‘THE SOCIETY OF DYERS AND COLOURISTS. PERKIN HOUSE, 82 GRATTAN ROAD BRADFORD BD1 238 EXAMINATION FOR THE ASSOCIATESHIP (ASDC) 2012 Paper 1 “Theories of Colour Colour Assessment and Measurement Relation of Colour to Constitution Monday 7" May 2012 (Note: Candidates have 15 minutes to sty the exam paper. The marks fo: each ‘question, or part question are indicated in brackets, the total marks foreach question 020) FIVE questions nly to be stempte; begin each question on a separate shee) 1. (a) Deseribe the principles on which instrumental recipe prediction systems are based 2} (6) Outline the main fetures ofan instrumental recipe prediction system. [8] 2, (a) Out the main components of a modern spectrophotometer suitable forthe ‘measurement of dye solutions 04) (@) Describe how you could test whether the instrument was in good working onder 6 5. (a) Diseus the advantages and disadvantages of colour-diffrence formula in assfilassessments 0} (©) Describe how the reliability ofa colour-dfference formula is assessed, [10] 4. (a) Give an account of the essential features ofthe CIE system of colour specification (10) (b) Explain why uminant D6S is generally prefered to Mlominant C. 8 (6) Define the terms dominant wavelength, exetaon purty and complementary dominant wavelength. Mlustrate your answer using the CIE chromaticity agram. (75. (#) Give detailed account ofthe NCS colour-onder system, indicating the ‘rineiple on which it is based 112) () Outline the advantages and Finittions oF using colour atlases. 8) 6. (@ Sketch possible spectral reflsiance curves forthe fllowing coloured surfaces: (Light greys (i) Darksed (it) Mid yeltow-green; (is) Dak browns, ©) Midbee 61 and b® valves fr each ofthese surfices. 10) (@) Sate which hues you would expect for both adiive and subtractive mixtures of (6) Suggest possible sets of CTE L* © Red plus green; 3) Ros plus yellow plus blue; Gi) Cyanplus yellow. [a] 7. Two fabrics, A and B, have the following CIE tristimulus values under uminant 6s (Table), Tle IC tts aus fr ies ‘Tristimulus values y Colour A techs ‘Colour B uh (@) Gives qualitative description ofthe colours ofthe fabric samples A and B. i] () Calculate the CIE L*ab* coordinates ofthe fabric samples A und Bunder illuminant D6S. The CIE XYZ values ofthe illuminant white point under D6S are [94.811, 100.00, 107.304, respectively (8) (6) Fabric sample C has CIE L*a*b* values of [40, 3, 39 respectively). Caleulate the colour difference betwcen fabric sample B and fabric sample C. Discuss the cleulted difference in an industrial context. 8]8. (@ Define the terms absorbance and molar extinction coefficient. 4 (b) Deteribe Lambert's Law and Beer's Law. Your answer should include their mathematieal relationships and definitions of any terms use. 2] (6) Briefly explain he difference between simple-subtractive and complex subtractive mixing io} 9, (a) Explain what is meant by the tems metamerism and colour constanc?, carefully distinguishing between the two a (6) Discuss practical situations in which each s important, 5) (©) Give brief description ofthe CIE Colour Rendering Indes. 8) 10, Wiite notes on 10 of the following: (2) The principles of shade sorting, 10) (©) The visual and instrumental assessment of Fight fstness tuo) (©) Defective colour vision {19)THE SOCIETY OF DYERS AND COLOURISTS PERKIN HOUSE, 82 GRATTAN ROAD. BRADFORD BDI 205. EXAMINATION FOR THE ASSOCIATESHIP (ASDC) 2012 of Dyes, Pigments and Ausiiary Chenleals sed in Technological Processes (Note: Candidates have 15 minutes o sty the exam paper. ‘The mars for ech uestion of prt question, ae indicated in brackets, the total marks foreach question are 20) (FIVE questions only to be attempted bey each question on a separate sheet) 1 Write an essay on “The chemistry and uses of Sequstring agents in textile wet oy processing 2, Explain the meaning ofthe terms (@) chromophore 0 (&) auxechrome tu) ame thee chromophores Bi) Give sincurl example fa colorant foreach of your named mophores, iets the oppieton clans uf esl alexa the pat played by chemical groups over than the cromphore in aking that olorant appropriate fr application toa particular substrate {5 foreach elronophore] 3. Givean account ofthe ole of nitrogen inthe strate of colorants eo 44 Explain with examples, the stor featres of Muorescent brightening ‘geist are used specially for the following fibres (a) elllosies i (6) aylon an woo! | (@) palyester is) @ aeplic BIDescribe the chemical statue and mode of reaction of ative dyes specifically produced forthe dyeing of 0 9} Deseret stricture and funtion ofthe sect ausiliras hat are necessary in the applisation of thse dyes (6 Outline atypical dyeing procedure 8) spain the esentiol structural etures of vat dyes ray Explain ey and how these dyes ae converted into thei leo compounds. [3] Explain the estnfolsrctral ference betweun vat and sulphur dyes {51 Indicate the unliaries