by Indians chain drive
FRAME Tubular loop
contemporary Prince as well as typical British machines of the period. SUSPENSION Leading-link
The bikes were available with side-valve or overhead-valve engines front forks, rigid rear
WEIGHT 263lb (119kg)
and the racing versions that followed were nicknamed Peashooters TOP SPEED 60mph (97km/h)
due to the unique pitch of the exhaust. The name was eventually
applied to all the models. These were ideal machines for impoverished
commuters and delivery riders who accepted underwhelming
Olive Green with maroon
performance as long as the bike was cheap to buy and run. striping was the standard
paint finish on all
Harley bikes up until 1933
26x313-in Bicycle-style seat features
(66x8.5-cm) Harleys traditional
Taillight; the budget- balloon tire telescopic sprung mounting
priced Model A wasnt for increased comfort
fitted with lights
Tool roll
Rear stand; a
side-stand could be
fitted at extra cost
The battery allowed the bike to
run lights; buyers who chose the
Muffler magneto option had no lights Exhaust pipe
1926 MODEL B 51
1926 MODEL B Standard handlebars;

The model shown here is a B, with side- speedster bars
were optional
valve engine and battery ignition option.
Harley-Davidson intended these singles
primarily for export markets and initially
they were successful. Unfortunately, the Side-valve revival
Headlight
The side-valve model was
worldwide recession meant that the British revived between 1932 and
imposed severe import tariffs and the 1934, probably as muchto
European market collapsed. The model was Suspension
use up stocks of parts asit
springs
discontinued in 1929, though existing stock was to sell what Harley
continued to be sold the following year. claimed was its cheapest
ever model.
Klaxon
horn Clutch actuation
mechanism
operated by left
Switch panel foot-pedal
Gear lever Rubber mudflap
Clincher
wheel rim
Rear brake
pedal
Compression release lever

Side-valve cylinder
head designed by No front
Harry Ricardo Suspension linkage brake was fitted
until 1928
1926 Model S Racer

A NEW 350CC RACING class was created soon after Harley unveiled
its Peashooter racer in the summer of 1925. The bike was
based on its new 21cu. in. ohv single-cylinder economy road bike.
1926 MODEL S RACER
Harley produced its Peashooter racing bikes
in limited numbers for a few years and, as
well as success at home, they were also raced
To make it competitive for dirt-track racing the bike had a shortened successfully in Britain and Australia. However,
the appearance of the British JAP-powered
frame and simple telescopic forks that were triangulated for machines in the 1930s effectively made all
greater strength. The legendary Joe Petrali was among competitors redundant and the Peashooter
several riders who achieved success on Peashooters as disappeared from the racing circuit.
Harleys swept the board in the new class. Petrali was one Dropped Engine
racing lubrication
of the best riders in the history of American bike racing, handlebars relies on a
and in 1935 he won all 13 rounds of the US dirt-track hand oil pump
championships on a stock Peashooter.
Flimsy telescopic
forks are braced
Knobbly treaded for extra strength
tire was designed to
provide maximum
grip on dirt tracks
Exhaust
outlet
Canvas fork
gaiter protects
the fork slider
Clincher Lefthand footrest

wheel rims for use on straights
1926 MODEL S RACER 53
Carburetor
air intake
SPECIFICATIONS
Racing modifications 1926 Model S Racer
All nonessential components ENGINE Overhead-valve,
were ditched from the standard single cylinder
road model, including the CAPACITY 21cu. in. (346cc)
springer forks, saddle spring,
POWER OUTPUT 12bhp
brakes, and gearbox. The bikes
ran in a single gear and the TRANSMISSION Single-speed,
chain drive
clutch was only used for starting.
Races on oval dirt tracks were FRAME Tubular loop
run counter clockwise and the SUSPENSION Telescopic front forks
left foot was used to stablilize WEIGHT 240lb (109kg)
the bike in turns. TOP SPEED 70mph
Footrest (113km/h) (est.)
Earlier versions of the Unsprung leather Lightweight frame

bike had a shorter, saddle was not Cut-down rear
rounded tank designed for comfort mudguard
Mudguard stay
Magneto
Footrest mounting
plate also serves as Drive is via primary
a basic chain-guard reduction gear and a
countershaft, with no 27-in
Exposed primary chain drive clutch or gearbox (6812-cm) tire
1930 Hill Climber SPECIFICATIONS

1930 Hill Climber
T HE INGREDIENTS OF AN AMERICAN hill-climb bike appear simple,

even if the reality is rather more complicated. The essential
element is power, and in the case of this machine a methanol-burning

ENGINE Eight-valve, V-twin
POWER OUTPUT Not available
TRANSMISSION Competition
eight-valve engine was enough in 1930 to make it a competitive bike. single-speed gearbox
FRAME Tubular cradle
A long wheelbase and weight at the front to prevent the bike tipping SUSPENSION Leading-link forks,
over backward are both essential, as is grip, which is why this bikes rigid rear
WEIGHT 350lb (147kg) (est.)
rear tire is wrapped in chains. These crude facts belie the level of TOP SPEED Determined by the gearing
expertise involved in handling these machines, and once again it was chosen for the hill-climb course
Joe Petrali who took the honors for Harley-Davidson. Between 1932
and 1938, he won six national hill-climbing titles on a Harley.
Sprung saddle in
Cut-down rear low position for
mudguard easier handling
Large-diameter rear Contracting

sprocket to give lower band rear brake Exposed valvegear meant
gearing and better regular maintenance
climbing ability was required
Gearbox only
provides one gear
and neutral
Chains for Kick-start Sloping footboard

traction on Tubular keeps the riders
steep slopes cradle frame weight forward
1930 HILL CLIMBER 55
1930 HILL CLIMBER Racing rules

This unrestored bike is typical of the ingenious In hill-climbing, riders launch their
machines at impossibly steep hills.
hill-climbing machines of the period. The frame is If riders make the summit then time
from a JD model circa 1929, and the forks are from decides the winner, but if no rider
a 1928 45cu. in. bike. The engine cases are froma reaches the peak, then the one who
JDH (see p.41), with JE model flywheels; special has reached the highest point wins.
barrels and overhead-valve cylinder heads are from
a single-cylinder Harley. Modern hill-climb racers
still have a similar look to this rugged machineand
the difficulty of trying to convert power into
climbing ability remains the same.
Racing
handlebars
Company colors
The Harley-Davidson race
Filler cap for
teams were easily recognizable
small-capacity
by their orange and black
fuel tank
jerseys. These colors would
later be used as the livery
for Harleys racing bikes.
Schebler racing
carburetor
Headstock
forging is drilled Race jersey
to reduce weight from the 1930s
Heavy-duty
racing wheel
Right-hand
section of tank
contains oil
Shortened exhaust
header pipe allowed
maximum power
from the engine
Oil feed
pipe
J-series engine
was especially
tuned for racing
JDH engine case

has two cams
Blanked-off oil-pump
drive; lubrication was Leading-link Ribbed
by hand pump front fork front tire
1942 XA
I T IS WELL DOCUMENTED THAT Harley supplied thousands of
traditional 45 V-twin WLA (see pp.6869) and WLC models
to the Allied military during World War II, but the company also
1942 XA
Although the WLA was a good all-around
military bike, the US army asked Harley-
Davidson to produce a shaft-drive machine
produced a small number of BMW-style machines for the war effort. and Harley turned to the enemy for
The XA used a transversely mounted side-valve flat-twin cylinder inspiration. BMWs R75 was virtually
clonedand a test batch of 1,000 XAs were
engine, had shaft drive to the rear wheel, a four-speed gearbox, and produced, as were a batch of prototype
plunger rear suspension. While it was built to the special specification shaft-drive Indians, the idea being that the
ofthe US military, the arrival of the immensely successful four-wheel better of the two bikes would be awarded a
contract. Neither satisfied the army, which
drive Willys Jeep changed the agenda as far as military motorcycle ordered extra WLAs instead, thus ending
use was concerned, and only 1,000 XA bikes were ever made. theXAs brief life.
Tubular cradle frame

Leather saddlebag Rear carrier would often be Oil bath
used to carry a field radio air cleaner
Plunger rear
suspension unit
Heavyduty
saddle
spring Kick-
start
Curved,
flat metal
mudguard
Neutral location lever
Four-speed gearbox Brake pedal

Bevel gear 18-in (46-cm) and Harleys first
casing wheel foot-shift
1942 XA 57
machine
The XA was a prototype shaft-driven
built for the US army thatwas
Thompson
submachine
gun
SPECIFICATIONS
1942 XA
ultimately only produced in limited ENGINE Horizontally opposed
numbers because of the success of side-valve twin
the Willys Jeep as a battlefield vehicle.

POWER OUTPUT 23bhp @ 4,600rpm
TRANSMISSION Four-speed, shaft drive
Left handlebar twistgrip Harleys first
operates the throttle as the telescopic forks are SUSPENSION Leading-link front forks,
plunger rear
riders right hand needed to fitted on this XA
be free to use the gun WEIGHT 538lb (244kg)
TOP SPEED 65mph (105km/h) (est.)
Leather
holster
Front
mudguard
Heavy duty
tire for all-
terrain riding
Bashplate
protects
the engine
Wet sump lubrication

system requires no Cylinder heads have
external oil tank double-decked finning
to assist cooling
7-in (18-cm) Security Front drum
ground clearance padlock brake
CHAPTER THREE
SIDE-VALVES 19291969
1944 U NAVY
The side-valve engine holds a special place

in American automotive history. Popular with
Henry Ford on his Model T and with rival
manufacturers Indian before Harley began using
it in 1926, it was cheap to make, rugged, and
reliable. Limited peformance meant it was soon
superseded by overhead-valve units, but Harley
continued to use the trusty side-valves long after
other manufacturers had given up on it.
A Military Machine
Side-valve units were used by many Allied forces
during World War II, their easy maintenance making
them ideal for battlefield conditions.
1933 VLE
H ARLEY INTRODUCED THE V-series in 1930, 14 years after rivals
Indian had made their first side-valve big twins, but thebike
suffered a number of teething problems. The first two months
1933 VLE
The VLE was the high-compression model
in the series, with magnesium-alloy pistons
providing the extra power. While only
production had to be recalled so that new frames, flywheels, engine 3,700bikes were built by Harley in 1933,
cases, valves, springs, and kick-start mechanisms could be changed. this still accounted for 60 percent of all
motorcycles sold in the US that year.
The work was carried out for owners free of
charge, but it was a costly exercise that did little
for the reputation of the V-series. After the
shaky start, the side-valves evolved into rugged,
fast, dependable bikes, and a VLE even went on
to establish the American production bike speed
Bird tank graphic
record in 1933 of 104mph (167km/h). detail was on 1933
models only
Horn fitted
to toolbox
Mandarin, gold, and
black was one of five
new color schemes Heavy-duty front forks
introduced in 1933 introduced on the V-
series from 1932
Mudguard stay
Magnesium-
alloy pistons Removable
distinguish this iron cylinder
VLE from a VL head
Front drum
brake Brake cable Schebler die-cast carburetor
1933 VLE 61
1930 VL
Introduced in August 1929 for the 1930
model year, this is an example of one of the SPECIFICATIONS
all-new bikes brought in to replace the F-head 1933 VLE
V-twins. New features included the duplex
primary chain, the steering head lock, andthe ENGINE Side-valve, V-twin
I-beam forged fork legs. Twin headlightsand CAPACITY 74cu. in. (1213cc)
the klaxon horn were carried over from the POWER OUTPUT 22bhp
1929 model. The bikes color scheme isthe TRANSMISSION Three-speed
traditional olive green with vermilion striping (optional reverse), hand shift
edged in maroon and centered in gold. Drop
center wheel rims were another feature
introduced with the VL. SUSPENSION Leading-link front
forks, rigid rear
Clutch on TOP SPEED 65mph
the VL (105km/h)
Leather saddle with new

seat-post springs for the
V-series; a buddy seat
The V-series were reliable
side-valve V-twins that Though parts such as
Chrome air as well as other pillion consistently out-sold every other the chainguard came in
filter was fitted accessories could be black, the whole bike
from 1932 ordered as optional extras
range of Harley-Davidsons could be fully chromed
during the early 1930s.
for an extra $15
Taillight
Battery
box
Rear
stand
Drop-center
Enclosed primary drive case with wheel rims allowed 19x4-in (48x10-cm)
automatic oiling prolonged chain life modern beaded balloon tires were
and kept the riders boots clean tires to be fitted anoptional extra
1935 RL SPECIFICATIONS
1935 RL
W HEN THE ORIGINALD-SERIES Harley 45s were introduced in

1929, they were nicknamed the three-cylinder Harleys
because their vertically mounted generators resembled an extra

ENGINE Side-valve, V-twin
POWER OUTPUT 22bhp (approx.)
cylinder. Harley-Davidson produced these bikes in response to hand shift
the success of the popular Indian Scout, but the D-series was not SUSPENSION Leading-link front forks
considered a success and it was replaced, in 1932, by the R-series. WEIGHT 390lb (177kg) (approx.)
The critical change was the new frame, which now featured a curved TOP SPEED 65mph (105km/h)
front downtube and allowed the fitting of a conventional horizontal

generator in front of the engine. These 45s were available in four
versions: the basic R model, the high-compression RL, the RLD, and
Even with a sprung
sidecar RS. The Rs were replaced by the W-series in 1936. While the seat post, the lack of
European market considered a 750cc machine to be a big bike, the rear suspension made
for a bumpy ride
R-series were the smallest bikes in Harleys range in the mid-1930s.
Fold-up rear mudguard

section allows easy
rear-wheel changes
Airflow taillight was
introduced for the Tubular cradle
1935 model year frame
Battery box
212-in (6-cm)
diameter gas-
deflecting
muffler end
Exhaust pipe painted in New constant

Quick-detach special high-temperature mesh three-
rear hub black paint speed gearbox
1935 RL 63
1935 RL
This bike, with its diamond graphics and airflow taillight dates
Speedometer
from 1935, though the engine number indicates that it is a 1932
Left hand-
motor. This kind of contradictory evidence is not uncommon grip ignition Wide leather
when dealing with many years of history. When the R-series control saddle
was introduced in 1932, the D-series 45 unit was totally re-
worked, with modifications to the flywheels, crankcases, barrels,
pistons, conrods, and oil pump. There were only a few minor Air filter
internal changes to the engine between 1932 and 1935. Crash bar
Diamond graphic Exposed

tank detail was used suspension
in 1934 and 35 springs
Footboard
Rear A narrow bike

stand One of the benefits of the
V-twin engine design is its
narrow width, keeping the
weight of the machine
close to the center line.
The stand was fitted until
Horn replaced Harley-Davidson adopted
toolbox in rear suspension.
1935
Two-tone Teak
Red and black
paint finish
Mudflap
Lightweight cover conceals the
oil pump; the gear train that drives
the cams, the oil pump, and the Mudguard
generator are hidden deeper I-beam fork leg stay
The Flathead V-Twin
IMPLICITY IS THE APPEAL of the side-valve, or flathead, engine.
S Though easy to make and maintainthere are no moving parts
in the cylinder head that need to be lubricatedthe downside is
inefficiency. The inlet and exhaust tracts make convoluted curves so
gasses have to take a long route in and out of the cylinder, resulting in
poor performance and economy. However, from the 1920s to the 1950s
simplicity triumphed over efficiency and the side-valve became the iconic Brief twin encounter
Although side-valves were used on the short-lived Sport
American engine for both cars and motorcycles. Proof of its durability is Twin and on some singles, the 45cu. in. unit, as seen
found in the Servi-Car (see pp.7475), which used side-valves until 1973. here on the RL, was its most famous application.
Alloy cylinder head Cylinder head No moving parts in Sparkplug; Harley

with vertical cooling contains specially the cylinder head made its own rebuildable
fins; early side-valves shaped combustion allows the engine sparkplugs at the start
had iron heads chamber height to be low of the side-valve era
Iron barrel
Valve cover conceals

the valve stem, spring,
and tappet adjuster
Inlet
port
Inlet ports meet at

the center of the
V, so only a short
carburetor manifold
is necessary
Exhaust port exits

downward; difficult
gas flow limited the
power of side-valves
Pushrod tube
Connection
to oil tank
Ignition timer
fits in this hole
CONFIGURATION EXPLANATION
Exhaust and inlet valves are
situated adjacent to the cylinder,
hence the side-valve name, and
because the valve stems have to
be parallel, four separate cams are
required. The inlet and exhaust
ports are effectively L-shaped and
Ribbed aluminum timing
it is these convoluted tracts that gear cover was introduced
make the side-valve such an from 1937, designed to
inefficient engine layout. help cool the unit and
make it more efficient
The oil pump is driven

from the rear exhaust
valve camshaft gear
Filling up the oil tank

The Competition and using the extra
1930
Outer casing hand-operated oil pump
INDIAN SCOUT
contains the camshaft when necessary were
Not so much competition as inspiration, the side- and timing gears essential riding rituals
valve Indian Scout 101 was built from 192831 and
was the benchmark 45cu. in. V-twin. It is widely
regarded as the best bike Indian ever built.
and reliable, these are

theRugged
classic American V-twins.
If you want to ride around
the world, the best choice is
a side-valve Harley-Davidson.
Well-used oil filler
Steve Slocombe In the side-valve era, continual engine lubrication was vital.
(Harley-Davidson Restorer) The RL still used the constant loss system in which oil was
burned or blown out of the engine without recirculating.
THE FLATHEAD V-TWIN 65

THE FLATHEAD ERA _ 1930 TO 1973 1900S 1910S 1920S 1930S 1940S 1950S 1960S 1970S 1980S 1990S 2000S
1941 WLD Sport Solo Passing lights
H ARLEY-DAVIDSON HAD originally followed Indian when

the latter had produced its first 45 cu. in. side-valve
machine in 1927. Initially, the Indian 45s were the most highly
Airplane-
style
speedometer
regarded, but by the time Harley introduced its W-series in1937,

it was the Milwaukee-built bikes that enjoyed the better Safety bar
specification and reputation. Replacing the R-serieswith which

they had much in commonthe three models in the original
Footboard
lineup were the basic W, this high-compression WLD, and the
competition model WLDR. The main difference over the Rs was
in the new styling, which mimicked the classy 61 Knucklehead Small is beautiful
(see pp.7879) that had been introduced the previous year. Just The Ws were Harleys
smallest machines of the
like their big brother, the 45s now had teardrop tanks with an period and matched the 45s
integrated instrument panel and curved mudguards, creating a put out by Indian. In terms
of quality control, Harley had
quality range that further established Harley as the market leader. been ahead for some time.
1941 WLD SPORT SOLO Fold-up rear The large saddle

The 1941 model shown here is rare mudguard section helped to compensate
because by this date most of Harleys allowed easy for the lack of rear
wheel removal suspension
production was devoted to military
machines (see WLA, pp.6667). The
45s were basic, robust machines that
made them ideal for converting
tomilitary bikes. High-compression
alloy cylinder head
New
taillight
introduced
in 1939
Rear stand
Introduction of
16-in (40-cm) wheel
in 1940 improved New streamlined Exhaust guard was a
the ride quality toolbox factory-fitted extra
1941 WLD SPORT SOLO 67
Throttle cable
runs inside the
SPECIFICATIONS handlebars
1941 WLD Sport Solo
Tubular forks Optional extras
ENGINE Side-valve, V-twin were added to the By the time this bike was built
CAPACITY 45cu. in. (738cc) WLD in 1940 Harley was offering a range of
POWER OUTPUT 25bhp (est.) factory-fitted accessory packages.
TRANSMISSION Three-speed, chain drive Extras on this WLD include
FRAME Tubular cradle chrome spotlights, chrome trim
SUSPENSION Leading-link front forks, on the mudguards, anda
rigid rear front fender light.
Chrome
headlight
shell
Handlebar
grips
Footboard
Fuel Rubber
tank New recirculating mudflap
lubrication system
meant that the oil was
contained on the left Running
side of the fuel tank light
Valanced
mudguard
Exhaust
outlet
Horizontal fins on Safety bars Front and rear
timing case differentiate were an wheels are
R- and W-series engines optional extra interchangeable
1942 WLA SPECIFICATIONS

1942 WLA
T HE MOTORCYCLE WAS A USEFUL vehicle for military dispatch and

escort duty and had been used in these roles almost since its
invention. Harley-Davidson had supplied a number of machinesto

the US military toward the end of World War I and, despite the fact chain drive
that rival Indian actually contributed more bikes, the company SUSPENSION Leading-link
pulled off a bit of a coup when the the first US serviceman to enter front forks, rigid rear
Germany in 1918 was photographed riding a Harley. The outbreak of TOP SPEED 65mph (105km/h)
World War II created a huge demand for two-wheeled transportation,
with the military needing machines that would survive abuse and
rugged terrain, and would also be simple to ride and repair. The 1942 WLA
WLA, based on the civilian WL models (see pp.6667), fitted the bill The huge numbers of military Harleys
made during World War II mean that
perfectly. Together with the similar WLC model, manufactured for the WLA is relatively common in
the Canadian armed forces and with only detail changes from the classic bike circles. Although many are
WLA, Harley-Davidson built over 80,000 of these models for the presented in their original trim, many
owners have civilianized them by
Allied war effort. Other Harley-Davidsons supplied to the military painting them in different colors and
were the XA (see pp.5657) and the U (see pp.7071). dispensing with their military accessories.
Matt paint finish Leather pannier Sturdy rear carrier The seat was positioned
with no chrome further forward than
or polished alloy on the WL
Hand pump
for the tyres
Taillights have
blackout
covers fitted
Pressed-
steel rear
mudguard
Rear stand
clips onto rear
mudguard
Black finish Extended bashplate protects

exhaust with the gearbox and exhaust as
Fishtail muffler Toolbox well as the engine
1942 WLA 69
Small
Windshield
fitted with
canvas fairing
The rugged side-valve WLA
was the most successful military
windshield
motorcycle ever built, with over

Front
80,000 seeing action for the Allied brake
Rearview
mirror
forces during World War II.
lever
Horn
45-caliber
Thompson
submachine gun Ammo box
Leather
Instrument console
machine-
gun holster
Canvas
Rubber grip leg-shield
handlebars
Daunting front
Blackout Given this imposing view
lighting made of the WLA, its hard to
Fuel
night riding believe that the military
filler-cap
interesting considered these bikes easy to
ride, but the side-valve unit
proved to be very reliable.
Mudguard is cut-
down and raised to
prevent clogging in
muddy conditions
Synthetic material
replaced rubber for
tires as the war
continued
Chunky
block-
tread tire
Front drum
brake
Ground clearance was

Footboard increased by extending
Points case the forksoriginally on
Canvas the civilian WL model
leg-shield by over 2in (5cm)
1944 U Navy SPECIFICATIONS

1944 U Navy
T HE U MODEL WAS INTRODUCED in 1937 as a replacement for

theV-series 74 and 80cu. in. twins. The redesigned engine,
which had a recirculating lubrication system, was fitted into a

POWER OUTPUT 22bhp
TRANSMISSION Four-speed,
chassistaken from the 61EL Knucklehead (see pp.7879) that had hand shift
been introduced the previous year. The styling of other components SUSPENSION Leading-link front forks
including the fuel tank and running gear was also based on the WEIGHT 390lb (177kg)
sublime Knucklehead. Side-valve fans got an improved engine TOP SPEED 75mph (120km/h)
with a four-speed gearbox in a much more modern-looking package,

and these large-capacity side-valve machines proved to be especially
useful for sidecar work. With the outbreak of World War II, Harley
began supplying large numbers of machines to the Allied war theTheall-new
U model was styled on
Knucklehead, but
effort, mainly 45cu. in. bikes (see WLA, pp.6869) but also some incorporated a revised version
74cu. in. U models. This example was supplied to the US Navy
and used on shore duties on Guam.
of Harleys trusty side-valve unit.

Leather seat is padded
Leather pannier with horse hair
attached to pressed-
Twin taillights steel rear rack
are blacked-out Tubular cradle
frame
Oil pump
Rear
mudguard
Rear stand
Black-painted
exhaust with Toolbox with Gearbox Tubular metal
Fishtail muffler ribbed lid kick-start pedal
1944 U NAVY 71
1944 U NAVY Horn

The U-series bikes were simple and rugged, making Air filter
them ideal for use in a military capacity. Modifications
on this bike include blackout lighting and a rifle holster.
War-time shortages meant that rubber handgrips were Ammo box
substituted by plastic and the kick-start pedal was
nothing more than a bare metal tube. While the 80cu.
in. version was phased out in 1941, the 74cu. in. model Front
drum
remained in production until 1948. brake
Thompson 45-
caliber machine gun
Matt paint finish
in US Navy gray
Second choice
Very few U models were used by the US
military during World War II. Production
figures for 1944 show that only 580 Us rolled
out of the factory compared to 11,531 WLAs.
US Navy insignia Leather machine

on teardrop tank gun holster
Blackout light
Military
specification
mudguard has
no valances
Points case
16-in
Valve-spring/ Ribbed steel Heat-treated (41-cm)
tappet covers footboard front forks wheel
1949 WR Racer SPECIFICATIONS

1949 WR Racer
1934 THE RULES OF AMERICAN RACING were changed to encourage ENGINE Side-valve, V-twin
I N
the participation of amateur riders on cheaper, production-based
motorcycles. Though influenced by the fact that Harley-Davidson and

POWER OUTPUT 38bhp
Indians 45cu. in. twins were comparatively inexpensive and popular at hand shift
the time, the change meant that Harley had to put out some new SUSPENSION Leading-link
models to meet the challenge of the class. In 1937 Harley offered the front forks
tuned WLDR, but the real response came in 1941 when the WR (flat- TOP SPEED 110mph (177km/h) (est.)
track) and WRTT (TT) models were introduced. These pure racing
machines were supplied without any extraneous equipmentthe WR,
for example, came with footrests rather than boards, a lightweight frame,
This style of tank detail was
and no brakes. More importantly, the engine was much more powerful introduced in 1947 and continued
than the basic W models (see pp.6669) on which the bike was based. on the W-series through to 1951
Shortened rear Leather saddle pivots

The WR came mudguard Tubular cradle from the tank
with a choice of frame
18- or 19-in
(46- or 48-cm)
wheels
Heavy-duty
saddle springs
Frame
bracing strut
Folding footpegs were fitted to the WR;

Different Rear drum brake was not WRTT models came with footboards,
sprockets allowed an original component brakes, and a different frame
gearing changes
1949 WR RACER 73
1949 WR RACER
The WR was available with a variety of components so riders
could adapt the bike to suit their needs. Small fuel tanks
could be fitted for short races, large ones for longer events;
sprockets and tires also came in different sizes. Harleys real
innovation with the WR was to empower amateur racers by
offering them such a wealth of options, resulting in the
growth in popularity of amateur bike racing.
Exposed
Red extended suspension
control grip is a nice springs
period touch
Postwar racing victories

Harley-Davidson had phenomenal racing success in the years
immediately after World War II, especially in events such as this
Oil filler-cap
100-mile (161-km) road race in 1947. Harleys racing stars of the
period included Babe Tancrede, winner of the Laconia 100-mile
(161-km) race in 1947, and Jimmy Chann, who won the Grand
National Championship in 1947, 48, and 49, as well as winning
the 1949 Langhorne 100-mile (161-km) race.
Cast-iron headstock is
drilled to reduce weight Thick dirt-track
racing tire
Right side of fuel

tank actually
contains engine oil
Aluminum
cylinder
head
Exhaust
retaining
spring
Two-into-one
exhaust system
provided
optimum power
Vertical Wico magneto was

derived from a unit originally Strengthened spokes
intended for tractor engines on racing wheel Leading-link
front suspension
1969 GE Servi-Car SPECIFICATIONS

1969 GE Servi-Car
F IRST INTRODUCED IN 1932, series G Servi-Cars were popular with

US police departments until the 1970s. They were often ridden
by traffic police on parking patrol and were geared for low-speed

POWER OUTPUT 22bhp
TRANSMISSION Three-speed forward,
use. The rider would drive the bike slowly past parked cars while one-speed reverse
FRAME Tubular cradle with additional
marking the cars tires using chalk on a stick. When the officer rear subframe
returned an hour later, any cars with a chalk mark on their tire would SUSPENSION Telescopic front forks,
swingarm rear
receive a ticket. Many Servi-Cars were fitted with a left-hand throttle WEIGHT 598lb (271kg)
so that the riders right hand was free to use the chalk. They were TOP SPEED 65mph (105km/h)
engineered to be user-friendly as they were used by unskilled riders.
Fiberglass was used for the box
Radio antenna construction from 1967,
replacing sheet metal and wood
Leather
solo saddle
The gargantuan
storage box was
advertised as being
able to carry loads of
up to 500lb (227kg)
Rear subframe Generator

16-in (41-cm) provides necessary
pressed-steel wheel support for the box
with chrome hubcap and extra wheel
1969 GE SERVI-CAR 75
1969 GE SERVI-CAR
The 45cu. in. side-valve engine was Wing mirrors
Parking
gradually updated throughout the brake lock
Servi-Cars 42-year production run,
but it remained essentially the same
unit used on the prewar machines.
The Servi-Car was used as a guinea Windshield Police
pig for Harleys first electric starter is height- lights
adjustable
in 1964; once proved, the system
was fitted to the Electra Glide Turn signals
(see pp.9091) the following year.
Aluminum
Lever-operated headlight nacelle
siren is painted black
Instrument panel Chrome

headlight
peak
Right side of the Practical machine
fuel tank contains Three wheels meant this was a safe bike
lubricating oil to ride and, with its enormous carrying
capacity, it appealed to merchants as
well as to police forces.
Dynamo-operated
siren would take
over a minute to
wind down
Cast-iron
cylinders
and heads
Electric
starter case
Engine design remained Telescopic forks

almost unchanged from Deeply valanced are the same as
W-series solo machines mudguard with those used on the Front drum
(see pp.6467) chrome trim big-twins brake
CHAPTER FOUR
OHV BIG-TWINS 1936 1984
1936 61EL KNUCKLEHEAD
Knucklehead, Panhead, and Shovelhead

can only be used as terms of endearment when
discussing Harley-Davidson motorcycles.
These were the nicknames given to the
overhead-valve engines that powered Harleys
big-twins from 1936 to 1984. Another great
name in this chapter of Harley history is the
Electra Glide, probably the single most famous
motorbike in the world. Harleys big-twins
really were the true embodiment of the
American motorcycle.
STAR BIKES
Peter Fonda, seen here in the film The Wild Angels,
went on to star in the quintessential Harley-Davidson
chopper film, Easy Rider.
1936 61EL SPECIFICATIONS

1936 61EL
S OME PEOPLE CONSIDER THE 61 Knucklehead to be the bike that

put Indian out of business; others claim it was the bike that saved
Harley-Davidson. Either way, this was Harleys first proper production

ENGINE Overhead-valve, V-twin
overhead-valve twin and, introduced in 1936, it was a groundbreaking chain drive
FRAME Twin downtube
machine. The crucial new feature on the bike was its all-new overhead- tubular cradle
valve Knucklehead engine which, for the first time on a Harley, also SUSPENSION Leading-link front forks,
rigid rear
had a recirculating lubrication system. But the 61 wasnt just about WEIGHT 515lb (234kg)
improved technologyit was also one of the best-looking bikes that TOP SPEED 100mph (161km/h)
Harley ever built, and elements of its design can be seen in the cruisers
of today. The teardrop fuel tank, curved mudguards, and elegant
Shape of the alloy
detailing gave the bike a tight, purposeful, and modern look. Although rocker boxes gives
the 61EL suffered delays in development and teething troubles in the engine its
Knucklehead name
production, it became one of the best-loved Harleys ever made. Harleys patented
sprung saddle
18-in (46-cm) rear
and front wheels are
Air-flow interchangeable Teak Red and black
streamlined color scheme was one
taillight of five offered for 1936
Oil return pipe
Rear stand
Exhaust fitted Oil tank is

with Burgess wrapped around Four-speed Kick-start
fishtail muffler the battery gearbox pedal
1936 61EL 79
1936 61EL Twist-grip Large-diameter

throttle control headlight
The 61 incorporated a four-speed, constant mesh gearbox
and a cradle frame. These features, combined with the
new engine block, gave the bike improved performance
and reliability over its side-valve predecessor. The 61 was Control cables
produced in three models: 61E (medium compression), Gear lever
run inside the
61EL (Special Sport solo), and 61ES (medium compression handlebars
sidecar). A 74cu. in. version of the Knucklehead engine
(available in F, FL, and FS models) was introduced Winged-face
in 1941 (see pp.8283). horn with
chrome cover
Front
Beautifully suspension
sculpted fuel tank springs
incorporates the Crash bar
instrument console was a
standard
fitting
Teardrop More innovations

fuel tank The 61 carried Harley-Davidsons
Friction first four-speed, constant mesh
suspension gearbox, yet another feature that
damper in technological terms pushed
Harley ahead of its rivals Indian.
Stylish curved
mudguard
Folding
footboard
Chrome molybdenum
Diagonal air Points case was in fork legs replaced the
Color-
intake only used this position on the forged I-beams on the
coordinated
on 1936 models big-twins until 1970 side-valve bikes
wheel rim
The Knucklehead
HE KNUCKLEHEAD ENGINE, so named because of the shape of
T its rocker covers, came with two significant new features when
it was introduced in 1936. The first was overhead valves, which
boosted power from the V-twin unit; and the second was a single
camshaft arrangement that would be used on Harleys big-twins for
1936 61E
the next 60 years. The Knucklehead was also the first Harley-Davidson As well as the the 61EL, the Knucklehead was also
to incorporate a recirculating oil system, where oil was constantly fed fitted to the 61E. The difference between the models
was that the EL had a high-compression Knucklehead
through the engine rather than just burned off. unit, whereas the E had medium-compression.
Alloy cases on the Oil-feed pipe; oil was Rocker shaft retaining nut; From above, the
top of the cylinder returned to the crankcases the other end is bolted to cylinders reveal a crude
heads enclose via the pushrod tubes the cylinder head valve-spring enclosure
the rockers and partly exposed
rocker-arm shafts
Carburetor
manifold
Pushrod
tube
Exhaust port
Cooling fins on
cylinder barrel
Contact
breaker case
The Knucklehead
originally had a capacity
of 61cu. in., but a 74cu.
in. version became
available from 1941
Oil pump
WHY KNUCKLEHEAD?
Clench your fist, look at the
back of your hand, and youll
see why this was called the Ribbed
Knucklehead. The polished timing
nuts that retain the rockerarms gear case
are the knuckles and the
pushrod tubes are the tendons Engine case screw
running down the back of
the hand. With its overhead
valvegear and recirculating New dry sump lubrication
system meant that oil
lubrication system, the recirculated rather than
Knucklehead was a giant leap just burned off
forward for Harley-Davidson.
Crankcase bolt
Aerodynamic The Competition
body shell
1938 CROCKER
The Crocker was produced in limited numbers in
Aerodynamic Single camshaft was
fairing and fork
California, but it was one of the few bikes capable of
superior to the twin and
outrunning a good Knucklehead. It was built in the
four-cam systems used
Disc wheel by Harley in the past classic style of an American V-twin and was available
in the traditional red, white, and blue color scheme.
Right there is the engine

that put the Indian Motorcycle
Nationwide publicity
Company out of business.
In March 1937, this streamlined Knucklehead achieved a record Laurie Mayers
speed of 136.183mph (220km/h) when ridden by Joe Petrali at

