Ateneo de Naga University

College of Engineering
Electronics and Computer Engineering Department
Summer
S/Y 2014 2015
EPFEOO3LAB - DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS Engr. GILBERT DETERA
LABORATORY INSTRUCTOR

Name: ORGANIS, ZENAIDA D. Date Performed: April 12, 2015

Section: GEN1
Lab Activity Title: PULSE WIDTH MODULATION
Laboratory Activity No. : 2

OBJECTIVES
To be able to understand the PWM
To be able to recover the signal that is produce by PWM

MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

Emona TIMS301 Audio Oscillator
Digital Multimeter Adder
Connectors
Twin Pulse Generator
Utilities
Digital Oscilloscope

SAMPLING

Fig. 2: TIMS Model of PWM

PROCEDURE
1. Prepare the needed materials and read the activity.
2. Follow the TIMS Model shown in Fig 2.
3. Set the input frequency to 2 kHz from Master Signal and 8.3 kHz for clock signal.
4. Vary the variables that were set up. Observe the changes of the waveform and record
the data that will be collected.
 Ateneo de Naga University
College of Engineering
Electronics and Computer Engineering Department
Summer
S/Y 2014 2015
Pulse Width Modulation (Diagram)
Note: The terminal of voltmeter was reversed.
Message Input Output waveform
DC(V
)
2kHz -2.5V

2kHz -1.265V
 Ateneo de Naga University
College of Engineering
Electronics and Computer Engineering Department
Summer
S/Y 2014 2015
2kHz -
1.074

2kHz -
0.387V
 Ateneo de Naga University
College of Engineering
Electronics and Computer Engineering Department
Summer
S/Y 2014 2015
2kHz +2.5
V

TUNABLE LPF VARIATION

Waveform

Max
 Ateneo de Naga University
College of Engineering
Electronics and Computer Engineering Department
Summer
S/Y 2014 2015

Min

Table 3 Tune Variation

WIDTH IN TWIN PULSE VARIATION

Waveform

Max
 Ateneo de Naga University
College of Engineering
Electronics and Computer Engineering Department
Summer
S/Y 2014 2015

Min

TABLE 4Width Variation

Using Audio Oscillator instead of Master Signal

 Ateneo de Naga University
College of Engineering
Electronics and Computer Engineering Department
Summer
S/Y 2014 2015

ANALYSIS & CONCLUSION

In this activity, PWM, we used a frequency of 2 kHz message from master signal and varied the DC
voltage for the pulse width variation. In the data shown in this laboratory report, you will see the
differences with regards to every Pulse width of the waveform. In my observation, as we vary the
DC voltage, I noticed that when output voltage is at 0v, the output waveform is approximately 50%
duty cycle. When its at maximum or more than 0 volts, the duty cycle is less than 50%. When the
input is negative DC voltage, its greater than 50% PWM. Another is I also observed based on the
gathered data that to maintain the Pulse Width Modulation, the gain and the DC voltage must be
directly proportional with each other.
In conclusion, as the input voltage increases, the output pulses become narrower. While in negative
input, the pulse width modulation output pulses are wider than the pulse in case of zero input. In
demodulation process we simply add up a low pass filter to filter out the message to
recover the dc signal input.