Modules 30 & 31 Studyguide

1. Emotionally charged interactions between a therapist and someone suffering from a psycho-
logical difficulty is called a(n):
A) delusion of grandeur.
B) psychotherapy.
C) token economy.
D) transference.

2. A therapist who uses various forms of therapy is said to be:

A) behavioral.
B) eclectic.
C) indecisive.
D) psychodynamic.

3. A central therapeutic technique of psychoanalysis is:

A) active listening.
B) free association.
C) observational learning.
D) systematic desensitization.

4. During psychotherapy, Kent would begin to stutter whenever he began discussing personally
sensitive thoughts. Sigmund Freud would have been likely to interpret this stuttering as:
A) aversive conditioning.
B) resistance.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) transference.

5. A therapist asks you to say the first word that comes to mind when you hear a list of random
nouns. Tthe therapist is using a type of:
A) classical conditioning.
B) free association.
C) operant reinforcement.
D) semantic counterconditioning.

6. Which of the following is a common criticism of psychoanalysis?

A) Carl Rogers, the founder of psychoanalysis, was unscientific in his data collection.
B) It relies too heavily on complex physiological information about the brain.
C) The expense and time involved limit it to the wealthy.
D) The rewards and punishments used in these therapies are degrading.

7. Transference refers to a client's:

A) conversion of psychological conflicts into physical and behavioral disorders.
B) expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier life relationships.
C) replacement of self-centeredness with a genuine concern for others.
D) translation of threatening dream content into nonthreatening manifest symbols.

8. Sylvia has begun to buy small gifts for her therapist and she feels extremely jealous of the
time he spends with his other patients. To a psychoanalyst, this is most indicative of:
A) free association.
B) therapeutic touch.
C) transference.
D) unconditional positive regard.

9. Which of the following types of therapies is considered humanistic?

A) client-centered therapy
B) eclectic
C) psychodynamic therapy
D) systematic desensitization

10. An important feature of client-centered therapy is:

A) active listening.
B) interpretation.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) transference.

11. Carl Rogers is best known for his work with which of the following types of therapies?
A) behavioral
B) free association
C) humanistic
D) touch therapy
12. During a marriage counseling session with Mr. and Mrs. Armstrong, the therapist suggested
that before responding to the other person's comment each partner should restate the com-
ment exactly. The therapist was applying a technique most closely associated with:
A) client-centered therapy.
B) cognitive-behavior therapy.
C) psychoanalysis.
D) systematic desensitization.

13. Dr. Downing usually spends most of her time with patients asking them to paraphrase and
clarify their feelings. Which of the following types of therapy is Dr. Downing most likely
using?
A) client-centered therapy.
B) cognitive-behavior therapy.
C) psychoanalysis.
D) systematic desensitization.

14. Which of the following techniques did Carl Rogers include as an important part of client-
centered therapy?
A) self-serving bias
B) token economies
C) transference
D) unconditional positive regard

15. Behavior therapies can be divided into what two main categories?
A) client-centered and therapist-centered
B) cognitive and behavioral conditioning techniques
C) operant and classical conditioning techniques
D) transference and resistance techniques

16. Which of the following is the best description of systematic desensitization?

A) a disorder involving highly developed systems of behaviors, or compulsions
B) a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior
C) associating a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli
D) continuously presenting a patients with the object of their phobias until their fear subsides

17. Which of the following is a technique used in systematic desensitization?

A) aversive conditioning
B) flooding
C) free association
D) progressive relaxation

18. Systematic desensitization is a form of:

A) biomedical therapy.
B) cognitive therapy.
C) counterconditioning.
D) humanistic therapy.

19. Which of the following techniques would behavior therapists most likely use to help people
overcome a fear of flying?
A) a token economy
B) aversive conditioning
C) systematic desensitization
D) transference

20. A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state or feeling with an unwanted
behavior is called:
A) aversive conditioning.
B) free association.
C) progressive relaxation.
D) systematic desensitization.

21. Treatment programs in which alcoholic clients consume alcohol that contains a nausea-
producing drug are using a technique known as:
A) aversive conditioning.
B) free association.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) transference.

22. To help Jill quit smoking, a therapist delivers an electric shock to Jill's arm each time she
smokes a cigarette. The therapist is using:
A) aversive conditioning.
B) cognitive therapy.
C) electroconvulsive therapy.
D) systematic desensitization.
23. A therapy that involves rewards for desired behaviors and withholding rewards because of
undesired behaviors is a type of ________ therapy.
A) classical conditioning
B) cognitive conditioning
C) operant conditioning
D) psychodynamic

24. Giving rewards in the form of tokens that can be exchanged for privileges or treats is called:
A) a token economy.
B) counterconditioning.
C) latent content.
D) systematic desensitization.

25. In one treatment for bed-wetting, the child sleeps on a liquid-sensitive pad that when wet
triggers an alarm and awakens the child. This treatment is a form of:
A) behavior therapy.
B) cognitive therapy.
C) humanistic therapy.
D) psychodynamic therapy.

26. The release of patients from mental hospitals to the community is called:
A) cognitive therapy.
B) deinstitutionalization.
C) free association.
D) token economies.