(Knucklehead Owner)
Daytona Beach, Florida. With the Knucklehead released just the
year before, it was confirmation of the new engines pedigree.
THE KNUCKLEHEAD 81

THE KNUCKLEHEAD ERA _ 1936 TO 1947 1900S 1910S 1920S 1930S 1940S 1950S 1960S 1970S 1980S 1990S 2000S
1941 74FL SPECIFICATIONS

1941 74FL
T HEHARLEY-DAVIDSON PHILOSOPHY of making a good idea bigger

was applied to the Knucklehead engine in 1941 when capacity
was increased to 74 cubic inches, though the 61cu. in. model remained
POWER OUTPUT 48bhp @
5,000rpm
in production. As well as the larger engine, the frame was stronger and TRANSMISSION Four-speed,
hand shift
adjustments had been made to the transmission since the Knucklehead FRAME Tubular cradle
first appeared in 1936 (see pp.7881). Despite regular revamps, the SUSPENSION Leading-link front forks
evolution of Harleys big overhead-valve engine has been continuous TOP SPEED 105mph (169km/h)
and gradual, and there is a direct link between todays big-twins and
the 1936 model. From 1942, production of the Knucklehead was badly
disrupted by the war, with Harley redirecting its efforts to producing
Smooth brown
military bikes, and the FL didnt get back to being produced in cowhide leather seat
significant numbers until 1946. It remained largely unchanged until the
Knucklehead was replaced by the Panhead (see pp.8687) in 1948. Knucklehead
rocker cover
Fold-up rear Skyway Blue was one

section allows easy of five colors in the
wheel removal Harley range for 1941
Black painted
boat-tail Battery is situated in the
rear light middle of the horseshoe-
shaped oil tank
Rear
stand
New quieter speed- Streamlined toolbox Chromed

lined muffler was designed by exhaust
introduced for 1941 Raymond Loewy pipe covers
1941 74FL 83
1941 74FL Wide handlebars

Comparing the profile of this 1941 Knucklehead with the
1936 bike (see pp. 7879), it is clear to see how much the
model had developed in only five years. The streamlined
toolbox, round air filter, and speed-tuned exhaust all
contribute to a more modern appearance, aided by the input Imposing front
of designer Raymond Loewy. With design credits that The chrome horn with
Filler-cap for embossed winged motif
included the Greyhound Scenicruiser bus and the 1-gallon (3.8-liter) was introduced on the
Studebaker Avanti, Loewy was one of the most influential reserve fuel tank original 1936 Knucklehead
designers of the 20th century. and, combined with the
high-mounted headlight,
Suspension gave the FL a handsome
springs front profile.
Cats eye
instrument
console Foot-operated
clutch lever
Metal tank
badge introduced
Chrome
in 1940
horn
Wheels measuring 16 in
(41 cm) were optional
from 1940 and gave
improved ride comfort
over the larger ones
New vane-type 7-in (18-cm)

oil pump replaced diameter circular Chrome Whitewall
double-gear unit air cleaner mudguard trim tire
1951 74FL Hydra-Glide SPECIFICATIONS

1951 74FL Hydra-Glide
H ARLEY HAD BEEN KEEPING ITS riders comfortable using the

springer leading-link fork (introduced 1907) and the sprung
seat-post (introduced 1912) for years. By 1949, though, the merits

TRANSMISSION Four-speed, hand shift
of hydraulically damped telescopic forks were obvious and from that FRAME Tubular cradle
SUSPENSION Hydraulically damped
year they were fitted to the 61 and 74cu. in. twins. Hence the name telescopic forks, rigid rear
Hydra-Glide. Another development had taken place the previous WEIGHT 598lb (271kg)
year with the arrival of the Panhead engine (see pp.8687) to replace TOP SPEED 102mph (164km/h)
the Knucklehead. Though regarded as a classic, the Knucklehead

had been prone to oil leaks and the new unit sought to address this
1951 74FL HYDRA-GLIDE
problemthe Panhead moniker referred to the large rocker covers The L designation denotes this as a high-
that enclosed the valvegear and kept the oil inside the engine. compression model, and the 74FL was
Combined with the new hydraulic valve-lifters, these modifications Harleys biggest-selling model in 1951,
with over 6,000 units sold. Optional
all amounted to reduced wear on the engine and completed another foot-shift and hand-lever clutch were
successful chapter in the history of Harleys big-twins. introduced in 1952 on the new FLF model.
First-aid kit came as Mudguard-mounted Panhead rocker

part of the police fire extinguisher cover
option package
Radio equipment
stored in this
wooden pannier
Solo leather saddle
still uses the sprung
seat-post first seen
in 1912
Taillight
Rear stand
16x5-in
(41x13-cm) tire
Mellow-tone muffler
was introduced from 1950 Horseshoe-
and designed to reduce shaped oil tank Four-speed Exhaust
levels of exhaust noise with battery in center gearbox downtube
1951 74FL HYDRA-GLIDE 85
Windshield is
height-adjustable
Hydraulically
damped telescopic
forks from which
the Hydra-Glide
gets its name
Tinted lower
windshield
section
Large-diameter
headlight sits
in a pressed-
steel upper
fork panel
Policemans favorite
This particular bike was used by the Willowick
Police Department, Ohio. Harley sold large numbers
of bikes to police forces and offered a standard police
accessory group costing $78.75 in 1951.
Pursuit light
Mudguard-mounted
police sign
Painted silver-
gray fender
Chrome
mudguard
trim
One-piece
front safety guard
Eight-rib timing New chrome tank Painted black

gear covernew badge with script spoked wheel 8-in (20-cm)
for 1951 lettering and bar and rim front drum
brake
Official choice
With the demise of Indian in 1953, Harleys
became the only choice for police departments.
Many Americans got their first close look at
The Panhead a motorcycle as they explained their slip-ups
HERE WASNT MUCH WRONG with the Knucklehead (see pp.8081), but the to a Harley-mounted highway patrol officer.
T Panhead is proof that you can improve on a good idea. Though the new
engine was essentially a Knucklehead bottom end with a revised top section,
there were a number of significant changes on the Panhead. Fully enclosed
valvegear made the engine quieter and cleaner, and hydraulic valve-lifters
cut down on maintenance. In addition, new aluminum cylinder heads were
capped with large pan-shaped rocker covers which gave the bike its name.
New aluminum Inlet Air filter

cylinder head manifold cover
Pressed-steel Rocker covers are

rocker cover lined with felt to
reduce noise
Exhaust port
Exhaust port;
Points unit; timing
exhaust pipe is
could be altered by
fitted to the heads
rotating the case
by a clamp
Timing
Hydraulic valve-lifters gear case
positioned at the
bottom of the pushrod
Oil pressure
gauge is an
addition to this
modified engine
Screw regulates
oil pumps
delivery rate
Feed pipe
to oil tank The Panhead came in both 61 and
74cu. in. capacities, though the
smaller engine was phased out in
1953; there was also a choice of
Crankcase medium- or high-compression units
bolt
REVISION RATHER THAN REVAMP

The similarities between the Pan and the The Competition
Knuckle are obvious, but the later engine 1951 INDIAN CHIEF ROADMASTER
has a much cleaner appearance. However, The Indian Chief may have been one of the most stylish
the Panhead was revised in 1955 when bikes ever built, but technologically it was way behind
larger engine casings were fitted. the Panhead. Side-valves and a crude three-speed box
were no match for the ohv four-speed Harley.
The Panhead was classic Harley-

Davidson thinkingtake something
that works [the Knucklehead] and
Pan handling make it better.
Cowboys would have been happy to cook their beans in
Clive Wessler
these pans and its obvious how the engine got its name. (Panhead Owner)
The alloy collar slips over the pan and a series of screws
secure it to the cylinder head.
THE PANHEAD 87

THE PANHEAD ERA _ 1948 TO 1965 1900S 1910S 1920S 1930S 1940S 1950S 1960S 1970S 1980S 1990S 2000S
1960 FLH Duo-Glide

B Y THE LATE 1950S, HARLEYS big-twins had captured a section of the
market for big, comfortable, large-capacity tourers. Weight wasnt an
issue, but comfort and dependability were. In 1958 Harley finally added rear
swingarm suspension to its Panhead big-twin and celebrated the addition
with the Duo-Glide model name. By the time that this model was built in
1960, almost no two Harleys were the same, as owners tended to load their
machines with extra components in order to individualize the looks and
improve the comfort and capabilities of their bike. Harley offered a range of
accessory groups and color schemes which meant that buyers could specify
which extras they wanted on their machine when they ordered it from the
dealer. These accessory-laden machines came to be known as dressers.
Riders handbook Passenger grab-rail

Harley-Davidsons handbooks were filled Chrome-covered shock Heavy-duty saddle
with maintenance tips and other helpful absorber, with the rear combined with the new
hints. In addition, the comprehensive suspension giving the rear suspension made this
network of knowledgeable Harley dealers Duo-Glide its name a perfect touring bike
would always provide assistance
if things went wrong. Luggage carrier
License-plate holder
Round taillight Kick start
This model is painted

in the optional color
scheme of Hi-Fi
Red with Birch
White tank panels
Safety
guards
Fiberglass rear
panniers were an
optional extra
Chrome exhaust cover
Saddle springs were

Cast-iron rear brake is Vertical retained despite the
hydraulically operated toolbox new rear suspension
1960 FLH DUO-GLIDE 89
SPECIFICATIONS
Windshield Rearview 1960 FLH Duo-Glide
redesigned this mirror
year to incorporate ENGINE Overhead-valve, V-twin
new fork nacelle CAPACITY 74cu. in. (1213cc)
7,200rpm
Red tinted TRANSMISSION Four-speed,
lower windshield hand shift
Arrow-flite section FRAME Tubular cradle
tank badge
telescopic forks, rear swingarm
Ball-ended TOP SPEED 100mph (160km/h)
handlebar
lever New
aluminum
fork nacelle
1960 FLH DUO-GLIDE

The FLH designation had been introduced
in 1955 for the top-of-the-range models
after a revamp of the Panhead had
produced a more efficient block resulting
in greater horsepower. The H indicated
that the engine had polished ports and
Victory camshafts, which Harley claimed
gave a 10-percent power increase.
Aluminum
telescopic forks Front drum
brake
Chrome
fender
Trumpet bars
horn was
fitted as
standard
Ribbed timing
case cover
Rear brake Elaborate

Exhaust has a pedal for new mudguard Whitewall
chrome cover hydraulic system detailing tires
1965 74FLHB Electra Glide

I N THE EARLY 1960S ELECTRIC starters were being offered by the
emerging Japanese manufacturers on even their smallest machines,
so Harley felt obliged to put them on its 1200cc machines. The system
1965 74FLHB ELECTRA GLIDE
While 1965 was the first year of the famous
Electra Glide, it was also the last year for
the Panhead engine. This example is a
was developed for the three-wheeled Servi-Car (see pp.7475) in hand-shift model, which Harley continued
1964 and, having proved its reliability, was attached to the FLH the to offer as an option until 1973. The foot
clutch is on the left side, the shift-lever is
following year to create the Electra Glide. A larger battery and on the left side of the tank, and the front
12-volt electrical system was needed to run the starter, so the oil brake is on the left-side handlebar. This
tank on the FLH had to be redesigned Harley bike is still in regular use and covers
thousands of miles every year.
continued to put the kick-start alongside the new
system for a while so that riders could impress their Seat Kick-start pedal was
springs retained on early
friends with their one-kick starting technique (and Electra Glides
when it didnt work they could press the button).
Chrome
Alloy rear passenger
mudguard grab rail
Rear license support
plate
Tail
light
Fishtail
muffler
High-output battery
Two-into-one exhaust situated on the right side
system; a two-pipe Chrome shock of the frame; oil tank was
system was an option absorber cover moved to the left
1965 74FLHB ELECTRA GLIDE 91
Rearview
Electric mirror SPECIFICATIONS
starter 1965 74FLHB Electra Glide
button
12-volt CAPACITY 74cu. in. (1213cc)
Wide-diameter headlight POWER OUTPUT 60bhp @
handlebar grips 5,400rpm
Polished alloy TRANSMISSION Four-speed,
headlight hand shift
nacelle Optional FRAME Tubular steel cradle
front
spotlight
telescopic forks, rear swingarm
Front brake lever
Instrument
console
The 1965 FLH bikes were
the first Harley big-twins to be
equipped with electric starters and
the only Electra Glides powered
by the Panhead engine.

Indicators fitted Electra Glide
from 1963 front mudguard
script
This style
of tank badge
was used from
1963 to 1965
Crash bar
Rear brake
pedal
Panhead engine fitted on the 16x5-in (41x13-cm) tire Front drum

Electra Glide for 1965 only provided superior ride quality brake
1971 FX Super Glide SPECIFICATIONS

1971 FX Super Glide
T HOUGH HARLEY-DAVIDSON FROWNED on the customizers who

chopped and modified its machines in the 1960sand certainly
didnt approve of the influence of the film Easy Riderthe company

introduced its own tribute to the customizing trend in 1971. The FX left foot-shift
Super Glide mated a kick-start 74cu. in. engine with the forks and SUSPENSION Telescopic front forks,
front wheel from a Sportster to give the bike a chopper-inspired look. swingarm rear
Styled by Willie G. Davidson, grandson of cofounder William A. (with half a tank of fuel)
Davidson, the idea was to combine the grunt of the big F-series engine TOP SPEED 108mph (174km/h)
with the lean looks of the X-series Sportsters. But although the Super
Glide concept proved to be a winner in the long run, the unique
bodywork on the 1971 model was too much for customers of the time 312-gallon (13.25-liter)
and 72 models came with a more conventional seat and mudguard. two-part fuel tank
Fiberglass seat unit was produced

Boat-tail design by Harleys golf-cart division Only a small battery is needed Shovelhead
was only made because the FX is not fitted rocker box
in 1971 with an electric starter
Muffler
The wheel rim is

a non-standard Two-into-one Chromed kick-start Kick-
alloy version exhaust system spring cover start
1971 FX SUPER GLIDE 93
Single chromed 1971 FX SUPER GLIDE

rearview mirror This bike is an unrestored and in-use
example of the much sought-after 1971
Super Glide, with the Sparkling America
red, white, and blue color scheme and Buckhorn,
Fuel filler-cap for boat-tail seat unit. These one-year-only custom-style
the right-side of elements to the bike have ensured that the handlebars
the two-part tank 71 is now a collectors piece. This style of
seat was also an option on 1971 Sportsters.
Circular
taillight
Sportster-style
headlight with
eyebrow
Primary
drive casing
Light switch and

speedometer are
mounted in the Fold-up
tank-top dash footrest
Rear profile
The slim rear profile of the Super
Glide is only compromized by the
bulbous primary drive casing.
Even so, the FX looked like no
other bike Harley had produced.
16-in
(41-cm)
rear wheel
Nonstandard
rubber fork
gaiter
Brake
cable
Sportster
front fork
Ham can
air filter
Chrome cover for

master cylinder
operating the rear brake
Cone alternator cover

was used on the Shovelhead Single leading-shoe 19-in (48-cm)
engine from 1970 front drum brake front wheel
The Shovelhead
HE KNUCKLEHEAD LOOKED LIKE knuckles, the Panhead looked
T like pans, so the Shovelhead looked like... but you have to squint
and use your imagination. Introduced in 1966, the Shovelheads new
cast-alloy rocker boxes on the revised cylinder heads gave the engine
its distinctive shape. It was quieter, cleaner, more efficient, and a bit
more powerful than the Panhead (see pp.8687). The bottom end of Shovelhead chopper
the engine was almost identical to that on the Panhead until a revamp The Shovelhead engine is at the heart of the classic
chopper. It is possible to build up a cloned Harley
in 1970 changed the electrical supply from generator to alternator power. engine just using parts from aftermarket suppliers.
Rocker shafts are Rocker cover looks

retained by Large ham like a shovel turned
recessed bolts can air filter upside down
Alloy rocker cover
Pushrod tube
replaces the one-
piece cover used
on the Panhead
Carburetor
Nine cooling fins

Exhaust pipes are indicate that this is
fitted with two a 74cu. in. model;
screws and a collar 80cu. in. versions
had ten fins
Black paint on the iron Timing case; this was
cylinder barrel helps to removed on the post-
disperse heat 1970 alternator models
External oil line ensures

sufficient lubrication
reaches the cylinder head
Oil delivery
regulating screw
AN EARLY EXAMPLE
This is an early Shovelhead
engine made before the
redesign to accommodate
a new alternator. The change
dispensed with the external
timing case and the forward
generator mounting position
featured on this engine. Post-1970 Shovelheads
Interchangeability of parts and had a smaller cone-shaped
the availability of aftermarket timing gear case rather
than this finned design
components means that many
Shovelheads are upgraded.
Crankcase bolt
The Competition
1969 HONDA CB750
The CB750 was a big threat to bike manufacturers The Shovelhead cylinder
worldwide. Japanese companies had set the standard heads were based on the
for reliability and specs in small-capacity bikes, and Sportster, but the bottom end
now they were branching out into the big-bike market. was a revised version
of the Knucklehead engine
Single-overhead-
cam 750cc engine
Maybe Im a romantic,

but somehow Harleys lost some
charm when they replaced the
Shovel. Things just got too easy.
Chopper fame
Noel Probyn The Shovelhead era was well underway when the film Easy Rider
(Electra Glide Owner) was released in 1969. Though the bikes use Panhead
(see pp.8687) engines, the film popularized the chopper and influenced
Harleys decision to build the Shovelhead FX Super Glide.
THE SHOVELHEAD 95

THE SHOVELHEAD ERA _ 1966 TO 1983 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s

A FTER 18 YEARS IN PRODUCTION the Shovelhead engine was
replaced in 1984 by the new, but externally similar, Evolution
engines (see pp.14445). The FLHX was the swansong of the
1984 FLHX ELECTRA GLIDE
The 80cu. in. Shovelhead engine had been
introduced in 1978, and the long-established
74cu. in. version had been discontinued in
Shovelhead Electra Glides, a special limited-edition model 1981three years before the 80s demise.
(apparently only 1,250 were made) available in black or white with Both had been sterling power units, but had
been somewhat left behind by the new
wire-spoked wheels and full touring equipment. Cynics would say technologies being developed by foreign
that this was a good excuse to use up the last of the old-style engines, competition. Ultimately the FLHX was a
while others might argue that an engine with the reputation and fitting last shell for the Shovelhead block,
ending an era where the old workhorse had
life span of the Shovelhead deserved a celebratory parting shot. become synonymous with the whole
Either way it was the end of an era. concept of Harley touring bikes.
Passenger
backrest
King and queen seat
Safety reflector gives the pillion passenger
a raised view
Larger (by 15 percent) Luggage rack

panniers were
introduced in 1983 Battery box
Circular
indicator
Fishtail
exhaust muffler
Rear disc brake first appeared Box section steel Folded-up

on the Electra Glide in 1973 swingarm passenger footboard
1984 FLHX ELECTRA GLIDE 97
Height-adjustable
windshield SPECIFICATIONS
Square mirror
Windshield CAPACITY 80cu. in. (1312cc)
support frame POWER OUTPUT 65bhp (est.)
Handlebar- TRANSMISSION Four-speed, left
switchgear foot-shift, belt drive
Headlight SUSPENSION Telescopic front forks,
swingarm rear
peak
WEIGHT 752lb (341kg) (with half
Gold stripes and a tank of fuel)
red pinstriping Passing TOP SPEED 90mph (145km/h)
are unique to light
the FLHX
wasThea limited-edition
FLHX Electra Glide
model
that had, at its heart, the last
of Harleys Shovelhead units.

Indicator
Chromed fork shroud
Wire-spoked wheel
Crash bar
Huge airbox Flexible mountings Front disc brake,

advertises the FLHXs reduce engine first introduced on Whitewall
80cu. in. capacity vibration the 1971 Electra Glide tire
CHAPTER FIVE
POST -WAR
SMALL BIKES 19481977
1967 CRTT ALA DORO
Lightweights, mopeds, and scooters

with the famous Harley-Davidson badge?
Yes, its true. For 30 years Harley built
lightweight machines with buzzing exhaust
notes and budget price tags, but it all ended
in failure as Harley couldnt compete with
the Japanese manufacturers. It is a fascinating
story nevertheless, involving designs acquired
as war reparations, an American scooter,
the takeover of an Italian manufacturer,
and four World Championship wins.
Harley-Davidson Convoy
The Apollo 11 astronauts get a Harley-Davidson convoy through
the streets of New York in 1969. The 1960s was the decade when
Harley-Davidson produced its widest range of small motorcycles.
1955 ST
H ARLEYS LITTLE 125CC TWO-STROKE first appeared in the line
for the 1948 season. The design was based on the German
DKW, which was made available to Harley, and to the British BSA
SPECIFICATIONS
1955 ST
group, as part of war reparations. Harley gave the bike its own styling ENGINE Two-stroke single
details, which were based on those used on the bigger models. The CAPACITY 165cc
new bike was designated the Model S, and a 165cc version was POWER OUTPUT 7bhp
TRANSMISSION Three-speed
introduced for 1953. Throughout its seven-year production run the ST
retained a three-speed gearbox and rigid rear, so by the time it reached SUSPENSION Telescopic forks, rigid rear
the end of its life it must have appeared very old fashioned. From 1960 WEIGHT 170lb (77kg)
Harley offered a new model based on the same engine (see Bobcat TOP SPEED 55mph (89km/h) (est.)
pp.10405), but even these didnt get rear suspension until 1963.
1955 ST Peanut fuel tank shape was

The basic design of the ST may have been German, Battery case created for the original 125
but Harley Americanized it by using the companys with horizontally and survives in the Sportster
own style of motorcycle parts. The fuel tank, mounted ampmeter
mudguards, seat, headlight, and other details were
all derived from those used on bigger machines in Tassled leather V Harley badge used on
saddle the ST from 195556
the Harley line. It may not have been a big-twin,
but it was a Harley-Davidson.
Bullet-shaped
taillight
Rear brake
linkage
Cast-alloy
carburetor cover
Chromed steel Exhaust Folding rubber-

wheel rim retaining bracket covered footrest
1955 ST 101
German origins
The ST was descended from
the German DKW bike acquired
DKWs influence was global in the years after World
War II. Small two-strokes featuring the gear pedal and
kick-start on the same axisa DKW trademarkwere
by Harley after World War II produced in at least six different countries.
as part of reparations.

Lightweight Tele-
Fuel filler-cap unscrews
and contains a cup for
Optional
leather
Windshield Glide front forks first measuring oil panniers
support appeared in 1951
Fork yoke panel

incorporates the
speedometer
Left foot- Kick- Prop

shift lever start lever stand
Tinted
Headlight style and
windshield
mounting are derived Mudguard
from the Hydra-Glide stay
(see pp.8485)
Chrome front
mudguard trim
is nonstandard
Crash bars Light

were optional switch
Exhaust
pipe
Footrest Muffler
Valanced
mudguard
Extra refinements
This example is equipped with
Small drum brake copes 19x314-in nonstandard, but period, windshield
with the sedate performance (48x8.3-cm) and panniers and has additional
and light weight of the ST wheel chrome trim on the mudguards.
1964 AH Topper SPECIFICATIONS

1964 AH Topper
T HE AMERICAN SCOOTER MARKET had flourished in the 1950s, but

the arrival of the 165cc Topper scooter to the Harley range in
1959 heralded the end of the boom. Scooter buyers wanted bikes that
ENGINE Two-stroke, single

cylinder
CAPACITY 165cc
POWER OUTPUT 9bhp
TRANSMISSION Automatic
were easy to ride and, though the Topper met this criterion, its boxy FRAME Steel frame
styling was no match for the attractive curves of the contemporary SUSPENSION Swingarm front
and rear
Italian Vespa and Lambretta scooters. Intriguingly, a sidecar option WEIGHT 200lb (90kg)
was offered. The Topper was dropped from the Harley catalog after TOP SPEED 65mph (105km/h)
the 1965 season, much to the pleasure of die-hard Harley enthusiasts.
Hand-pulled
Lift-up seat with recoil
under-seat storage starter
1964 was first year

of rear badging
Exhaust
pipe
Fiberglass body Scootaway Large silencer

panels in two-tone Passenger transmission has muted the 165cc
paint scheme footrest chain final drive two-stroke engine
1964 AH TOPPER 103
Front brake lever on the Horn grille

left handlebar had a lock Handlebars were
on it so it could also be more streamlined
used as a parking brake than on previous Apart from this Fiesta Red
versions and white, the only other
paint finish on offer in
1964 was black and white
Horn
Legshields and
front mudguard
were constructed
of metal
Revised grips
fitted for the
1962 model year
White painted
headlight
1964 AH TOPPER neacle with Each wheel
While the Topper may have been a chrome trim has 5-in (13-
cm) brakes
bit lacking in style, it was no worse
than most other American-built Commuter runaround
machines of the era. A centrifugal clutch With the Topper Harley-Davidson
and belt-drive system with variable was trying to appeal to the urban
diameter pulleys provided automatic gear buyer who needed a stress-free form
change and the two-stroke engine had a reed of transportation, and it achieved
this with some measure of success.
valve in the induction system. Quirkily, it was
started with a pull cord, like a lawn mower.
Rear brake pedal

12-in (30-
cm) pressed-
steel wheel
Footboard with
rubber mat
Exhaust
mounting Swingarm front
Unconventional bracket suspension has a
right-hand shock absorber
propstand on this side only
1966 BTH Bobcat SPECIFICATIONS

1966 BTH Bobcat
T HE AMERICAN MOTORCYCLE MARKET was shaken up in the 1960s

by the arrival of vast numbers of Japanese machines. In 1963
Harley introduced the BT Pacer, a revamp of its old 165 (see pp.100

ENGINE Single cylinder, two-stroke
CAPACITY 175cc
POWER OUTPUT 10bhp (est.)
101) with a new framefinally incorporating rear suspensionand a chain drive
new 175cc engine. A further rework for 1966 produced the Bobcat, a SUSPENSION Telescopic front forks,
one-year-only model whose styling reflected the fashion for off-road swingarm rear
WEIGHT Not known
biking at the time. This was the final version of the DKW-derived TOP SPEED 65mph (105km/h) (est.)
two-stroke and the last Harley lightweight to be built in America
Harleys acquisition of Aermacchi in 1960 meant production shifted
to Italy after 1966. Though a valiant attempt, it failed to match its
Solo and dual
well-equipped and competitively priced Japanese contemporaries. seat options
were available
Horn
The tank cover/mudguard unit
was a one-piece resin molding
Rear light housing
follows lines of
molded body
High-level
exhaust pipe
Pressed-
steel
chainguard
Heat shield
49-tooth rear sprocket
could be switched to
an 84-tooth version Pressed-steel Horizontal springs
for off-road use swingarm for rear suspension
1966 BTH BOBCAT 105
1966 BTH BOBCAT

The Bobcat was the last in a long line of Harley Brake lever Single mirror
two-strokes produced from 1948. The Model 125
was released that year in response to the need
for an economical bike for the postwar climate
Large-diameter and over the next few years a succession of
twist-grip variants followed, with engine sizes ranging Holiday Red paint
from 125 to 175cc. These included the finish came as standard,
Hummer, Pacer, Scat, Ranger, and Super 10. as did Indigo Metallic;
Sparkling Burgundy was
an optional color
Central speedometer
Steel mudguard
Chrome
156-gallon (7.5-liter) trimmed
fuel tank is hidden headlight
under the fiberglass
bodywork
Monocoque for the future
Though the Bobcat was only
produced for one yearabout 1,150
models rolled out of the factoryits Footrest
Fork slider legacy was the all-in-one body
telescopes into the concept used on the first Super
upper section of Glides a few years later.
the simple forks
18x312-in
(46x9-cm)
tire
Hexagonal
tank badge
Single-
downtube
frame
Brake cable
One of six
mudguard stays
Alloy engine/ 18-in Narrow front

gearbox unit (46-cm) wheel drum brake
1966 Sprint H SPECIFICATIONS

1966 Sprint H
H ARLEY BOUGHT A SHARE IN THE Italian Aermacchi company in

1960 and this Harley-badged Aermacchi 250 joined the range
the following year under the Sprint moniker. It was unlike any other
ENGINE Overhead-valve, single
cylinder
CAPACITY 246cc
POWER OUTPUT 28bhp
Harley-Davidson and wary dealers treated the model with caution. TRANSMISSION Four-speed,
chain drive
The single-cylinder 246cc engine had wet sump lubrication, a FRAME Tubular spine
cylinder positioned almost horizontally, and pushrod-operated SUSPENSION Telescopic front forks,
swingarm rear
valves. Unusually, the crankshaft rotated in the opposite direction WEIGHT 280lb (127kg)
to the wheels. Although the Sprint was a nice enough machine, TOP SPEED 90mph (145km/h) (est.)
it was hard-pressed to keep up with comparable Hondas of the period.
Production of the Italian four-strokes continued until 1974,
Frame brace reinforces
by which time a 350cc model had joined the 250. the critical area between
the swingarm and the Canister
Dual seat suspension top-mounting air filter
Pressed-steel mudguard
is rigidly mounted
to the frame
Circular
taillight
License-
plate
mounting
Alloy
wheel hub
Wet sump
engine case
Low-level exhaust system;
earlier Sprint H models
used a high-level system Right-hand Right-foot
propstand gearshift
1966 SPRINT H 107
1966 SPRINT H
The Sprint H was originally a trail model sold
with a high-level exhaust pipe and mudguard for
this popular section of the American market.
The Sprint was one of
Harleys Italian acquisitions
The Sprint C was the roadster version. But by after it bought into the
the time this bike was produced, a lower pipe and Aermacchi company and
conventional guards were also fitted to the H.

High-level
The Sprint was arguably Harleys most competent was produced for 14 years. handlebars
and successful small bike.
Brake cable Telescopic
fork
Handlebar
grip Elongated
headlight shell
contains the
Hexagonal tank Steering speedometer
badge was damper
introduced
in 1966 Footrest
Front
Chrome brake
trimmed
headlight
Handlebar fashions
While high handlebars were popular
with American buyers, European
Fork gaiter riders preferred a sportier look,
so Sprints which stayed in Europe
came with lower bars.
18-in (46-cm)
wheel with
chrome rim
235-gallon
(9.8-liter)
fuel tank
Rocker
inspection
cover
Horizontal cylinder
finning provided
improved cooling
DellOrto carburetor
with remote float bowl
Camshaft 18x3-in Single leading-

end cover (46x7.6-cm) front tire shoe front brake
1966 M-50 Sport

M OPEDS ALWAYS SOLD WELL IN EUROPE, but were less well suited
to America, with its expanse of wide-open spaces and culture
of long-distance motorcycle touring. Despite this, Harleys Italian
1966 M-50 SPORT
Apparently Aermacchi built 10,500 M-50
Sports in 1966, though not many were
brought to America. Even with a list price
connection resulted in the arrival of a 49cc two-stroke moped with of $225, the ones that did get to the US
didnt sell quickly. Another 15cc was added
a step-through frame and a three-speed gearbox for the 1965 season. in 1967 to create the M-65 Sport, resulting
The addition of a conventional motorcycle fuel tank and a stylish seat in a claimed 62 percent power increase. The
justified the Sport moniker the following year. However, poor sales advertising copy stated that these bikes were
fun for young America at any age, but the
saw Harley drop the M-50 after 1968 and the company never attempted reality was that America was
mopeds again. Which was a relief to many Harley traditionalists. distinctlyunimpressed.
Racing-
style seat
Circular
taillight
Miniscule
DellOrto
carburetor
Steel mudguard
unit and
streamlined rear
light mounting
Brake
actuating
arm
Expansion
17x2-in chamber Tubular
(43x5-cm) tire exhaust spine frame
1966 M-50 SPORT 109
Right-hand Front brake

throttle with large- cable
diameter grip SPECIFICATIONS
1966 M-50 Sport
Pressed-steel,
elongated ENGINE Single cylinder,
headlight shell two-stroke
with chrome trim CAPACITY 49cc
TRANSMISSION Three-speed with
Rubber-mounted twist-grip change
212-gallon (9.5-liter) FRAME Tubular spine
fuel tank
SUSPENSION Telescopic front forks,
swingarm rear
capacity
The M-50 was the smallest-
bike ever to carry the
Harley-Davidson badge, but was
Shroud
surround for really more at home in
telescopic fork Italy than the United States.

