Session1

TOPICSINCLUDED
1. WholeNumbers
2. ArithmeticOperationswithOrderofOperations
3. LawsofAddition&Multiplication
4. PrimeandCompositeNumberswithPrimeFactorization
5. GCF&LCM
6. SomeDivisibilityRules
7. SimpleFractions,Decimals,andPercent
8. RatioandProportion
9. RealNumberSystem
10. RationalExpressions(Introduction)
WholeNumbersvsNaturalNumbers
Naturalnumbersareallpositivenumbersonthenumberlinefrom1uptoinfinity.

Wholenumbersarenaturalnumberswith0.

Therefore;allnaturalnumbersarewholenumbersbutnotallwholenumbersare
naturalnumbers.
ORDERofArithmeticOperations
Insimplifyingarithmetic(numerical)operations,wealwaysconsiderthefollowing
rule:
Illustrativeexample:
Calculatetheexpression:

10 2 3 4 16 2 1 5 150: 5
10 2 3 4 16 2 1 5 150: 5
10 8 3 64 8 1 5 150: 25
10 24 64 7 5 6
34 64 35 6
Tryityourself!
LAWSOFADDITIONANDMULTIPLICATION
 Prime&compositenumbers
Numberswhicharentdivisiblebyanynumbersexceptbyitselfare
calledprimenumbers.
Numberswhichhavealsootherfactorsarecalledcomposite
numbers.
Thereisaninfinitesetofprimenumbers.
Lookforalltheprimenumbers
Primefactorization
TheCakeMethod
Dividethenumberbyitssmallest
primefactor.
Dividethatquotientbyitssmallest
primefactor.

Repeatuntilthequotientisprime.(In
thiscase3)
Theprimefactorsarealltheprime
factorsoutsidethecakeincludingthe
finalprimequotientexcept1.

(2,2,2,3)
ACTIVITY
Look for the Prime Factor/s of the following numbers:

a. 282
b. 120
c. 363
GREATESTCOMMONFACTOR
The greatest factor that TWOnumbershasincommon.
Example:

35onlyhas5,7leftasfactorswhile18has3,3&2.Thus,thereisnoothercommon
factorbut2*2*2=8
GREATESTCOMMONFACTOR
OTHERMETHOD:
Y=X(b) + r
(Use this formula to get the GCF of twonumbers.LetYbethebiggernumber.The
lastvalueofrbeforeitturnszeroistheGCF.)

EXAMPLE:(280,144)
y=x(b)+r
280=144(1)+136
144=136(1)+8 GCF
136=8(17)+0
TryThis:
Find the GCFof
a. 45,63
b. 87,32
c. 124,120
LEASTCOMMONMULTIPLE
Thelowestmultiple(abiggernumberthanthenumbersitself)inwhichtwonumbershave
incommonistheLCM.
Example:

35onlyhas5,7leftasfactorswhile18has3,3&2.Multiplyallremainingfactorsthatthe
twonumbersdonthaveincommontotheir GCF togettheLCM.
Thistime,theLCMof280and144is35*18*8 =5040
TryThis:
Find the LCMof
a. 45,63
b. 87,32
c. 124,120
DIVISIBILITYRULE
 SIMPLEFRACTIONS

To add(orsubtract) two fractions :

1)Findthe leastcommondenominator .
2)Writebothoriginalfractionsas equivalentfractions with
theleastcommondenominator.
3)Add(orsubtract)thenumerators.
4)Writetheresultwiththedenominator.
SIMPLEFRACTIONS
SIMPLEFRACTIONS
SIMPLEFRACTIONS
SIMPLEFRACTIONS
SIMPLEFRACTIONS
SIMPLEFRACTIONS
Mixednumbers canbewrittenasan improperfraction andanimproper
fractioncanbewrittenasamixednumber.
SIMPLEFRACTIONS
Alwaysmakesuretochoosetheanswerinlowesttermorsimplifiedform.

Afractionisinlowesttermswhenthenumeratoranddenominatorhaveno
commonfactorotherthan1.Towriteafractioninlowestterms,dividethe
numeratoranddenominatorbythegreatestcommonfactor.
RATIOANDPROPORTION
ATIOANDPROPORTION
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

Positivewholenumbersbeginningwithone.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

Anynumberthatcanbewrittenonanumberline
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

Allnaturalnumberspluszero,NOfractions/decimalsor
negativenumbers
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

Anynumberthatcanbewrittenasafraction/decimal.The
decimaleitherterminatesorrepeats.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

Wholenumbersandtheiropposites,NO
fractions/decimals
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

Realnumbersthatdonotrepeatorterminate
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

True/False:Allrealnumbersarerationalnumbers.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

True/False:Zeroisaninteger.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

True/False:Allintegersarerealnumbers.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

True/False:Someirrationalnumbersarerealnumbers.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

True/False:Somerationalnumbersareintegers
 ENDOFFIRSTSESSION
TAKEHOME:
a. Reviewon RationalNumbers
b. Answerthetakehomeactivity
c. Make sure to finish the task in no more than an hour. Show
your solution.