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The pass compos is the most common past tense; it is used to relate actions or events
completed in the past. In English you may have two different tenses for that but in French we
have only one for both the actions.
It is formed by using the present tense of the helping verb avoir or tre and adding a past
participle. i.e. Subject + Avoir / tre + Past Participle
The past participle of regular verbs is formed by dropping the infinitive ending and adding for
er verbs, i for ir verbs, and u for re verbs.
Nous regardons Nous avons regard Nous fermons Nous avons ferm
Vous regardez Vous avez regard Vous fermez Vous avez ferm
Ils / elles regardent Ils/elles ont regard Ils/elles ferment Ils/elles ont ferm
Nous finissons Nous avons fini Nous choisissons Nous avons choisi
Vous finissez Vous avez fini Vous choisissez Vous avez choisi
Ils/elles finissent Ils/elles ont fini Ils/elles choisissent Ils/elles ont choisi
Nous attendons Nous avons attendu Nous entendons Nous avons entendu
Vous attendez Vous avez attendu Vous entendez Vous avez entendu
Ils/elles attendent Ils ont attendu Ils/elles entendent Ils/elles ont entendu
But some past participles of irregular verbs must be memorized with verb avoir.
Nous avons visit Paris plusieurs fois. We've visited Paris several times.
Samedi, il a vu sa mre, a parl au mdecin et Saturday he saw his mother, talked to the doc
trouv un chat.
Jai visit des monuments et pris des photos. I visited some monuments and took some
phophophotophotos
III. It also indicates a change in physical or mental state at a precise moment.
Jai eu peur quand le chien a aboy. I was scared when the dog barked.
Pour la premire fois, jai aim les pinards. For the first time, I liked spinach.
pictures.
Les exercices
Ce matin je me suis veill de bonne heure six heures, et je me suis lv tout de suite. Je me
suis lav et je me suis habill rapidement. sept heures Jacques est venu chez moi. Il est entr
dans ma chambre et il ma dit :-Bonjour Arthur, vous tes prt ? Nous allons faire une longue
promenade aujourdhui. Dpchez-vous ! Nous sommes descendus dans la salle manger et
nous avons djeun ensemble. Puis nous sommes sortis et nous avons march rapidement.
Dabord, nous sommes alls au parc. Puis nous sommes alls la campagne. midi nous avons
achet un sandwich et une glace au chocolat. Puis nous avons march encore jusqu' quatre
heures de laprs-midi. Alors Jacques ma dit :-je suis fatigu. Rentrons ! Je lui ai dit : Moi, je ne
suis pas fatigu, mais jai mal au pied. Voil justement un tramway ! Alors nous sommes monts
en tramway et nous sommes rentrs la maison, nous sommes arrivs chez nous six heures
juste temps pour le dner.
Rule: Subject + conjugation of tre in present tense + past participle of the verb
The pass compos is the most common past tense; it is used to relate actions or events
completed in the past. In English you may have two different tenses for that but in French we
have only one for both the actions.
First of all one should know the conjugation of verb tre in present which is,
tre - to be
It is important to know how pass compos with verb tre is different from pass compos with verb
avoir. The difference is that only a few verbs which are mention below are conjugated with helping
verb tre and rest all other verbs are conjugated with the helping verb avoir to form past tense.
These verbs generally (those are conjugating with the helping verb tre), but not always, express
motion or a change of place, state, or condition, such as going up, going down, going in, going out, or
remaining. The verbs are:
A - arriver partir
D - descendre monter
V venir aller
E entrer sortir
N natre mourir
T tomber rester
Note: Rester may not be the exact opposite of Tomber but here as to learn these verbs it is treated
like one.
ADVENT may not mean any thing but it is an easy method to learn these verbs and sign
means opposite in French.
Passer, Rentrer, Revenir, Devenir, Demonter and Pronominal Verbs (se lever, Shabiller)
conjugating with helping verb tre to form pass compos.
Aller - to go
je suis all(e) (I went) / (I have gone)} nous sommes all(e)s (we went) / (we have gone)
tu es all(e) (you went) / (you have gone) vous tes all(e)(s) (you went) / (you have gone)
il / on est all (he / one went) / (one has gone) ils sont alls (they went) / (they have gone)
elle est alle (she went) / (she has gone) elles sont alles (they went)/ (they have gone)
The negation is formed by placing ne ... pas around the conjugated verb, which in this case, is
the auxiliary tre: Je ne suis pas all(e), Tu n'es pas all(e), etc.
Laccord (the agreement) in case of pass compos verb tre there is an agreement
of past participle and subject. In other words if the subject is feminine the past participle will
take an e and if the subject is plural it will take an s and if the subject is feminine plural it will
take es in the end. An example is given in the above conjugation. In all, the past participle
agrees with the subject in number and in gender.
For e.g :
In the above written example elle is the feminine subject, est is the conjugation of helping
verb tre, alle is the past participle and lhpital is the object.
A pronominal verb is a verb which has a reflexive pronoun, that is, a pronoun referring back to
its subject. These verbs are easily recognized by the pronoun se before the infinitive: se lever, se
laver, se promener, shabiller, se dpcher, se coucher, etc.
Formation
In the pass compos, pronominal verbs are conjugated with tre as their auxiliary. Past
participles of pronominal verbs are formed like non pronominal past participles. Note that the
reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nous, vous, se) precedes the auxiliary.
je me suis amus(e) (I had fun) nous nous sommes amus(e)s (we had fun)
tu t'es amus(e) (you had fun) vous vous tes amus(e)(s) (you had fun)
il / on s'est amus (he / one had fun) ils se sont amuss (they had fun)
elle s'est amuse (she had fun) elles se sont amuses (they had fun)
Negation
In the negative, the ne comes before the reflexive pronoun and the pas comes after the auxiliary:
Les exercices
All Fabia, cest Cdric. Je suis Rome. Tu penses quon peut se voir.
Bien sr! Tu arriv quand Rome?
Je. arriv hier matin.
Tu. trouv un htel?
Oui, j rserv une chambre pour la semaine.
Tu .dj visit quelque part Rome?
Oui, hier, j. visit le Colise, et ce matin je . all au march sur le
Campo dei Fiori.
Bon, alors on peut se retrouver vers cinq heures, et on dcide ensemble dun autre endroit
dcouvrir.
a. Descendre ________________
b. Passer ________________
c. Revenir _________________
d. Devenir _________________
e. Mourir _________________
f. Natre _________________
g. Aller _________________
h. Arriver _________________
i. Partir _________________
j. Sortir __________________
k. Rentrer __________________
a. Aller
b. Mourir
c. Entrer
d. Descendre
e. Partir
Chers amis,
Enfin nous sommes en Turquie. Quel beau pays ! Nous ______________ (arriver) Istanbul le
25. Nous ______________ (visiter) la ville. Puis nous _________________ (louer) une voiture
et nous ________________ (partir) vers le sud. Nous __________________ (aller) jusqu'
Ephse. Cest magnifique ! Hier, nous ______________ (se promener) dans la ville antique et
nous _____________ (voir) le clbre temple. Ce matin Alain _____________ (se lever) 7
heures pour voir les monuments au lever du soleil.
Amitis
Dominique