Pressed-steel
front
mudguard
Horn Sparkplug Ignition coil
cap
Gear-change cable
connects the left
twist-grip to the
change mechanism
Mudguard
stay
Alloy cylinder head

Three-speed has an integral
gearbox engine mounting Minimalist
point from which the brakes match
engine is connected minimalist Chromed
to the spine frame performance wheel rims
1967 CRTT
T HE BASIC DESIGN OF THIS Italian-built overhead-valve single was
penned by Alfredo Bianchi and was originally based on a 175cc
unit that powered Aermacchis distinctive Chimera road bike. Also
1967 CRTT
The CRTT was only produced for one year,
with just 35 rolling out of the factory. By
1967, the Italian company was pleased with
known as the Ala DOro (Golden Wing), a number of racing the way things were going with its
versions of the bike were produced from 1961, in 250, 350, and 402cc American partner. In 1964, for example,
75-percent of its production was being
formats. Although the layout was the same, the race bikes differed exported to the US for distribution by
from the road-going bikes in many respects. Engine cases were sand- Harley and the range of bikes being
produced was expanding.
cast and incorporated the provision for a dry clutch and crankshaft-
driven magneto ignition.
Exposed rear Quick-release
suspension rubber strap for
springs fuel tank
Aerodynamic
seat unit
Engine
breather pipe
Gear-change
pedal
Megaphone exhaust Ventilation slots

Twin leading- increases power and, as help to keep the
shoe rear brake the name suggests, noise dry clutch cool
1967 CRTT 111
winner,
Though never an international Grand Prix
the CRTT was a successful national
SPECIFICATIONS
1967 CRTT
ENGINE Air-cooled, overhead-valve,
level racerat least until eclipsed by more horizontal single
powerful Japanese two-strokes.
Rev counter

CAPACITY 248cc
TRANSMISSION Five-speed, chain drive
FRAME Tubular spine
Fuel filler-cap Steering damper
swingarm rear
Elongated Rev-counter WEIGHT 245lb (111kg)
fiberglass cable TOP SPEED 115mph (185km/h)
fuel tank
Brake cable
splitting box
Fork gaiter Italian Ceriani telescopic

forks and front brakes were
the best available
components of the period
Brake cable
DellOrto
carburetor
Short-stroke
engine was
an option
Horizontal engine
cooling fins
Magneto cover and other

engine casings are sand-cast
magnesium alloy on these Flanged alloy Twin leading-shoe
Italian-built race bikes wheel rim front drum brake
1975 250SS
I N THE MID-1970S HARLEY RELEASED a range of modern-looking
single-cylinder two-strokes built in Italy at the Aermacchi factory.
These replaced its ageing line-up which included the four-stroke Sprint
1975 250SS
The 250SS and its smaller siblings had
brief production runs as Harley-
Davidsons, but continued under another
(see pp.10607). Offered in both street (SS) and trail (SX) styles, the name after Harley sold Aermacchi in
bikes came in 125 and 175cc variants from 1974, and a 250cc model from 1978. The factory and production rights
1975. The 250 may have looked a neat bike, but once again it couldnt were bought by Cagiva, which went on
to acquire the famous Ducati and MV
match the strong Japanese competition of the time. The SX had some
Agusta marques. This was not before the
success and was produced until 1978, but only 1,417 SSs were sold in company achieved considerable success
1976 and this model was dropped soon after its release. Along with the with the lightweight two-strokes that it
whole Aermacchi subsidiary, which Harley decided to relinquish in 1978. acquired from Harley-Davidson.
Tubular Battery
Streamlined tail- Dual seat cradle frame housing
light mounting
Rear
mudguard
18-in (46-cm)
rear wheel
Snail cam
chain adjusters
allow simple
chain-tension
adjustment
Conical rear hub Rear brake pedal

design gives maximum
strength with Chrome
minimum weight exhaust cover Two-stroke engine
1975 250SS 113
Separate oil tank

Rearview is in the top tube
mirror of the frame SPECIFICATIONS
1975 250SS
Speedometer
and tachometer ENGINE Two-stroke, single-cylinder
CAPACITY 243cc
Clutch lever POWER OUTPUT Unknown
Styling contained a TRANSMISSION Five-speed,
hint of traditional chain drive
Harley, but the result FRAME Tubular cradle
was mainly a clean
1970s lightweight look SUSPENSION Telescopic front forks,
swingarm rear
Fuel filler-cap for TOP SPEED 85mph (137km/h)
245-gallon (10.6-
liter) fuel tank
Headlight
switch
toTheupdate250SSits Sprint
was Harleys attempt
range but was
a commercial failure due to the
high quality of contemporary
Betor
front fork
Japanese bikes of the same size.

19-in (48-cm)
front wheel
Brake cable
Safety
reflector
Exhaust
retaining
spring
Speedo
cable
DellOrto
carburetor
513-in (13.5-cm) leading-

Five-speed shoe drum brake; later Chromed
gearbox models had disc brakes steel rim
1976 RR250 SPECIFICATIONS

1976 RR250
M OST TRADITIONAL HARLEY riders may not realize that the

company won a string of World Championships in the mid-
1970s, and if they do they probably dont really care. The bikes

ENGINE Two-stroke twin-cylinder
CAPACITY 246cc
POWER OUTPUT 53bhp
TRANSMISSION Six-speed, chain drive
that gave Harley the titles were as far removed from the traditional FRAME Tubular cradle
V-twin as its possible to get. These high-revving two-stroke twins swingarm rear
weredeveloped in Italy to take on the Japanese manufacturers in WEIGHT 240lb (109kg)
international road-racing championships. Ridden by Italian ace Walter TOP SPEED 140mph (225km/h)
Villa, the twins won three straight 250cc World Championships in

1975, 1976, and 1977, and a 350cc version also took that title in 1977.
Knee cutout
Aerodynamic Molded racing seat
seat hump
Ignition coil
Rear shock-
absorber mounting
Rear shock-
absorber
Box section
swingarm
Fuel tap
Tubular
cradle frame
Twin leading-shoe Eccentric swingarm Right-foot gear-

rear drum brake is mountings provide change with Exposed
cable-operated chain adjustment reversed lever dry clutch
1976 RR250 115
Bare essentials
1976 RR250 Racing machines have minimal
The RR250 was a production version of the bike instrumentation, allowing
that won four World Championships for Villa. The Water the rider to concentrate
two-stroke twin dominated racing in the 125, 250, temperature on the job in hand, and the
and 350cc classes at that time, though in most gauge RR250 is no exception. The
cases the bikes had a Yamaha sticker. When large, white-faced rev-counter
Kawasaki developed its disc-valve racers in the late gives all the information needed to
time gear-changes to perfection.
1970s, however, the RR250 was soon outclassed. Rev-counter
mounting isolates
the instrument
Large-capacity fuel tank; from vibration Rear shock
two-stroke racers are not absorber
noted for their economy
Fuel filler-cap Racing

handlebars
Footrest
Exhaust
pipe
Fairing
support Road-racing
bracket grooves in tire
Ceriani
telescopic fork Lightweight
mudguard
Borrani alloy
wheel rims
are flanged for
extra strength
Large-
capacity
radiator
Water-cooled
cylinder jacket
Expansion chamber exhaust

pipe allows the two-stroke
engine to realize its full power
18-in (46-cm)
Water-pump casing also Scarab front Dunlop racing
conceals the tachometer drive brake caliper tire
CHAPTER SIX
S PORTSTERS 19522010
1972 XRTT RACER
The Harley-Davidson Sportster

is the motorcycle in its purest formjust a
handsome V-twin engine, a minimalist chassis,
wheels, handlebars, and a fuel tank. It represents
the true experience of motorcycling, a visceral
embodiment of the things that make us love
motorcycles. The Sportster is the longest-
running production motorcycle in the world,
having been around since 1957. In that time it
has been uprated and improved without altering
the essential ingredients that make it what it is.
RACING PEDIGREE
Harley Sportsters have been winning races ever since
their introduction, with bikes ranging from the KRTT to the
XR750 taking the honors on tracks all over the world.
1952 Model K Rubber-mounted

buckhorn style
handlebars
I N THE EARLY 1950S American motorcylists wanted more

from their motorcycles. They were buying faster, better
handling and better looking British imports rather than
Single
mirror
Ignition and
Harleys traditional 45cu. in. V-twins. In 1952 Harley hit light-switch
back with the K model, its first significant new machine mounting
since the Knucklehead of 1936 (see pp.7879).

While the bike incorporated several novel
features on a 45cu. in. side-valve block, it still
could not match the performance of the smaller-
capacity British machines. Increasing capacity
to 54cu. in. on the KH in 1954 helped, but
there was only so much that could be done with
the side-valve layout. The solution came in the
form of the OHV XL Sportster (see pp.12021).
Hydraulically damped Large-diameter

telescopic forks with headlight with
chrome shrouds chrome shell
Painted steel
mudguard
1952 MODEL K
Innovations on the K included an engine
and gearbox as one unit, swingarm rear
suspension on the cradle frame, and
8-in (20-cm) telescopic forks. The British style of hand
diameter clutch and right foot-shift replaced Harleys
drum brake usual foot clutch and hand gear-change.
1952 MODEL K 119
Brake lever Clutch

SPECIFICATIONS now mounted operated by
1952 Model K on the right lever on
handlebar

chain drive
Sportster
The forerunner of Harleys
series, the Model K Panniers came as
part of a Harley
FRAME Tubular cradle was nevertheless an accessory group

swingarm rear
underpowered bike.
for the Model K
TOP SPEED 85mph

(136km/h) (est.) Crash bar was an
optional fitting Air horn
412-gallon Battery case with access Classic Harley design

(20.5-liter) door; the oil tank is on While the K model was not in itself a
fuel tank Cast-alloy the other side Saddle incorporates great success, its styling has been used on
cylinder head sprung seat-post despite Harley-Davidsons ever since; note the
the bike also having striking visual similarities between this
swingarm rear suspension bike and the 1999 model 1200 Sportster
(see pp.13435).
Swingarm rear Taillight

suspension
Rear brake Passenger

pedal footrest
19-in (48-cm) wheel is

Alloy primary higher and narrower than Cast-iron rear
drive case on previous models drum brake
1957 XL SPECIFICATIONS
1957 XL
H ARLEY FINALLY FITTED OVERHEAD cylinder heads to its smaller V-

twin in 1957 to create the Sportster, a model that was to become
one of the longest surviving production motorcycles in the world. The

TRANSMISSION Four-speed, chain drive
Sportster combined the good looks of the earlier K (see pp.11819) FRAME Tubular cradle
and KH models with enough power to match the performance of swingarm rear
contemporary imported bikes. Although capacity remained at 54cu. in., WEIGHT 463lb (210kg)
the same as for the KH, the larger bore and shorter stroke resulted in TOP SPEED 92mph (148km/h) (est.)
increased horsepower. It meant that American buyers could now invest

in a domestic product without suffering the indignity of being blown
1957 XL
away by their Triumph- and BSA-mounted friends. As with the bigger When the Sportster was introduced it
twins, the factory offered a variety of accessories including the was intended for touring riders as well
windshields, racks, panniers, crash bars, and spotlights fitted to this 1957 as those for whom performance was
important. As a result, panniers and racks
model. Other owners went the opposite way and stripped superfluous were included as factory extras, to allow
parts off their machines to improve both looks and performance. Sportster riders to dress up their bikes.
Optional panniers and luggage Sprung saddle Tank holds 34 gallon 425-gallon (16.6-liter) fuel
rack were available for those who (2.8 liters) of oil tank with two-tone finish
The license plate wanted to tour on their Sportster
mounted above the
rear light remains a
Harley feature
Circular
taillight
18-in
(46-cm) wheel
Bicycle-style pedal
Two-into-one exhaust on kick-start
system exits through a Four-speed
simple muffler Swingarm rear suspension gearbox
1957 XL 121
The Sportster look

Windshield was a The classic Sportster look developed from these
Harley-Davidson early models when an optional 214-gallon
optional extra (8.5-liter) peanut fuel tank was introduced
Rearview on XLC Sportsters in 1958. Once that was
mirror in place, the look remained the
same up to this present day.
Blue-tinted lower
windshield section
Sportster,
The XL was the first true Harley
with overhead-valves
providing the power and revised
styling providing the looks to compete
with the British competition.

Speedometer is
Round plastic mounted in the
tank emblem was metal fork shroud
only used in 1957
Additional
passing light
When the Sportster range

was expanded in 1958, the
XLC featured cut-down
mudguards and no lights
Optional
crash bar
Trumpet
horn
Chromed
spokes and
wheel rims
Ribbed
front tire
Two-into-one Iron cylinder

exhaust system head and barrel; Single, leading-
alloy heads were shoe drum brake
British-style not fitted until engaged by lever
right footshift the 1980s on right handlebar
1961 KRTT Rev-counter Large fuel

tank for long-
distance races
A LONG WITH THE INTRODUCTION of the new K-series road

bike in 1952 (see pp.11819) Harley-Davidson also
released a racing version, designated the KR. The bikes
engine had all the tweaks you would expect in a competition
power unit, while looking externally similar to the K.
There were big valves, racing cams, and new bearings,
as well as reshaped ports and a revised cylinder
head. Riders like Brad Andres, Joe Leonard,
Carroll Resweber, George Roeder, and Roger
Reiman achieved many wins on the side-valve
KR racers in the 1950s and 1960s. Because of
the variety of track surfaces and conditions
found in American racing, both sprung and
rigid versions of the KRs frame were produced.
Telescopic forks are based on

Alloy wheel rim is those used on the road-going
lighter and stronger Sportster and K-series machines
than the usual
steel examples
Clip-on
handlebar
is used on
long straights
to reduce drag
Magneto
Tubular
frame
cradle
1961 KRTT
The basic KR was intended for dirt-track racing
and so did not come equipped with brakes or
suspension. This TT version had both and was
ridden to victory at Daytona in 1961 by Roger
Ventilated Reiman at the first 200-mile (322-km) race to
brake drum be held at the new banked oval track.
1961 KRTT 123
Side-valve success
Wide bars for While the standard road-going SPECIFICATIONS
dirt-track racing K-series was discontinued for 1961 KRTT
1957, the racing KRs had
continued success with this engine ENGINE Side-valve, V-twin
Number 55 was layout until the late 1960s. CAPACITY 45cu. in. (750cc)
Roger Reimans POWER OUTPUT 50bhp
race number at TRANSMISSION Four-speed,
Daytona in 1961 chain drive
Air filter
rear swingarm
Tank breather-pipe
Simple saddle is still

ofDespite the limitations
the side-valve layout,
sprung despite the rear the KR racers continued

suspension now fitted Harleys tradition of
to Harley bikes
success on the race track.
Race number plate
Cut-down alloy
mudguard
Brake pedal has been

drilled to reduce the Mudguard
bikes weight support
Pressed-steel Tire is screwed to the Block tread

primary drive cover rim for added security race tire
1972 XRTT SPECIFICATIONS

1972 XRTT
R OAD-RACING WAS A RARITY IN America in the 1960s. Most racing

action was on the dirt tracks for which the XR and KR models
were conceived, but Harley decided to build a road-race version of the

XR. Unlike the flat-track bike, it was fitted with a front brake and a chain drive
large-diameter four-leading shoe drum, which was combined with a SUSPENSION Telescopic front forks,
rear disc as on the dirt bike. Most machines had the disc-drum swingarm rear
combination the other way around. Although the XRTT was a useful TOP SPEED 130mph
machine, its success was in the most part due to its most famous rider, (209km/h) (est.)
Cal Rayborn, who often beat machines of greater power on this XRTT.
Aerodynamic Special frame Knee cutout
seat hump allows lower allows aerodynamic
reduces drag seat height riding position
Oil tank
is under
riders seat
Rear disc brake

as used on
flat-track bike
Reversed gearshift has upside-

down pattern change, with
up for down and down for up
18-in (46-cm) rear Carburetors run Short racing exhaust is positioned

wheel with lightweight without air cleaners high on the bike to improve
flanged alloy rim to increase power cornering clearance
1972 XRTT 125
1972 XRTT Classic chassis

The XRTT chassis was derived
Differences on the TT models from the dirt- from that used earlier on the
track bikes included a modified frame, a larger Bikini fairing K-series road racers (see
capacity fuel tank, and an aerodynamic seat and pp.12223). These frames
fairing. Despite Cal Rayborns notable efforts, continued to give service
these road-race versions of the XR did not have until the early 1980s, when they
as much success as the Polished alloy were used on Harleys Battle
fork yoke of the Twins racer.
dirt-track models.
Riders chin-rest pad

Aerodynamic
Centrally mounted front fairing
rev-counter is the
bikes only instrument
Exhaust
from rear
cylinder
Underslung
rear brake
caliper
Front
cylinder
Brake cable exhaust
pipe
Ribbed pattern
racing tire
Clip-on handlebars
clamp directly onto
the fork leg
Cerani four leading-

Fairing painted in shoe drum brake with Tire is screwed
Harley-Davidson huge ventilation to the rim for
racing colors slots to aid cooling added security
1978 XLCR SPECIFICATIONS

1978 XLCR
I N 1977 HARLEY INTRODUCED a new variation of the Sportster. The

XLCRit cant have been an accident that it sounded like excelsior
was designed by Willie G. Davidson, and the CR stood for caf racer.

POWER OUTPUT 55bhp
Harleys model was a blend of 1960s caf racera name given to stripped, chain drive
road-going hot rods used for blasting from bar to bar with some of the SUSPENSION Telescopic front
styling cues of the XR flat-track racers. The frame and the exhaust pipes forks, box-section swingarm rear
were new and would be used on the rest of the Sportster range the following TOP SPEED 105mph (169km/h)
year, but the engine was a stock XL1000. The really important stuff was
the bodywork and the black finish. The XLCR looked great, but never sold
in the numbers that were hoped for and was dropped after only two years. 4-gallon
Battery (15-liter)
Triangulated frame Solo seat; a dual housing fuel tank
Fiberglass section derived seat was also cover
tailpiece/ from the XR750 available in 1978
mudguard
Rear drive
sprocket
Brake pedal
Rear shock Rear-set Redesigned rear frame allows

absorber footrest and the oil tank (on other side of
mounting placed brake pedal linkage the battery) to be tucked in
close to axle
1978 XLCR 127
1978 XLCR A funked-up XL

One of the reasons behind the bikes Tinted Differences from the stock XL on which
windshield it was based included positioning the
failure was that there was not enough seat further backward and lowering the
stock to meet demand that had height of the handlebars. The rear
beengenerated by the prerelease section of the frame was derived from
publicity. Now, however, the small that used on the XR750 dirt-track bikes
amount of numbers produced (see pp.12829).
about 3,200means that this is Sculpted
something of a collectors item. Drag-style fuel tank
straight
handlebars
Bar and shield
logo first
Rear shock
used in 1910
absorber
Headlight
contained
in fairing
Fold-up
Bikini footrest
fairing
Chromed 18-in (46-cm)

suspension rear wheel
shroud
Shortened
racing
mudguard
Oil cooler
Wrinkle
finish black
engine paint
Speedometer
cable
Exhaust
retaining
Siamese clamp Morris 19-in
twin exhaust (48-cm) seven- Kelsey-Hayes
system spoke alloy wheel twin front
disc brakes
1980 XR750 SPECIFICATIONS

1980 XR750
T HE HARLEY-DAVIDSON XR750 is the most successful competition

bike ever produced, though for many its more famous as the bike
that jump hero Evel Knievel used for his stunts. The early bikes were

CAPACITY 45cu. in (748cc)
introduced in 1970 with iron barrels and heads that failed miserably, chain drive
so a revised alloy engined version of the bike was introduced two SUSPENSION Telescopic front forks,
years later. For the first time on a production Harley V-twin, the rear swingarm rear
cylinder had a forward-facing exhaust and rear-facing inlet port. The TOP SPEED 115mph (185km/h) (est.)
bike won the AMA Grand National Championship in its first year
and, upgraded and improved over time, it is still winning races
more than a quarter of a century later. Alloy oil tank 212-gallon (9.5-liter)
is retained tank holds just enough
with springs fuel to last a race
Lightweight
fiberglass
mudguard
and seat base
Rear shock-
absorber
Large air filter

prevents dust from
entering the engine
Alloy drive sprocket Gear-change lever is

Dirt-track can be easily changed seldom used once
racing tire to alter the gearing races are underway
1980 XR750 129
Spot the difference Large racing seat

Wide handlebars The first XR750 was a comparative failure.
provide extra This bike is one of the iron-engined machines
leverage produced from 197071 that used the same
Fuel Harley layout of carbs and
filler-cap exhaust on the same side.
High ground clearance

is essential for all dirt-
track bikes
Steering
lock stop
racing
The XR750 is a Harley-Davidson
classic, made famous by the
exploits of Evel Knievel and acknowledged
as one of the best dirt-track race
Lightweight
telescopic
fork
bikes ever produced.

Standard Harley Alloy
frame was replaced by wheel rim
most tuners seeking a
performance edge
Alloy
cylinder
and head
Fins on the
cylinder barrel
help to disperse heat
1980 XR750
Compare the engine to that of a Sportster
(see pp.12627) and the origins of the bottom half
are obvious. However, the all-alloy top end, with rear
racing carburetors, was unique. The crankshaft was Lightweight
different too and the 750cc capacity was achieved with front hub
a bore of 3.125 inches and a stroke of 2.98 inches. with no brake
1984 XR1000 SPECIFICATIONS

1984 XR1000
I T SEEMED OBVIOUS. Harleys XR750 (see pp.12829) was cleaning up

in dirt-track racing, so why not offer a limited run of road-going
examples? In 1983 Harley produced the XR1000. They put the alloy
6,000rpm
heads and twin DellOrto carburetors from the XR750 onto the bottom TRANSMISSION Four-speed, chain drive
half of an XL1000 engine. The engine itself was put into a standard SUSPENSION Telescopic front forks,
XLX chassis. The result was an engine that put out 10 percent more swingarm rear
WEIGHT 470lb (213kg) (est.)
power than the stock Sportster in standard trim, though many owners TOP SPEED 120mph
tuned the bike even more. The result was the fastest production bike (193km/h) (est.)
Harley ever made, but buyers were not impressedit looked almost
identical to the cheapest bike in the line while costing a great deal
more. The XR1000 didnt sell, but the bike is now a collectors piece. Non-standard Classic Sportster fuel
Corbin seat; the XR tank holds 214
was supplied with a gallons (8.3 liters)
Alloy mudguard Oil tank solo saddle only
support
Rear light
Passenger Air filter

footrest
16-in (41-cm)
nine-spoke Box section Rear brake
alloy rear wheel steel swingarm master cylinder
1984 XR1000 131
Front brake Race success

Rearview master cylinder Speedometer In 1984, Gene Church won the Battle
mirror and rev-counter of the Twins race at Daytona on a
heavily tuned 112bhp XR1000,
retaining his title for the next two years.
Headlight
Low eyebrow
handlebars
High-level exhaust pipes

mounted on the left-hand side
Successes on the race track brought

the XRs potential to the publics
Telescopic attention, to the point where

front fork
it is now seen as a classic Harley.
Though this model is painted Slim mudguard and other

slate-gray, Harleys orange and components taken from
black racing livery was optional the base XLX model
for 1984
19-in (48-cm)
nine-spoke alloy
Cast-iron front wheel
cylinders are
topped by
alloy heads
Safety
reflector
Generator
mounting
New brake
caliper design
1984 XR1000
There was massive initial interest in the XR1000,
but speed-hungry buyers expecting a new breed of
Harley were disappointed. Only the few who
bought the $1,000 bhp-doubling tuning kit saw
10-in
the bikes real potential. Some people maintain (25-cm) front
that the XR1000 is the best bike Harley ever built. brake discs
1987 XLH883 SPECIFICATIONS

1987 XLH883
H ARLEY NEEDED HELP in the mid-1980s. It wanted to lure new

customers who would resist the suspect reliability and high
maintenance of a traditional Harley, but would still want the image. In
ENGINE Overhead-valve,
V-twin
7,000rpm
addition, the company was required to meet strict new emission and TRANSMISSION Five-speed,
noise laws. The end result was the Evo Sportster. It looked chain drive
and sounded (once youd taken the baffles out of the mufflers) just
like an old Sportster, the difference being that the all-new engine swingarm rear
was cheap and reliable. Introduced for 1986, the XLH had an 883cc WEIGHT 470lb (213kg)
block with alloy barrels and heads. Larger 1100cc and 1200cc units
followed soon after, as did belt final-drive and a five-speed box.
A competitively low price tag on this base model helped attract a
whole new group of buyers who wanted to sample the Harley legend. Aftermarket seat
License plate Oil tank for dry sump Alloy rocker

mounted above lubrication system cover
the rear light
Rear
light
1987 XLH883
16-in (41-cm) The XLH helped pull Harley-Davidson out
rear wheel
of trouble at a time when it was losing vast
amounts of money. Its combination of quiet
Dual exhaust system Evolution engine, reliability, classic design,
with twin mufflers and cheap price made it an immediate success.
1987 XLH883 133
Rearview mirror No fancy details on Wide-bladed

the instrument dial, control lever
just a speedometer
Traditional
Sportster
handlebars
The 883cc engine Clean lines
capacity was a return to As well as the impressive
the Sportsters original new engine, the bikes
212-gallon 1957 engine size simplicity was one of its
(10-liter) main selling points. The
peanut single instrument dial, plain
fuel tank paint job, and small tank
all made for a neat-looking
machine that found favor
Braced with tens of thousands of
steering new Harley buyers.
head
Alloy fork
slider Narrow build and low
seat height made the
Sportster appealing to
Throttle cable novice riders
Safety
reflector
Single 1112-in
(29-cm) front
disc brake
New federal noise

regulations were
satisfied by adding a
balance tube between
the twin exhaust pipes
The large ham can air filter was This model has traditional
first introduced on the Sportster wire wheels, but cast
in 1966 and still gets in the way spoked wheels were offered Chrome
of the riders right leg as an optional extra wheel rim
1999 XL1200S
T HOUGH THE SPORTSTER engine has been through various guises
and capacities over the years, it has always remained true to its
original layout. In a sense, the XL1200S harks back to the XLCH
1999 XL1200S
When the 1200 Sport was originally
released in 1996, it was the first road-
going Harley to feature adjustable sporting
Sportster of the late 1950s and early 1960s, a bare-boned bike intended suspension. Other additions such as the
for fast fun. A 1200cc version of the alloy Evolution engine (see 13-spoke wheels and twin-plug heads
turned this into Harley-Davidsons most
pp.14445) was introduced in 1988, and 11 years later it has received adventurous model. Three years on, the
only detail changes. The Sportster Sport has upgraded suspension and minimalist 1999 bike is arguably the most
improved power output over the basic model to justify its S designation. stylish and competent Sportster that
Harley has ever made.
In addition, the engine is equipped with twin-plug heads and has
increased compression and revised camshafts in comparison with the
313-gallon (12.5-liter)
base model. Theres no doubt that the XL1200S is a true return to form. fuel tank larger than
on previous Sportsters
Gas reservoir rear shock
absorber is adjustable for Low profile seat
pre-load and damping
Oil tank filler-cap
Taillight
16-in
(41-cm)
spoked alloy
rear wheel
Large-
diameter
sports
muffler
Brake master
Belt drive-pulley; cylinder
belt final drive has
been used on Dual exhaust Five-speed
Belt drive pulley Sportsters since 1991 system gearbox
1999 XL1200S 135
Rearview mirror
SPECIFICATIONS
1999 XL1200S
Twin
instrument ENGINE Overhead-valve, V-twin
dials CAPACITY 73cu. in. (1200cc)
V tank graphic POWER OUTPUT 69bhp
detail harks TRANSMISSION Five-speed,
back to the belt drive
early 1960s Headlight
peak
SUSPENSION Adjustable telescopic
front forks, swingarm rear with
gas shocks
Head shock WEIGHT 692lb (314kg)
Ignition lock Thetradition

XL1200S continues Harleys
of innovation in its
Sportster range by incorporating
twin plugs in its cylinder
heads and a fully adjustable
Adjustable
front fork
suspension system.

Pressed-steel
mudguard
Cylinder head
incorporates
twin-spark
plug ignition
system
Dual-piston
brake caliper
19-in
(48-cm) tire
Engine
mounting Exhaust 13-spoke Drilled brake
point downtube alloy wheel discs
2003 XL883R
H ARLEYS LONG HISTORY OF flat-track racing success has never
been a rich seam of inspiration for production models. The
XLCR (see pp.12627) and XR1000 (see pp.13031) were both
2003 XL883R
The six-model Sportster range is derived
from one frame, two engines, a couple
of different fuel tanks, and a variety of
influenced by the all-conquering XR750 (see pp.12829), but neither handlebar shapes and color schemes. Yet
was a commercial success. In 2002 the factory tried again with the the different models can feel markedly
different. The 883 is seen as an entry-
883R. The new model was little more than a pared-down version of the level model, but the racetrack credibility
base model Sportster fitted with black cowhorn handlebars and a two- of the orange and black liveryit is
into-one exhaust. Despite the limited modifications, it was an inspired inspired by factory racershelps make
the R version attractive to flat-track fans.
addition to the range. Compared to many modern machines, the
883Rs handling is unrefined, but it is a hugely involving bike to ride in
313-gallon (12.5-liter) fuel tank
town, or on country roads where its limited performance isnt an issue. allows an uninterrupted ride of
over 150 miles (240 km).
Single rear shock
absorber is adjustable
for preload only Stepped dual seat provides
a level of back support
Taillight
16-in
(41-cm) rear
wheel
Drive belt
pulley
Oil filler-cap
Large-
diameter Satin black Curved two-into-
sports silencer oil tank one exhaust system
2003 XL883R 137
Short-stem rear- SPECIFICATIONS

Fuel view mirror 2003 XL883R
filler-cap
Centrally mounted ENGINE Overhead-valve, V-twin
speedometer CAPACITY 54cu. in. (883cc)
TRANSMISSION Five-speed,
belt drive
Bullet-style swingarm rear
indicator WEIGHT 540lb (245kg) (dry, claimed)
29.6 steering
head
In a world bored by retro-kitsch,
this is the real dealnot some new-
VW Beetle pastiche of an old design.
Fork shroud
This is a new design.

Safety reflector
Four-piston front
brake caliper
Air filter
Chromed exhaust 19-in (48-cm) Twin drilled

downtube front wheel 1112-in (29-cm)
brake discs
2010 XR1200X SPECIFICATIONS

2010 XR1200X
H ARLEYS
XR750 is an iconic race bike that has dominated
American dirt track racing since 1972. However, Harley were
never able to effectively translate the image of the XR to a road bike.

CAPACITY 1250cc
TRANSMISSION Five-speed, belt drive
They attempted this in 2008 when the XR1200, a more aggressive FRAME Tubular cradle
SUSPENSION Telescopic fork front,
version of the Sportster, was introduced. The new bike was originally swingarm rear
intended for European markets, though it was subsequently sold in WEIGHT 412lb (187kg)
America too. Based on the 1200 Sportster, the XR1200 featured a TOP SPEED 125mph (201km/h)
tuned engine, uprated suspension, improved brakes, and sports tires.

Rack and Seat echos styling
backrest are of XR750 Oil-cooled
factory options cylinder heads
Oil tank
Rear suspension
units have
adjustable damping
Twin exhausts
echo styling of
XR750 racers
17-inch (43-cm) Raised footrests

rear wheel Alloy swingarms give improved
cornering
clearance
2010 XR1200X 139
Mirrors have XR1200X

unobtrusive For 2010 an X was added to the model number of the
black finish XR1200. The bike was fitted with better quality suspension
and offered with a black paint finish. Showa multi-
adjustable suspension featured remote reservoir piggy
back shock absorbers and upside down forks
for greater chassis rigidity.
Analog revcounter is
3-gallon (13.25- centrally mounted, with
liter) fuel tank smaller digital speedo to
one side
In the Sportsters half century of

history, the fastest and best-handling
version of the model that Harley ever
built was the XR1200.