sed inthe exhaust pplication of vat dyes to cotton, [5} ‘With espct to Wine symbols, explain wha meant by Ane “4 Give the stoctres of (an ac dye an (pigment that conform to the shove Winther desergtion, 19) Explain why one is ye and the otber isa pigment fol "Explain why emlson thickening agent ar prtiuly suitable For use in lament printing, ay Deserbe, with examples, the structures of typical disperse, basic and eatve dyes based on antraguinone, explinng the features which charactors them a disperse, basic enetive dye and indicate fibes for which they are suitable, 201 Amer two ofthe following [10 marks foreach) (2) Discus the envionment aspect ofthe reducing agents available for ‘se with either vat or sulphur dyes. (6) Explain the meaning and inpliatons ofthe abbreviations COD, HOD and AOX (©). Compare the envionment aspects ofthe agents available for the bleaching feoton. (@) Describe the chemical structure and ure of enzymes in textile we processing. (9, Describe the chemical structure and use of defouming agents in textile ‘wet processing.tele pm 4S PO woe te eb (Esplin the stratral atures in the parent chromophores which enable complexing with he mtalt ake pice 1‘THE SOCIETY OF DYERS AND COLOURISTS PERKIN HOUSE, 82 GRATTAN ROAD. BRADFORD BDI 215 EXAMINATION FOR THE ASSOCIATESHIP (ASDC) 2012 Papers Polymers: Properties and Production Monday 14° May 2012 (Note: Candidates have 1S minutes to study the exam paper. The marks foreach ‘weston or part question, ate indicated in brackets, the total marks fr each question tre 20) (FIVE questions only tobe attempted; bean each question on a separate shee) 1. A sample ofa polymer contains: 100 molecules having RMM 50,000 50 molecules having RMM $0,000 50 molecules having RMIM 100,000, {@) Calculate the number average and weight average RMM values and explain in (qualtative terms te difference between number average and weight average MIM values, is) (0 Catelte he poytispersity ind and explain what it meant by the podiperty index “1 2. (a) Explain he concept of solubility parameter values in respect ofthe issoltion of polymers, 8) (6) Describe one practical method to determine the solubility parameter ‘valve ofa polymer. 4 (€)An amorphous, non-polar polymer has a solubility parameter of 94H Using the Table below, comment on the probabilities of dissolving the polymer {stone ofthe ais a (G) A mist of Aan tt {iy Ariat of A and a (GA mist oF A and. pI Nonpa igid Solblty paramere a 7 B 31 ¢ 103 D Iss3. (a) Explain the mun effets of exoss-linking onan otherwise linear polymer. [5] (6) Diseuss how crosslinks are introduced in the preduction of () Ureasormaldchyde resins. 5) (ip Polyester resins [si (iy Thermoplastic elastomers 6 4. (a) Describe the heatseting process fr polyester fabric 1 {) Discuss the elects ofthe peoeosson both the physical properties nd the dyeing behaviour ofthe fab 0 5. Give a detailed acount ofthe chemical tucture of woo, particu those ‘atures responsible forthe setting and the dyeing behaviour Of woo. (20) 6, Desribe BOTH ofthe follwing processes and explain the effets on the physical ‘Sinctre and properties, including the dying behaviour, of the two textile Hires. {@) Merersing cotton fabric and yar. 12) (@) Weight reduction of polyester fabric 18) 7. (a Discuss the environmental impact of synthtie polymers uo) () Deserbe steps that can be taken to minimise this impact, (0) 8. (a) Give an account ofthe produstion of alginate Fives uy (6) Dessrite two apliatons oF alginate fibres i 19. a) Most fibres may be described as being “swo-phase polymers; explain what is meant by this term, “4 6) Explain in detail the importance ofeach phase inthe processing and drcing of sytete fibres. 12) (© Give an example ofa fibre tha isnot a “two-phase polymer” and dseibe how «his affects how i must be handled during dyeing, al 10, Desrie in detail the production of regenerated cellulose fibres. po}‘THE SOCIETY OF DYERS AND COLOURISTS PERKIN HOUSE, 82 GRATTAN ROAD BRADFORD BDI2IB EXAMINATION FOR THE ASSOCIATESHIP (ASDC) 2012 per 4 Industrial Organisation and Management ‘Tuesday 15° May 2012 (Note: Candidates have 1S minutes to study the exam paper. The marks fr each ‘question, or part question are indicated in brackets, the total marks foreach question se20) (FIVE questions only to be attempted begin each question on 8 Separate sheet) 1, Give an account ofthe function ofa Laboratory Manager ina modem dyeing and Finishing pant (Po) 2, Citally comment on the following statement: “The Budgeting process is of litle benefit a textile manufacturing company itis the sles forecast that i vita eo) 5 Write an esay on matting in textile manufacturing busines po) 4. Wit job description fora Financial Manage. po} 5. Discus the environmental factors which mast be considered in managing ‘mode textile processing plant 0) 6, Write an essay on modern dst elations in the textile ndastry. (20) 7. Explain