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This document provides an overview of the finite element method (FEM) for structural analysis. It defines key concepts in FEM like discretization, nodes, elements, and shape functions. It also describes common applications of FEM, advantages and limitations, different types of elements classified by dimension, behavior and degree of freedom. Guidelines for discretization and the general steps in FEM are outlined. Properties of shape functions are defined.
This document provides an overview of the finite element method (FEM) for structural analysis. It defines key concepts in FEM like discretization, nodes, elements, and shape functions. It also describes common applications of FEM, advantages and limitations, different types of elements classified by dimension, behavior and degree of freedom. Guidelines for discretization and the general steps in FEM are outlined. Properties of shape functions are defined.
This document provides an overview of the finite element method (FEM) for structural analysis. It defines key concepts in FEM like discretization, nodes, elements, and shape functions. It also describes common applications of FEM, advantages and limitations, different types of elements classified by dimension, behavior and degree of freedom. Guidelines for discretization and the general steps in FEM are outlined. Properties of shape functions are defined.
By P.Sangeetha Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering SSN College of Engineering Unit-III FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Introduction Discretisation of a structure
Displacement functions Truss element Beam element Plane stress and plane strain - Triangular elements Finite Element Analysis (FEA) or Finite Element Method (FEM)
The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is a numerical
method for solving problems of engineering and mathematical physics. Useful for problems with complicated geometries, loadings, and material properties where analytical solutions can not be obtained. Common FEA Applications Mechanical/Aerospace/Civil/Automotive Engineering Structural/Stress Analysis Static/Dynamic Linear/Nonlinear Fluid Flow Heat Transfer Electromagnetic Fields Soil Mechanics Acoustics Biomechanics Advantage of FEA Disadvantage of FEA Limitations of FEA
Proper engineering judgement is to be
exercised to interpret results. It requires large computer memory and computational time to obtain intend results. Discretizations
Model body by dividing it into an equivalent
system of many smaller bodies or units (finite elements) interconnected at points common to two or more elements (nodes or nodal points) and/or boundary lines and/or surfaces. Node - a generalised joint - connection point at which equations are written - there are at most 6 unknowns (degrees of freedom) at a node (3 displacements, 3 rotations)
Element - connection between a group of nodes representing
stiffness or other properties approximately - interpolation of displacement between the nodal values is used - this becomes more accurate as element size is reduced
Reference node - an extra point used to orient the cross-
section of a beam Classification of elements Based on Dimensions 1-and 2-D Elements with applications Cont.. 3-D Elements with applications Classification of Elements Based on Behaviour Linear Element Lines
Non- linear Element
Curvatures Classification of Elements Based on Degree of Freedom
Translational Element( Horizontal and Vertical
displacement) Rotational Element Aspect Ratio It is defined as the ratio of largest dimension the element to its smallest dimension Coordinates system Local coordinate system Global Coordinate system Guidelines for Discretisation Have a node at each supports and load points. Select a Displacement Function There will be a displacement function for each element Pascals Triangle General Steps in Finite Element Methods 1. Discretize & Select the Element Types 2. Select a Displacement Function 3. Define the Strain/Displacement & Stress/Strain Relationships 4. Derive the Element Stiffness Matrix & Equations 5. Assemble the Element Equations to Obtain the Global & Introduce Boundary Conditions 6. Solve for the Unknown Degrees of Freedom 7. Solve for the Element Strains & Stresses 8. Interpret the Results Properties of Shape Function Each shape function has value of one at its own node and zero at the other nodes. Sum of all shape function is equal to one. Sum of derivatives with respect to X axis will be equal zero. Shape functions are polynomial of same type as original displacement function.