Showa
forks
Twin disc
brakes are
fitted
Vibration-
isolating front
engine mounting
Two-into-one- 18-inch
into-two exhaust Four-piston front (46-cm)
system brake calliper front wheel
CHAPTER SEVEN
RECENT BIG-TWINS 19842010
1999 FAT BOY
In the last quarter of the 20th century,

motorcycle designers were faced with a problem.
How do you meet strict new noise and emissions
regulations without hindering performance?
In addition, Harley-Davidson needed to appeal to
buyers who liked the idea of a bike that looked as
though it was designed three decades earlier, but
performed like a modern machine. The solution
was the 1984 Evolution and the 1998 Twin Cam.
NEW LEASE OF LIFE
Harleys new improved engines may have looked like the old
ones, but they came with increased power and, more
importantly to enthusiasts, improved reliability.
1988 FLHS Electra Glide

T HE FLHS WAS A NEW DERIVATIVE of the classic Electra Glide
introduced in 1987. At the heart of the bike was the 80cu. in.
Evolution engine and five-speed transmission that was first released
1988 FLHS ELECTRA GLIDE
The FLHS designation had been around
for a few years, with the first example
introduced for 1977 as a one-year-only
in 1984. Also present on the bike was belt final-drive, which became limited edition model. Harley then decided
to withdraw a sport edition of the Electra
common on Harleys from 1985. The FLHS was a return to the Glide for three years before returning as the
traditions of the earliest Electra Glides and was sold with no top box 1980 FLHS. This was carried through until
and a removable windshield. Though the Sport tag might have been the end of the Shovelhead engine in 1984
and a break of a couple of years ensued
stretching a point, the trimmed-down model certainly felt more agile before the FLHS returned as a sport version
than the fully encumbered standard of the new Evolution Electra Glide in 1987.
version. It also had the advantage
Passenger backrest
of being considerably cheaper. for added comfort
during long trips
Heavily padded
riders seat
License plate is Passenger
mounted above grab rail
the rear light in Oil tank
traditional Harley- Luggage rack
Davidson style
Large-capacity
lockable fiberglass
panniers have
lift-up lids
Circular
taillight
Safety
reflector
Large
muffler Single rear
disc brake
16-in (41-cm)
10-spoke cast- Split exhaust system
alloy wheel feeds mufflers on each Gearbox as a
side of the machine separate unit
1988 FLHS ELECTRA GLIDE 143
Detachable windshield SPECIFICATIONS

is one of the elements 1988 FLHS Electra Glide
that makes this a
Rearview mirror Sport version ENGINE Overhead-valve, V-twin
7,200rpm
Brake fluid belt drive
reservoir FRAME Tubular cradle
Chrome
headlight
twin rear shocks, swingarm rear
nacelle
Rubber WEIGHT 692lb (314kg)
handlebar TOP SPEED 100mph (161km/h)
grip
Bar and shield

tank logo
The Electra Glide is the
most enigmatic of all Harley-
5-gallon
(19-liter)
Davidsons, the king of touring
fuel tank bikes and the undisputed
leader of the pack.
Fog lamp

Self-canceling turn
signals were new for 1988
Pressed-
steel front
mudguard
Crash bar
Dual front
Evolution Air filter disc brakes
cylinders Alloy fork
Footboard 18-in (46-cm) tire slider
The Evolution
NE MILLION CUSTOMERS cant be wrong. That is how many Evolution
O engines were built in its 15 years of production from 1984 to 1999.
The engine followed the traditional Harley format of a 45 air-cooled
V-twin with two overhead valves per cylinder, but it was more reliable
and more efficient than its predecessor, the venerable Shovelhead. The
Evolution gave Harley the chance to get on with developing new bikes
and new markets without having to worry about the engine. While the FLHS Electra Glide
The Evolution was used to power an increasingly
standard engine produced a restrained 69bhp, many owners were happy
broad range of machines that covered everything from

to make the bike noisier and more powerful. this traditional Electra Glide to the FLSTF Fat Boy.
Cylinders have Circular Air filter Three-piece alloy

a 3.5 x 4.25in air filter mounting bolt rocker cover conceals
bore and stroke hydraulic tappets
Carburetor
Alloy cylinders
ran more coolly
Exhaust port than the
with studs Shovelheads iron
for exhaust ones and so were
pipe fitting more efficient
Oil pump is in the Polished pushrod tubes are
traditional used to return oil from the
position at the rear head to the crankcase; oil is
of the timing case forced up to the heads through
the pushrods themselves
Camshaft is
mounted Hydraulic tappets are
beneath the situated in the blocks at the
center of the V base of the pushrod tubes
The alternator cover INSIDE THE EVOLUTION

also hides the trigger for The Evolution part of the engine
the electronic ignition
was really in the new cylinders,
heads, ignition, and carburation
systems, which were attached to a
lower end based on the last of the
This was the engine Shovelheads. Alloy cylinders,

that secured Harleys future. improved combustion-chamber
It killed the poor reputation shape, and flat-topped pistons
made the Evo run more coolly and
that had developed during more efficiently than the Shovel.
the difficult AMF years. An improved carburetor and a
new V-Fire III electronic
John Warr
(Harley Dealer)
ignition system also helped.
The Competition
1987 HONDA GL1500 GOLDWING
In the six-cylinder GoldWing, Honda had a fierce Crankshaft and
competitor to Harleys Evo bikes. More so as the Wing bottom end are
was made in Ohio and wore its Made in America the same as on
badge almost as proudly as the Milwaukee machines. the Shovelhead
Overnight the Evolution motor

transformed Harleys fortunes.
It came at just the right time,
worked faultlessly, and really
saved the Hogs bacon. A high-quality touring bike
The Evolution arrived on the scene at a time when touring was
John Warr
(Harley Dealer) a well-established part of motorcycle culture. Increased reliability,
more miles to the gallon, and reduced weight over the Shovelhead
meant the Evo was an ideal power plant for all types of touring.
THE EVOLUTION 145

THE EVOLUTION ERA _ 1984 TO 1999 1900S 1910S 1920S 1930S 1940S 1950S 1960S 1970S 1980S 1990S 2000S
1989 FLTC Tour Glide SPECIFICATIONS

1989 FLTC Tour Glide
B Y CONTRAST WITH THE trimmed-down FLHS (see pp.14243), the

FLTC represented the fully loaded end of the Electra Glide line.
Harley understood that it could offer a variety of models based on similar
7,200 rpm
ingredients to suit the needs of all its customers, and in the case of the TRANSMISSION Five-speed,
belt drive
FLTCfirst introduced for the 1984 model yearthe need was for FRAME Tubular cradle
complete luxury. The fairing has twin headlamps and is frame-mounted SUSPENSION Telescopic front forks,
swingarm rear
to improve the bikes handling. The special two-tone paint finish WEIGHT 732lb (332kg)
was used on the Classic (FLTC) model, but there TOP SPEED 110mph (177km/h) (est.)
was also a slightly cheaper FLT version with a
single-color paint finish. Passenger armrest
Top box adds to the

already expansive
luggage capacity
Massive twin
headlights allow
safe night riding
Additional
side
reflectors
Self-
canceling
Footboard indicator
Muffler Oil tank

Sidecar companion
The FLTC was an ideal bike for a sidecar
and buyers could order one from Harley. White striping
Numbers were never high, however, with Rear disc on 18-in
15 produced in 1989 out of a total FLTC brake (46-cm) tire
production figure of 603.
1989 FLTC TOUR GLIDE 147
Smoked windshield
creates a calm pocket of
air for a relaxed ride lineTheElectra
FLTC was the top-of-the-
Glide, and included
features such as a 40-watt music
40-watt stereo
system; a CB radio system, twin headlights, and all the
came with the
Ultra package
luggage space you could want.

Handlebar-mounted 1989 FLTC TOUR GLIDE CLASSIC
controls can adjust The Tour Glide Classic was based on the
the stereo volume
FLT, which first appeared in 1980. This
significant new model had a revised
frame which incorporated a vibration-
Rocker cover badge isolated engine and a box-section
The sentiment expressed on this replacement
for the standard air filterand also inscribed
spine, these features being
on the passenger footboardis typical of the adopted by all Electra Glides
die-hard Harley-Davidson fanatic. from the mid-1980s. The
FLTC weighed over half a
ton when carrying two
riders and a full load.
Two-tone
paint finish
Deep-cushioned,
solidly mounted Fiberglass fairing
seat mounted to the frame
rather than the forks
to improve stability
Highway peg mounted

on safety bar where
rider can rest feet Safety
reflector
Folded-up Two-into- Five-speed Old-style Chrome

passenger one exhaust gearbox footboards add mudguard
footboard system to rider comfort trim Ten-spoke
alloy wheel
1989 FXR Super Glide

H ARLEYS SUPER GLIDE WAS revised in 1982 with the introduction
of the FXR, the base model in an expanded line of Super Glide-
derived bikes. The FXR got an 80cu. in. engine, a new frame, and
1989 FXR SUPER GLIDE
Harley offered a range of factory-equipped
optional extras for the FXR that included
twin front disc-brakes, a solo seat, Sportster
many other changes, but it vanished in 1984 when the new Evolution fuel tanks, and spoked wheels. A tuning kit
engine appeared. It re-emerged in 1986 in a similar guise and was also available that boosted power
continued until 1994, when the Dyna-framed Super Glide (see output to over 80bhp. However, this
example has been given a number of
pp.15455) replaced it. Though the bike has been modified over the
non-factory extras by its owner; note
years, the original Super Glide concept of a big-twin engine in a the handlebar tassles, the slash-cut
cruiser/custom chassis has remained constant. A good idea is timeless. mufflers, the windshield, and the panniers.
Passenger
backrest
King and
queen seat
ofTheHarleys
FXR was a continuation
successful Super
Glide theme of placing the
Nonstandard biggest V-twin engine of

Non-standard pannier
back rack and the line in a cruiser chassis.
sissy bar
Low, well-
padded saddle
Taillight
Rear
mudguard
16-in (41-cm)
rear wheel
The exhaust system

was based on that Belt final-drive was
used on the Sportster Rear disc added to the Super Five-speed
(see pp.13233) brake Glide in 1987 gearbox
1989 FXR SUPER GLIDE 149
Removable SPECIFICATIONS
Brake master windshield was not 1989 FXR Super Glide
cylinder a standard feature
on the FXR ENGINE Overhead-valve, V-twin
Buckhorn POWER OUTPUT 58bhp @ 7,200rpm
handlebars TRANSMISSION Five-speed,
belt drive
Windshield is FRAME Duplex cradle
height-adjustable
swingarm rear
Handlebar-
mounted turn
signal
When the Evolution engine

appeared in 1984 it transformed
Fork-mounted the Super Glide from just
tool pouch is a another touring bike into a
popular owner
addition real market-leader.

Safety reflector
Narrow front
mudguard
19-in (48-cm)
front wheel
Aftermarket
air cleaner
Highway foot
peg offers an
alternative leg
position on
long rides
Rubber engine
Exhaust mounts reduce Nine-spoke Single front
cross-pipe vibration alloy wheel disc brake
1997 FLHRI Road King SPECIFICATIONS

1997 FLHRI Road King
B Y THE MID-1990S IT WAS QUITE obvious that there wasnt going to

be any significant new idea which had a Harley-Davidson badge
on the tank. Harley knew what its customers wanted, and it knew
ENGINE Overhead-valve, fuel-injected

V-twin
POWER OUTPUT 69bhp
what it was good at building. Hence the regular reappearance of old TRANSMISSION Five-speed, belt drive
ideas such as the Road King, a middleweight tourer first introduced for SUSPENSION Telescopic front forks,
the 1995 model year. This was a return to traditional values of the swingarm rear
Electra Glide in much the same way that the FLHS (see pp.14243) TOP SPEED 96mph (155km/h)
had been a decade earlier. The Road King combined improvements to
the Harley packagelike electronic sequential port fuel injection on
the FLHRIwith the looks of the traditional Electra Glide such as 1997 FLHRI ROAD KING
whitewall tires, spoked wheels, leather saddlebags, and plenty of The Evolution engine had been a success
since its introduction in 1984, but the
chrome. And with a price tag of about $15,000, Harley-Davidson Weber fuel-injection option available on
now had a bike to give the big Japanese tourers a run for their money. the FLHRI transformed it into a different
beast again. Economic on fuel, easy to start,
and lower exhaust emissions all added to a
Removable pillion seat new and improved riding experience.
Removable saddlebag is
made from leather
covering a hard shell Oil tank has 1-gallon
(3.8-liter) capacity
Rear turn
signal
Large muffler
Swingarm
Whitewall tire pivot
Passenger
Single rear footboard
Wire-spoked wheel disc brake (folded up)
1997 FLHRI ROAD KING 151
Riding stance
Quick-detach The handlebars were positioned high and
windshield wide, which was good for short- to middle-
distance touring but not so practical for
longer trips. The bikes narrow profile
and low center of
Electronic gravity did, however,
starter button provide enjoyable riding
on twisting roads.
Wide-bladed Passing lights are

handlebar lever now a traditional
feature of the
touring Harley
5-gallon
(19-liter)
fuel tank
Traditional
valanced Footboard
mudguard
Road King
mudguard
script
Footboard Chrome trim

Air filter cover
boasts that the 80cu. in. Evolution engine is
bike is fitted with positioned in rubber-mounting Dual front
fuel injection system to reduce vibration disc brakes
1999 FLSTF Fat Boy SPECIFICATIONS

1999 FLSTF Fat Boy
H ARDTAILS WERE MOTORCYCLES without rear suspension, a

customizing trend intended to give the rear of a machine a
cleaner look. In another example of Harley-Davidson being influenced

POWER OUTPUT 83bhp
by the way its bikes were customized, the company introduced the belt drive
Softail in 1984. Harley wanted the clean look but didnt want to SUSPENSION Telescopic front forks,
inflict the discomfort of a solid chassis onto its riders, so the bike had swingarm rear
the look of a hardtail but with rear suspension units hidden under the TOP SPEED 120mph (193km/h)
engine. The FLSTF Fat Boy, launched in 1990, was a further variation
on this idea, with solid disc wheels and a unique exhaust system
contributing to the Fat Boy look. The FLSTS Heritage Springer went 1999 FLSTF FAT BOY
even further by using the Springer forks that Harley had discontinued The solid disc wheels are the Fat Boys most
unusual feature, but solid covers for spoked
in 1949 when it introduced the Hydra-Glide (see pp.8485). wheels have been seen on Harleys at
various times in the past, normally as an
Rear mudguard is almost aftermarket accessory. The distinctive
identical in style to that headlamp and fork panel was originally
on the Hydra-Glide on the Hydra-Glide (see pp.8485).
Ultra-low contoured seat

Taillight is just 2612in (67.3cm)
above road level
Rear disc
brake
Softail swingarm Low muffler hides the Passenger Chromed

has concealed horizontally mounted footrest oil tank
suspension units shock absorber
1999 FLSTF FAT BOY 153
Wide-spaced
Wing mirror Handlebar- Front handlebars
mounted turn brake lever
signal
Electric starter
The Fat Boys unique styling
has made it the best-selling Harley
Turn
415-gallon
of the 1990s and the perfect signal
(15.9-liter) partner for Arnold Schwarzenegger
fuel tank
in the 1991 film Terminator II.
Footboard
Instrument
console
Chrome
headlight
Clean front
Placing the speedometer
and warning lights in
the dash on the fuel
tank gives the Fat Boy
Headlight is a very uncluttered
mounted to a metal front, which is part
panel on the forks of its appeal.
as on the 1948 FL
Two-tone Lazer
Red and black
Metal shrouds paint finish
conceal the
fork legs on the
FL-style front end
Safety
reflector
Footboard
Evolution engine was 16-in

Dual exhaust replaced by the Twin Cam (41-cm) alloy
system (see pp.15657) on year disc wheel
Dunlop Elite
2000 Softail models
fat tire
1999 FXDX Super Glide SPECIFICATIONS

1999 FXDX Super Glide
F OR THE NEW MILLENNIUM, Harley figured that it needed a new,

more powerful, and more purposeful engine to replace the
Evolution power unit which had provided such good service since

1984. This being Harley, it didnt want too much change all at once, FRAME Tubular cradle
so the new Twin Cam engine (see pp.15657) could be, and was, swingarm rear
slotted straight into the existing big-twin chassis. The new unit made WEIGHT 615lb (279kg)
its debut in 1998 on selected 1999 models, including the Super Glide TOP SPEED 110mph (177km/h)
Sport. Harley claimed a hefty 24-percent power increaseto a still

unspectacular 68bhpfor the new engine, largely as a result of an
1999 FXDX SUPER GLIDE SPORT
increase in revs and an increase in capacity to 88cu. in. However, the Harley first used a black engine finish on the
new power enabled the Super Glide Sport to hit solid three-figure top XLCR (see pp.12627) back in 1977, and
speeds, and sustain theman ability uncharacteristic for a Harley. although a black finish on engines and
exhausts helps to dissipate heat, its popularity
Sport version has a
is more for cosmetic reasons. The matt finish
slimmer seat than the on the FXD gives the engine a mean
base FXD model and purposeful look.
Battery case
Taillight
Ignition and
parking light switch
16-in (41-cm) wire- Nonstandard exhaust
spoked wheel with pipes release more
Dunlop Elite tire Single rear disc brake power and noise
1999 FXDX SUPER GLIDE 155
Wing mirror Front brake lever

Electronic
speedometer and
rev-counter
Lower, black
handlebars Essential components
fitted on this The Super Glide is a no- Small-
Handlebar-
Sport model flab motorcycle unburdened diameter
mounted turn
with unnecessary features. headlight
signal
The front aspect is limited
to the essentials of the bike
and no more.
Chrome trimmed
Fuel filler-cap headlight Fork yoke
Fuel gauge
5-gallon
(18.57-liter)
fuel tank
Fork
28 steering head shroud
Footrest
Buyers could choose from
Aztec Orange Pearl,
Diamond Ice Pearl, or
Vivid Black paint finishes
Steering Lightweight
lock front mudguard
Safety
reflector
Front brake
caliper
Engine
mounting point
88cu. in. Twin Cam Chromed

engine with wrinkle exhaust Chrome Twin front
black paint finish downtube wheel rim disc brakes
The Twin Cam
RADITION DICTATED THAT Harley engineers would ignore
T overhead camshafts, multi-valve cylinder heads, and Connector
other innovations when designing a new engine for the next
millennium. And so it turned out. Though sophisticated fuel-
injection and ignition systems provide a nod to the future, the
1999 Twin Cam still relies on the trusty 45 overhead-valve
layout. The Twin Cam was a cleaner, more integrated design Power cable
than the Evolution engine that preceded it (see pp 144-45) and Chain-driven efficiency
it provided a platform for future development; engine capacity Removing the cam cover allows a view of the chain-drive
to the cams. Replacing the gear-drive used on earlier
grew from 88cu.in. to 96cu.in. and then 103cu.in. engines reduced noise and manufacturing costs.
The Twin Cam was put
through over 212 million
New aluminum cylinders have Two-piece Oval air-filter cover miles (4 million test
a shorter stroke and longer alloy rocker conceals the fuel- kilometers) before
bore than the Evolution cover injection system its release
Exhaust
port
Exhaust port
with stud
Polished for exhaust
pushrod tubes pipe fitting
Air-cooling fins; fin
area is increased by
The Twin Cam 88 is smooth, 50 percent compared
powerful, to the Evolution engine
and very efficient.
It is truly an air-cooled V-twin
engine for the 21st century
and destined to become a Oil filter boss
classic among riders.
John Warr

(Harley Dealer)
Oil line Electrical

connection cable
Engine
Gearbox mounting
mounting face point
Inlet tract sensor SLEEKER BY DESIGN

Only 18 of the 450 component parts are
carried over from the previous Evolution
engine design, resulting in about ten
percent more torque. However, the 45
V-twin format ensures theres no
mistaking that its still a Harley-Davidson.
Pushrod tube
Rocker
cover
Competition Bike
Ignition 1999 DUCATI MONSTER
timing The Italian Ducati company uses the air-cooled two-
sensor valve V-twin layout to good effect on its Monster
Alloy crankcase line, which provides an alternative approach to
the nonsporting motorcycle.
Connector
We always walk a fine line between
Crankcase
technical improvements and maintaining
the look, sound, and feel. The new
Electronic control
Twin Cam 88 is an example of how
Sophisticated electronics provide the Twin successfully we can do this.
Cam with supreme performance. Sensors
Power cable
supply information to the engine management Willie G. Davidson

system, which works out optimum fuel- (Vice-President of Styling, Harley Davidson Inc.)
injection settings for a given speed and load.
THE TWIN CAM 157

THE TWIN CAM ERA _ 1999 TO THE PRESENT 1900S 1910S 1920S 1930S 1940S 1950S 1960S 1970S 1980S 1990S 2000S
1999 FXDWG Wide Glide SPECIFICATIONS

1999 FXDWG Wide Glide
T HE WIDE GLIDE IS A chopper-style machine inspired by the bikes

featured in the film Easy Rider. With a huge customizing culture in
the US, the Wide Glide was intended to give buyers the chopper look

POWER OUTPUT 79bhp
straight from the Harley-Davidson factory. The Wide Glide was an belt drive
immediate hit when it first appeared in 1980the widened fork yokes SUSPENSION Telescopic front forks,
giving the bike its nameand soon became an established part of the swingarm rear
Harley line. The Super Glide Dyna chassis is equipped with custom TOP SPEED 120mph (193km/h)
features that all come as standard, and for 1999 the bike incorporated
the new 88cu. in. Twin Cam engine (see pp.15657).
1999 FXDWG WIDE GLIDE
The Dyna frame has a unique, computer-
Padded King and queen seat with designed engine mounting system that
passenger the pillion higher than the
uses flexible mountings and clever
backrest rider was another custom
feature adopted by the factory engineering to further reduce the effects of
Bobbed vibration on the motorcycle. The backbone
rear mudguard of the frame is a rectangular section which
is welded to a cast steering head.
Seat height is a modest

Rear turn
2634in (67.95cm)
signal
16-in (41-cm) wire- Staggered

spoked rear wheel shorty duals Chrome Five-speed
with chrome rim exhaust system battery box gearbox
1999 FXDWG WIDE GLIDE 159
High-rise
Ape-hanger
handlebars
everThesince
Wide Glide has been updated
its introduction in 1980
and is now a true mix of classic
custom styling with the most
up-to-date Harley technology.

Handlebar controls The sissy bar, or
feature wide-bladed levers passenger backrest, was
and Harleys unique self- intended to reassure
canceling turn signals nervous passengers
Chromed
speedometer
binnacle Custom-style
chrome headlight
with single
mounting point
Made in the USA badging

Harley customers around the world were getting a real
Widened fork
piece of Americana when they bought their motorcycle.
yokes give the
The company were happy to reassure them that they
bike its name
had made the right decision.
Optional
two-tone color 21-in (53-cm)
scheme front wheel with
skinny tire
Safety
reflector
Forward-
mounted foot
controls
Dyna frame
with vibration-
isolating engine
Chrome air filter mountings Single 1112-in
displays the bikes (29-cm) front Dunlop
88cu. in. capacity disc brake Elite tire
2003 FXSTB Night Train SPECIFICATIONS

2003 FXSTB Night Train
I NTRODUCED IN 1997, this variant of the Softail frame featured a

pared-down custom look, a low profile seat, and flat, drag-racing
handlebars. Originally fitted with the 1340cc Evo engine, the Night
CAPACITY 88 cu. in. (1450cc)
Train was given the 1450cc Twin Cam engine for the 2000 model belt drive
year. Harley-Davidson was quick to notice new trends among SUSPENSION Telescopic front forks,
motorcycle customizers; the model reflected a move away from candy swingarm rear
paint finishes and exuberant use of chrome to a simpler appearance WEIGHT 673lb (305kg)
and predominantly black finish. The Night Train represents typical
Harley policy of repackaging a variety of components in different ways
to create a large number of models around one engine, three types of
frames, and a raft of wheels, fuel tanks, handlebars, and seats. 2003 FXSTB NIGHT TRAIN
Riding a Harley is an experience. You roll
on the throttle and hear the engine roar,
claims the marketing material for the Night
Taillight Low-profile seat
Train. Before long, the same primal urge
that made cavemen go out and hunt
woolly mammoths overtakes you.
Rear disc The reality may be less intriguing,
brake but it is certainly an
enjoyable ride.
Softail Passenger Twin Cam

Staggered swingarm unit footrest engine
16-in (41-cm) shorty duals
solid rear exhaust system
wheel
2003 FXSTB NIGHT TRAIN 161
Classic styling
The slim rear view and considerable length of
the Night Train are classic Harley-Davidson
styling features. By mounting the instruments
Wing mirror in a tank-top console, the handlebars are kept
clear to give a better view of the small, Flat, drag-racing
custom-style chrome headlight. handlebars
514-gallon
(19.7-liter)
fuel tank
Riser Central instrument console Classic
handlebar incorporates speedometer, bobber-
mountings warning lights, and style rear
ignition switch mudguard
Small,
custom-style
headlight
Turn signal Chrome

silencer
Front brake
caliper
Lightweight
front mudguard
Hydraulic
brake hose
Forward control
rear brake pedal
The engines crinkle finish

contrasts with the deep gloss
black on the cycle parts
21-in (53-cm)
spoked front wheel
2010 FLHR Road King

T HE FL RANGE OF MACHINES can be traced all the way back to
the original FL of 1941, and the current Road King plays on
that heritage while also being a capable touring motorcycle for the
FLHR ROAD KING
In 2009 the Road King and its more
luxurious stablemate, the Electra Glide,
were given all-new chassis, resulting in
21st century. A ride-by-wire throttle, combined with digital fuel better handling and superior ride quality.
injection, constantly balances performance, economy, and emissions. Improved engine mountings minimized
vibration without losing the looks and
At the same time, chassis improvementsa stiffer chassis with better riding character of the previous models,
suspension quality and improved geometrymeans that the bike is while better brakes were a welcome
addition, and an anti-lock braking
easier to maneuver, and with a bike as big and heavy as this one, that system was also an option.
is a really important consideration.
Rack provides Chrome rocker

additional luggage One-piece dual seat covers
capacity
Passenger
footboards fold
when not in use
Panniers
have 2.26-
cu. ft (64-
liter)
capacity
Two-into-one-
16-in (40-cm) into-two exhaust
rear wheel system Six-speed
gearbox
FLHR ROAD KING 163
Quickly detachable
windshield
SPECIFICATIONS
2010 FLHR Road King
Speedo ENGINE Overhead-valve, V-twin
mounted in CAPACITY 96cu. in. (1584cc)
tank-top Compass POWER OUTPUT 68bhp
console (non-standard) TRANSMISSION Six-speed, belt-drive
swingarm rear
6-gallon (27- TOP SPEED 115mph (185km/h)
liter) fuel tank
gives a range of
nearly 300 miles
(483 km)
Passing lights
Turn signals
Traditional deeply
valanced mudguard
28-spoke,
17-in (43-
cm) alloy
wheel
Air cleaner
96-cu. in. (1584-
cc) Twin Cam Four-piston
engine brake calipers
CHAPTER EIGHT
V-ROD 20012010
2003 VRSCA V-ROD
When Harley-Davidson introduced the

V-Rod engineofficially called the
Revolution it came as something of a
shock. Suddenly here was a Harley with
overhead camshafts, water-cooling, and genuine
performance. And the futuristic appearance
of the V-Rod was also a surprise. Just when
we thought that Harley had explored every
variant of the cruiser look, the company
invented something completely different.
A NEW DIRECTION
The radical nature of the V-Rod was the result of Harley
responding to calls for significantly higher performance in
an age of increasing noise and pollution restrictions.
2003 VRSCA V-Rod SPECIFICATIONS

2003 VRSCA V-Rod
H ARLEY ENTHUSIASTS LOOKING for more performance from their

bikes were finally rewarded in 2001 with the introduction of
a radical new machine. The V-Rod was that rare thing in the history
ENGINE Dual overhead-cam, V-twin
CAPACITY 1130cc
(claimed)
of the Milwaukee gianta new model owing nothing to earlier TRANSMISSION Five-speed, belt drive
FRAME Tubular steel perimeter
machines. At the heart of the bike is an all-new 60 V-twin unit SUSPENSION Telescopic
featuring overhead camshafts, four valves per cylinder, and water front forks, swingarm rear
cooling, all innovations on a Harley engine. The chassis is long and WEIGHT 595lb (270kg) (claimed)
low, with drag-bike-inspired looks and a unique finish in brushed
and polished alloy. The V-Rods astonishing performance and radical
new look are exciting in themselves, but the promise they suggest for
a new generation of Harley-Davidson motorcycles is remarkable. 2003 VRSCA V-ROD
With almost double the power of existing
models, the V-Rod frame needed to be
stiffer than any previous Harley frame.
Brushed aluminum Upper frame rail is a single piece Seat unit lifts up to
Turn signal body panel of tubing with multiple curves expose the fuel-tank filler Large-diameter steel tubing is wrapped
around the engine in what Harley
calls a perimeter design,
so that the frame is a
styling component.
Rear shock Chrome-plated

absorbers have 4-gallon (15-liter) engine case
adjustable fuel tank
preload setting Dual exhaust
system
2003 VRSCA V-ROD 167
Wing
mirror
Instrument
pod contains
tachometer,
speedometer,
and fuel gauge
Dummy tank
The VRSCAs fuel tank cover is a dummy and
actually conceals the airbox. The real fuel tank is
positioned under the seat to lower the bikes center of
gravity and contribute to its handling stability.
Distinctive
oval headlight
49mm
telescopic fork
Imposing rear view
The rear view of the V-Rod is dominated by the
180 section rear tire and the twin exhaust pipes,
which both exit on the same side of the bike.
Solid disc
aluminum
wheel
Twin front disc

brakes have
292mm discs and
four-piston
calipers
Cooling
radiators are
concealed in
Lower frame rail can be aluminum
unbolted to aid engine removal cowlings
The V-Rod
O MEET THE DEMAND FOR higher performance, Harley abandoned
T its traditional 45 overhead-valve design in favor of a 60 cylinder
configuration in 2001. Consultants at Porsche worked with Harley engineers
on the new V-Rod, with much of the technology originally developed for the
VR1000 (see pp.17677). Liquid cooling, overhead valves, and twin camshafts Compact design
Because the engine and gearbox are designed and built as a single
in each head increased the power output. The knife and fork connecting rods, unit, the power plant is much more compact than those seen on
a feature of Harley V-twins since 1909, were replaced with side-by-side rods. previous models. The shorter unit allows space in the chassis for
the fuel tank to be positioned behind the engine.
Chrome-plated Cast alloy cylinder heads Chrome-plated horn

Camshaft end
cambox cover have fins for visual effect cover conceals the
blanking plate
fuel injection system
Camchain tunnel Cam chain

runs inside the tensioner
cylinder head
Cylinder barrels A shaft located between the

are integrated with V of the cylinders drives a
the upper crankcase water pump located on the
other side of the engine
Oil filler
Chrome-plated casing
conceals a compact
high output alternator
Painted alloy
crankcases are
horizontally split UP-TO-DATE TECHNOLOGY
The V-Rod uses modern technology in
manufacturing and design for optimum
performance within the constraints of
emissions and noise legislation, but also to
make the production process economic. Wet
sump lubrication, another unusual feature for a Harley,
Fuel injection
means that oil is retained at the bottom of the engine,
air inlet so there is no need for a separate oil tank.
Camshaft bearing cap

Up around 5,000rpm, where
Camshaft
your air-cooled hog is getting
drive sprocket
Valve spring
flustered, the Rod takes on fresh
resolve. Theres real urge to be Camshaft
found from 6,000rpm on. Inlet port
Ben Miller (Bike Magazine)

Water pump
Competition Bike
2003 YAMAHA ROAD WARRIOR
Yamaha was also developing powerful cruisers at
the time the V-Rod was introduced. The Road Star
Warrior has an old-fashioned OHV engine that relies
on huge capacity (1675cc) for its considerable power.
Valve
Cylinder head
Clutch and gasket
primary
Engine mounting
drive gears Inside the cylinder head
Twin camshafts run in the alloy cylinder head and operate two inlet
Fuel injection system valves and two exhaust valves. The increased valve area compared
This cutaway drawing illustrates the V-Rods fuel injection system, to the two-valve engines allows higher speeds and greater power.
with twin vertical air inlet tracts positioned between the cylinder Harley claim that the V-Rod produces 115bhp, far more than the
heads at the center of the V. Evo (see pp.14445) and Twin Cam (see pp.15657) units.
THE V-ROD 169

THE V-ROD ERA _ 2001 TO THE PRESENT 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
2010 CVO Softail Convertible

I N 1999 THE MOTOR COMPANY responded to the growing trend for CVO SOFTAIL CONVERTIBLE
customizing standard machines by creating their own limited-edition Harley-Davidsons two traditional variants
custom models. These were dubbed CVO models, for Custom Vehicle
of the big-twin were the comfortable and
well-equipped touring machines and the
Operations. Every year a limited number of models were given the CVO stylish cruisers. They came together in the
treatment, with larger capacity engines than the base models, more Softail Convertible model which, with
quickly detachable panniers and shield,
expensive paint finishes, non-standard accessories, and performance could perform both roles: you could use it
parts from Harleys Screamin Eagle catalog. The detailing reflected as a regular machine for short runs, or fit
current trends in the custom world, with hand-applied pinstriping, the shield and panniers, load up, and head
out for longer rides.
metal-flake, and flame paint jobs being some of the finishes used. CVO
models were naturally pricier than the standard bike, although fitting the
parts at the factory was often more cost-effective than a retro fit.
Minimalist pillion Leather solo

Chromed mudguard seat for masochistic saddle
support rails passengers
incorporate pannier
mounts
18-in (46-cm)
custom alloy
wheels
Shock absorber is
Vance and Oil tank concealed beneath
Hines Big the gearbox
Shot Longs
exhausts
2010 CVO SOFTAIL CONVERTIBLE 171
SPECIFICATIONS
Chromed 2010 CVO Softail Convertible
handlebar
controls ENGINE Overhead-valve, V-twin
CAPACITY 1804cc (110cu. in.)
5-gallon POWER OUTPUT 85bhp
(19-liter) TRANSMISSION Six-speed, belt drive
fuel tank
with
instrument Small SUSPENSION Telescopic front forks,
console custom-style swingarm rear
chrome WEIGHT 724lb (328kg)
headlight TOP SPEED 130mph (209km/h)

Customizing is part of Harley-
Davidson ownershipbikes dont
remain the same as when they left the
factory for long.