27. Which of the following treatments led most directly to deinstitutionalization?

A) drug therapies
B) hospitalization in a mental hospital
C) lobotomies
D) psychoanalysis

28. Deinstitutionalization is thought to have led to an increase in:

A) electroconvulsive therapy.
B) homelessness.
C) lobotomies.
D) psychoanalysis.
29. Melissa suffers from auditory hallucinations and falsely believes that her former high school
teachers are trying to kill her. Melissa's symptoms are most likely to be relieved by
________ drugs.
A) antianxiety
B) antidepressant
C) antipsychotic
D) electroconvulsive

30. Which drugs appear to produce therapeutic effects by blocking receptor sites for dopamine?
A) antianxiety drugs
B) antidepressant drugs
C) lithium drugs
D) antipsychotic drugs

31. The first antipsychotic drug developed was:

A) prozac.
B) risperdal.
C) thorazine.
D) valium.

32. The muscle tremors known as tardive dyskenesia are associated with long term use of:
A) prozac.
B) risperdal.
C) thorazine.
D) valium.

33. Which of the following neurotransmitters is affected by antianxiety drugs?

A) adrenalin
B) dopamine
C) GABA
D) insulin

34. Valium and librium are ________ drugs.

A) antianxiety
B) antidepressant
C) antipsychotic
D) psychosurgery
35. Prozac is an antidepressant drug that blocks the reabsorption and removal of:
A) acetylcholine.
B) chlorpromazine.
C) dopamine.
D) serotonin.

36. Valium would most likely be prescribed in order to help:

A) Cassius get rid of his suicidal thoughts and feelings of apathy and hopelessness.
B) Cynthia give up her irrational belief that her husband is a foreign government spy.
C) Jerome overcome feelings of nervous apprehension and an inability to relax.
D) Vlad discontinue his habit of smoking more than three packs of cigarettes a day.

37. Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from Prozac?
A) Andrea, who hears imaginary voices telling her that she will suffer a fatal accident
B) Jack, who has lost his sense of identity and wandered from his home to a distant city
C) Shannon, who feels helpless and apathetic and thinks her life is meaningless and worthless
D) Tami, who is so addicted to cigarettes that she now worries about her health

38. Wilma, a 45-year-old journalist, alternates between extreme sadness and lethargy and ex-
treme euphoria and overactivity. The drug most likely to prove beneficial to her is:
A) Clozaril.
B) lithium.
C) Thorazine.
D) Valium.

39. Which of the following statements is the best description of the process of electroconvulsive
therapy?
A) A brief current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.
B) A patient is asked to increase aerobic exercise (convulsions) in order to increase electrical
activity in the brain.
C) Doctors use drugs to enhance the electrical activity already in the brain.
D) Part of the frontal lobe is removed through electrical shock.

40. Electroconvulsive therapy has proven to be effective in the treatment of:

A) depression.
B) dissociative disorders.
C) phobias.
D) schizophrenia.

41. Studies show that electroconvulsive therapy helps about ___ of people with their depression.
A) 10%
B) 5%
C) 80%
D) 99%

42. The most serious side effect of electroconvulsive therapy is:

A) depression.
B) loss of emotional range.
C) memory disruption.
D) tardive dyskinesia.

43. If a person's depression doesn't respond to drug therapies, which of the following therapies
would most likely be used?
A) electroconvulsive therapy
B) lithium treatment
C) lobotomy
D) psychosurgery

44. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) shows greatest promise for the treat-
ment of:
A) alcoholism.
B) anxiety.
C) bulimia.
D) depression.

45. Electroconvulsive therapy is a controversial treatment technique because:

A) it doesn't seem to be effective in treating depression.
B) it involves destroying part of the brain, and some people claim it is overprescribed.
C) it is very expensive and can result in schizophrenia.
D) psychologists don't understand exactly why it works and it can cause memory disruption.

46. Psychosurgery involves:

A) injecting lithium directly into the limbic system.
B) passing an electric current through the entire brain.
C) prescribing massive doses of prozac or other drugs
D) removing or destroying brain tissue.

47. Which of the following is the most accurate description of a lobotomy?

A) Electricity is passed through the brain until permanent brain damage occurs in the parts of the
brain that control violence.
B) Lithium absorption is increased, leading to more passive behavior.
C) The dopamine supply to the brain is cut off, resulting in passive peaceful behavior.
D) The nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the deeper emotional centers are cut.

48. You read a biography of a person who went through mental health treatment in 1943 for ex-
tremely irrational and violent behavior. Which of the following treatments was most likely
used?
A) lobotomy
B) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
C) tardive dyskinesia treatment
D) thorazine treatment

49. During the 1940s and 1950s, lobotomies were most likely to be performed on psychologi-
cally disordered patients who were:
A) hopelessly depressed.
B) obsessively anxious.
C) suffering from personality disorders.
D) uncontrollably violent.

50. The negative side effects of lobotomies listed in the text include:
A) increased and rapid cycling of emotions from happiness to sadness.
B) lack of motivation and a tendency to stare into space for long periods.
C) memory disruptions.
D) violent psychoses.

Answer Key - Modules 30&31 SG

1. B
2. B
3. B
4. B
5. B
6. C
7. B
8. C
9. A
10. A
11. C
12. A
13. A
14. D
15. C
16. C
17. D
18. C
19. C
20. A
21. A
22. A
23. C
24. A
25. A
26. B
27. A
28. B
29. C
30. D
31. C
32. C
33. C
34. A
35. D
36. C
37. C
38. B
39. A
40. A
41. C
42. C
43. A
44. D
45. D
46. D
47. D
48. A
49. D
50. B