APES Chapter 8-9 Study Guide Name: __________________________

Study Guides are due the day of the test. Answers will not be posted on either website. If you have questions about the
study guide ask them before the day of the test. Answers must be handwrittenno typing or copies.

1. About how far is the core below the surface of the earth? How about the Mantle?
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2. An earthquake with 5 on the Richter scale is how many times stronger than a quake with a 2? ___________
3. Considering we have the technology to desalinate sea water why is there still a freshwater shortage?
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4. Describe the asthenosphere.
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5. Describe the soil horizons (Including the E horizon)
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6. Describe the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977.
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7. Describe the theory of plate tectonics.
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8. Describe water issues between India and Bangladesh .
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9. Draw a labeled diagram of the rock cycle. Include how each of the rock types are formed. (Attach paper)
10. Draw a picture which includes a subduction zone, creation of new ocean floor, and the asthenosphere. (Attach
paper)
11. Explain how Coho Salmon might be harmed by the addition of a dam. Include how the dam might cause
temperature changes.
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12. Explain how the elements that make up the earth settled when the earth was formed. (In reference to density).
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13. How is soil porosity measured?
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14. How much water is required to raise a ton of grain? Beef? ___________________________________________
15. How old is the earth according to our text? __________________________
16. If a rock is composed of different minerals which react to temperature changes differently what will happen to
the rock when it freezes and thaws?
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17. If you were building a pond what type of soil would you line it with?
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18. List factors that determine damage caused by an earthquake. Does a higher magnitude always mean more
damage?
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19. The dirt that we walk on is which part of which layer of the earth? ____________________________________
20. Volcanoes are often found at plate boundaries. Are they associated with subduction, divergence, convergence or
seafloor spreading?
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21. What are magma convection currents? Where do they occur?
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22. What causes saltwater intrusion?
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23. What does a soil triangle measure? How does it work?
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24. What evidence did Alfred Wegener cite as support for the theory of continental drift?
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25. What is a cone of depression?
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26. What is a fish ladder?
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27. What is a hot spot? What causes them? Give an example.
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28. What is a mineral?
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29. What is an aqueduct?
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30. What is an aquifer? How is water stored in an aquifer?
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31. What is an artesian well?
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32. What is erosion and what causes it?
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33. What is gray water?
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34. What is hydroponics? Do hydroponically grown foods require more or less water than traditionally grown
vegetables?
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35. What is it called when an aquifer naturally percolates to the surface? __________________________________
36. What is strip mining?
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37. What is the difference between an oligotrophic and an eutrophic lake?
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38. What is the difference between chemical and physical weathering?
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39. What is the greatest percentage of household water used for? ________________________________________
40. What is the lithosphere? What is it composed of?
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41. What is the water table?
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42. What percent of the total water in the world is considered fresh water? ________________________________
43. Where/what is the Ogallala aquifer? Why is it unsustainable?
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44. Why are levees built? How do they impact water flow downstream of the levee?
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45. Why do we only find fossils in sedimentary rock?
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46. Why is reverse osmosis often preferred to distillation as a method of desalinization?
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47. Why is the core of the earth so hot?
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