Chromed fork
shrouds echo 1950s
Harley style Single front
Deeply valanced disc brake with
FL-style mudguard scalloped rotor
110-cu. in. Screamin Eagle Billet alloy

(1804-cc) Twin performance air brake pedal
Cam engine filter
CHAPTER NINE
SPORTS BIKES 1994 2010
1994 S2-THUNDERBOLT
Just as Harley-Davidson aficionados believe

that the company build the finest bikes in the
world, those whose tastes dont run to traditional
Harley-style cruisers dismiss them with as much
vigor. In order to engage with the sports bike
market, Harley bought a stake in a small
company called Buell in 1993, which was
making innovative Harley-engined machines.
Harley also developed its own new 1000cc race
bike. Sadly neither project ended well, with
Buell production ending in 2009.
HITTING THE OPEN ROAD
Harley-Davidson has traditionally been associated with
touring bikes and cruisers, but owners of Harley-powered Buells
were seeking performance and handling excellence too.
1986 Buell RR1000 SPECIFICATIONS

1986 Buell RR1000
T HE FIRST RR1000 PROTOTYPE was built in 1984 by Eric

Buell, a former Harley employee, as a commission from the
Vetter fairing company. Although Buell was still independent

CAPACITY 61cu. in (998cc)
TRANSMISSION Four-speed, chain drive
of Harley-Davidson at this point, the company would soon be FRAME Chrome-moly, open-cradle space frame
incorporated into the Harley fold (see pp.17879). The RR1000 SUSPENSION Telescopic front forks,
swingarm rear
used an XR1000 engine (see pp.13031) mounted on Buells WEIGHT 390lb (177kg)
patented Uniplanar chassis, which restricted engine vibration TOP SPEED 135mph (217km/h) (est.)
by using a system of rods, joints, and rubber mountings. Only

50 RR1000s were built before the supply of
XR1000 engines dried up. Molded knee
cutout
Aerodynamic
seat hump with Solo seat
integral rear light
License-
plate
mounting
British-made
Dymag three-
spoke alloy
wheel
Swingarm
Rear brake master cylinder
Lower section of the

Alloy rear Brake pedal fairing conceals a shock
sprocket linkage absorber and muffler
1986 BUELL RR1000 175
Air link Aerodynamic 1986 BUELL RR1000 BATTLETWIN

tube for tinted Buell also offered a conventional 1200cc
forks windshield Sportster engine version of the
Battletwin, which was designated the
Fuel tank RR1200. Though this larger-capacity
breather pipe model was similar to the RR1000, the
exposed engine on the unfaired version
the RS1200resulted in a more
Flush fuel traditional looking machine.
filler-cap
Bar-end mirror
Harley-Davidsons
orange and black
racing color scheme
Oblong headlamp
Fairing mounting
bolt; turn signals
also positioned
here
Italian Marzocchi Aerodynamic

telescopic forks shrouded front
mudguard
16-in (41-cm)
wheel reflects
period fashion
for small wheels
The Buells Harley engine

Bulges reflect the position has to be advertised, Massive
of the carburetors on the otherwise you would never front disc Pirelli
XR1000 engine know it was a Harley unit brakes MP7 tire
1994 VR1000 SPECIFICATIONS

1994 VR1000
T HERE ARE PROBABLY SEVERAL reasons why, in 1994, Harley

decided to develop a totally new race bike. Corporate pride,
the necessity to familiarize itself with new technology, and a desire

ENGINE Dual overhead-cam, V-twin
TRANSMISSION Six-speed, chain drive
to appeal to a new type of customer are among them. Whatever the FRAME Twin-spar alloy
SUSPENSION Inverted telescopic front
reasons, the VR1000 made its debut under the spotlight at Americas fork, single-shock rear
most prestigious road racethe 1994 Daytona 200-mile (322-km) WEIGHT 355lb (161kg)
Superbike. However, it wasnt a fairy-tale debut as the bike was off the TOP SPEED 190mph (306km/h)
(Daytona gearing)
pace and then blew up. Five years on, the VR1000 had still to achieve
significant success despite swallowing large amounts of
money and development time.
Molded Tank cover and seat
racing unit are a single
seat lightweight structure
Lightweight
alloy muffler
Braced swingarm
Slick racing
tire provides
maximum grip
on dry tracks
Drilled
rear disc
brake
Exposed dry
clutch is
Alloy chassis is cable-operated
constructed with twin-spars
Underslung connecting the steering Two-into-one
brake caliper head to the swingarm pivot exhaust system
1994 VR1000 177
1994 VR1000 Riders gear

Limited numbers of the VR1000 were offered Quick-detach fairing The Harley-Davidson bar and shield
for sale to the public to comply with Superbike fasteners allow a logo features heavily on Rider Ron
replacement to be McGills leathers. Racing a VR1000
racing rules that stated that a number of
fitted during a race as a privateer was costly and most bikes
production versions of the competing bikes werent campaigned for a second season.
had to be produced. This was the fourth
bike off the production line and was
ridden to third position by Ron McGill
in the 1995 Bears Series. Fairing designed by
Willie G. Davidson
Quick-release strap for
removing the tank
cover and seat unit
Protective
racing
leathers
Racing
handlebars
Inverted upside-down
telescopic fork provides
maximum rigidity for
minimum weight
Lightweight
Marchesini
five-spoke
alloy wheel
Racing
tire
Front brake
caliper
Quick-release
couplings for
the fuel lines
Unique paint finish Large-diameter
features Harleys traditional twin front
Braided steel pipes colorsorange on this side brake discs
lead to the oil cooler and black on the other
1994 Buell S2 SPECIFICATIONS

1994 Buell S2
I N 1993, HARLEY-DAVIDSON BOUGHT a 49 percent stake in US

sports-bike manufacturer Buell, giving Harley the potential to
explore new markets without alienating existing customers. Money was

POWER OUTPUT 76bhp
now available to develop new machines, and the S2-Thunderbolt was FRAME Tubular cradle
the first fruit of the new association. The bike was a development of the swingarm rear
original Buell concept but with revised styling details and a 20 percent WEIGHT 450lb (204kg)
power increase thanks to improvements in the exhaust and intake TOP SPEED 110mph (177km/h)
systems. Production of Buell bikes increased from 100 to 700 per year,
helping to make the Thunderbolt much cheaper than earlier Buells.
5-gallon (19-liter) fuel
Rear subframe tank includes 23 gallon
Self-canceling Dual seat (2.2 liters) in reserve
turn signal
Battery
Lightweight
carbonfiber hugger
and belt-guard
Belt drive
pulley
Car-style Suspension damping

muffler adjustment dial
Marchesini
three-spoke Harleys belt final-drive Horizontally mounted WP shock
alloy wheel retained on the Buell absorber is operated in tension
1994 BUELL S2 179
1994 BUELL S2-THUNDERBOLT Adjustable

Buell sourced high-quality components from outside rearview
Aerodynamic suppliers for the Thunderbolt, including WP forks and mirror
tinted
shock absorbers, Marchesini wheels, and Performance
windshield
Machine brake calipers. Combined with some well-
thought-out engineering, the end result was a bike
that handled very capably, even though the
Chromed steel 1200cc Sportster engine was slightly
handlebars underpowered for the Buells chassis.
Fuel
breather Original Harley Chrome-moly Air
pipe control lever tubular frame vents
Instrument
console
Two-into-one
stainless steel
exhaust pipes
Frame-mounted
bikini fairing
Dunlop WP
Sportmax upside-down
front tire front forks
Headlight mounted
in fairing
Slim profile
The Buell S2 made use of the Sportster
power unit to provide the traditional benefits
of the V-twin engine in a sport bike. This
Rubber engine Short racing- combination of a slim profile with good
mounts reduce style front power delivery created a bike capable of
vibration mudguard competing with its contemporaries.
Knee cutout
in fuel tank
Two-into-one
exhaust Prop
stand
Rear wheel is
Six-piston Performance 112in (3.8cm)
Machine front brake caliper 1312-in (34-cm) wider than
front disc brake front wheel
1999 Buell X1 Lightning

W HARLEY BOUGHT ANOTHER chunk of Buelltaking its
HEN
stake in the sports bike company to 98 percentin the late
1999 BUELL X1 LIGHTNING
Showa suspension units front and rear gave
the Lightning a far superior ride over
1990s, the X1 Lightning followed soon afterward. Launched in 1998 for previous models, and another neat touch was
the 1999 model year, the Lightning was more polished and refined than the alloy seat subframe. Mechanically, the
earlier Buells, while retaining the oddball looks of the older machines. new fuel-injection system increased outright
The ride was improved, the styling was cleaned up, and a new electronic power and allegedly made the delivery
smoother. Harley-Davidson hoped that the
fuel-injection system was added to the Sportster engine. But in refining X1 would attract a more mainstream
the Lightning some of the raw charm of the earlier bikes was lost. buyer to its sports marque.
Rear turn 12-volt sealed

signal lead-acid battery
License-
plate light
Alloy seat support

subframe new for 1999
Lightweight
carbonfiber hugger
and belt-guard
Belt drive
pulley
Chain
adjuster
Aftermarket
muffler
17-in (43-cm) Dynamic Digital fuel-injection

wheel with system monitors fuel mixture,
Dunlop Beefy air and engine temperature,
Sportmax tire swingarm and exhaust gases
1999 BUELL X1 LIGHTNING 181
Instruments include a The design of the

speedometer, tachometer, wing mirrors was new SPECIFICATIONS
odometer, and tripmeter for 1999, allowing 1999 Buell X1 Lightning
easier adjustment
423-gallon CAPACITY 73cu. in. (1203cc)
(17.4-liter) POWER OUTPUT 101bhp @
fuel tank Fuel tank 6,000rpm (claimed)
breather Chin TRANSMISSION Five-speed,
pipe fairing belt drive
single-shock rear
Turn
signal oneTheofLightning incorporates
the most advanced
fuel management systems
Chrome
ever seen on a motorcycle.

trimmed
headlight
Upside down Showa
front forks are adjustable
to suit different riders
Nylon
airbox Short racing-
style front
mudguard
Six-piston
brake
calliper
Belly pan
Red Snap was one of four color

schemes available; the others Stainless steel Three-spoke
were Onyx Alloy, Reactor two-into-one cast-alloy
Yellow, and Carbon Black exhaust wheel
2002 Buell XB9R Firebolt SPECIFICATIONS

2002 Buell XB9R Firebolt
T HE FIREBOLT WAS A radical new model introduced for 2002, and

it marked Buells first serious effort to produce a genuine sports
bike. It was lighter, shorter, and more focused than their previous
CAPACITY 948cc
(claimed)
machines, with steeper steering geometry to provide the sharper TRANSMISSION Five-speed, belt drive
steering response required by sports riders. To make the machine more FRAME Aluminum twin-spar
compact, Buells traditional tubular steel frame was replaced by a twin- swingarm rear
spar alloy chassis. The Sportster-based engine had a reduced capacity, WEIGHT 386lb (175kg) (dry, claimed)
but a shorter stroke
allowed the engine
to rev to nearly
7,500rpm.
Plastic bodywork is color

impregnated so that
Tail- scratches do not show
light
Belt drive
pulley
Removable swingarm Exhaust

section allows the retaining clip Belly pan
continuous drive belt
to be fitted
2002 BUELL XB9R FIREBOLT 183
2002 BUELL XB9R FIREBOLT

Buell designed the Firebolt around a new chassis
Wing mirror
and managed to give the bike a distinctive and
good-looking profile. The new chassis wraps
around the air-cooled engine, hiding the
rear cylinder head from view.
A fan helps keep the engine Clip-on
cool by drawing air past the handlebars are
angled and low to
rear cylinder. An oil cooler provide a sporting
is mounted on the left side of riding position
the bike below the front cylinder.
Upside down
Showa fork
Bikini fairing
334-gallon
(14-liter) fuel tank
Distinctive appearance
Though sharing a slim frontal
aspect, the Firebolts bug-eye
headlights and frame-mounted
fairing differentiate it from Buells
Lightning model (see pp.18485).
Dunlop tires developed for

the bike are a special
lightweight construction
track.Inspired by the
Built for the
streets. The Firebolt
comes armed with
industry-leading
innovations that
are as ground-
breaking as
its style.

Rim-mounted
disc brake is a
unique Buell
feature
2003 Buell XB9S Lightning SPECIFICATIONS

2003 Buell XB9S Lightning
H AVING INTRODUCED THE radical new Firebolt for 2002 (see

pp.18283), Buell stripped the bike of its clip-on handlebars,
frame-mounted sports fairing, and sports seat to create the aggressive-
CAPACITY 984cc
(claimed)
looking Lightning street-bike for the following year. The cast alloy TRANSMISSION Five-speed, belt drive
rear sub-frame now supported a minimalist dual seat, and the higher FRAME Aluminum twin-spar
bars and lower footrests provided a more accommodating riding swingarm rear
position. Though these changes appear insignificant, and are WEIGHT 386lb (175kg) (dry, claimed)
relatively easy to implement, they alter the nature of the bike. TOP SPEED 120mph (193km/h)
The resulting model is less demanding and more practical than

the uncompromising Firebolt it is based on. In terms
of character and function, the Lightning has more
in common with earlier Buells. Low-profile
dual seat
2003 BUELL XB9S LIGHTNING

Particular care over choice of materials
has been exercised in the production
of the Lightning. The wheels use a
combination of rough-cast and polished
alloy for visual effect. Color-impregnated
plastic body panels provide flashes of
color, the engine uses a combination Cast alloy sub-frame
of black and bare alloy, and the supports the seat
exhaust pipe headers are made
from stainless steel. The details
are exquisite and passers-by
find plenty to look at.
Mudguard doubles as a
license-plate mounting
BMX,TheaLightning feels like a

bicycle with the last
two pots of a Detroit V8
rumbling away instead
of pedal power.

17-in (43-cm) six-
spoke rear wheel
Drive belt
tensioning pulley
7-in (180-mm) Swingarm contains the oil

Dunlop tire tank (on the other side)
2003 BUELL XB9S LIGHTNING 185
Tubular steel
handlebars
Fork-mounted
Plastic cover Wing mirror twin
conceals air box headlights
Front forks are

adjustable for preload
Front section of and compression or
the frame doubles rebound damping
as a fuel tank
Duct
channels
air into
the engine
Oil cooler
Minimal protection
The central bulge of the fly-screen covers the
tachometer, but the panel itself provides little in
the way of weather protection for the rider.
Six-piston
Color options are Belly pan front brake
yellow or black caliper
2010 VRSCDX Night Rod Special

T HE WATER-COOLED, four-valves per-cylinder and double overhead
camshaft V-Rod engine offered a level of power and performance
never seen on a production Harley-Davidson, but it also offered the
VRSCDX NIGHT ROD SPECIAL
The VRSCD Night Rod was introduced in
2006, its styling apparently inspired by Hot
Rod cars and culture. The more powerful
potential for further tuning. With support from the factory, the bike VRSCDX Night Rod Special, with an
almost completely black finish, appeared
became a popular choice for drag racing. The one make Harley the following year. The newer version had
Davidson racing series ran a V-Rod class, and the bike was extensively a 1250cc engine producing 125bhp. Power
developed for the Pro-stock class, with the fastest machines achieving was transmitted to the road via a huge,
240-section rear tire, while uprated brakes
standing quarter mile times below seven seconds. meant efficient slowing too.
Pillion support
an optional Inclined rear Cylinder head
extra shock absorbers finning is cosmetic
Luggage detail on liquid-
rack an 5-gallon (19-liter) cooled engine
optional fuel tank is located
extra below riders seat
Seat height is a
modest 26.3 in
(67 cm)
Huge 240/40 Alloy

rear tire swingarm Slipper clutch
2010 VRSCDX NIGHT ROD SPECIAL 187
Black finish on
mirror housings and SPECIFICATIONS
other components 2010 VRSCDX Night Rod Special
ENGINE Dual overhead cam, V-twin
Handlebar CAPACITY 76cu. in. (1250cc)
switches POWER OUTPUT 125bhp
Stainless steel
drag style
FRAME Tubular steel perimeter
low rise SUSPENSION Telescopic front forks,
handlebar swingarm rear
Minimalist
headlight
fairing
Dummy tank
cover conceals
airbox
accelerating
The 125bhp VRSCDX is the fastest-
production bike that
Harley has ever built. So far
at least.

Forks raked at
34 degrees
Front mudguard
300mm incorporating fork
brake discs brace
19-in (48-cm)
slotted alloy
wheel
Water pump Four-piston

Brembo brake
Brake pedal caliper
CATALOG
THE COMPLETE HARLEY-DAVIDSON
19032013
1999
TWIN CAM
CAM COVER
The following Catalog lists every

production motorcycle manufactured by
Harley-Davidson, from the first model in
1903 to the 2013 model range. It also
includes various racing models produced by
the company as one-offs or manufactured
in limited production runs.
TEST DRIVING A NEW SILENT GRAY FELLOW

Harley-Davidson established a comprehensive dealership
network only a few years after the Company was set up
and today there are thousands of dealers worldwide.
The Complete Harley-Davidson Catalog

1912
The following catalog lists the main models manufactured annually by MODEL VARIATIONS
Harley-Davidson from 1903 until the year 2013. It does not include any
5-A, 5-B. 5-C
Buell models but does cover the Italian Aermacchi imports. Harleys
philosophy during the 1980s of producing many different versions of All models have a new frame with the
MODEL 5 V-TWIN
similar models means that some limited editions and specialty models have top tube sloping to the rear allowing a
ENGINE V-twin lower saddle which is mounted on a
been omitted. Note that the years given are model years so the bikes will
actually have been released sometime during the previous year. CAPACITY 49.48cu. in.. new sprung seat-post. Clutch assembly
in rear hub on models with X
MODEL VARIATIONS
1903 1906
designation. Workforce doubles.
5-D
NEW FEATURES MODEL 8 SINGLES
Bosch magneto ignition offered
The first year of Harley Silent Gray Fellow name ENGINE F-head single
Schebler carburetor offered
production, with an output of first used for Harleys singles. Wire control cable used CAPACITY 30.16cu. in..
three bikes. The first bikes followed New building on Juneau Avenue.
a 10.2cu. in.. (167cc) prototype COLORS
Renault Gray Standard MODEL VARIATIONS
that used a reinforced MODEL 2
(Black optional). 8-A, X-8, X-8A
bicycle-type frame. ENGINE F-head single
CAPACITY 26.8cu. in..
THE FIRST BIKE
ENGINE F-head single
NEW FEATURES Capacity
increased to 26.8cu. in..
COLORS
1910
Black paint finish (Renault Belt idler added to models to give a
NEW FEATURES Loop frame and form of clutch control. First year of a
Gray optional).
larger than usual engine
Harley racing model and acetylene
COLORS lights as an option. The company 1912 X-8 SILENT GRAY FELLOW
1907
Black paint finish. now employs 149 workers.
MODEL 6 MODEL 8 V-TWINS
1904
ENGINE F-head single ENGINE V-twins
First experimental Harley-Davidson
V-twin is built and exhibited at a CAPACITY 30.16cu. in.. CAPACITY 49.48 & 61cu. in..
motorcycle show. Harley-Davidson
First Harley-Davidson factory MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS
Motor Company officially established. 6-A, 6-B. 6-C
built in a 10-x-15-ft (3-x-4.5-m) shed 8-D, X-8D (49.48cu. in.. V-twin)
and first dealer appointed. MODEL 3 RACING MODEL X-8E (61cu. in.. V-twin)
ENGINE F-head single 6-E NEW FEATURES
MODEL 0 Chain final-drive first used
CAPACITY 26.8cu. in.. NEW FEATURES First year of Rear hub clutch first used
NEW FEATURES Sager sprung bar and shield trademark logo
CAPACITY 24.74cu. in.. COLORS
front fork (used to 1948) COLORS Renault Gray standard. Four
COLORS COLORS Renault Gray standard other color options are now
Black paint finish. Renault Gray standard (Black (Black optional). offered at extra cost.
[Start of identification optional).
numbering system that subtracts
1911
four from the year to get the
1913
model number for that year
e.g., 1904 = Model 0].
1908 V-twin returns and remains
Harley-Davidson racing department
Walter Davidson wins the F.A.M. continuously in the Harley range.
1905 Company expands to nearly 500 founded. First year of Model G

endurance run with a perfect score.
employees, producing over 5,500 bikes. delivery van.
The company now has 35 employees.
Factory size doubled to MODEL 4 MODEL 7 SINGLES MODEL 9 SINGLES
10 ft x 30 ft (3 m x 9 m). ENGINE F-head single
ENGINE F-head single ENGINE F-head single
Walter Davidson becomes
CAPACITY 35cu. in..
full-time factory manager. CAPACITY 26.8cu. in.. CAPACITY 30.16cu. in..
COLORS MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL 1 MODEL VARIATIONS
Renault Gray standard 9-A, 9-B
(Black optional). 7-A, 7-B, 7-C
CAPACITY 24.74cu. in.. MODEL 7 V-TWIN MODEL 9 V-TWINS
ENGINE V-twin
1909
COLORS ENGINE V-twin
Black paint finish. CAPACITY 61cu. in..
MODEL VARIATIONS
V-twin cataloged for the first time, MODEL VARIATIONS
though the model disappeared from 7-D
9-E, 9-F, 9-G
the range the following year. NEW FEATURES
NEW FEATURES
Mechanical inlet valves on Mechanical inlet valves
MODEL 5 SINGLES on singles
V-twin
ENGINE F-head single Magneto ignition standard
COLORS Two-speed transmission option
CAPACITY 30.16cu. in.. Renault Gray. available on delivery van
1905 MODEL 1 SINGLE
THE COMPLETE HARLEY-DAVIDSON CATALOG 191
1919
COLORS COLORS RACING MODELS
Renault Gray standard. Four Renault Gray standard. Four
color options available at extra color options available at Model S
cost. extra cost. First year of the horizontally opposed
MODEL E flathead twin model W, though not a
ENGINE F-head V-twin great success in the US so mainly
1914
exported to overseas markets. Also
CAPACITY 61cu. in.
first year for the two-cam F-head
and eight-valve racers.
Harley-Davidsons factory race team MODEL F
starts competing on various circuits. ENGINE F-head V-twin MODEL W
First sidecars ordered from the Rogers CAPACITY 61cu. in. ENGINE Horizontally opposed
Company, but not officially listed as 1915 KR FAST ROADSTER flathead twin
an option until following year. CAPACITY 35.64cu. in. (584.03cc)
MODEL J
MODEL 10 SINGLES
ENGINE F-head single 1916 ENGINE F-head V-twin
CAPACITY 61cu. in.
CAPACITY 35cu. in.. First year of eight-valve racing twins
RACING MODELS
and four-valve single racers.
MODEL VARIATIONS Identification system changes this Models R & T, Eight-valve racer
10-A, 10-B, 10-C year so that the number reflects the COLORS
model year, i.e. 1916 35cu. in.. single Olive Green is now the standard
1919 MODEL W
MODEL 10 V-TWINS is a Model 16-B. [Note: Henceforth in color. Only year of Gold
this catalog, models will be referred to pinstriping.
ENGINE V-twin MODEL F
by identification initials only.]
CAPACITY 61cu. in.. ENGINE F-head V-twin
1918
MODEL B
MODEL VARIATIONS CAPACITY 61cu. in.
10-E, 10-F, 10-G
MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 35cu. in..
NEW FEATURES Last year of the 35cu. in. F-head
F/FS/FUS (Govt. use only)
Step (kick) starters offered, singles. Berling magnetos replace
allowing the bicycle pedals to MODEL C Dixies. Model F is the best-seller
be abandoned and footboards
ENGINE F-head single for this year. MODEL J
fitted to some machines
ENGINE F-head V-twin
Two-speed transmission CAPACITY 35cu. in.. MODEL B
available for singles CAPACITY 61cu. in.
RACING MODELS ENGINE F-head single
COLORS
Renault Gray standard. Four Model S MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 35cu. in.
color options available at J/JS
extra cost.
MODEL E MODEL C RACING MODELS
ENGINE F-head V-twin ENGINE F-head single Two-cam eight-valve racer
1915 CAPACITY 61cu. in.. CAPACITY 35cu. in. Two-cam F-head racer
A small number of adapted
MODEL F MODEL E V-twin models also produced
From 191553 a sidecar version of
most of the V-twin models was ENGINE F-head V-twin ENGINE F-head V-twin COLORS
Olive Green.
offered. The initial S after the model CAPACITY 61cu. in.. CAPACITY 61cu. in.
ID letters was used to identify them
e.g., FS Sidecar Twin. Harleys new MODEL J MODEL F
interest in bike racing spawns first
series of racing models in both single
and V-twin formats.
CAPACITY 61cu. in.
CAPACITY 61cu. in.
1920
Harley factory race team parades on
MODEL 11 SINGLES RACING MODELS victory lap with a pig on a bike, so
MODEL J beginning the hog association. The
ENGINE F-head single Models R & T
Eight-valve racer (ohv) ENGINE F-head V-twin company now has the biggest
CAPACITY 35cu. in.. motorcycle factory in the world.
COLORS Renault Gray CAPACITY 61cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS standard. Four color options
available at extra cost.
MODEL W
11-B, 11-C
ENGINE Horizontally opposed
RACING MODELS flathead twin
1917
11-K4, 11-KF CAPACITY 35.64cu. in. (584.03cc)
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL 11 V-TWINS
Bosch magnetos unavailable due to W/WF/WJ
ENGINE V-twin 1918 MODEL J SIDECAR
the war, so replaced by Dixie brand
CAPACITY 61cu. in.. for this year only. Harley sends its first MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL F
bikes for military use in WWI. ENGINE F-head V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS FUS (Govt. use only)
11-E, 11-F, 11-G, 11-H, 11-J MODEL B CAPACITY 61cu. in.
RACING MODELS
RACING MODELS ENGINE F-head single MODEL VARIATIONS
Model R, Eight-valve racer
11-K, 11-KR, 11-KT, 11-KRH, CAPACITY 35cu. in. F/FS
11-KTH, 11-K12, 11-K12H A small number of modified
NEW FEATURES MODEL C V-twins also produced MODEL J
Three-speed gearbox on twins ENGINE F-head single ENGINE F-head V-twin
Mechanical oil pump COLORS
Electric lighting option CAPACITY 35cu. in. Olive Green. CAPACITY 61cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS
1923 MODEL J
Two-cam eight-valve racer
Two-cam F-head racer
J/JS Four-valve racer ENGINE F-head V-twin
RACING MODELS A small number of modified Last year of W Series sport twins, with CAPACITY 61cu. in.
V-twins also produced production figures only in the
Two-cam eight-valve racer MODEL VARIATIONS
Two-cam F-head racer hundreds. Harley factory race team is
COLORS disbanded. JD model is best-seller, J/JE/JES
Olive Green. Only year of Olive
Green crankcases. with figures of over 7,000. First year of
hinged rear mudguard on big-twins. MODEL FD
MODEL W
1922
CAPACITY 74cu. in.
flathead twin MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 35.64cu. in. (584.03cc) FD/FDS/FDCA/FDSCA
1920 EIGHT-VALVE RACER Model CD commercial single
discontinued at the end of this year. MODEL VARIATIONS
A small number of modified Harley-Davidson output picks up MODEL JD
W/WF/WJ
V-twins also produced again after national economic slump ENGINE F-head V-twin
of 1921 which saw sales drop by
COLORS MODEL F CAPACITY 74cu. in.
Olive Green. 60 percent and many other
motorcycle manufacturers go ENGINE F-head V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS
out of business.
CAPACITY 61cu. in. JD/JDS/JDCA/JDSCA
1921 MODEL CD
MODEL VARIATIONS
F/FS
RACING MODELS
Two-cam eight-valve racer
First year for 37cu. in. CD CAPACITY 37cu. in. Two-cam F-head racer
commercial single model, using MODEL J COLORS
same chassis as (also new) 74cu. in. MODEL W Olive Green.
big-twin but minus one cylinder. ENGINE F-head V-twin
A Harley racer is the first bike to CAPACITY 61cu. in.
flathead twin
1925
win a race with an average speed
of over 100mph (161km/h). CAPACITY 35.64cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS
(584.03cc) J/JS
MODEL CD Last year that Harley outsources
MODEL VARIATIONS
ENGINE F-head single MODEL FD sidecar manufacture, the company
W/WF/WJ
CAPACITY 37cu. in. ENGINE F-head V-twin now deciding to build its own. First
export of Harleys to Japan. Revamp of
MODEL F CAPACITY 74cu. in. the big-twins, with major mechanical
MODEL W
ENGINE F-head V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS and design changes including Harleys
ENGINE Horizontally Opposed famous teardrop fuel tank. Despite the
Flathead Twin CAPACITY 61cu. in. FD/FDS decline in popularity of board-track
CAPACITY 35.64cu. in. (584.03cc) MODEL VARIATIONS racing, Joe Petrali secures a number of
MODEL JD notable victories on a Harley.
MODEL VARIATIONS J/JS
W/WF/WJ MODEL F
MODEL J CAPACITY 74cu. in.
MODEL F ENGINE F-head V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 61cu. in.
ENGINE F-head V-twin CAPACITY 61cu. in. JD, JDS
MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 61cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS RACING MODELS F/FE/FES
MODEL VARIATIONS F/FS Model T (V-twin racer)
F/FS Model S (Single racer) MODEL J
MODEL FD Two-cam eight-valve racer
Two-cam F-head racer ENGINE F-head V-twin
MODEL J ENGINE F-head V-twin CAPACITY 61cu. in.
A small number of modified
ENGINE F-head V-twin CAPACITY 74cu. in. V-twins also produced
MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 61cu. in. COLORS
MODEL VARIATIONS J/JE/JES
Brewster Green paint scheme.
MODEL VARIATIONS FD/FDS
J/JS MODEL FD
MODEL JD
1924
MODEL FD ENGINE F-head V-twin CAPACITY 74cu. in.
CAPACITY 74cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS
Generally a poor year for the
CAPACITY 74cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS company, which operates at a loss. FD/FDCB/FDSBS
MODEL VARIATIONS As a result, 1,500 employees are
JD/JDS
FD/FDS laid off. Aluminum alloy pistons MODEL JD
RACING MODELS used on some models for
this year only. ENGINE F-head V-twin
MODEL JD Two-cam eight-valve racer
CAPACITY 74cu. in.
Two-cam F-head racer MODEL F
Four-valve racer MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 74cu. in. ENGINE F-head V-twin
A small number of modified JD/JDCB/JDCBS
MODEL VARIATIONS V-twins also produced CAPACITY 61cu. in.
COLORS RACING MODELS
JD/JDS (Sidecar twins) MODEL VARIATIONS
Brewster Green paint scheme Two-cam eight-valve racer
RACING MODELS (including crankcases). F/FE/FES Two-cam F-head racer
NEW FEATURES RACING MODELS Two-cam eight-valve racer (61cu. in. hill-climbers)
Wider, lower frame Two-cam F-head racer Two-cam eight-valve racer
Cylindrical toolbox mounted Model S (21 cu. in. ohv single) Two-cam F-head racer
Two-cam F-head racer COLORS
on front fork Teardrop-style Olive Green. White or cream NEW FEATURES
streamlined tanks Two-cam eight-valve racer
available at extra cost on twins. Front brake
Iron alloy pistons
COLORS
COLORS Olive Green. A range of eight
Olive Green.
1928
colors available at extra cost
on twins.
1926 New high-performance JH and JDH
1929
models are roadgoing versions of the
1926 MODEL S RACER
Models A and B are Harleys new two-cam competition machines, using
flathead singles, with optional COLORS
a slimmer and lower chassis than the
overhead-valve units on models AA Olive Green. White or cream standard single-cam J and JD models. New model C single features a bigger
and BA. All roadgoing twins now available at extra cost on twins. engine. Also first year of model D 45
equipped with electrical lighting. First MODEL A cu. in. side-valve V-twin. Last year of
year of Harleys own-production ENGINE Flathead single AA and BA singles, models J, JD, F,
1927
sidecars. Over 9,000 JD models and FD, as well as eight-valve racers.
CAPACITY 21cu. in.
manufactured this year, making it the MODEL A
most popular Harley by far. MODEL VARIATIONS
A year of minimal change, with ENGINE Flathead single
MODEL A A; AA/AAE (ohv engine)
only minor detail modifications, CAPACITY 21cu. in.
ENGINE Flathead single though models AA and BA do
get Ricardo cylinder heads and MODEL B MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 21cu. in. a revised frame. ENGINE Flathead single A; AA (ohv engine)
MODEL A
A, AA (ohv engine) MODEL B
ENGINE Flathead single MODEL VARIATIONS
ENGINE Flathead single
MODEL B CAPACITY 21cu. in. B; BA/BAE (ohv engine)
CAPACITY 21cu. in.
ENGINE Flathead single MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL J MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 21cu. in. A; AA/AAE (ohv engine)
ENGINE F-head V-twin B/BA; BAF (ohv engine)
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL B CAPACITY 61cu. in.
B, BA (ohv engine) MODEL C
ENGINE Flathead single MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE Flathead single
CAPACITY 21cu. in. J/JS/JX/JXL/JH CAPACITY 30.5cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS
B; BA/BAE (ohv engine)
MODEL F MODEL D
ENGINE F-head V-twin ENGINE Flathead V-twin
MODEL J CAPACITY 61cu. in. CAPACITY 45cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS
1926 B PEASHOOTER CAPACITY 61cu. in.
F/FH/FS D/DL
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL F
J/JS MODEL JD MODEL J
ENGINE F-head V-twin ENGINE F-head V-twin
CAPACITY 61cu. in. MODEL F
CAPACITY 74cu. in. CAPACITY 61cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE F-head V-twin
F/FE/FES CAPACITY 61cu. in.
JD/JDH (two-cam)/JDX/JDXL/JDS J/JS/JXL/JH
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL J F/FK/FS MODEL F
CAPACITY 61cu. in. MODEL JD
CAPACITY 61cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS
J/JE/JES/JS CAPACITY 74cu. in.
F/FL/FS
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL FD JD/JDL/JDS 1928 JD
MODEL JD
CAPACITY 74cu. in. MODEL FD MODEL FD
CAPACITY 74cu. in.
FD/FDCB/FDSBS JD/JDH(two-cam)//JDF/JDXL/JDS
MODEL JD FD/FDL/FDS MODEL FD
FD/FDH/FDS
ENGINE F-head V-twin RACING MODELS ENGINE F-head V-twin
RACING MODELS
CAPACITY 74cu. in. Models S/SM/SA/SMA (21cu. in. CAPACITY 74cu. in.
ohv singles) Models S/SM/SA/SMA (21cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS Model T (V-twin) ohv singles) MODEL VARIATIONS
JD/JDCB/JDCBS/JDS Models FHAC/FHAD (61cu. in. Model T (V-twin) FD/FDH/FDL/FDS
hill-climbers) Model FHAC/FHAD
RACING MODELS
SA/SMA (21cu. in. ohv singles)
Model T (V-twin)
1931 MODEL V
ENGINE Flathead V-twin 1934
FHAC (61cu. in. racer)
Model B produced for export only this CAPACITY 74cu. in. Last year of model B and C singles.
FHAD (61cu. in. hill-climber) year. Last year of model D. Low New Art Deco styling touches added
Two-cam eight-valve racer production levels in post-crash slump. MODEL VARIATIONS to the bikes, including stylized
Two-cam F-head racer V/VS/VL/VC handlebars and motif and streamlined
NEW FEATURES
MODEL B taillights. Production rises to around
COLORS
Dual bullet headlights ENGINE Flathead Single Olive Green. A range of seven 10,000 bikes, almost tripling
Four-tube Pipe o Pan silencers colors available at extra cost. previous years output.
CAPACITY 21cu. in.
COLORS
Olive Green. A range of eight MODEL B
MODEL C
1933
colors available at extra cost
ENGINE Flathead single
on twins. ENGINE Flathead Single
CAPACITY 21cu. in.
CAPACITY 30.5cu. in.
Layoffs and reduced production in
1930
MODEL VARIATIONS 1932 mean little change in 1933. Joe MODEL C
C/CH/CMG/CC Petrali adds a note of optimism to the ENGINE Flathead single
gloom by winning the second of four
New flathead model V replaces F- CAPACITY 30.5cu. in.
MODEL D consecutive national hill-climbing
head big-twins, boasting magnesium- championships on a Harley. MODEL VARIATIONS
alloy pistons and Ricardo heads. ENGINE Flathead V-twin
He won six in total.
CAPACITY 45cu. in. C/CB
MODEL A MODEL B
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL R
ENGINE Flathead single ENGINE Flathead single
D/DL/DLD/DC/DS ENGINE Flathead V-twin
CAPACITY 45cu. in.
MODEL B MODEL V
MODEL C MODEL VARIATIONS
ENGINE Flathead V-twin
ENGINE Flathead single ENGINE Flathead single
CAPACITY 74cu. in. R/RL/RLD/RLDX/RLX/RS/RSX/RX
CAPACITY 21cu. in. CAPACITY 30.5cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL G SERVI-CAR
VVS/VL/VLM/VC/VSR/VMG/VMS ENGINE Flathead V-twin
B/BR; BAF (ohv engine) C/CB/CS
NEW FEATURES
CAPACITY 45cu. in.
Sunburst horn (all models
MODEL C except B) MODEL R
MODEL VARIATIONS
ENGINE Flathead single Schebler deluxe carburetor ENGINE Flathead V-twin
on twins G/GA/GD/GDT/GE
CAPACITY 30.5cu. in. CAPACITY 45cu. in.
COLORS
MODEL VARIATIONS Olive Green. A range of five MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL V
colors available at extra cost.
C/CM R/RL/RLD/RS/RE/RLE/RLDE ENGINE Flathead V-twin
CAPACITY 74cu. in.
MODEL D MODEL G SERVI-CAR
CAPACITY 45cu. in.
1932 ENGINE Flathead V-twin
CAPACITY 45cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS
V/VD/VLD/VDS/VFD/VFDS
New model R replaces model D. First NEW FEATURES
MODEL VARIATIONS year of three-wheeled model G MODEL VARIATIONS Airflow tail light
D/DL/DLD/DS Servi-Car. Model B produced for G/GA/GD/GDT/GE Diamond-shaped logo on tank
domestic market again. COLORS
MODEL V MODEL B MODEL V Singles in Silver and Red or
Olive Green and Black. Twins in
ENGINE Flathead V-twin ENGINE Flathead V-twin
ENGINE Flathead Single a range of six standard colors.
CAPACITY 21cu. in.
V/VS/VL/VLM/VC/VCM/VM/
VMS/VMG
MODEL C
ENGINE Flathead Single
V/VS/VL/VLD/VC/VE/VF/VFS/
VLE/VSE 1935
RACING MODELS CAPACITY 30.5cu. in. New 80cu. in. unit available for model
V, using same chassis as on 74cu. in.
Hill-Climber and other racers MODEL VARIATIONS
were made as one-off bikes model. Joe Petrali wins every round of
throughout the 1930s C/CC/CR/CS dirt-track championship.
MODEL R MODEL R
1933 VLE CAPACITY 45cu. in.
CAPACITY 45cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS NEW FEATURES MODEL VARIATIONS