whats meant by two of the following terms: [each has 10marks} (@) Management information systems () Cash flow management (6) Marginal costing (6) Variance analysis4. Give an aceon ofthe health and safety factors which are relevant oa modem textile manufotiring plant 20) 9, Write a dese account of Total Quality Management and how this would benefit ‘moder textile manufacturing plat 20) 10. Argue the case for and against implementing ISO9002 ina txt printing company. Po)THE SOCIETY OF DYERS AND COLOURISTS. PERKIN HOUSE, 82 GRATTAN ROAD BRADFORD BDI 238 EXAMINATION FOR THE ASSOCIATESHIP (ASDC) 2012 Paper 6: Wet-processng of man-made fibres and thelr blends "Tuesday 22" May 2012 (Note: Candidates have 15 minutes o study the exam paper. The marks for each question, oF Part question, ar indicated in backers, the total marks foreach question are 20,) (FIVE questions only t he attempted begin each question ona separate sheet) 1. Weit an stay on the dyeing of texturised polyester garments 0) 2, (@ Sketch and explain the essential components of jet, HT Jager and padthsmosol ‘eing machines, indicating polyester-based materials for which they ar partedarly stable 9) (6) Explain in detail he wse of ONE such machine forthe application of appropriate dyes ta fabric of your choice, (Ho) 3. Describe inde the apliaton of dispersefvat dyes toa 5/45 polyestercatton bend fabric. eo 4.3) Explain what is meant by “burnt-gas fume fading” and indicate how it xm be sinimised is] (6) Explain surface saponitiaton of polyester and triacetate fabrics iI {6 Explain the differences in dyeing bshaviour between normal polyester Fes and polyester microfibre. (51 {Explain the sublimation vansfer printing of polyester fabric bh 5. Write an essay on: The discharge printing of polyester fabric" Po) 6. Writan essay on “The dyeing of aerylic Hires” Po) 7. Describe in detail the dyeing of ONE ofthe following 0) (@)aerliiwoal blends (6) plyamide/woo! blends8, Write an esay on “The washing-off of disperse and reactive dye mixtures pte on polyestericelllosie Blends” Po 9, Write an esay on ONE of he fllowing eo) “e) Riaht frst time dyeing (b) Laboratory o-bulk reproducibility 10, Describe possible processes forthe aplication of disperslreactive dye mixtures to poiyesterlelulosie blends by continuous methods. po}‘THR SOCIETY OF DYERS AND COLOURISTS PERKIN HOUSE, 82 GRATTAN ROAD. BRADFORD BDI 21m EXAMINATION FOR THE ASSOCIATESHIP (ASDC) 2012 Paper: Wet-processing of natural fibres Monday 21" May 2012 (Note: Candidates have 15 minutes to study the exam paper. The marks foreach question, oF pat question ac indicate in rackets, the toll marks foreach question are 20.) (FIVE questions only to be attempted atleast TWO fiom cach section; begin each question ‘on separate sheet) Section 1: Protein fibres 1. (@ Explain the essential mechanisms of srink-resist processes fr woo, indicating the advantages and ditadvaniages of Such processes. is (6) Desaibe in detail shvinkesist process of your choice. 12) 2, (a) Desribe the application ofthe various classes of aid dyes to Woo! worst fabrics (Goch the typeof machines that may be used), 02) () With espet to acid dyes, explain the nature ofthe interactions with woo fixes uring dyeing 1) 3,_ Desetbe the essential differences between diet ring, discharge rintngand resi printing with ape o wool ) ‘eseibe in deal the printing of wool bya proses of our che. (| 4. Write an essay on “The machines available forthe dyeing of woo in yarn for (elude diagrams where appropriate) por 5. (@) Explain the reaction of a-bromoacrylamido reactive dyes with woo! i (@) Describe in detail the methods and machinery for applying abromoacrylmido reactive dyes to loose woo stock pa}Section 2: Cellulose fbres 6. (@ Explain why cotton ie mercerized. a () Describe in detail a process for the mercetisation of cotton frie with otium hydroxide. ne 1. (@) Desrie briefly the essential application diferences between (G@)monolnetional monochlor-srazine dyes (Gi) monofunetional dichloco-s-trazine dyes and Gi itusetiona monochloro-srazineiving sulphone dyes as applied t cotton. [5] (© With the ad graph explain the exhaustion and fixation phases inthe application ‘of eaetve dyes to caton (5) (©) Describe in detail the application of a wichromatof reactive dyes to cottn fabric by & proces of your choice (toy 8. (a) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using det dyes for the dyeing of cellulose substrate, ol {() Explain the difference between the three application classes of dict dyes in vegandto solbility aggrezation in solution, substntivity, application method and fasines propetis tio} (6) Briely describe the application ofa iret dye triehnomat to eocton yarn (6) 9, Writoan estay'on “The criteria forthe selection of dye types fo application to cotton” (20) 10. Compare snd contast the use f(a) des and (b) pigments forthe diet pining of cellulose fais, eo)