Art Deco-style bird motif on R/RL/RLD/RLDR/RS/RSR
R/RL/RLD/RS tank (this year only)
1930 HILL-CLIMBER
Reverse gear optional on
NEW FEATURES MODEL G SERVI-CAR R models
Drop-center wheel rims Buddy seat debuts as accessory
Forged I beam forks ENGINE Flathead V-twin
COLORS Olive Green no
COLORS CAPACITY 45cu. in. longer standard color. Singles
Olive Green. A range of six and Model G in Silver and
colors available at extra cost MODEL VARIATIONS
Turquoise. Twins in a range of
on twins. G/GA/GD/GE five standard colors. 1935 RL
(model E & option on model V)

MODEL G SERVI-CAR Bullet and circle logo MODEL E MODEL VARIATIONS
(all models) ENGINE OHV V-twin W/WL/WLD/WLDR/WS/WLA
COLORS CAPACITY 61cu. in.
CAPACITY 45cu. in.
A range of five two-tone colors MODEL G SERVI-CAR
MODEL VARIATIONS as standard. MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE Flathead V-twin
G/GA/GD/GDT/GE EL/ES CAPACITY 45cu. in.
MODEL V
ENGINE Flathead V-twins
1937 MODEL U
MODEL VARIATIONS
G/GA/GD/GDT
CAPACITY 74cu. in. & 80cu. in. Revised flathead engines for new CAPACITY 74cu. in. & 80cu. in.
models W and U. All models restyled MODEL E
MODEL VARIATIONS to follow the look of the model E. MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE OHV V-twin
VD/VLD/VLDJ/VDS/VFD/VFDS Dry sump recirculating oil system U/UL/US/UMG (74cu. in.) CAPACITY 61cu. in.
(74cu. in.) now on all models. UH/ULH/UHS (80cu. in.)
VLDD/VDDS (80cu. in.) MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL W COLORS
NEW FEATURES A range of six colors as EL/ES
Constant-mesh three-speed ENGINE Flathead V-twin standard.
transmission on model R
New gearbox for models R and G
CAPACITY 45cu. in. MODEL U
Beehive tail light ENGINE Flathead V-twins
1939
MODEL VARIATIONS
COLORS W/WL/WLD/WLDR/WS/WSR CAPACITY 74cu. in. & 80cu. in.
A range of six two-tone colors
as standard. two optional MODEL VARIATIONS
colors available at extra cost. MODEL G SERVI-CAR Another year of modifications across
the ranges. Body of the Servi-Car is U/UL/US/UMG (74cu. in.)
ENGINE Flathead V-twin enlarged. First WLA Army model UH/ULH/UHS (80cu. in.)
CAPACITY 45cu. in. shipped to Fort Knox. NEW FEATURES
1936 MODEL VARIATIONS

G/GA/GD/GDT/GE
MODEL W
Chrome-plated tank nameplate
COLORS A range of five colors
as standard.
New 61cu. in. OHV Knucklehead
V-twin engine on new model E. Last CAPACITY 45cu. in.
MODEL E
year of model V flathead big-twins.
1941
ENGINE OHV V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL R CAPACITY 61cu. in. W/WL/WLD/WLDR/WS
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL G SERVI-CAR First year of new OHV 74 cu. in.
CAPACITY 45cu. in. model F. New model UA is army
E/EL/ES ENGINE Flathead V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS
version of model U flathead. Civilian
CAPACITY 45cu. in. bike production suspended during the
R/RL/RLD/RLDR/RS/RSR MODEL U year. Last year of 80cu. in. big-twins.
ENGINE Flathead V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL G SERVI-CAR CAPACITY 74cu. in. & 80cu. in. G/GA/GD/GDT/GE MODEL W
ENGINE Flathead V-twin ENGINE Flathead V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL E
U/UL/US/UMG (74cu. in.) ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS UH/ULH/UHS (80cu. in.) MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 61cu. in.
G/GA/GD/GDT/GE NEW FEATURES WL/WLS/WLD/WLDR/
Dry sump lubrication (now on MODEL VARIATIONS WR/WLA/WLC
all models)
MODEL E Instrument panel on fuel tank EL/ES
ENGINE OHV V-twin (as per 1936 model E)
COLORS MODEL U
CAPACITY 61cu. in.
A range of colors became ENGINE Flathead V-twins
MODEL VARIATIONS available as standard.
CAPACITY 74cu. in. & 80cu. in.
E/EL/ES
MODEL VARIATIONS
1938 U/UL/US/UMG (74cu. in.)

UH/ULH/UHS (80cu. in.)
NEW FEATURES
1941 WLD
MODEL G SERVI-CAR
Revisions to all models. All bikes ENGINE Flathead V-twin
ordered with an option package. Boat-tail taillight
Cats-eye instrument console CAPACITY 45cu. in.
Joe Petrali retires from racing.
COLORS
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL W A range of four colors as
1936 61EL standard. G/GA/GD/GDT
MODEL V CAPACITY 45cu. in. MODEL E

MODEL VARIATIONS
W/WL/WLD/WLDR/WS 1940 ENGINE OHV V-twin
CAPACITY 61cu. in.
First full production year of WLA, MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL G SERVI-CAR military version of model W. Tank
VD/VLD/VMG/VDS/VFD/VFDS badges chrome-plated across the range. E/EL/ES
(74cu. in.)
VLH/VHS/VFH/VFHS (80cu. in.) CAPACITY 45cu. in. MODEL W MODEL F
NEW FEATURES MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE Flathead V-twin ENGINE OHV V-twin
Dry sump lubrication (model E) CAPACITY 45cu. in.
G/GA/GD/GDT/GE CAPACITY 74cu. in.
Four-speed gearbox
MODEL VARIATIONS
F/FL/FS
MODEL F
ENGINE OHV V-twin 1944 MODEL VARIATIONS
G/GA
CAPACITY 74cu. in. Bulk of production again for the

MODEL U military, with only a very few bikes MODEL E
ENGINE Flathead V-twins MODEL VARIATIONS manufactured for civilians or ENGINE OHV V-twin
CAPACITY 74cu. in. & 80cu. in. F/FL/FS
the police.
CAPACITY 61cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL W MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL U
U/UL/US/UA (74cu. in.) ENGINE Flathead V-twin E/EL/ES
UH/ULH/UHS (80cu. in.) ENGINE Flathead V-twin
CAPACITY 45cu. in.
NEW FEATURES CAPACITY 74cu. in. MODEL F
Revised aircraft-style MODEL VARIATIONS
speedometer MODEL VARIATIONS WL/WLA/WLC/WSR ENGINE OHV V-twin
COLORS U/UL/US CAPACITY 74cu. in.
A range of five colors as MODEL G SERVI-CAR
standard. COLORS A range of five colors MODEL VARIATIONS
as standard. ENGINE Flathead V-twin
F/FL/FS
CAPACITY 45cu. in.
1942 1943
MODEL VARIATIONS
G/GA
MODEL U
First year of new shaft-drive model XA CAPACITY 74cu. in.
twin for military use only. Blackout Model WLA accounts for virtually all MODEL E
lights and other military modifications Harley production, with most sent MODEL VARIATIONS
ENGINE OHV V-twin
feature on WLA. Death of Walter abroad. Last year of XA. U/UL/US
Davidson, one the founding brothers CAPACITY 61cu. in.
COLORS Gray.
and President of the company. MODEL W MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL W ENGINE Flathead V-twin E/EL/ES
1946
ENGINE Flathead V-twin CAPACITY 45cu. in.
MODEL F
CAPACITY 45cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS WLA/WLC US Government sells off thousands of
CAPACITY 74 cu. in.
surplus WLAs, but WL model remains
WL/WLS/WLD/WLA/WLC
MODEL G SERVI-CAR MODEL VARIATIONS the most popular bike.
F/FL/FS
ENGINE Flathead V-twin MODEL W
CAPACITY 45cu. in. MODEL U ENGINE Flathead V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE Flathead V-twin CAPACITY 45cu. in.
G/GA CAPACITY 74cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS

MODEL VARIATIONS WL/WL-SP
MODEL XA
U/UL/US
ENGINE Flathead shaft-drive MODEL G SERVI-CAR
COLORS
1942 WLA opposed twin Gray or Silver. ENGINE Flathead V-twin
MODEL G SERVI-CAR
ENGINE Flathead V-twin MODEL E MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 45cu. in. G/GA
ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS CAPACITY 61cu. in. MODEL E
G/GA
MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL XA E/EL/ES 1944 U CAPACITY 61cu. in.
1945
ENGINE Flathead MODEL VARIATIONS
shaft-drive opposed twin MODEL F
E/EL/ES
CAPACITY 45cu. in. ENGINE OHV V-twin
CAPACITY 74cu. in. Civilian production resumes in MODEL F
November, with options packages now
MODEL VARIATIONS available once more. No chrome ENGINE OHV V-twin
F/FL/FS finishes on any models. CAPACITY 74cu. in.
MODEL W MODEL VARIATIONS

MODEL U F/FL/FS
1942 XA CAPACITY 45cu. in. MODEL U
CAPACITY 74cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE Flathead V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL E WL/WLA/WSR CAPACITY 74cu. in.
U/UL/US
ENGINE OHV V-twin
NEW FEATURES MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 61cu. in. MODEL G SERVI-CAR
Winged-face horn U/UL/US
COLORS COLORS
E/EL/ES/ELC Gray or Silver. CAPACITY 45cu. in. Gray or Flight Red.

WL/WLS/WR/WL-SP
MODEL E
ENGINE OHV V-twin 1951
Harley acquires rights to produce CAPACITY 61cu. in. Last year of model WL. Model S gets
German DKW 125cc machine. First
MODEL G SERVI-CAR telescopic forks and is known as the
year of Harleys model S lightweight. ENGINE Flathead V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS Tele-Glide S.
Last year of Knucklehead V-twin. CAPACITY 45cu. in. E/ES/EL/ELP/EP
New manufacturing plant opens on MODEL S
Capitol Drive, in Milwaukee. MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE Air-cooled two-
MODEL F
G/GA stroke single
MODEL S ENGINE OHV V-twin
CAPACITY 125cc
ENGINE Air-cooled two- MODEL E CAPACITY 74cu. in.
stroke single
ENGINE OHV V-twin MODEL W
CAPACITY 125cc MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 61cu. in. ENGINE Flathead V-twin
F/FL/FS/FP/FLP
MODEL W CAPACITY 45cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS NEW FEATURES
ENGINE Flathead V-twin E/EL/ES Hydraulic forks on models E & F MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 45cu. in. COLORS WL/WLA/WLS/WR/WRTT/
MODEL F Black only for single. Range of WL-SP
MODEL VARIATIONS four standard colors for twins,
ENGINE OHV V-twin
WL/WL-SP with one optional color. MODEL G SERVI-CAR
CAPACITY 74cu. in.
MODEL G SERVI-CAR MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 45cu. in.
CAPACITY 45cu. in.
F/FL/FS
MODEL U
G/GA
MODEL VARIATIONS Models FL, S, and EL are
ENGINE Flathead V-twin manufactured in largest quantities.
G/GA MODEL E
CAPACITY 74cu. in. Death of Arthur Davidson, last of the
original four founders. Safety bars ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL E MODEL VARIATIONS
optional on Hydra-Glides. CAPACITY 61cu. in.
ENGINE OHV V-twin U/UL/US
MODEL S MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 61cu. in. NEW FEATURES
Panhead engine EL/ELS
MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE Air-cooled two-
COLORS stroke single
E/EL/ES Range of four colors available MODEL F
as standard. CAPACITY 125cc
ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL F
MODEL W CAPACITY 74cu. in.
ENGINE OHV V-twin
1949
CAPACITY 74cu. in. ENGINE Flathead V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 45cu. in. FL/FLS
MODEL VARIATIONS
F/FL/FS Hydraulic front forks on models E and MODEL VARIATIONS
F big-twins give birth to the Hydra-
WL/WLA/WLS/WR/WL-SP
Glide name. Leading-link forks still
MODEL U
available as an option.
ENGINE Flathead V-twin MODEL G SERVI-CAR
CAPACITY 74cu. in.
MODEL S ENGINE Flathead V-twin
ENGINE Air-cooled two-
MODEL VARIATIONS stroke single CAPACITY 45cu. in.
U/UL/US CAPACITY 125cc MODEL VARIATIONS
NEW FEATURES G/GA 1951 74FL
Tombstone tail light MODEL W
New red ball Harley emblem NEW FEATURES
ENGINE Flathead V-twin MODEL E Redesigned harley script on
COLORS tank
Range of five colors now CAPACITY 45cu. in. ENGINE OHV V-twin
available again as standard. COLORS
MODEL VARIATIONS CAPACITY 61cu. in. Range of three colors and two
WL/WLS/WR/WL-SP extras for singles. Three
MODEL VARIATIONS
standard and three extras for
1948 E/ES/EL twins.
MODEL F
1952
New OHV Panhead engine with
hydraulic valve lifters for models ENGINE OHV V-twin
E and F big-twins. Last year of
CAPACITY 74cu. in.
model U flathead V-twin.
First year of new 45cu. in. flathead
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL S 1949 WR DIRT TRACK model K Sport. Last year of 61cu. in.
F/FL/FS/ model E, model S 125, and the few
MODEL G SERVI-CAR remaining model Ws. Last year that
stroke single NEW FEATURES
Redesigned cylinder heads on
special sidecar models are listed.
CAPACITY 125cc ENGINE Flathead V-twin
Panhead engine
MODEL S
CAPACITY 45cu. in.
MODEL W COLORS
MODEL VARIATIONS Range of four standard colors,
ENGINE Flathead V-twin stroke single
with four extras available for
CAPACITY 45cu. in. G/GA twins. CAPACITY 125cc
MODEL W MODEL G SERVI-CAR MODEL F COLORS

Range of seven solid colors as
ENGINE Flathead V-twin ENGINE Flathead V-twin ENGINE OHV V-twin standard. Two-tone
CAPACITY45 cu. in. combinations at extra cost.
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS
1956
WR/WLS G/GA FL/FLE/FLEF/FLF
NEW FEATURES
MODEL G SERVI-CAR MODEL K 55cu. in. engine on model KH
Dual exhaust system an option Last year of KH production bikes.
ENGINE Flathead V-twin ENGINE Flathead V-twin on model F Hydra-Glides Elvis Presley appears on the cover of
CAPACITY 45cu. in. CAPACITY 45cu. in. The Enthusiast magazine sitting on a
COLORS
Range of 15 solid and two-tone Harley-Davidson.
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS colors as standard.
G/GA K MODEL S
RACING MODELS
1955
MODEL K stroke single
ENGINE Flathead V-twin KK/KR/KRTT (racers)
CAPACITY 125cc
CAPACITY 45cu. in. MODEL F First year of Super Sport FLH and MODEL ST
MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE OHV V-twin FLHF models added to the Hydra-
Glide range. ENGINE Air-cooled two-
K stroke single
CAPACITY 74cu. in.
MODEL S CAPACITY 165cc
MODEL VARIATIONS
FL/FLE/FLEF/FLF stroke single MODEL VARIATIONS
NEW FEATURES CAPACITY 125cc ST/STU
New Stewart-Warner edge-
lighted speedometer on twins MODEL G SERVI-CAR
MODEL ST
COLORS ENGINE Flathead V-twin
Range of three colors with one ENGINE Air-cooled two-
extra for single, five colors with stroke single CAPACITY 45cu. in.
1952 K
three extra for twins. CAPACITY 165cc MODEL VARIATIONS
RACING MODELS MODEL VARIATIONS G/GA
1954
KR/KRTT ST/STU
MODEL KH
MODEL E ENGINE Flathead V-twin
ENGINE OHV V-twin In an attempt to improve
performance, new 55cu. in. flathead CAPACITY 55cu. in.
CAPACITY 61cu. in.
V-twin model KH replaces model K. MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS Model S returns with two-strokes now
KH/KHK
EL/ELS/ELF called Hummers. Old 45cu. in. unit
retained in racers. RACING MODELS
MODEL F MODEL S KHRTT (racer)
KR/KRTT (45cu. in. racers)
ENGINE OHV V-twin ENGINE Air-cooled two- 1955 ST
CAPACITY 74cu. in. stroke single
MODEL F
MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 125cc MODEL G SERVI-CAR ENGINE OHV V-twin
FL/FLS/FLF MODEL ST CAPACITY 74cu. in.
NEW FEATURES CAPACITY 45cu. in.
ENGINE Air-cooled two- MODEL VARIATIONS
45cu. in. unit construction
stroke single MODEL VARIATIONS FL/FLE/FLEF/FLF/FLH/FLHF
engine on model K
Optional foot shift on models E CAPACITY 165cc G/GA
and F (ELF and FLF) NEW FEATURES
Round taillight on Hummer
MODEL VARIATIONS
COLORS MODEL KH Victory camshaft on FLH
Range of three colors with one ST/STU
optional for singles, five colors ENGINE Flathead V-twin COLORS
with three optional for twins, Range of six solid colors
MODEL G SERVI-CAR CAPACITY 55cu. in. as standard. Metallic Green
and three colors with one
optional for model K. available at extra cost
ENGINE Flathead V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS on twins.
CAPACITY 45cu. in. KH/KHK
1953 MODEL VARIATIONS RACING MODELS
First year of ST, Harleys single now

G/GA KHRM/KHRM/KHRTT
KR/KRTT (45cu. in.) 1957
uprated to 165cc. Last year of MODEL KH First year of XL Sportster, based on
MODEL F model KH. It will go on to become the
model K. The Indian Motorcycle ENGINE Flathead V-twin
Company ceases trading, leaving ENGINE OHV V-twin longest-running model in motorcycle
CAPACITY 55cu. in. history. The model K series now
Harley-Davidson as the only major CAPACITY 74cu. in.
US manufacturer. MODEL VARIATIONS consists of racing bikes only.
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL ST KH MODEL S
FL/FLE/FLEF/FLF/FLH/FLHF
ENGINE Air-cooled two- RACING MODELS ENGINE Air-cooled two-
stroke single NEW FEATURES stroke single
KHRM (racer) Tank emblem with letter V and
CAPACITY 165cc KR/KRTT (45cu. in. racers) Harley-Davidson in script behind CAPACITY 125cc
MODEL ST MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS

ENGINE Air-cooled two- ST/STU XL/XLH/XLC/XLCH FL/FLF/FLH/FLHF
stroke single
RACING MODELS
CAPACITY 165cc MODEL G SERVI-CAR
XLRTT
MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 45cu. in.
ST/STU MODEL F
MODEL G SERVI-CAR G/GA CAPACITY 74cu. in.
MODEL XL MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 45cu. in.
ENGINE OHV V-twin FL/FLF/FLH/FLHF
MODEL VARIATIONS 1960 FLH DUO-GLIDE
G/GA CAPACITY 55cu. in. MODEL KR RACERS

MODEL KR RACERS
MODEL XL ENGINE Flathead V-twin
XL/XLH/XLC/XLCH CAPACITY 45cu. in.
ENGINE OHV V-twin CAPACITY 45cu. in.
RACING MODELS MODEL VARIATIONS
XLRTT KR/KRTT
KR/KRTT
NEW FEATURES
MODEL F Arrow-flight tank badge NEW FEATURES
165cc engine on models A and
ENGINE OHV V-twin COLORS BT
CAPACITY 74cu. in. Range of seven colors as
standard. COLORS
Range of colors as standard.
MODEL VARIATIONS Special paint finishes at extra
FL/FLF/FLH/FLHF cost.
NEW FEATURES
Rear shock absorbers on model 1960
1961
1957 XL SPORTSTER F, now dubbed the Duo-Glide
Harley-Davidson tries to entice
MODEL F MODEL KR RACERS scooter buyers with its new Topper
ENGINE OHV V-twin scooter. Model BT replaces ST with First year for Aermacchi-derived
ENGINE Flathead V-twin upgraded 165cc engine. Harley buys a
CAPACITY 74cu. in.
Sprint, last year for BT Super 10. Dual
CAPACITY 45cu. in. controlling stake in Italian small-bike exhaust optional on Duo-Glides.
MODEL VARIATIONS manufacturer, Aermacchi.
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL AH TOPPER
FL/FLF/FLH/FLHF
KR/KRTT MODEL A TOPPER
COLORS ENGINE Air-cooled two- stroke single
MODEL K RACERS Wide range of colors, all as stroke single
CAPACITY 165cc
ENGINE Flathead V-twins standard. CAPACITY 165cc
CAPACITY 45cu. in. & 55cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS
AH/AH
1959
MODEL VARIATIONS A/AU
Models KR/KRTT (45cu. in. MODEL BT SUPER 10
Flathead V-twins) MODEL BT SUPER 10
Model KHRTT (55cu. in. ENGINE Air-cooled two-
Flathead V-twin)
Last year of models S and ST. ENGINE Air-cooled two- stroke single
Also last year of XL in standard stroke single
NEW FEATURES Sportster form. CAPACITY 165cc
OHV V-twin unit construction CAPACITY 165cc
engine on XL MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL S MODEL VARIATIONS
New tank logo (designed by BT/BTU
Willie G. Davidson) has red ENGINE Air-cooled two- BT/BTU
Harley-Davidson script over stroke single
silver and red quadrants
CAPACITY 125cc
SPRINT
MODEL G SERVI-CAR
COLORS ENGINE Horizontal OHV
Range of seven colors as ENGINE Flathead V-twin four-stroke single
standard. MODEL ST
CAPACITY 45cu. in. CAPACITY 250cc
stroke single MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS
1958
CAPACITY 165cc G/GA C
MODEL VARIATIONS RACING MODELS
MODEL XL
Expanded XL range. Rear suspension ST/STU CRTT
on model F big-twins sees Harleys ENGINE OHV V-twin
first Duo-Glides. MODEL G SERVI-CAR CAPACITY 55cu. in. MODEL G SERVI-CAR
MODEL S ENGINE Flathead V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE Flathead V-twin
ENGINE Air-cooled two- CAPACITY 45cu. in. XLH/XLCH CAPACITY 45cu. in.
stroke single
MODEL VARIATIONS RACING MODELS MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 125cc
G/GA XLRTT G/GA
MODEL ST
MODEL XL MODEL F MODEL XL
stroke single ENGINE OHV V-twin ENGINE OHV V-twin ENGINE OHV V-twin
CAPACITY 165cc CAPACITY 55cu. in. CAPACITY 74cu. in. CAPACITY 55cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL XL

XLH/XLCH XLH/XLCH XLH/XLCH ENGINE OHV V-twin
RACING MODELS RACING MODELS RACING MODELS CAPACITY 55cu. in.
XLRTT XLRTT XLRTT MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL F XLH/XLCH
MODEL F MODEL F
ENGINE OHV V-twin ENGINE OHV V-twin ENGINE OHV V-twin RACING MODELS
CAPACITY 74cu. in. CAPACITY 74cu. in. CAPACITY 74cu. in. XLRTT
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL F

FL/FLF/FLH/FLHF FL/FLF/FLH/FLHF FL/FLF/FLH/FLHF
ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL KR RACERS CAPACITY 74cu. in.

MODEL KR RACERS MODEL KR RACERS
ENGINE Flathead V-twin ENGINE Flathead V-twin ENGINE Flathead V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 45cu. in. CAPACITY 45cu. in. CAPACITY 45cu. in. FL/FLF/FLH/FLHF

MODEL KR RACERS
KR/KRTT KR/KRTT KR/KRTT
NEW FEATURES NEW FEATURES NEW FEATURES
Revised tank emblem CAPACITY 45cu. in.
New circle and star tank emblem New 175cc single engine
Tombstone speedometer MODEL VARIATIONS
COLORS Range of colors as COLORS
featured on twins
standard. Special paint finishes Range of colors as standard. KR/KRTT
at extra cost. COLORS Special paint finishes available
Range of colors as standard. at extra cost. NEW FEATURES
Special paint finishes available Electric starter on model GE
at extra cost. Servi-Car
1962 1964 COLORS

Range of four colors as
1963
standard. Special paint finishes
Single range expanded to include at extra cost.
Last year of AU, restricted version of
175cc models. Last year of 165cc in
Topper. Last year of Duo-Glide. Servi-
BT range. Harley-Davidson buys
F models are biggest sellers this year. Car gets Harleys first electric starter.
60 percent stake in Tomahawk Boat
1965
Company for fiberglass components. Willie G. Davidson joins the Harley-
Davidson board. MODEL AH TOPPER
MODEL AH TOPPER ENGINE Air-cooled two-
MODEL AH TOPPER stroke single Electric starter on model F gives birth
stroke single ENGINE Air-cooled two- CAPACITY 165cc to the Electra Glide name. New
stroke single model M 50cc Italian bikes. Last year
CAPACITY 165cc MODEL VARIATIONS of Panhead engine, Topper scooter,
CAPACITY 165cc
MODEL VARIATIONS AH/AU and Scat and Pacer singles.
MODEL VARIATIONS
AH/AU MODEL M LEGGERO
AH/AU
MODEL B SINGLES stroke single
MODEL B SINGLES
ENGINE Air-cooled two- CAPACITY 50cc
stroke singles ENGINE Air-cooled two-
stroke single
CAPACITY 165cc & 175cc MODEL AH TOPPER
CAPACITY 175cc
MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE Air-cooled single
MODEL VARIATIONS 1964 AH TOPPER
BTU Pacer/BTF Ranger (165cc) CAPACITY 165cc
BT Pacer/BTH Scat(175cc) BT Pacer/BTU Pacer/BTH Scat
MODEL B SINGLES MODEL B SINGLE
SPRINT SPRINT ENGINE Air-cooled two- ENGINE Air-cooled two-
ENGINE Horizontal OHV ENGINE Horizontal OHV stroke single stroke single
four-stroke single four-stroke single
CAPACITY 175cc CAPACITY 175cc
CAPACITY 250cc CAPACITY 250cc
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS BT Pacer/BTH Scat
BT Pacer/BTU Pacer/BTH Scat
C/H C/H
RACING MODELS SPRINT SPRINT

RACING MODELS
CRTT ENGINE Horizontal OHV ENGINE Horizontal OHV
CRTT four-stroke single
four-stroke single
MODEL G SERVI-CAR CAPACITY 250cc CAPACITY 250cc
MODEL G SERVI-CAR
ENGINE Flathead V-twin ENGINE Flathead V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 45cu. in. CAPACITY 45cu. in. C/H C/H
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS RACING MODELS RACING MODELS

G/GA G/GA CRTT CRTT
MODEL XL MODEL XL MODEL GE SERVI-CAR MODEL GE SERVI-CAR

ENGINE OHV V-twin ENGINE OHV V-twin ENGINE Flathead V-twin ENGINE Flathead V-twin
CAPACITY 55cu. in. CAPACITY 55cu. in. CAPACITY 45cu. in. CAPACITY 45cu. in.
MODEL XL
ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL GE SERVI-CAR
MODEL XL
ENGINE OHV V-twin 1969
CAPACITY 55cu. in. CAPACITY 45cu. in. CAPACITY 55cu. in. American Machine and Foundry
Company (AMF) buys controlling
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS stake in Harley-Davidson. First year
MODEL XL
XLH/XLCH XLH/XLCH of 350cc Sprint.
ENGINE OHV V-twin
RACING MODELS CAPACITY 55cu. in. MODEL M
MODEL F
XLRTT
MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE Air-cooled two-
ENGINE OHV V-twin stroke singles
XLH/XLCH CAPACITY 74cu. in.
MODEL F CAPACITY 65cc & 125cc
ENGINE OHV V-twin RACING MODELS
CAPACITY 74cu. in. XLRTT
FLHB/FLHFB/FLB/FLFB M-65/M-65 Sport, M-125 Rapido
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL F COLORS
Black or blue on twins. SPRINT
FLHB/FLHFB/FLB/FLFB ENGINE OHV V-twin Other colors available ENGINE Horizontal OHV
CAPACITY 74cu. in. at extra cost. four-stroke single
MODEL KR RACERS
MODEL VARIATIONS CAPACITY 350cc
1968
FLHB/FLHFB/FLB/FLFB MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 45cu. in.
SS/ERS
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL KR RACERS
KR/KRTT ENGINE Flathead V-twin M model has 125cc version added. MODEL GE SERVI-CAR
Last year for 250cc Sprint. Cal
NEW FEATURES CAPACITY 45cu. in. ENGINE Flathead V-twin
Raybourn rides a KRTT to victory at
Electric starter on model F CAPACITY 45cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS Daytona 200. First year of no kick-
COLORS starter on Sportsters.
Range of colors as standard. KR/KRTT
Special paint finishes available NEW FEATURES MODEL M
at extra cost. Shovelhead engine for model F
Hexagonal tank badge ENGINE Air-cooled two-
stroke singles
COLORS
1966
Range of four colors as CAPACITY 65cc & 125cc
standard. Special paint finishes
at extra cost. MODEL VARIATIONS
First year of new Shovelhead OHV M-65/M-65 Sport,
engine, a revision of the Panhead M-125 Rapido 1969 GE SERVI-CAR
unit. Only year of Bobcat. Last year of
50cc in M series and US-made singles. 1967 SPRINT
ENGINE Horizontal OHV
MODEL XL
ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL M LEGGERO New version of model M added with
four-stroke single
larger-capacity engine. XLH model CAPACITY 55cu. in.
gets an electric starter. CAPACITY 250cc
stroke single MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 50cc MODEL M LEGGERO MODEL VARIATIONS
XLH/XLCH
MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE Air-cooled two- SS/H
stroke single MODEL F
M-50/M-50 Sport MODEL GE SERVI-CAR
CAPACITY 65cc ENGINE OHV V-twin
M-65/M-65 Sport CAPACITY 45cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS
SPRINT MODEL XL FLHB/FLHFB/FLB/FLFB
ENGINE Horizontal OHV ENGINE OHV V-twin NEW FEATURES

four-stroke single 350cc engine in Sprint
CAPACITY 55cu. in.
CAPACITY 250cc COLORS
1966 M-50 SPORT MODEL VARIATIONS Black, orange, or white on
MODEL VARIATIONS twins. Other colors available
XLH/XLCH at extra cost.
MODEL BTH BOBCAT SS/H
ENGINE Air-cooled two- RACING MODELS MODEL F
1970
stroke single CRTT ENGINE OHV V-twin
CAPACITY 175cc CAPACITY 74cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS First year of new 45cu. in. racer, the

SPRINT XR750, which goes on to be Harleys
FLHB/FLHFB/FLB/FLFB
ENGINE Horizontal OHV most successful racing bike. Also first
four-stroke single NEW FEATURES year of Shovelhead with alternator
125cc engine in M-Rapido rather than generator and the 100cc
CAPACITY 250cc Electric starter and restyled
Aermacchi Baja.
1967 CRTT instrument console on
MODEL VARIATIONS
Sportsters
MODEL M
C/H MODEL GE SERVI-CAR COLORS ENGINE Air-cooled two-stroke
RACING MODELS Black or orange on twins.
ENGINE Flathead V-twin singles
Other colors available at
CRTT CAPACITY 45cu. in. extra cost. CAPACITY 65cc, 100cc & 125cc
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL XR MODEL XRTT RACER MODEL VARIATIONS

M-65 legerro (65cc), MSR Baja ENGINE OHV V-twin ENGINE OHV V-twin XLH/XLCH
(100cc), MLS Rapido (125cc)
MODEL F
SPRINT ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL XL
four-stroke single ENGINE OHV V-twin CAPACITY 74cu. in.
CAPACITY 350cc CAPACITY 55cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS FLH/FLHF/FLP/FLPF
SS/ERS XLH/XLCH
MODEL FX
1972 XRTT
MODEL GE SERV-CAR MODEL F ENGINE OHV V-twin
ENGINE Flathead V-twin ENGINE OHV V-twin MODEL XL CAPACITY 74cu. in.
CAPACITY 74cu. in. ENGINE OHV V-twin NEW FEATURES
CAPACITY 45cu. in.
90cc single engine
MODEL VARIATIONS CAPACITY 61cu. in. 125cc single engine
MODEL XR FLH/FLHF/FLP/FLPF COLORS
MODEL VARIATIONS
ENGINE OHV V-twin White or blue.
XLH/XLCH
CAPACITY 45cu. in. MODEL FX
ENGINE OHV V-twin MODEL F
MODEL XL
ENGINE OHV V-twin
CAPACITY 74cu. in.
1974
CAPACITY 55cu. in. First year for 175cc singles and
MODEL VARIATIONS electric start Super Glide. Harley wins
MODEL VARIATIONS 250cc World Championship with
FLH/FLHF/FLP/FLPF
XLH/XLCH Aermacchi machine. Last year for
MODEL FX Sprint and 90cc bikes.
MODEL F ENGINE OHV V-twin TWO-STROKE SINGLES
ENGINE OHV V-twin
1971 FX CAPACITY 74cu. in. ENGINE Air-cooled two-
CAPACITY 74cu. in. stroke singles
NEW FEATURES
NEW FEATURES
MODEL VARIATIONS AMF logo now added to tank
Rectangular AMF/HD badge CAPACITY 90cc, 125cc,
COLORS and 175cc
FLH/FLHF/FLP/FLPF COLORS White or blueS.
White or blue. MODEL VARIATIONS
NEW FEATURES Shovelhead
unit now has alternator instead X-90/Z-90 (90cc)
125SS/125SX (125cc)
1973
of generator
1972
New racing V-twin for XR750 175SS/175SX (175cc)
COLORS
White or blue. SPRINT
Last year of model GE Servi-Car, with
First year for 61cu. in. Sportster and disc brakes added. New range of 90cc ENGINE Horizontal OHV
last year for Baja and Rapido singles. and 125cc singles introduced. four-stroke single
1971
AMF adds its name to tank logos CAPACITY 350cc
across the range. Harley enters into TWO-STROKE SINGLES
production of snowmobiles. MODEL VARIATIONS
First year of new FX Super Glide, stroke singles SS/SX
MODEL M
brainchild of Willie G. Davidson and CAPACITY 90cc & 125cc
Harleys first official custom bike. Last ENGINE Air-cooled two- MODEL XR
year of 55cu. in. Sportster and M-65. stroke singles MODEL VARIATIONS
ENGINE OHV V-twin
XLCH is the most popular CAPACITY 65cc, 100cc, X-90/Z-90 (90cc)
model this year. & 125cc 125SS/125SX (125cc) CAPACITY 45cu. in.
MODEL M MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL XL

SPRINT
ENGINE Air-cooled two- M-65 legerro/MC-65 Sportster ENGINE OHV V-twin
(65cc), MSR Baja (100cc) ENGINE Horizontal OHV
stroke singles four-stroke single
MLS Rapido (125cc) CAPACITY 61cu. in.
CAPACITY 65cc, 100cc, & 125cc CAPACITY 350cc
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS
SPRINT
MODEL VARIATIONS XLH/XLCH
M-65 legerro (65cc), MSR Baja SS/SX
four-stroke single
(100cc), MLS Rapido (125cc) MODEL F
CAPACITY 350cc
MODEL GE SERV-CAR ENGINE OHV V-twin
SPRINT
MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE Flathead V-twin CAPACITY 74cu. in.
four-stroke single
SS/SX/ERS CAPACITY 45cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 350cc MODEL GE SERV-CAR FL/FLH/FLHF
MODEL XR
MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE Flathead V-twin ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL FX
SS/SX/ERS CAPACITY 45cu. in. CAPACITY 45cu. in.
ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL GE SERV-CAR MODEL XR RACER MODEL XL CAPACITY 74cu. in.
ENGINE Flathead V-twin ENGINE OHV V-twin ENGINE OHV V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 45cu. in. CAPACITY 45cu. in. CAPACITY 61cu. in. FX/FXE
NEW FEATURES MODEL RR250 MODEL VARIATIONS NEW FEATURES

Electric starter now available 80cu. in. big-twin engine
on Super Glide (FXE) ENGINE Two-stroke twin XLH/XLCH/XLT/XLCR Dual disc front brakes on
Sportsters
COLORS CAPACITY 250cc
White, burgundy, black, or blue. MODEL F COLORS
ENGINE OHV V-twin Choice of nine standard colors.
CAPACITY 74cu. in.

FLH/FLHS 1979
First year for new 250cc two-stroke
singles. Chassis manufacture and final First year of new XLS roadster
1976 RR250 MODEL FX model, FXEF Fat Bobs, FLHC Electra
bike assembly moved to larger
ENGINE OHV V-twin Glide Classic, and FXS Low Rider
premises in York, Pennsylvania,
with engine manufacture kept
MODEL XRTT CAPACITY 74cu. in. with larger 80cu. in. engine. Last year
in Milwaukee. ENGINE OHV V-twin of XLCH.
MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 45cu. in. MODEL XR
TWO-STROKE SINGLES FX/FXE/FXS
ENGINE Air-cooled two- ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL XL NEW FEATURES
stroke singles Redesigned frame for new XLCR CAPACITY 45cu. in.
ENGINE OHV V-twin
CAPACITY 125cc, 175cc, COLORS
& 250cc CAPACITY 61cu. in. Choice of eight standard MODEL XL
colors.
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE OHV V-twin
125SS/125SX (125cc) XLH/XLCH (plus special CAPACITY 61cu. in.

Liberty editions)
1978
175SS/175SX (175cc)
250SS/250SX (250cc) MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL F XLH/XLCH/XLS
MODEL XR ENGINE OHV V-twin First year of new 80cu. in.
ENGINE OHV V-twin Shovelhead unit. Last year of MODEL F
CAPACITY 74cu. in.
CAPACITY 45cu. in. XLCR, XLT, and FX Super Glide. ENGINE OHV V-twins
MODEL VARIATIONS Harley ends its association with the CAPACITY 74cu. in. & 80cu. in.
MODEL XL FLH/FLH Liberty edition Aermacchi company.
MODEL VARIATIONS
ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL FX MODEL MX RACER
FLH/FLH(police)(74cu. in.)
CAPACITY 61cu. in. ENGINE Two-stroke single FLH/FLH(police)/FLHC (80cu. in.)
ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS CAPACITY 74cu. in. CAPACITY 250cc
MODEL FX
XLH/XLCH
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL XR ENGINE OHV V-twins
FX/FXE (plus Liberty editions) ENGINE OHV V-twin CAPACITY 74cu. in. & 80cu. in.
MODEL F
ENGINE OHV V-twin COLORS CAPACITY 45cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS
White, burgundy, black, orange,
CAPACITY 74cu. in. silver, brown, or blue. FX/FXE/FXS/FXEF (74cu. in.)
MODEL XL FX/FXS/FXEF (80cu. in.)
MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE OHV V-twin COLORS
1977
FL/FLH/FLHF CAPACITY 61cu. in. Choice of nine standard colors.
MODEL FX MODEL VARIATIONS
1980
First year of XLCR Caf Racer, FXS
ENGINE OHV V-twin XLH/XLH/XLCH/XLT/XLCR
Low Rider, and FLT. Only year of XLH (Anniversary edition)
CAPACITY 74cu. in. FLHS Electra Glide. Last year of
Harleys singles. Last year of 74cu. in. Shovelhead
MODEL VARIATIONS
unit. New models FLT Tour Glide,
FX/FXE TWO-STROKE SINGLES FXB Sturgis, FXWG Wide Glide, and
COLORS ENGINE Air-cooled two- XLH Hugger.
White, burgundy, black, stroke singles
or blue. CAPACITY 125cc, 175cc, & 250cc MODEL XR
ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS
1978 XLCR CAPACITY 45cu. in.
1976 125SS/125SX (125cc)

175SS/175SX (175cc)
250SS/250SX (250cc) MODEL F MODEL XL
Only year that the World ENGINE OHV V-twins ENGINE OHV V-twin
Championship-winning RR250 is MODEL MX RACER
CAPACITY 74cu. in. & 80cu. in. CAPACITY 61cu. in.
cataloged. Production rises to almost ENGINE Two-stroke single
50,000 bikes this year. MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 250cc
TWO-STROKE SINGLES FLH/FLH (Anniversary edition) XLH/XLS
MODEL XR FLH (80cu. in.)
stroke singles ENGINE OHV V-twin MODEL FLH
MODEL FX ENGINE OHV V-twins
CAPACITY 125cc, 175cc, & 250cc CAPACITY 45cu. in.
ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL XL MODEL VARIATIONS
125SS/125SX (125cc) ENGINE OHV V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS
175SS/175SX (175cc) FLH (74cu. in.)
250SS/250SX (250cc) CAPACITY 61cu. in. FX/FXE/FXS FLH/FLHS/FLHC (80cu. in.)
MODEL FLT
ENGINE OHV V-twin 1982 MODEL VARIATIONS
XLH/XLS/XLX-61/XR1000
MODEL VARIATIONS
FLH/FLHS/FLHX
CAPACITY 80cu. in. Despite streamlining of the company
resulting in a number of layoffs, new MODEL FLH
MODEL FX FXR and FXRS Super Glides ENGINE OHV V-twin
launched in exciting new era for the CAPACITY 80cu. in.
ENGINE OHV V-twins
company. Last year for Fat Bob, Low
CAPACITY 74cu. in. & Rider, and Sturgis. The Sportster MODEL VARIATIONS
80cu. in. celebrates its 25th anniversary, with FLH/FLHS
special editions released.
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL XR MODEL FLT
FXE/FXS (74cu. in.)
FXB/FXS/FXEF/FXWG ENGINE OHV V-twin 1984 FLHX
ENGINE OHV V-twin
(80cu. in.)
CAPACITY 80cu. in.
NEW FEATURES
CAPACITY 45cu. in. MODEL FLT
Rubber-mounted engine to MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE OHV V-twin
reduce vibration on FLT MODEL XL FLT/FLTC/FLHT/FLHTC (Evolution)
Five-speed gearbox on FLT ENGINE OHV V-twin
Belt final-drive on FXB CAPACITY 80cu. in.
CAPACITY 61cu. in. MODEL FX
COLORS MODEL VARIATIONS
Choice of eight standard ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS FLTC/FLHTC
colors. CAPACITY 80cu. in.
XLH/XLS, XLHA/XLSA
(Anniversary editions) MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL FX
FXE/FXSB/FXDG/FXWG ENGINE OHV V-twin
1981
MODEL FLH (Shovelhead)
ENGINE OHV V-twin MODEL FXR CAPACITY 80cu. in.
CAPACITY 80cu. in. ENGINE OHV V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS
Harley-Davidson management buys
company back from AMF. Advertising MODEL VARIATIONS CAPACITY 80cu. in. FXE/FXSB/FXWG
slogan is The Eagle Soars Alone. FLH/FLHS/FLHF
First year for 80cu. in. FXE Super MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL FXR
Glide, replacing 74cu. in. model. FXR/FXRS/FXRT
MODEL FLT ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL XR NEW FEATURES (Evolution)
ENGINE OHV V-twin
Aluminum disc rear wheel on
CAPACITY 80cu. in.
ENGINE OHV V-twin CAPACITY 80cu. in. FXDG
Belt final-drive on most models MODEL VARIATIONS
COLORS FXRS/FXRT/FXRP/FXRDG
FLT/FLTC Choice of nine standard colors.
MODEL XL
ENGINE OHV V-twin MODEL FX MODEL FXST
ENGINE OHV V-twin
1984
(Evolution)
MODEL VARIATIONS CAPACITY 80cu. in. CAPACITY 80cu. in.
XLH/XLS MODEL VARIATIONS NEW FEATURES
Last year of Shovelhead and first FXST Softail features rear
FXE/FXS/FXB/FXWG year of all-new V2 Evolution
MODEL FLH suspension hidden under frame
engine. New FXST Softail is an
ENGINE OHV V-twin MODEL FXR COLORS
update of hardtail bikes, with rear Choice of nine standard colors.
CAPACITY 80cu. in. ENGINE OHV V-twin suspension incorporated behind frame. [Some earlier bikes marked as
Only year of limited-edition FXRDG, having the Evolution engine
MODEL VARIATIONS CAPACITY 80cu. in. based on FXRS, with rear disc wheel. may well have used the
MODEL VARIATIONS Last year of XR1000. Sportsters switch Shovelhead unit.]
FLH/FLH (Heritage)/
FLHS/FLHC to single front disc brake.
FXR/FXRS
NEW FEATURES New frame on MODEL XL/XR
1985
MODEL FLT XL models with repositioned oil ENGINE OHV V-twin
ENGINE OHV V-twin tank and battery
CAPACITY 61cu. in.
CAPACITY 80cu. in. COLORS
Choice of 13 standard colors. First and only year for FXRC Low
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS Glide Custom as well as FXEF and
XLH/XLS/XLX-61/XR1000 FXSB Fat Bobs. Evolution engine now
FLT/FLTC
used across the big-twin range. Belt
1983
drive on most models.
MODEL FX
MODEL XL
ENGINE OHV V-twin
New model XR1000 sports bike based ENGINE OHV V-twin
CAPACITY 80cu. in.
on Sportster engine and XLH chassis. CAPACITY 61cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS Various new styles and models
released based on 80cu. in. engine, MODEL VARIATIONS
FXE/FXS/FXB/FXEF/FXWG
including FXSB Low Rider and FXDG XLH/XLS/XLX-61
NEW FEATURES with rear disc wheel. Harley Owners 1984 XR1000
FLH Heritage is returned Group (H.O.G.) formed.
to original styling with MODEL FLT
features such as leather MODEL FLH
MODEL XL/XR ENGINE OHV V-twin
saddlebags ENGINE OHV V-twin
ENGINE OHV V-twin (Shovelhead) CAPACITY 80cu. in.
COLORS
Choice of 12 standard colors. CAPACITY 61cu. in. CAPACITY 80cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS
1988
FLTC/FLHTC NEW FEATURES
883cc and 1100cc Evolution MODEL FLT
engines for Sportster range ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL FXWG
COLORS Larger 1200cc unit replaces 1100cc CAPACITY 80cu. in.
ENGINE OHV V-twin
Choice of seven standard engine in Sportster range. First year
CAPACITY 80cu. in. colors. Special anniversary MODEL VARIATIONS
of Springer Softail, deploying
editions of some models. leading-link forks. FLTC/FLTCU
MODEL FXR
ENGINE OHV V-twin MODEL XLH
1987
CAPACITY 80cu. in. ENGINE OHV V-twins
CAPACITY 883cc & 1200cc
MODEL VARIATIONS
FXRS/FXRT/FXRC Harley-Davidson floats on the stock MODEL VARIATIONS
market. First year of FLHS Electra XLH-883 (3 styles)/XLH-1200
MODEL FXS Glide Sport and FLSTC, with special
ENGINE OHV V-twin touring accessories. Super Glides get MODEL FLH
belt final drive. Harley celebrates 30th
CAPACITY 80cu. in. ENGINE OHV V-twin 1989 FLTC
anniversary of Sportster and renews
MODEL VARIATIONS contracts with police departments. CAPACITY 80cu. in.
MODEL FXR
FXST/FXSB/FXEF MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL XLH ENGINE OHV V-twin
COLORS FLHS/FLHTC
ENGINE OHV V-twins CAPACITY 80cu. in.
Choice of six standard colors.
CAPACITY 883cc & 1100cc MODEL FLT MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE OHV V-twin FXR/FXRS/FXRT/FXLR
1986 XLH-883 (3 styles)/XLH-1100 CAPACITY 80cu. in.

XLH-1100 (Anniversary edition) SOFTAILS
MODEL VARIATIONS
ENGINE OHV V-twin
Revamp of the Sportster range, with MODEL FLH FLTC
new 883cc and 1100cc Evolution CAPACITY 80cu. in.
engines. Special Liberty editions of MODEL FXR MODEL VARIATIONS
some models introduced, with special
ENGINE OHV V-twin FXST/FXSTC/FXSTS/FLST/
graphics. New FLST Heritage Softail
CAPACITY 80cu. in. FLSTC
in style of old Hydra-Glide, with wire-
spoked wheels and shrouds on front NEW FEATURES
MODEL VARIATIONS Ultra accessory package (with
forks. FXR reintroduces the Super
FXR/FXRS/FXRT/FXLR U designation) offers cruise
Glide name, with chain drive for control and music system
this year only.
SOFTAILS COLORS
MODEL XLH 1987 XLH-883
ENGINE OHV V-twin
Choice of 11 standard colors.
ENGINE OHV V-twins

ENGINE OHV V-twin CAPACITY 80cu. in.
1990
MODEL VARIATIONS FXST/FXSTC/FXSTS/FLST/
MODEL VARIATIONS
XLH-883 (3 styles)/XLH-1100 FLSTC
XLH-1100 (Liberty edition) FLHS/FLHTC First year of FLSTF Fat Boy, with
NEW FEATURES
1200cc Sportster engine disc wheels, dual exhaust system, and
MODEL FLH MODEL FLT Springer leading-link forks unique Harley styling. Self-canceling
return on the FXST turn signals now on all models.
ENGINE OHV V-twin ENGINE OHV V-twin
COLORS
CAPACITY 80cu. in. MODEL XLH
CAPACITY 80cu. in. Choice of 12 standard colors.
Some 85th anniversary models ENGINE OHV V-twins
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS also produced.
FLHTC CAPACITY 883cc & 1200cc
FLTC
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL FLT
1989
MODEL FXR XLH-883 (3 styles)/XLH-1200
ENGINE OHV V-twin
ENGINE OHV V-twin
CAPACITY 80cu. in. MODEL FLH
CAPACITY 80cu. in. New racing series begins based solely
MODEL VARIATIONS on the 883 Sportster. Ultra package
FLTC available for Electra Glide. CAPACITY 80 cu. in.
FXR/FXRS/FXRT/FXRD
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL FXR MODEL XLH
SOFTAILS FLHS/FLHTC/FLHTCU
ENGINE OHV V-twin ENGINE OHV V-twins
CAPACITY 80cu. in. ENGINE OHV V-twin CAPACITY 883cc & 1200cc MODEL FLT
MODEL VARIATIONS CAPACITY 80cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE OHV V-twin
FXR/FXRS/FXRT/FXRD MODEL VARIATIONS XLH-883 (3 styles)/XLH-1200 CAPACITY 80 cu. in.
FXST/FXSTC/FLST/FLSTC MODEL VARIATIONS

MODEL FXS MODEL FLH
NEW FEATURES FLTC/FLTCU/
Detachable windshield on FLHS
CAPACITY 80cu. in. CAPACITY 80cu. in. MODEL FXR
COLORS
MODEL VARIATIONS Choice of seven standard MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE OHV V-twin
colors. Anniversary editions of
FXST/FXSTC/FXWG/FLST some models. FLHS/FLHTC/FLHTCU CAPACITY 80 cu. in.
1992
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL FLH MODEL FXR
FXR/FXRS/FXRT/FXLR ENGINE OHV V-twin ENGINE OHV V-twin
First (and only) year of FXDB Dyna- CAPACITY 80cu. in. CAPACITY 80cu. in.
SOFTAILS Glide Daytona and FXDC Super
Dyna-Glide Custom. MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS
ENGINE OHV V-twin
FLHS/FLHTC/FLHTCU FXR/FXLR
CAPACITY 80 cu. in. MODEL XLH
MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE OHV V-twin MODEL FLT MODEL FXD
FXST/FXSTC/FXSTS/FLST/ CAPACITY 883cc & 1200cc ENGINE OHV V-twin ENGINE OHV V-twin
FLSTC/FLSTF CAPACITY 80cu. in.
NEW FEATURES
Disc wheels on FLSTF XLH-883 (3 styles)/XLH-1200 MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS
FXDL/FXDWG/FXDS
COLORS MODEL FLH FLTC/FLTCU
ENGINE OHV V-twin MODEL FXR SOFTAILS
ENGINE OHV V-twin
CAPACITY 80cu. in.
1991
FLHS/FLHTC/FLHTCU MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS
FXSTC/FXSTS/FLSTC/FLSTF/
First and only year of FXDB Dyna- MODEL FLT FXR/FXRS/FXLR FLSTN
Glide Sturgis, using new Dyna-Glide
ENGINE OHV V-twin COLORS
frame with rubber engine mountings. MODEL FXD Choice of five standard colors.
CAPACITY 80cu. in.
MODEL XLH ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 80cu. in.
ENGINE OHV V-twins
1995
FLTC/FLTCU
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL FXR FXDL/FXDWG
MODEL VARIATIONS
ENGINE OHV V-twin Harley-Davidsons first fuel-injected
XLH-883 (3 styles)/XLH-1200 SOFTAILS model, the FLHTCUI. Electra Glide
CAPACITY 80cu. in.
ENGINE OHV V-twin celebrates its 30th anniversary, with
MODEL FLH MODEL VARIATIONS some special editions produced. New
CAPACITY 80cu. in.
ENGINE OHV V-twin FXR/FXRS/FXRT/FXLR base models for both the Electra Glide
MODEL VARIATIONS and the Super Glide, plus a new Bad
CAPACITY 80 cu. in.
Boy with Springer forks.
MODEL FXD FXSTC/FXSTS/FLSTC/FLSTF/
MODEL VARIATIONS FLSTN
ENGINE OHV V-twin MODEL XLH
FLHS/FLHTC/FLHTCU COLORS
CAPACITY 80cu. in. ENGINE OHV V-twins
MODEL FLT MODEL VARIATIONS Special anniversary editions of CAPACITY 883cc & 1200cc
some models.
ENGINE OHV V-twin FXDB/FXDC MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 80 cu. in. XLH-883 (3 styles)/XLH-1200

SOFTAILS
1994
MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE OHV V-twin MODEL FLH
FLTC/FLTCU CAPACITY 80cu. in. ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS Last year of FXR models. First year of CAPACITY 80cu. in.
MODEL FXR
FXSTC/FXSTS/FLSTC/FLSTF FLHR Road King and FXDS MODEL VARIATIONS
ENGINE OHV V-twin Convertible, with detachable
NEW FEATURES Gold wheels saddlebags allowing it to convert from FLHR/FLHT/FLHTC/FLHTCU/
CAPACITY 80 cu. in. FLHTCUI (Anniversary edition)
and rear sprocket on FXDB
a tourer to a custom bike.
MODEL VARIATIONS COLORS
Wide choice of standard colors MODEL XLH MODEL FLT
FXR/FXRS/FXRT/FXLR available.
ENGINE OHV V-twins ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL FXD CAPACITY 80cu. in.
ENGINE OHV V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS
1993
MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 80cu. in. FLTC/FLTCU
XLH-883 (3 styles)/XLH-1200
SOFTAILS Harley buys a stake in Buell sports

MODEL FLH MODEL FXD
bike company. Return of the Wide ENGINE OHV V-twin
ENGINE OHV V-twin
Glide in the form of the new ENGINE OHV V-twin
CAPACITY 80cu. in. FXDWG. New FXDL Low Rider, also CAPACITY 80cu. in.
CAPACITY 80cu. in.
based on Dyna-Glide chassis. FLSTN MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS is limited-edition Nostalgia version MODEL VARIATIONS
FXSTC/FXSTS/FLSTC/FLSTF of Heritage Softail. FXD/FXDL/FXDWG/FXDS
FLHR/FLHTC/FLHTCU
NEW FEATURES MODEL XLH SOFTAILS
Dyna chassis with large section MODEL FLT
spine and vibration-isolating ENGINE OHV V-twin ENGINE OHV V-twin
rubber mounting system ENGINE OHV V-twin
CAPACITY 883cc & 1200cc CAPACITY 80cu. in.
Five-speed gearbox on CAPACITY 80cu. in.
Sportsters, some with belt drive MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS
COLORS XLH-883 (3 styles)/XLH-1200/ FXSTC/FXSTS/FXSTSB/FLSTC/
Choice of 11 standard colors. XLH-1200(anniversary model) FLTC/FLTCU FLSTF/FLSTN
NEW FEATURES MODEL FLH MODEL VARIATIONS SOFTAILS

Sequential port fuel-injection on
FLHTCUI ENGINE OHV V-twin FLHT/FLHTCI/FLHTCUI ENGINE OHV V-twin
Adjustable suspension on FLHT
models MODEL FXD
COLORS MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS
ENGINE OHV V-twin
Choice of 11 standard colors. FXST/FXSTS/FXSTC/FLSTS/
FLHR/FLHRI CAPACITY 80cu. in. FLSTF/FLSTC
MODEL VARIATIONS
1996
FXD/FXDL/FXDWG/FXDS
SOFTAILS
Revised Sportster range sees expanded ENGINE OHV V-twin
1200cc models including Custom and
Sport bikes. Custom has laced front CAPACITY 80cu. in.
wheel and disc rear wheel. Fuel
MODEL VARIATIONS
injection now on a number of 1997 FLHRI 1999 FLSTF FAT BOY
Electra Glide models. FXSTC/FXSTS/FLSTS/FLSTC/
FLSTF COLORS
MODEL XLH MODEL FLHT Wide range of standard colors.
COLORS
ENGINE OHV V-twins ENGINE OHV V-twin Wide range of standard colors.
CAPACITY 883cc & 1200cc CAPACITY 80cu. in.

2000
XLH-883 (2 styles)
XLH-1200/XLH-1200C/XLH-1200S
FLHT/FLHTC/FLHTCU/FLHTCUI
1999 Revised Softail range, with Twin Cam
engine introduced across the range in
MODEL FXD Introduction of Harleys largest ever
MODEL FLH engine, the Twin Cam 88 on Dyna a revised chassis. FXSTD is new
ENGINE OHV V-twin Softail model.
ENGINE OHV V-twin and FLH/T models. Increased engine
CAPACITY 80cu. in. displacement with increased bore
CAPACITY 80cu. in. MODEL XL/XLH
and shorter stroke create an estimated
MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE OHV V-twins
MODEL VARIATIONS 10 percent power increase over the
FXD/FXDL/FXDWG/FXDS Evolution. CAPACITY 883cc & 1200cc
FLHR/FLHRI
SOFTAILS MODEL XL/XLH MODEL VARIATIONS

MODEL FLHT
ENGINE OHV V-twin ENGINE OHV V-twins XL53C (883cc)
ENGINE OHV V-twin XLH-883/XLH-883 Hugger/
CAPACITY 80cu. in. CAPACITY 883cc & 1200cc XLH-883C
CAPACITY 80cu. in. XLH-1200/XLH-1200C/XLH-1200S
MODEL VARIATIONS
FLHT/FLHTC/FLHTCU/FLHTCUI
FXSTC/FXSTS/FLSTC/ XL53C (883cc) MODEL FLH
FLSTF/FLSTS XLH-883/XLH-883 Hugger/
XLH-883C ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL FXD COLORS XLH-1200/XLH-1200C/XLH-1200S CAPACITY 88cu. in.
Wide choice of standard colors.
ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL FLH MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 80cu. in.
FLHR/FLHRCI
ENGINE OHV V-twin
1998
MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 88cu. in. MODEL FLHT
FXD/FXDL/FXDWG/FXDS
SOFTAILS New Sportster Sport released with FLHR/FLHRCI CAPACITY 88cu. in.
chrome and silver finish and digital
ENGINE OHV V-twin single-fire ignition system. Rumors of MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 80cu. in. the release of Harleys new big-twin MODEL FLHT
FLHT/FLHTCUI/FLTRI/
engine after five years in development. ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL XLH CAPACITY 88cu. in. MODEL FXD
FXSTC/FXSTS/FXSTSB/FLSTC/
FLSTF/FLSTN ENGINE OHV V-twins MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE OHV V-twin
COLORS FLHT/FLHTCI/FLHTCUI CAPACITY 88 cu. in.
Choice of ten standard colors. CAPACITY 883cc & 1200cc

MODEL FXD
XLH-883 (2 styles) FXD/FXDX/FXDWG/FXDL
ENGINE OHV V-twin
1997
XLH-1200/XLH-1200C/
XLH-1200S CAPACITY 88cu. in. SOFTAILS
Very little change in model range, but MODEL FLH
FXD/FXDS/FXDWG/FXDL CAPACITY 88 cu. in.
new FLSTS Heritage Springer Softail ENGINE OHV V-twin
revisits late-1940s styling. CAPACITY 80 cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL XLH FXST/FXSTB/FXSTD/FXSTS/

MODEL VARIATIONS FLSTC/FLSTF
ENGINE OHV V-twins FLHR/FLHRCI NEW FEATURES Four-piston
CAPACITY 883cc & 1200cc caliper brakes on all models
MODEL FLHT Fully adjustable front and rear
MODEL VARIATIONS suspension on FXDX
ENGINE OHV V-twin
XLH-883 (2 styles) COLORS
XLH-1200/XLH-1200C/XLH-1200S CAPACITY 80cu. in. Wide range of standard colors.
1999 FXDS
2001 2002 2003 2004

Introduction of Super Glide Introduction of flat-track inspired New chassis and uprated engines for
T-Sport variant, effectively a Super 883R. Introduction of all-new 1130cc Centennial color schemes with special the Sportster range. CVO models use
Glide wih handlebar VRSCA V-Rod, one of the most paint and anniversary badges across bigger 95cu. in. (1550cc) and 103cu.
fairing and panniers. radical machines ever built by Harley- the range. in. (1690cc) engines.
Davidson. Features a completely new,
MODEL XL/XLH liquid-cooled, 60 V-twin engine in a
MODEL XL/XLH SPORTSTERS (XL)
ENGINE OHV V-twin cruiser-style chassis. Smaller bullet ENGINE OHV V-twin
ENGINE OHV V-twin
indicators used across the range. CAPACITY 883cc & 1200cc
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL XL/XLH MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS
XL53C (883cc) ENGINE OHV V-twin XL53C (883cc)
XLH-883/XLH-883 Hugger/ XLH-883/XLH-883 Hugger/ XL-883R XL883/XL883C/XL1200C/
CAPACITY 883cc & 1200cc XL-1200C/XL-1200S
XLH-883C XL1200R
XLH-1200/XLH-1200C/XLH-1200S MODEL VARIATIONS
XL53C (883cc) TOURERS (FL)
XLH-883/XLH-883 Hugger/ ENGINE OHV V-twin
XL-883R
XL-1200C/XL-1200S CAPACITY 88cu. in. (1450cc)
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL FLH
FLHR/FLHRC/FLHRS/FLHT/
ENGINE OHV V-twin FLHTC/FLHTC/FLHTCU
CAPACITY 88cu. in. 2003 XLH883R
2001 XLH-883
MODEL VARIATIONS
DYNAS (FXD)
FLHT/FLHTCUI/FLTRI ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL FLH MODEL FLH
CAPACITY 88cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS FXD/FXDL/FXDWG/FXDX
MODEL VARIATIONS
FLHR/FLHRCI
FLHR/FLHRCI SOFTAILS (ST)
MODEL FLHT ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL FLHT
ENGINE OHV V-twin CAPACITY 88cu. in. (1450cc)
ENGINE OHV V-twin
FLHTCUI
CAPACITY 88cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS FLSTC/FLSTF/FXST/FXSTB/
FXSTD/FXSTS
FLHT/FLHTCUI/FLTRI/ MODEL FXD (DYNAS) FLHTCUI
ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL FXD V-ROD
CAPACITY 88cu. in. MODEL FXD (DYNAS)
ENGINE OHV V-twin ENGINE DOHC V-twin
ENGINE OHV V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS CAPACITY 1130cc
FXD/FXDX/FXDWG/FXDL
FXD/FXDX/FXDWG/FXDL FXD/FXDX/FXDWG/FXDL/ VRSCDX/VRSCF
FXDXT
2005
SOFTAILS
ENGINE OHV V-twin
CAPACITY 88cu. in.
New Softail models and CVO
2002 FXDL
MODEL VARIATIONS versions of V-Rod, Fat Boy, and
Electra Glide.
FXST/FXSTB/FXSTDI/FXSTS/
2001 FXDX SOFTAILS FLSTFI/FLSTCI/FLSTS SPORTSTERS (XL)
V-ROD
SOFTAILS CAPACITY 88cu. in. ENGINE DOHC V-twin CAPACITY 883cc & 1200cc
ENGINE OHV V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS CAPACITY 1130cc MODEL VARIATIONS

CAPACITY 88cu. in. FXST/FXSTB/FXSTE/FXSTD/
MODEL VARIATIONS XL883/XL883C/883L/883R
FLSTF/FLSTC/FLSTS
XL1200C /XL1200R
MODEL VARIATIONS VRSCA
FXST/FXSTB/FXSTD/FXSTS/ TOURERS (FL)
FLSTC/FLSTF
ENGINE OHV V-twin
NEW FEATURES Four-piston
calliper brakes on all models CAPACITY 88cu. in. (1450cc)
Fully adjustable front and rear
suspension on FXDX MODEL VARIATIONS
COLORS FLHR/FLHRC/FLHRS/FLHT/
Wide range of standard colors. FLHTC/ FLHTCU/FLTR
2002 FSXTB 2003 VRSCA V-ROD
FXSTC/FXSTB/FXCWC/
DYNAS (FXD) MODEL VARIATIONS TOURERS (FL) FXCWFLSTB/FLSTN/FLSTF/
ENGINE OHV V-twin VRSCA/VRSCD/VRSCR ENGINE OHV V-twin FLSTC
CAPACITY 88cu. in. (1450cc) CAPACITY 96cu. in. (1584cc)

V-ROD
2007
ENGINE DOHC V-twin
FXD/FXDL/FXDW G/FXDX/FXDC FLHR/FLHRC/FLHX/FLHTR/
FLHT/FLHTC/FLHTCU CAPACITY 1250cc
SOFTAILS (ST) New 96-cu. in. (1584-cc) engine for MODEL VARIATIONS
Dyna, Softail and Touring models, DYNAS (FXD)
ENGINE OHV V-twin now all with 6-speed gearbox. V-Rod VRSCAW/ VRSCDX/VRSCF
ENGINE OHV V-twin
CAPACITY 88cu. in. (1450cc) capacity increases to 1250cc. 50th
anniversary Sportster. CAPACITY 96cu. in. (1584cc) TRI-GLIDE
MODEL VARIATIONS
FLSTC/FLSTSC/FLSTN/FLSTF/ SPORTSTERS (XL)
FXD/FXDB/FXDL/FXDC/FXDWG/ CAPACITY 103cu. in.
FXST/FXSTB/FXSTD/FXSTS ENGINE OHV V-twin
FXDL/FXDWC
CAPACITY 883cc & 1200cc MODEL VARIATIONS
V-ROD
MODEL VARIATIONS
SOFTAILS (ST) FLHTCUTG
ENGINE DOHC V-twin
XL883/XL883L/XL883R/XL883C/ ENGINE OHV V-twin
CAPACITY 1130cc MODEL CVO
XL50/XL1200L/XL1200R/XL1200C CAPACITY 96cu. in. (1584cc)
TOURERS (FL) MODEL VARIATIONS CAPACITY 110cu. in.
VRSCB/VRSCA
ENGINE OHV V-twin FXSTB/FXSRC/FLSTF/FLSTN/
MODEL VARIATIONS
FLSTC/FLSTSB/FXCW/FXCWC
CAPACITY 96cu. in. (1584cc) FXSTS/FXDF/FLTR/FLHTCU

FLHX/FLHR/FLHRS/FLHRC/
V-ROD
ENGINE DOHC V-twin
2010
Dyna range re-engineered with new FLHT/FLHTC/FLHTCU/FLHR
CAPACITY 1250cc
frame and a six-speed gearbox,
includes a 35th anniversary Super DYNAS (FXD) MODEL VARIATIONS
Detail changes across the range.
Glide. ENGINE OHV V-twin VRSCAW/VRSCD/VRSCDX
Police, Firefighter, and Shrine special
SPORTSTERS (XL) CAPACITY 96cu. in. (1584cc) editions available.
ENGINE OHV V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS SPORTSTERS (XL)
MODEL VARIATIONS
FXD/FXDB/FXDL/FXDC/FXDWG
2009 ENGINE OHV V-twin
SOFTAILS (ST) Tourers get a new frame, and there is
XL883/XL883L/XL883C/XL883R/ also a trike. MODEL VARIATIONS
XL1200C/XL1200R/XL1200L ENGINE OHV V-twin
SPORTSTERS (XL) XL883L/XL883N/Forty-Eight/
XL1200L/XL1200N/XL1200C/
TOURERS (FL) ENGINE OHV V-twin XR1200
MODEL VARIATIONS
ENGINE OHV V-twin CAPACITY 883cc & 1200cc
FXSTC/FLSTN/FLSTSC/FLSTC/
CAPACITY 88cu. in. (1450cc) FXST/FXSTB/FXSTD MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS
V-ROD XL883L/XL883N/XL883C/
FLHR/FLHRS/FLHRC/FLTR/ XL1200L/XL1200N/XL1200C/
FLHX/FLHT/FLHTC/FLHTCU ENGINE DOHC V-twin XR1200
CAPACITY 1250cc
DYNAS (FXD) TOURERS (FL)
ENGINE OHV V-twin
VRSCAW/VRSCX/VRSCDX/ CAPACITY 96cu. in. (1584cc)
VRSCD/VRSCDX 2010 XR1200X
FXD/FXDC/FXD35/FXDB/FXDL/ FLHR/FLHRC/FLHT/FLHTC/
2008
FXDWG FLHTCU/FLHX/FLTR TOURERS (FL)
ENGINE OHV V-twin
SOFTAILS (ST) DYNAS (FXD)
CAPACITY 96cu. in.(1584cc)
105th anniversary models, include the ENGINE OHV V-twin
ENGINE OHV V-twin
new, custom-look Rocker and Rocker MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 88cu. in. (1450cc) C Softail models. And Europe gets the CAPACITY 96cu. in. (1584cc)
FLHR/FLHRC/FLHTC/FLHTK/
XR1200.
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS FLHTCU/FLHX/FLTRX
FXST/FXSTB/FXSTS/FXSTS/ SPORTSTERS (XL) FXD/FXDB/FXDC/FXDF/FXDL
FXSTD/FLST/FLSTF/FLSTN/ DYNAS (FXD)
ENGINE OHV V-twin
FLSTSC/FLSTC
SOFTAILS (ST) ENGINE OHV V-twin
V-ROD ENGINE OHV V-twin CAPACITY 96cu. in.(1584cc)

MODEL VARIATIONS
ENGINE DOHC V-twin CAPACITY 96cu. in. (1584cc) MODEL VARIATIONS
XL883/XL883L/XL883C/XL1200L/
CAPACITY 1130cc XL1200R/XL1200C MODEL VARIATIONS FXD/FXDB/FXDC/FXDF/FXDWG
SOFTAILS (ST) MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS V-ROD

ENGINE OHV V-twin FXDB/FXDC/FXDF/FXDWG FLS/FLSTN/FLSTFB/FLSTF/ ENGINE DOHC V-twin
FLSTC/FLSTN/FXS
CAPACITY 96cu. in. (1584cc) CAPACITY 76.25cu. in. (1250cc)
SOFTAILS (ST)
MODEL VARIATIONS V-ROD MODEL VARIATIONS
ENGINE OHV V-twin
FXSTC/FXCWC/FLSTB/FLSTN/ ENGINE DOHC V-twin VRSCDX/VRSCF
FLSTSB/FLSTN/FLSTFB/FLSTF/
CAPACITY 1250cc
FLSTC MODEL VARIATIONS TRIKE
FXS/FXCWC/FLSTFB/FLSTF/ MODEL VARIATIONS
V-ROD ENGINE OHV V-twin
FLSTC/FLSTN/FLSTSB VRSCDX/VRSCF
ENGINE DOHC V-twin CAPACITY 103cu. in. (1690cc)
CAPACITY 1250cc V-ROD TRIKE MODEL VARIATIONS

ENGINE DOHC V-twin ENGINE OHV V-twin FLHTCUTG
MODEL VARIATIONS
CAPACITY 1250cc CAPACITY 103CU. IN.
VRSCAW/ VRSCDX/VRSCF
VRSCDX/VRSCF FLHTCUTG
TRI-GLIDE MODEL CVO

2010 VRSCDX
FLHTCUTG/FLHXXX FLTRX/FLHX/FLST/FLHT
TRI-GLIDE MODEL CVO
2013
ENGINE OHV V-twin
ENGINE OHV V-twin
CAPACITY 103cu. in.
CAPACITY 110cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS The company celebrates their 110th
MODEL VARIATIONS
FLHTCUTG/FLHXXX
anniversary with special detailing and
FLTRU/FLHTCU/FLHX/FLST graphics. The only significant new
model is the FXBSE Breakout,
MODEL CVO a custom-style Softail with CVO
2012
ENGINE OHV V-twin finishes and an 1802cc engine.
CAPACITY 110cu. in. SPORTSTERS (XL)
MODEL VARIATIONS New 103cu. in. (1690cc) engine on ENGINE OHV V-twin
FLST/FLHX/FLHTCU/FXDF Softail and Touring models, and most CAPACITY 883cc & 1200cc
Dynas. New Seventy Two Sportster.
MODEL VARIATIONS
SPORTSTERS (XL)
XL883L/XL883N/XL1200C/
2011 ENGINE OHV V-twin

XL1200X/XR1200V
TOURERS (FL)
The 2011 range included the new
MODEL VARIATIONS
"Super Low" Sportster 883 and ENGINE OHV V-twin
the Road Glide Ultra featuring XL883L/XL883N/XL1200V
Seventy Two/XL1200X Forty- CAPACITY 103cu. in. (1690cc) &
the 130cu. in. engine. Eight/XL1200C/XL1200N/ 110cu. in. (1802cc)
XR1200X
SPORTSTERS (XL) MODEL VARIATIONS
ENGINE OHV V-twin TOURERS (FL) FLHR/FLHRC/FLHX/FLTRX/

FLTRU/FLHTC/FLHTCU/FLHTK
CAPACITY 883cc & 1200cc ENGINE OHV V-twin
CAPACITY 96cu. in. (1584cc) DYNAS (FXD)
MODEL VARIATIONS
XL883L/XL883N/Forty-Eight/ MODEL VARIATIONS ENGINE OHV V-twin
XL1200L/XL1200N/XL1200C/ FLHR/FLHRC/FLHTC/FLHTCU/ CAPACITY 96cu. in. (1584cc) &
XR1200X FLHTK/FLHX/FLTRX/FLHTRU 103cu. in. (1690cc)
TOURERS (FL) DYNAS (FXD) MODEL VARIATIONS

ENGINE OHV V-twin FXDB/FXDC/FXDWG/FXDF/FLD
ENGINE OHV V-twin
SOFTAILS (ST)
MODEL VARIATIONS
FLHR/FLHRC/FLHTC/FLHTCU/
FLHTK/FLHX/FLTRU/FLTRX FXD/FXDB/FXDL/FXDC/FXDWG CAPACITY 103cu. in. (1690cc) &
110cu. in. (1802cc)
DYNAS (FXD) SOFTAILS (ST)
MODEL VARIATIONS
FLSTF/FLSTFB/FXS/FLSTN/
CAPACITY 96cu. in. (1584cc) CAPACITY 96cu. in. (1584cc) FLSTC/FLS/FXSBSE
Harley-Davidson Model Designations

Harley-Davidson introduced its lettering system in 1909 to differentiate H: More powerful engine (i.e. S: DESIGNATIONS
between models. No numbers are included, but up until 1916 the prefix 1959 XLH)
number was four fewer than the actual year (so 1912 models were S: (192630) 21cu. in. ohv racer
prefixed by the number 8) and from 1916 the year was used as the prefix I: DESIGNATIONS S: (194852) 125cc ts single
(so 1922 models were prefixed by 22). Some letters are placed first in I: Fuel injection (i.e. 1995
the designation to describe engine type, some are suffixes that add extra ST: (195359) 165cc ts single
FLHTCUI)
information about the engine, and others are purely descriptive. The S: Sport (i.e. FXS)
system doesnt really start to make sense until the 1920s, so no designations J: DESIGNATIONS
from before this date are included in this rough guide. S: Sidecar model (i.e. 1926 JDS)
J: (191529) 61cu. in. ioe twin
KEY TO ENGINE TYPE:
S: Softail
J: Magneto ignition flat-twin (i.e.
sv = side-valve ohv = overhead-valve T: DESIGNATIONS
1922 WJ)
ts = two-stroke ioe = inlet-over-exhaust
T: (1921) twin-cylinder racer
K: DESIGNATIONS
K: More powerful KH model (i.e. T: Touring version (i.e. 1978 XLT)
1956 KHK) TT: Road-race version of
K: (1952_53) 45cu. in. sv twin competition bike (i.e. XRTT)
L: DESIGNATIONS U: DESIGNATIONS
L: Higher compression engine (i.e. U: (193748) sv 74cu. in. twin
1936 EL) U: Restricted version (i.e. STU
Model A Peashooter and AU Topper)
M: DESIGNATIONS
U: Ultra accessory package
A: DESIGNATIONS E: DESIGNATIONS M: (196572) 50cc/65cc ts single
A: (192630) sv 21cu. in. E: (193652) 61cu. in. ohv twin N: DESIGNATIONS V: DESIGNATIONS
Peashooter single with magneto Knucklehead or Panhead V: (193036) sv 74cu. in. twin
N: Nostalgia (i.e. 1993 FLSTN)
A: (196065) ts 165cc A Topper E: Electric starting (i.e. 1974 FXE) V: (1994 ) dual overhead cam
scooter P: DESIGNATIONS
E: Police/Traffic Combination 61cu. in. twin for Superbike racing
A: Army version (i.e. 1942 WLA) engine (i.e. 1954 FLE) P: Police model (i.e. 1994 VR1000)
A: Ohv version of the A and B F: DESIGNATIONS R: DESIGNATIONS W: DESIGNATIONS

singles (i.e. 1926 AA and BA) R: (193236) 45cu. in. sv twin
F: (191425) ioe 61cu. in. W: (191923) sv 36cu. in. flat-twin
B: DESIGNATIONS magneto ignition twin R: Rubber-mounted engine on FX W: (1937-51) sv 45cu. in. twin
model (i.e. 1983 FXR)
B: (192628) sv 21cu. in. F: (194178) ohv 74cu. in. twin WG: Wide-Glide (i.e. 1980
Peashooter single with (note: since 1978 the F initial has R: Racing model (i.e. 1957 KR) FXWG)
battery ignition and lights also been used on 80cu. in. and
R: Race-derived model (i.e. 1984
88cu. in. engines) X: DESIGNATIONS
B: (195559) 125cc ts single XR1000)
Hummer F: Battery ignition flat twin (i.e. XL: (1957 ) 55/61/74cu. in. ohv
1922 WF) twin Sportster
BT: (196066) 165cc ts single
F: Footshift XA: (1944) 45cu. in. sv flat-twin
C: DESIGNATIONS for the US army
G: DESIGNATIONS
C: (192934) sv/ohv 30.5cu. in. X: Super Glide (i.e. 1971 FX)
single G: (193373) Servi-Car
Z: DESIGNATIONS
C: Custom/classic/cafe H: DESIGNATIONS
Z: (1973) 90cc ts single
CH: Magneto ignition Sportster H: Larger engine version of existing
C: Canadian army version (i.e. model (i.e. 1936 VH, 1955 KH)
1942 WLC)
D: DESIGNATIONS
D: (192931) sv 45cu. in. twin
D 74cu. in. version of J series (i.e.
1921 JD)
D: Dyna frame (i.e. FXDWG)
D: High-compression version (i.e.
1932 RLD)
XR1000 Sportster
DG: Disc Glide (i.e. FXDG)
Index D
Andres, Brad 122 Brando, Marlon 16
Arrow-flite tank emblem 17, 89 Buell 21, 173, 206
Art Deco styling 15 RR1000 (Battletwin) 17475
atmospheric inlet valve 28, 30 S2 (Thunderbolt) 17879
D model 62, 193, 194
X1 (Lightning) 18081
Davidson, Arthur 12, 197
XB9S (Lightning) 18485
Note: Models are listed both Davidson, Walter 11, 16, 190,
under their designation and XB9R (Firebolt) 18283
under their name. So, for
example, the AH Topper comes
under A as well as under T.
No models from the catalog
B Burgess silencer 78
196
Davidson William 12
Davidson, William G.
C
are included except for those B models, design of VR1000 windscreen
included in the text that
summarizes each year. Bobcat (BTH) 10405 177
Single 5051, 193, 194 design of XLCR 126
Pacer (BT) 104, 199, 200 C models, influence on design of FX
Peashooter 50, 52 CD 206 Super Glide 19, 92, 202
A
A models,
Scat 200
BA model 50, 193
Bad Boy 15051, 206
Baja 200, 201
CRTT 11011
Single 207, 209
caf racer 126, 203, 211
carburetor, float 29, 30
joins Harley board 200
Daytona
Dyna-Glide model 206
rally 21, 176, 201, 206, 211
A single 50, 193 Battle of the Twins race 131 carburetor, Schebler 30 200-mile race 12223
Topper (AH) 18, 10203, 199, Battle of the Twins racer 125 CB750 (Honda) 95 Depression, The Great 1415,
200 Battletwin, Buell 17475 chain drive 13, 205 192
AA model 50, 193 Bears racing series 177 Chann, Jimmy 73 designations, model 210
acetylene lighting 44, 190 belt drive 132, 192, 204 chopper bikes 19, 95, 211 dirt-track racing 14, 5253, 73,
advertising slogan 204 Berling magneto 191 Church, Gene 131 194
Aermacchi Company 18, 19, Bianchi, Alfredo 110 Clincher wheel rims 33, 34, Dixie magneto 191
104, 10607, 11112, 199,
201, 202, 203 Big-twins, OHV 7697 45, 46, 51
DKW Company 16, 10001,
Ala DOro 110 Big-twins, recent 14061 clutch, rear hub 29
104, 197
Baja 201, 202 BMW 56 Consolidated Manufacturing
Company 37 dressers 88
CRTT 11011 Board Racer 3233
board-track racing 14, 3233, Crocker 81 Ducati Monster 156
joint production with Harley-
Davidson 18, 19, 104, 203 192 customizing 16, 19, 158 Duo-Glide 17, 8889, 152, 199,
bobber 16, 211 CVO Softail Convertible 17071 200, 207
Sprint H 10203, 199, 201
aluminum alloy pistons 192 Bobcat 1045, 201 cylinder heads, Ricardo 46, 193, Dyna frame 148, 15859,
Booze Fighters, the 16 194 206, 211
AMF (American Metal
Foundries) 19, 20, 202, 204 Bosch magneto 30, 191
1915 KT Board Racer

INDEX 213
E G
G models,
E models,
G delivery vehicle 190
E 15, 79, 90, 195, 197
GE Servi-Car 59, 64, 7475,
EL 7879
202
ES 79
Gable, Clark 17
early bikes 2241
GoldWing (Honda) 145
Easy Rider 18, 92, 95, 158
Grand National Championship
Eight-valve engine 4849 73
Eight-Valve Racer 14, 4647, Greyhound Scenicruiser 83
191, 193
Electra Glide,
74FLHB 9091
FLHC 203
H
FLHS 14243, 203, 205
FLHX 9697
fuel-injection model 206, 207
introduction of 18
hardtail 15253, 211
Sport 205
Harley, William S. 12
Ultra Classic 20, 147 Knucklehead Engine Harley-Davidson,
see also Tour Glide advertising slogan 204
Electra Glide in Blue 18 Aermacchi association 18, 19,
F
electric, Low Rider 203 (FXS), 104, 203
lighting 13, 38, 193 206 (FXDL) Buell association see Buell
starter 18, 75, 90, 200, 201, Road King (FLHRI) 15051, emblem 13, 17, 20
202 206
F models, Owners Group (HOG)
emblem 13, 17, 20 Softail (FXST) 204 21, 191, 204
1915 Model F 3839, 193 see also Heritage Softail
engines, Henderson Company 14
74FHB 9091 Sturgis (FXB) 203
Eight-valve 4849 Heritage Springer Softail 152,
74FL 18, 8285, 195, Super Glide, 205, 206, 207
Evolution 21, 142, 14445,
197 FX 19, 203
204, 205 Hill Climber 13, 5455
74FLHB 9091 FXDX 15455
flathead 17, 193, 195 HOG (Harley Owners Group)
Convertible (FXDS) 206 FXE 204 21, 191, 204
flathead V-Twin 14, 6465,
191, 193, 194 Duo-Glide (FLH) 8889, 198, FXR 14849, 204, 205, 206 Hollister riot 16
207
fuel-injection 150, 206, 207 Tour Glide (FLT) 20, 14647, Honda
Dyna-Glide (FXDB) 206
inlet-over-exhaust 14, 31 203 CB750 95
Fat Bob (FXEF) 203, 204
Knucklehead 7883, 195, Wide Glide 15859, 203, 206 GoldWing 145
197 Fat Boy (FLSTF) 15253, 205
F-head V-twin engine 3637 rivals to Harley 18, 21, 106
Panhead 16, 84, 869, 197, FLF 84
factory race team 13, 46, 48, 191 Hopper, Dennis 18, 95
200 FLHC 203 see also Wrecking Crew Hugger 203
Shovelhead 18, 9497, 148, FLHS Road King 162-63 Fast Roadster 3435 Hummer 16, 198
201, 203 FLHS 14243, 203, 205 Fat Bob 203, 204 Hydra-Glide 16, 8485, 101,
single-cylinder 11, 14, 3031, FLHX 9697 Fat Boy 144, 15253, 205 197, 198
191, 192
FLHTCUI 206 fiberglass components 200 hydraulic valve-lifters 84, 197
Twin Cam 21, 154, 15657,
207, 209 FLSTC 205 Firebolt (Buell) 18283
two-stroke 16 FXDG 204 five-speed transmission,
see also small bikes FXRDG 204 introduction of 20, 132, 142
V-twin 13, 14, 3637, 190,
191, 192, 195, 209
Enthusiast, The 17, 198
Evo Sportster 13233
FXSTD 207
Heritage Softail (FLSTS) 152,
205, 207
Night Train(FXSTB) 16061
flathead single 17, 193, 195
flathead twin model W 191
flathead V-twin engine 6465,
191, 194
I
Indian,
Evolution engine 21, 96, 142, Nostalgia (FLSTN) 206 float carburetor 29, 30 Chief 87
14445, 160, 169, 204, 205 Low Glide Custom (FXRC) fuel injection 15051, 18081 Motorcycle Company 14, 17,
Excelsior Company 14, 31 204 206, 207 198
N-O-P
61E 15, 79, 80, 195, 197 Reiman, Roger 122
61EL 7879 Resweber, Carroll 122
61ES 79 Revolution engine
74FL 8283 see V-Rod
Night Rod Special 18667
engine 7883, 195, 197 Ricardo cylinder heads 46, 193,
Night Train 16061 194
Nostalgia Heritage Softail 206 Ricardo, Harry 46
Pacer 104, 200 Road King
L
Panhead engine 16, 84, 8689, FLHR 16263
197, 200 FLHRI 15051, 206
Peashooter 50, 52 Road-Race Championships
Petrali, Joe 15, 52, 54, 192, 194, 11415
Laconia 100-mile race 73 195 Roadster 203
Lambretta 102 plunger suspension 56
1941 Wld
Roeder, George 122
Langhorne 100-mile race 73 pocket valve 33, 37 Rogers Company 44, 191
leading-link suspension 211 police, use of Harleys by 14, 39, Rogers, Roy 17
Leonard, Joe 122 40, 7475, 85, 87
Roustabout 17
Liberty editions 205 Porsche 168
Prince 50 lighting, Power, Tyrone 17
Scout 65 acetylene 44, 190 Presley, Elvis 17, 198
Track Racer 49
inlet-over-exhaust engine 14, 31,
210
electric 13, 38, 193
Lightning (Buell X1) 18081
S
R
Lightning (Buell XB9S) 18485
innovations 4257 lightweight, Model S 197 S models,
International Trade Commission Loewy, Raymond 83 250SS 11213, 203
(ITC) 20 Low Glide Custom 204 250SX 112
R models,
Low Rider 203, 204, 206 Model S 191, 197, 198, 199
Model R 194
RL 6263 Racer 5253
J
J models,
M
RLD 62
RR1000 (Buell) 17475
RS 62
RR250 11415, 203
S 125 model 197
ST 10001, 198, 199
S2 (Buell Thunderbolt) 17879
Tele-Glide 197
JD 4041, 192, 193 Racer, WR 7273 Scat 200
M models,
JDH 193 Rapido 202 Schebler carburetor 30, 60
M-50 Sport 10809
JH 193 Rayborn, Cal 12425, 201 Scootaway transmission 102
M-65 202
Sidecar 4445 rear hub clutch 29 scooters 18, 10203, 199, 200
Model M 200, 201
JAP 52 rear suspension 17, 88, 118, 199
Maywood Speedway Park 21
Reagan, Ronald 20
McGill, Ron 177
magnesium alloy pistons 194
magneto ignition 13, 28, 30,
K
K models,
191
mechanical inlet valves 13
mechanical oil pumps 13, 38
Megaphone exhaust 110
Board Racer Mellow-tone silencer 84
(KT) 3233 military use of Harley-
Fast Roadster Davidsons see World War I;
(KR) 3435 World War II
KH 198 Model see under first letter of
KRTT 12223, 201 model designation
Model K Model No.1 2627
11819, 198 Model T Ford 12, 44
Sport 17, 197 mopeds 10809
Knievel, Evel 19, 12829 Morris alloy wheel 126
Knucklehead, MV Agusta 112 1941 Wld
INDEX 215
sequential-port fuel injection 150 sprung fork 12, 13 trademark, Harley 13, 20
Servi-Car 14, 7475, 194, 195, starter, electric 18, 75, 90, 200, Triumph 120
200, 202 201, 202 Twin Cam engine 21, 154,
Shovelhead engine 18, 9497, stock market flotation 18, 205 15657, 160, 169, 207, 209,
142, 201, 203, 204 Studebaker Avanti 83 211
side-valves 5875 Sturgis two-strokes 16
sidecars 4445, 102, 191, 192, Dyna-Glide 203, 204, 206 see also small bikes
193, 197 rally 15, 2021, 211
Silent Gray Fellow 2829, 190 Super Glide
single-cylinder engine 11, 14,
U-V
electric starter on 202
3031, 191, 192
FX1200 19
slogan, advertising 204
FX 9293, 203
small bikes 98115
FXDX 15455
snowmobile 202 U models,
FXE 204
Softails 21, 152, 160, 170, 204, flathead 197
FXR 14849, 204, 205, 206
207, 211 Navy 7071
Super Sport (FLH) 198 1941 Wld
Softail, Convertible CVO UA model 195
17071 Super 10 105
Ultra Classic Electra Glide 20,
Softail, Heritage Springer 152,
147
205, 206, 207
V models,
solid disc wheel 81, 152
T
VL 61 Wico magneto 73
Sparkling America colour
VLE 6061 Wide Glide 15859, 203, 206
scheme 93
speed-lined silencer 82 VR1000 168, 17677 Wild One, The 16
Sport, V2 Evolution engine Willowick Police Department 85
Tancrede, Babe 73
see Evolution engine Willys Jeep 5657
K, Model 197 Tele-Glide S 197
V-Rod 16469, 208 World War I 13, 44, 68, 191
Solo 6667 telescopic forks 16, 84, 118
engine 16869 World War II 16, 56, 68, 71,
sports bikes 17279 Terminator II 21, 153
V-twin engine 13, 14, 3637, 195, 196
Sportsters 11637 three-cylinder Harley 62 190, 191, 192, 195 Wrecking Crew, The 46
Springer Softail 205, 207 three-speed gearbox 13, 38, 100 valve-lifters, hydraulic 84, 197
Springsteen, Jay 19 three-wheel bike 7475, 194
Vespa 102
Sprint 10607, 199, 201, 202 Thunderbolt (Buell) 17879
Victory camshafts 89
Tomahawk fibreglass company
18, 200
Topper 18, 10203, 199, 200
Tour Glide 20, 14647, 203
VRSCA (V-Rod) 16667, 208
VRSCDX Night Rod Special
18667
Villa, Walter 11415
X-Y
X models,
see also Electra Glide
Hugger (XLH) 201, 203
Lightning (XI) 18087
Roadster (XLS) 203
W
W models,
Sportster (XL) 12021, 198,
199
X-8 single 28
XA 5657, 196
Army (WLA) 16, 56, 6869, XL883R 13637, 208
195, 196 XL1200S 13435
flat-twin 14 XLCH 202, 203
Model W 191, 192, 195, 197 XLCR 12627, 136, 203
Racer (WR) 7273 XLH883 13233
Sport Solo (WLD) 6667 XLT 203
WL 197 XR750 19, 12829, 136, 201
WLC 56, 68 XR1000 13031, 136, 204
XR1200X 13839
WLDR 66
XRTT 12425
WRTT 72
Yale 37
Wall Street Crash
see Depression, Great Yamaha 115
wet sump lubrication 57, 169 Road Warrior 169
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledgments Thanks to everyone at Dorling Kindersley. Special
Harley-Davidson is a legend. And that legend is gratitude to Mark Johnson Davies and most
built on the passion of the people involved in especially to Phil Hunt. You were very patient.
making, riding, racing, and fixing Harleys. Lots of Ill get the drinks in.
them offered advice, opinion, and encouragement in the Also everyone at Bike magazine who covered for me,
making of this book. These are just a few of them. especially Richard Fincher who is a believer. Thank you.
Everyone at the extraordinary Barber Vintage Motorsports This book is intended as an introduction to Harley-
Museum in Birmingham, Alabama. Especially George Davidson and its motorcycles. If you want more detailed
Barber, Jeff Ray, Brian Slark, Joe Bruton, and the super information, the work of Allan Girdler, Jerry Hatfield,
hospitable Lee Clark. (Ill get the grits next time.) Patrick and Rick Conner pointed me in the right direction.
Delli of the Harley-Davidson Riders Club UK, Steve This book is dedicated to the residents of Thornley Village,
Slocombe of VL Heaven, and John Warr and Martin County Durham, in memory of the walks in the Wild Woods.
Szlagowski of Warrs Harley-Davidson all provided advice and
support. Richard Rosenthal and Alan Seeley gave invaluable Dorling Kindersley would like to thank the following:
last-minute assistance and were recipients of bizarre late-night The Barber Vintage Motorsports Museum for being
telephone calls. Jeremy Pick of Harley-Davidson UK and Doug accommodating beyond belief; Simon Murrell for additional
Strange of the Antique Motorcycle Club of America both design assistance; Mariana Sonnenberg for additional picture
helped out. As did Gary Inman. research; Roy Bacon for casting an experienced eye over the
Dave King once again took superb photographs and was details; Rachael Parfitt for being queen courier; the
great company. knowledgeable folks on the Harley e-mail digest; and
Margaret McCormack for compiling the index.
Picture Credits
Dorling Kindersley would like to thank the following for allowing their bikes Foundation, New York: David Heald 71tr; Harley-Davidson Archives: 23, 3c,
to be photographed: 12bc, 12cb, 13tr, 1415, 15cr, 17tr, 24-25, 25ca, 2627, 30tr, 31br, 49tr, 81br, 116
17, 156tl, 156cl, 15657, 157br, 169tc, 169bc, 189c, 190bl; Hulton Getty: 13cb,
The Barber Vintage Motorsports Museum: pp.3233; 3435; 4647; 49; 5657;
15crb, 9899; MacGregor 14cb; Imperial War Museum: 16clb; Kobal Collection:
6263; 7071; 7273; 81; 9697; 10809; 11011; 11213; 11415; 12829;
American International Pictures 7677; Randy Leffingwell: The Solomon R.
17475; 17677
Guggenheim Foundation, New York 6, 7, 13br, 191tr, 211bl; Andrew Morland:
Steve Slocombe: pp.6061
20ca; Don Morley: 145tr; Mortons Motorcycle Media Ltd: 1213, 39tc, 64tl;
Rick Sasnett: pp.9091
Moviestore Collection: Columbia Pictures Corporation 1819; National Motor
Stanley M. Brock: p.94
Museum, Beaulieu: 4, 33tr, 73tr; Motoring Picture Library / National Motor
Jeremy Pick at Harley-Davidson UK: pp.13435; 13637; 15253; 15859;
Museum: 16-17c; Rex Features: Simon Webster 23; Frank Spooner Pictures:
16061; 16667; 18283; 18485
Liaison/R. Rotolo 20cb; Tony Stone Images: Ralf Schultheiss 1011; Oli Tennent
Dave Griffiths: pp.9293
17273; Nicholas De Vore 14041; Garry Stuart: 5c, 6465, 8081, 8687,
Tony Dowden: pp.7475; 9697
9495, 14445; Vin Mag Archive: 17c, 18cl; Columbia Pictures Corporation
Warrs Harley-Davidson: pp.10203; 12627; 15455; 18081
18tc; Yamaha UK: 169bc.
Harley-Davidson Motor Company India Pvt. Ltd.: 138-39; 186-87; 209; 210
Harley-Davidson is a Trademark Owned by H-D USA, LLC. The Harley-Davidson
All photography by Dave King. Name and Model Names Featured in this Book are used for Descriptive
Purposes Only and Remain the Property of H-D USA, LLC.
The publisher would like to thank the following for their kind permission to
reproduce their photographs: All other images Dorling Kindersley
For further information see:
Key: a-above; b-below/bottom; c-center; f-far; l-left; r-right; t-top
www.dkimages.com
Alamy Images: Chuck Eckert 22ca; Allsport: Tony Duffy 19cra; American
Motorcycle Heritage Foundation: Motorcycle Hall of Fame Museum 4445, 45tr,
100101, 129tr, 191bc; Bike magazine: 16465; Corbis UK Ltd: Everett
Collection 21tl; Rick Friedman 22cb; UPI 4243, 55tc, 5859, 188189; Dorling
Kindersley: Alan Purvis 170-71; Michael Watson 162-63; Ronald Grant
Archive: Columbia Pictures Corporation 95tr; The Solomon R. Guggenheim

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ULTIMATE

Side-Valves Sportsters V-Rod

Post-War Small Bikes CHAPTER SEVEN 140163

The Harleys of the Barber Vintage Motorsports

1998 ROAD KING

The story of Harley-Davidson is enthralling.

THE ENDURING APPEAL OF

1903 to 1919 amusement, it had to be

The Founding Fathers Arthur Davidson,

Harley-Davidson Over 200 Harley- Harley-Davidson

74cu. in. FD Harley Harley workforce Ricardo

Though the general economic climate had improved by the

The Victorious 1920 Harley-Davidson Factory Race Team

simply, Harley-Davidson didnt have to humor its

Series G Servi-Car First rally to be Boat-tail tail

1940 to 1959 California, and indulged in some exuberant behavior. This

Walter Davidson World War II Harley given

Premiere of the First year of Arrow-flite

1960 to 1979 Peter Fonda and Dennis

Harley buys stake in 74cu. in. Cal Rayborn wins

twin engine and frame with the front end of a Sportster to

Harleys lowest point

Evel Knievel Prepares for

that Harley-Davidson needed a heavyweight partner. In

Rear disc brakes Jay Springsteen Harleys share

80cu. in. FLT Only year for

For Harley-Davidson, it was an astonishing recovery. In

The Harley family

2004 to 2013 brand by producing more conventional sporting

New chassis 35th

THE EARLY BIKES 1903 1929

1905 SINGLE CYLINDER

Early internal combustion engines

Early Bike Brother

1905 Model No.1 Rod linkage

1905 MODEL NO.1

1912 Silent Gray Fellow

Loop frame curves under

Sloping frame tube allowed

Efficient muffler Clutch

Vertical fins on the cylinder Throttle

Iron barrel and

1915 KT Board Racer SPECIFICATIONS

H ARLEY-DAVIDSON did not participate in team racing until 1914,

Pedaling forward starts Window in the

1915 KT BOARD RACER

Cutouts in the fuel Dropped

Maywood Speedway Park, 1915

Springs for the

1915 KR Fast Roadster

The Fast Roadster had

ENGINE Inlet-over-exhaust, V-twin

Renault Gray was

Primary drive cover protected

Inlet pushrod Carburetor manifold Cylinder head was

Cast-iron was used for

Bulge in the timing F-HEAD SET-UP

The V-twin opened up Connecting rod

Rear license- Parcel rack Rear mudguard

Oil breather pipe

Oil tank is incorporated into

Front license plate;

Footboards were introduced from

replaced them with side-valve machines in 1930, many riders